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Syed Yaacob SFF, Kamboh MA, Wan Ibrahim WA, Mohamad S. New sporopollenin-based β-cyclodextrin functionalized magnetic hybrid adsorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from water samples. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171311. [PMID: 30109037 PMCID: PMC6083704 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) procedure on the newly synthesized magnetic β-cyclodextrin functionalized with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as a linker and further modified with bio-polymeric spores of sporopollenin (MSp-TDI-βCD), was developed for the extraction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely, indoprofen (INP), ketoprofen (KTP), ibuprofen (IBP) and fenoprofen (FNP) from water samples prior to their HPLC-DAD determination. The newly synthesized MSp-TDI-βCD was comprehensibly characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, BET and VSM analyses. The separation of selected NSAIDs on MSp-TDI-βCD from aqueous solution was simply achieved by applying an external magnetic field via a permanent magnet. The MSPE parameters affecting extraction performance, i.e. sorbent dosage, sample volume, extraction and desorption time, type of organic eluent and volume and solution pH were investigated and optimized. The proposed method showed linear range between 0.5 and 500 ng ml-1, low limit of detection at S/N = 3 (0.16-0.37 ng ml-1) and limit of quantification at S/N = 10 (0.53-1.22 ng ml-1). The inter-day (n = 15) and intra-day (n = 5) precision for the proposed methods given by relative standard deviation (RSD%) was in the range of 2.5-4.0 and 2.1-5.5, respectively. The extraction recoveries of NSAIDs from environmental samples (tap, drinking and river water) ranged from 92.5% to 123.6%, with satisfactory precision (RSD% less than 12.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Afzal Kamboh
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim
- Separation Science and Technology Group (SepSTec), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Mohamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Salvatierra-stamp V, Muñiz-Valencia R, Jurado JM, Ceballos-Magaña SG. Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of emerging contaminants in water samples. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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53
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Present state and applications of single drop microextraction for the determination of harmful organic compounds and pollutants. NOVA BIOTECHNOLOGICA ET CHIMICA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/nbec-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Single drop microextraction (SDME) nowadays earns an increasing attention by scientists due to its simplicity, low cost and the need for only common laboratory equipment. This microextraction technique combines sample cleanup and pre-concentration of analytes in one step. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the amount of organic solvents needed comparing to standard LLE techniques places SDME into the position of environmental friendly extraction techniques. SDME is a straightforward technique in which a micro-drop of solvent is suspended from the tip of a conventional micro-syringe and then it is in a direct contact with a sample solution in which it is immiscible or it could be suspended in the headspace above the sample. The paper overviews developments of the state-of-the-art SDME techniques for the extraction of harmful organic compound and pollutants from environmental, food and biological matrices. Key extraction parameters essential for SDME performance were described and discussed.
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Mariano DOC, Di Giacomo Messias M, Prezotto-Neto JP, Spencer PJ, Pimenta DC. Biochemical Analyses of Proteins from Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Bufo melanostictus) Skin Secretion: Soluble Protein Retrieval from a Viscous Matrix by Ion-Exchange Batch Sample Preparation. Protein J 2018; 37:380-389. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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V. Soares Maciel E, de Toffoli AL, Lanças FM. Recent trends in sorption-based sample preparation and liquid chromatography techniques for food analysis. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1582-1596. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Lúcia de Toffoli
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos; University of São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
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56
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Martinović T, Šrajer Gajdošik M, Josić D. Sample preparation in foodomic analyses. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1527-1542. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Djuro Josić
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
- Department of Medicine; Brown Medical School; Brown University; Providence RI USA
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Application of the QuEChERS procedure for analysis of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolites in authentic whole blood samples by GC-MS/MS. Forensic Toxicol 2018; 36:415-423. [PMID: 29963208 PMCID: PMC6002432 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-018-0419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Analysis of drugs and their metabolites in biofluids usually demands the application of sample preparation methods that allow for full isolation of analyzed substances from the matrix. The purpose of this study was to develop a method using the QuEChERS procedure for analysis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-THC). Methods THC, 11-OH-THC and 11-COOH-THC were quantified in whole blood samples using QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results The described method is characterized by good linearity, very low detection limits and satisfactory inter- and intraday precisions for THC, 11-OH-THC and 11-COOH-THC. The applicability of the procedure was confirmed using authentic whole blood samples collected from 30 persons suspected of driving under the influence of drugs. Conclusions The application of QuEChERS extraction described herein is a simple and convenient method for the routine analysis of THC, 11-OH-THC and 11-COOH-THC in whole blood samples from living and deceased humans. To our knowledge, this paper is the first academic report describing the QuEChERS extraction of THC and its metabolites from whole blood specimens.
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Miralles P, Chisvert A, Alonso MJ, Hernandorena S, Salvador A. Determination of free formaldehyde in cosmetics containing formaldehyde-releasing preservatives by reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1543:34-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kočová Vlčková H, Pilařová V, Svobodová P, Plíšek J, Švec F, Nováková L. Current state of bioanalytical chromatography in clinical analysis. Analyst 2018; 143:1305-1325. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01807j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic methods have become popular in clinical analysis in both routine and research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Kočová Vlčková
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - V. Pilařová
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - P. Svobodová
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - J. Plíšek
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - F. Švec
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - L. Nováková
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
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Fernandes NCM, Gomes FDCO, Garcia CF, Vieira MDLA, Machado AMDR. Use of solid phase microextraction to identify volatile organic compounds in brazilian wines from different grape varieties. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.05817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The Brazilian wine industry has shown significant growth in recent years and the insertion of new concepts, such as geographical indications as signs of quality, has placed Brazil in tune with the tendencies of world wine production. The aim of this work was to apply the Solid Phase Microextraction technique in combination with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to study Brazilian wines made from different grape varieties, in order to separate and identify their volatile organic compounds. These substances were identified by comparisons between the spectra obtained with those presented in the NIST library database, and by comparisons with linear retention indices and literature data. The amounts of the compounds were calculated based on the total peak areas of the chromatograms. Forty-seven volatile compounds were identified and grouped into alcohols, aldehydes, fatty acids, esters, hydrocarbons, ketones and terpenes. Most of them belonged to the ester function, conferring a fruity aroma on the wines. The alcohols may have originated from the yeast metabolism, contributing to the alcoholic and floral aromas. Ethyl lactate, 1-hexanol and diethyl maleate were identified in all the varieties, except Merlot. Decanal, methyl citronellate, (E)-2-hexenyl-3-methylbutyrate were only found in Merlot, while 2,3-butanediol was only present in the Tannat wines. 2-Phenylethanol was present in all varieties and is recognized as giving pleasant rose and honey attributes to wines. This study showed that the volatile profile of red wines is mainly characterized by esters and higher alcohols. The statistical analysis of the comparison of averages showed a greater amount of averages significantly different in the relative areas of Merlot wine. The Principal Component Analysis showed one grouping composed only of the Merlot wine samples, and this was probably related to the existence of the volatile organic compounds that were specifically identified in these wines.
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Che D, Cheng J, Ji Z, Zhang S, Li G, Sun Z, You J. Recent advances and applications of polydopamine-derived adsorbents for sample pretreatment. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Determination of genotoxic epoxide at trace level in drug substance by direct injection GC/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:103-108. [PMID: 28873359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel direct injection gas chromatography method coupled with selective ion monitoring mass spectrometry (GC/SIM-MS) was developed for quantitation of trace levels of high boiling point (HBP) epoxide genotoxic impurity (GTI) in drug substance. The injector temperature was optimized with the aims to minimize matrix effects and enhance SIM signal response. The final injector temperature 160°C was selected after balancing between these two factors. The column screening was conducted as well and MN OPTIMA delta-3 silica capillary column was selected since it showed good peak symmetry without column bleeding. The good linearity was established for the concentration in the range from 0.0045μg/mL to 0.5μg/mL with a R2=0.9999. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.0014μg/mL and 0.0045μg/mL, respectively. The recovery which ranged from 95.0% to 112.5% could meet the ICH acceptance criteria. The validation results demonstrated the good linearity, precision and accuracy of the method which can be further adopted as an adequate quality control tool for quantitation of epoxide impurity at trace levels in drug substance and drug product.
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63
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Yang Q, Wang Y, Zhang H, Xu K, Wei X, Xu P, Zhou Y. A novel dianionic amino acid ionic liquid-coated PEG 4000 modified Fe3O4 nanocomposite for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of trypsin. Talanta 2017; 174:139-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Martins ML, Kemmerich M, Prestes OD, Maldaner L, Jardim IC, Zanella R. Evaluation of an alternative fluorinated sorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method for pesticide residues analysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1514:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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65
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Development of fast, efficient and ecological method employing vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with fast gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for pesticide residues analysis in alcohol-content samples. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1506:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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66
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Razmi H, Khosrowshahi EM, Farrokhzadeh S. Introduction of coiled solid phase microextraction fiber coated by mesoporous silica/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide for ultra-trace environmental analysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1506:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
AIM Micro-SPE in pipette tips (μ-SPE-PT) with particle sorbent has never been used in small-molecule drug analysis. Methodology & results: μ-SPE-PT was used for the extraction of statins from biological materials followed by UHPLC-MS/MS. The commercial and homemade μ-SPE-PT tips filled with particle sorbent were compared. While the homemade tips enabled direct serum sample loading into the sorbent, protein precipitation (PP) had to be implemented before μ-SPE-PT procedure using commercial tips. Three μ-SPE-PT methods were developed and validated: method A: μ-SPE-PT with homemade tips; method B: PP + μ-SPE-PT with homemade tips; and method C: PP + μ-SPE-PT with commercial tips. Method A enabled a simple high-throughput approach (48 samples in 90 min) compared with methods B and C that required three-times longer time. However, PP increased the recoveries of protein-bound analytes and extracts purity in methods B and C. The matrix effects without internal standards correction for method C were significantly higher than those for the methods A and B. CONCLUSION Compared with commercial tips, homemade tips filled with particles were found to be more suitable for drug analysis. Commercial tips tested in this study were found challenging but the conditions under which they could be applicable were also defined.
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Serrano M, Bartolomé M, Bravo JC, Paniagua G, Gañan J, Gallego-Picó A, Garcinuño RM. On-line flow injection molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction for the preconcentration and determination of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine samples. Talanta 2017; 166:375-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Płotka-Wasylka J, Marć M, Szczepańska N, Namieśnik J. New Polymeric Materials for Solid Phase Extraction. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:373-383. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1298987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Marć
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Szczepańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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70
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Pinto M, Frena M, dos Santos Madureira LA. Solvent-free method for the determination of lignin-derived phenols in sediments. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2002-2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Pinto
- Departamento de Química; Campus Universitário Trindade; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Morgana Frena
- Departamento de Química; Campus Universitário Trindade; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
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72
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Lehmann S, Brede C, Lescuyer P, Cocho JA, Vialaret J, Bros P, Delatour V, Hirtz C. Clinical mass spectrometry proteomics (cMSP) for medical laboratory: What does the future hold? Clin Chim Acta 2017; 467:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Fabrication and evaluation of a fluorophilic adsorbent for multiple monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction of fluorobenzenes. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1492:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Simultaneous assay of multiple antibiotics in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: importance of optimizing formic acid concentration. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:469-483. [PMID: 28176533 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Optimal dosing of antibiotics in critically ill patients is complicated by the development of resistant organisms requiring treatment with multiple antibiotics and alterations in systemic exposure due to diseases and extracorporeal drug removal. Developing guidelines for optimal antibiotic dosing is an important therapeutic goal requiring robust analytical methods to simultaneously measure multiple antibiotics. METHODS An LC-MS/MS assay using protein precipitation for cleanup followed by a 6-min gradient separation was developed to simultaneously determine five antibiotics in human plasma. RESULTS The precision and accuracy were within the 15% acceptance range. The formic acid concentration was an important determinant of signal intensity, peak shape and matrix effects. CONCLUSION The method was designed to be simple and successfully applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study.
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Miniaturization of the QuEChERS Method in the Fast Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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76
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New materials for sample preparation techniques in bioanalysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1043:81-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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77
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Chisvert A, Benedé JL, Peiró M, Pedrón I, Salvador A. Determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetic products by reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by liquid chromatography. Talanta 2017; 166:81-86. [PMID: 28213263 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new analytical method for the determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), a very harmful compound not allowed in cosmetic products, is presented. The method is based on a new approach of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) useful for extraction of highly polar compounds, called reversed-phase DLLME (RP-DLLME), followed by liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible (LC-UV/Vis) determination. The variables involved in the RP-DLLME process were studied to provide the best enrichment factors. Under the optimized conditions, a mixture of 750µL of acetone (disperser solvent) and 125µL of water (extraction solvent) was rapidly injected into 5mL of toluene sample solution. The extracts were injected into the LC-UV/Vis system using ammonium acetate 0.02M as mobile phase. After chromatographic separation, the eluate passed throughout a photolysis unit in order to convert NDELA to nitrite, and then it was merged with a flow stream of Griess Reagent and passed throughout a post-column reactor at 50°C to derivatize nitrite into an azo-dye, which was finally measured spectrophotometrically at 540nm. The method was successfully validated showing good linearity, an enrichment factor of 31.5±0.9, limits of detection and quantification of 1.1 and 3.6ngmL-1, respectively, and a good repeatability (RSD <8%). Finally, the proposed analytical method was applied to the determination of NDELA in commercial cosmetic samples of different nature, specifically three lipophilic creams and a hydrophilic shower gel, with good relative recovery values (87 - 117%) thus showing that matrix effects are negligible. These results were compared with those obtained by applying the ISO 10130 official method, which uses the same detection approach. It was concluded that a great improvement in the sensitivity was achieved, whereas the use of organochlorine solvents is avoided and therefore it can be considered as a greener approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Chisvert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan L Benedé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Peiró
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Pedrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Salvador
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Sánchez-Camargo ADP, Parada-Alfonso F, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. On-line coupling of supercritical fluid extraction and chromatographic techniques. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:213-227. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabián Parada-Alfonso
- High Pressure Laboratory; Chemistry Department; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogota D.C. Colombia
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics; Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics; Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC; Madrid Spain
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Recent expansion of pharmaceutical nanotechnologies and targeting strategies in the field of phytopharmaceuticals for the delivery of herbal extracts and bioactives. J Control Release 2016; 241:110-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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81
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Midttun Ø, McCann A, Aarseth O, Krokeide M, Kvalheim G, Meyer K, Ueland PM. Combined Measurement of 6 Fat-Soluble Vitamins and 26 Water-Soluble Functional Vitamin Markers and Amino Acids in 50 μL of Serum or Plasma by High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10427-10436. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Øivind Midttun
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building,
Ninth Floor, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Adrian McCann
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building,
Ninth Floor, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Aarseth
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building,
Ninth Floor, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marit Krokeide
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building,
Ninth Floor, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gry Kvalheim
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building,
Ninth Floor, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department
of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Klaus Meyer
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building,
Ninth Floor, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Per M. Ueland
- Department
of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory
of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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82
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Ferreira VG, Leme GM, Cavalheiro AJ, Funari CS. Online Extraction Coupled to Liquid Chromatography Analysis (OLE-LC): Eliminating Traditional Sample Preparation Steps in the Investigation of Solid Complex Matrices. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8421-7. [PMID: 27494768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Current methods employed for the analysis of the chemical composition of solid matrices (such as plant, animal, or human tissues; soil; etc.) often require many sample treatment steps, including an extraction step with exclusively dedicated solvents. This work describes an optimized analytical setup in which the extraction of a solid sample is directly coupled to its analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. This approach avoids (i) the use of pumps and valves other than those comprising the HPLC instrument, (ii) the use of solvents other than those of the mobile phase, and (iii) the need to stop the mobile phase flow at any time during the full analytical procedure. The compatibility of this approach with the direct analysis of fresh tissues (leaves, stems, and seeds of four plant species with dissimilar chemical compositions) was successfully demonstrated, leading to the elimination of sample preparation steps such as drying, grinding, concentration, dilution, and filtration, among others. This work describes a new, simple, and efficient green approach to minimize or eliminate sample treatment procedures. It could be easily applied for quality control of plant materials and their derived products through chromatographic fingerprints and for untargeted metabolomic investigations of solid matrices, among other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius G Ferreira
- Chemistry Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , 14800-900 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M Leme
- Chemistry Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , 14800-900 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto J Cavalheiro
- Chemistry Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , 14800-900 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano S Funari
- College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Private Bag 237, 18610-307 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania , Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia
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83
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Zhong Z, Li G. Current trends in sample preparation for cosmetic analysis. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:152-169. [PMID: 27333942 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The widespread applications of cosmetics in modern life make their analysis particularly important from a safety point of view. There is a wide variety of restricted ingredients and prohibited substances that primarily influence the safety of cosmetics. Sample preparation for cosmetic analysis is a crucial step as the complex matrices may seriously interfere with the determination of target analytes. In this review, some new developments (2010-2016) in sample preparation techniques for cosmetic analysis, including liquid-phase microextraction, solid-phase microextraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, pressurized liquid extraction, cloud point extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave digestion, are presented. Furthermore, the research and progress in sample preparation techniques and their applications in the separation and purification of allowed ingredients and prohibited substances are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhong
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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84
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Haeri SA. Bio-sorption based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the highly efficient enrichment of trace-level bisphenol A from water samples prior to its determination by HPLC. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1028:186-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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85
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Lin W, Wei S, Jiang R, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Calibration of the complex matrix effects on the sampling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk samples using solid phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 933:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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86
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Zhang Y, Wu D, Yan X, Guan Y. Rapid solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples by a coated through-pore sintered titanium disk. Talanta 2016; 154:400-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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87
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Bioanalytical challenge: A review of environmental and pharmaceuticals contaminants in human milk. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:318-325. [PMID: 27372148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An overview of bioanalytical methods for the determination of environmental and pharmaceutical contaminants in human milk is presented. The exposure of children to these contaminants through lactation has been widely investigated. The human milk contains diverse proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates and the concentration of these components is drastically altered during the lactation period providing a high degree of an analytical challenge. Sample collection and pretreatment are still considered the Achilles' heel. This review presents liquid chromatographic methods developed in the last 10 years for this complex matrix with focuses in the extraction and quantification steps. Green sample preparation protocols have been emphasized.
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88
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Han Q, Liang Q, Zhang X, Yang L, Ding M. Graphene aerogel based monolith for effective solid-phase extraction of trace environmental pollutants from water samples. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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89
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Determination of amphetamines in hair by integrating sample disruption, clean-up and solid phase derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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90
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Cabrera LDC, Caldas SS, Prestes OD, Primel EG, Zanella R. Evaluation of alternative sorbents for dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up in the QuEChERS method for the determination of pesticide residues in rice by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1945-54. [PMID: 27004927 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many compounds are used for pest control during the production and storage of rice, making it necessary to employ multiclass methods for pesticide residues determination. For this purpose, QuEChERS-based methods are very efficient, fast and accurate, and improvements in the clean-up step are important, especially for complex matrices, like cereals. In this work, different sorbents such as chitosan, florisil(®) , alumina, diatomaceous earth, graphitized carbon black, besides the commonly used primary secondary amine and octadecylsilane, were evaluated for dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up in acetate-buffered QuEChERS method for the determination of residues of 20 representative pesticides and one metabolite in rice by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The sorbent C18 presented the best results, however, chitosan showed similar results, and the best performance among the unconventional sorbents evaluated. The method limit of quantification, attending accuracy (70-120% recovery) and precision (RSD ≤20%) criteria, ranged from 5 to 20 μg/kg. Results showed that chitosan is an effective alternative to reduce analysis costs, maintaining the method reliability and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liziara da C Cabrera
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - Campus Realeza, Realeza-PR, Brazil
| | - Sergiane S Caldas
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar D Prestes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Ednei G Primel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
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91
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Saini RK, Keum YS. Tocopherols and tocotrienols in plants and their products: A review on methods of extraction, chromatographic separation, and detection. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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92
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Li X, Mei X, Xu L, Shen X, Zhu W, Hong J, Zhou X. Development and application of novel clonazepam molecularly imprinted coatings for stir bar sorptive extraction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 468:183-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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93
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Kalhor H, Hashemipour S, Yaftian MR. Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification-Microextraction/Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combination: Application for Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Rice Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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94
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Lores M, Llompart M, Alvarez-Rivera G, Guerra E, Vila M, Celeiro M, Lamas JP, Garcia-Jares C. Positive lists of cosmetic ingredients: Analytical methodology for regulatory and safety controls - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 915:1-26. [PMID: 26995636 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetic products placed on the market and their ingredients, must be safe under reasonable conditions of use, in accordance to the current legislation. Therefore, regulated and allowed chemical substances must meet the regulatory criteria to be used as ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products, and adequate analytical methodology is needed to evaluate the degree of compliance. This article reviews the most recent methods (2005-2015) used for the extraction and the analytical determination of the ingredients included in the positive lists of the European Regulation of Cosmetic Products (EC 1223/2009): comprising colorants, preservatives and UV filters. It summarizes the analytical properties of the most relevant analytical methods along with the possibilities of fulfilment of the current regulatory issues. The cosmetic legislation is frequently being updated; consequently, the analytical methodology must be constantly revised and improved to meet safety requirements. The article highlights the most important advances in analytical methodology for cosmetics control, both in relation to the sample pretreatment and extraction and the different instrumental approaches developed to solve this challenge. Cosmetics are complex samples, and most of them require a sample pretreatment before analysis. In the last times, the research conducted covering this aspect, tended to the use of green extraction and microextraction techniques. Analytical methods were generally based on liquid chromatography with UV detection, and gas and liquid chromatographic techniques hyphenated with single or tandem mass spectrometry; but some interesting proposals based on electrophoresis have also been reported, together with some electroanalytical approaches. Regarding the number of ingredients considered for analytical control, single analyte methods have been proposed, although the most useful ones in the real life cosmetic analysis are the multianalyte approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lores
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain.
| | - Maria Llompart
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Eugenia Guerra
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Marlene Vila
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Maria Celeiro
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - J Pablo Lamas
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Jares
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
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95
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Abdelhamid HN. Ionic liquids for mass spectrometry: Matrices, separation and microextraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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96
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Determination of selected environmental contaminants in foraging honeybees. Talanta 2016; 148:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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97
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Rashvand M, Vosough M, Kargosha K. Preparation of magnetic nanographene sorbent for extraction and quantification of targeted PPCPs in environmental water samples. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10675g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano MGO provides the advantages of large surface area and reusability property for enrichment of selected PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Rashvand
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Maryam Vosough
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Kazem Kargosha
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran
- Tehran
- Iran
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98
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Porfírio S, Gomes da Silva MD, Peixe A, Cabrita MJ, Azadi P. Current analytical methods for plant auxin quantification – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 902:8-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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99
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Determination of ultraviolet filters in bathing waters by stir bar sorptive–dispersive microextraction coupled to thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 147:246-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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100
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Ramdzan AN, Barreiros L, Almeida MIG, Kolev SD, Segundo MA. Determination of salivary cotinine through solid phase extraction using a bead-injection lab-on-valve approach hyphenated to hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1429:284-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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