51
|
Tan GY, Liu T. Rational synthetic pathway refactoring of natural products biosynthesis in actinobacteria. Metab Eng 2017; 39:228-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
52
|
Xia H, Wan G, Zhao J, Liu J, Bai Q. Preparation and characterization of monodisperse large-porous silica microspheres as the matrix for protein separation. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1471:138-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
53
|
Fernandez O, Urrutia M, Bernillon S, Giauffret C, Tardieu F, Le Gouis J, Langlade N, Charcosset A, Moing A, Gibon Y. Fortune telling: metabolic markers of plant performance. Metabolomics 2016; 12:158. [PMID: 27729832 PMCID: PMC5025497 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade, metabolomics has emerged as a powerful diagnostic and predictive tool in many branches of science. Researchers in microbes, animal, food, medical and plant science have generated a large number of targeted or non-targeted metabolic profiles by using a vast array of analytical methods (GC-MS, LC-MS, 1H-NMR….). Comprehensive analysis of such profiles using adapted statistical methods and modeling has opened up the possibility of using single or combinations of metabolites as markers. Metabolic markers have been proposed as proxy, diagnostic or predictors of key traits in a range of model species and accurate predictions of disease outbreak frequency, developmental stages, food sensory evaluation and crop yield have been obtained. AIM OF REVIEW (i) To provide a definition of plant performance and metabolic markers, (ii) to highlight recent key applications involving metabolic markers as tools for monitoring or predicting plant performance, and (iii) to propose a workable and cost-efficient pipeline to generate and use metabolic markers with a special focus on plant breeding. KEY MESSAGE Using examples in other models and domains, the review proposes that metabolic markers are tending to complement and possibly replace traditional molecular markers in plant science as efficient estimators of performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fernandez
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Maria Urrutia
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Langlade
- UMR LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Alain Charcosset
- UMR GQE, INRA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, AgroParisTech, Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Annick Moing
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wang Q, Mesaros C, Blair IA. Ultra-high sensitivity analysis of estrogens for special populations in serum and plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Assay considerations and suggested practices. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 162:70-9. [PMID: 26767303 PMCID: PMC4931956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen measurements play an important role in the clinical evaluation of many endocrine disorders as well as in research on the role of hormones in human biology and disease. It remains an analytical challenge to quantify estrogens and their metabolites in specimens from special populations including older men, children, postmenopausal women and women receiving aromatase inhibitors. Historically, immunoassays have been used for measuring estrogens and their metabolites in biological samples for risk assessment. However, the lack of specificity and accuracy of immunoassay-based methods has caused significant problems when interpreting data generated from epidemiological studies and across different laboratories. Stable isotope dilution (SID) methodology coupled with liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (LC-SRM/MS) is now accepted as the 'gold-standard' to quantify estrogens and their metabolites in serum and plasma due to improved specificity, high accuracy, and the ability to monitor multiple estrogens when compared with immunoassays. Ultra-high sensitivity can be obtained with pre-ionized derivatives when using triple quadruple mass spectrometers in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode coupled with nanoflow LC. In this review, we have examined the special issues related to utilizing ultra-high sensitivity SID LC-SRM/MS-based methodology to accurately quantify estrogens and their metabolites in the serum and plasma from populations with low estrogen levels. The major issues that are discussed include: sample preparation for both unconjugated and conjugated estrogens, derivatization, chromatographic separation, matrix effects, and assay validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Penn SRP Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Penn SRP Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ian A Blair
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Penn SRP Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Valen A, Leere Øiestad ÅM, Strand DH, Skari R, Berg T. Determination of 21 drugs in oral fluid using fully automated supported liquid extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS. Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:808-823. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Valen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Drug Abuse Research; Lovisenberggata 6 Oslo 0456 Norway
| | - Åse Marit Leere Øiestad
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Drug Abuse Research; Lovisenberggata 6 Oslo 0456 Norway
| | - Dag Helge Strand
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Drug Abuse Research; Lovisenberggata 6 Oslo 0456 Norway
| | - Ragnhild Skari
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Drug Abuse Research; Lovisenberggata 6 Oslo 0456 Norway
| | - Thomas Berg
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Drug Abuse Research; Lovisenberggata 6 Oslo 0456 Norway
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Wu R, Ma F, Zhang L, Li P, Li G, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Wang X. Simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in sesame oil using LC–MS/MS combined with magnetic carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Food Chem 2016; 204:334-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
57
|
Pre-analytical and analytical validations and clinical applications of a miniaturized, simple and cost-effective solid phase extraction combined with LC-MS/MS for the simultaneous determination of catecholamines and metanephrines in spot urine samples. Talanta 2016; 159:238-247. [PMID: 27474304 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It remains a challenge to simultaneously quantify catecholamines and metanephrines in a simple, sensitive and cost-effective manner due to pre-analytical and analytical constraints. Herein, we describe such a method consisting of a miniaturized sample preparation and selective LC-MS/MS detection by the use of second morning spot urine samples. Ten microliters of second morning urine sample were subjected to solid phase extraction on an Oasis HLB microplate upon complexation with phenylboronic acid. The analytes were well-resolved on a Luna PFP column followed by tandem mass spectrometric detection. Full validation and suitability of spot urine sampling and biological variation were investigated. The extraction recovery and matrix effect are 74.1-97.3% and 84.1-119.0%, respectively. The linearity range is 2.5-500, 0.5-500, 2.5-1250, 2.5-1250 and 0.5-1250ng/mL for norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, normetanephrine and metanephrine, respectively. The intra- and inter-assay imprecisions are ≤9.4% for spiked quality control samples, and the respective recoveries are 97.2-112.5% and 95.9-104.0%. The Deming regression slope is 0.90-1.08, and the mean Bland-Altman percentage difference is from -3.29 to 11.85 between a published and proposed method (n=50). A correlation observed for the spot and 24h urine collections is significant (n=20, p<0.0001, r: 0.84-0.95, slope: 0.61-0.98). No statistical differences are found in day-to-day biological variability (n=20). Reference intervals are established for an apparently healthy population (n=88). The developed method, being practical, sensitive, reliable and cost-effective, is expected to set a new stage for routine testing, basic research and clinical applications.
Collapse
|
58
|
Sistik P, Turjap M, Iordache AM, Saldanha HM, Lemr K, Bednar P. Quantification of selected antidepressants and antipsychotics in clinical samples using chromatographic methods combined with mass spectrometry: A review (2006-2015). Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:39-53. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
59
|
Muthu P, Lutz S. Quantitative Detection of Nucleoside Analogues by Multi-enzyme Biosensors using Time-Resolved Kinetic Measurements. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:660-6. [PMID: 26934468 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fast, simple and cost-effective methods for detecting and quantifying pharmaceutical agents in patients are highly sought after to replace equipment and labor-intensive analytical procedures. The development of new diagnostic technology including portable detection devices also enables point-of-care by non-specialists in resource-limited environments. We have focused on the detection and dose monitoring of nucleoside analogues used in viral and cancer therapies. Using deoxyribonucleoside kinases (dNKs) as biosensors, our chemometric model compares observed time-resolved kinetics of unknown analytes to known substrate interactions across multiple enzymes. The resulting dataset can simultaneously identify and quantify multiple nucleosides and nucleoside analogues in complex sample mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Muthu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Stefan Lutz
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Abstract
Background: Statins are the microsomal 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Some recent studies revealed also the extra-lipid effects and anticancer activities. Due to the wide incidence of cancer diseases, the number of studies dealing with anticancer statin activities has grown in recent years. Development of one universal multistatin method will be a very convenient way of providing practical and economical multiple statin analysis. Results/methodology: Fast and sensitive methods for determination of seven clinically relevant statins, their interconversion products and metabolites (17 analytes in total) in biological samples using microextraction by packed sorbent for sample preparation and UHPLC–MS/MS for subsequent analysis were developed and validated. Three MS platforms with different ion sources, transfer optics, collision cell technologies and scan speed parameters were compared. Conclusion: Significant differences among the methods were observed in terms of selectivity and sensitivity. Microextraction by packed sorbent was successful in the extraction of all 17 analytes from biological matrix.
Collapse
|
61
|
de Raad M, Fischer CR, Northen TR. High-throughput platforms for metabolomics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 30:7-13. [PMID: 26544850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has become a choice method for broad-spectrum metabolite analysis in both fundamental and applied research. This can range from comprehensive analysis achieved through time-consuming chromatography to the rapid analysis of a few target metabolites without chromatography. In this review article, we highlight current high-throughput MS-based platforms and their potential application in metabolomics. Although current MS platforms can reach throughputs up to 0.5 seconds per sample, the metabolite coverage of these platforms are low compared to low-throughput, separation-based MS methods. High-throughput comes at a cost, as it's a trade-off between sample throughput and metabolite coverage. As we will discuss, promising emerging technologies, including microfluidics and miniaturization of separation techniques, have the potential to achieve both rapid and more comprehensive metabolite analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus de Raad
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Curt R Fischer
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Trent R Northen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Schlittenbauer L, Seiwert B, Reemtsma T. Matrix effects in human urine analysis using multi-targeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1415:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
63
|
Bioanalytical method for in vitro metabolism study of repaglinide using 96-blade thin-film solid-phase microextraction and LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:65-77. [PMID: 25558936 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high-throughput bioanalytical method using 96-blade thin film microextraction (TFME) and LC-MS/MS for the analysis of repaglinide (RPG) and two of its main metabolites was developed and used for an in vitro metabolism study. RESULTS The target analytes were extracted from human microsomal medium by a 96-blade-TFME system employing the low-cost prototype 'SPME multi-sampler' using C18 coating. Method validation showed recoveries around 90% for all analytes and was linear over the concentration range of 2-1000 ng ml(-1) for RPG and of 2-500 ng ml(-1) for each RPG metabolite. CONCLUSION The method was applied to an in vitro metabolism study of RPG employing human liver microsomes and proved to be very useful for this purpose.
Collapse
|
64
|
Supercritical fluid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:56-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
65
|
Tailored 96-well μElution solid-phase extraction combined with UFLC-MS/MS: a significantly improved approach for determination of free 3-nitrotyrosine in human urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7703-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
66
|
Zhao L, Li F. UHPLC-MS strategies and applications for bioanalyses related to pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
67
|
Nováková L, Havlíková L, Vlčková H. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography of polar and ionizable compounds by UHPLC. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
68
|
Fernández-Ramos C, Šatínský D, Šmídová B, Solich P. Analysis of trace organic compounds in environmental, food and biological matrices using large-volume sample injection in column-switching liquid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
69
|
Spínola V, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Castilho PC. Determination of vitamin C in foods: current state of method validation. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1369:2-17. [PMID: 25441066 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C is one of the most important vitamins, so reliable information about its content in foodstuffs is a concern to both consumers and quality control agencies. However, the heterogeneity of food matrixes and the potential degradation of this vitamin during its analysis create enormous challenges. This review addresses the development and validation of high-performance liquid chromatography methods for vitamin C analysis in food commodities, during the period 2000-2014. The main characteristics of vitamin C are mentioned, along with the strategies adopted by most authors during sample preparation (freezing and acidification) to avoid vitamin oxidation. After that, the advantages and handicaps of different analytical methods are discussed. Finally, the main aspects concerning method validation for vitamin C analysis are critically discussed. Parameters such as selectivity, linearity, limit of quantification, and accuracy were studied by most authors. Recovery experiments during accuracy evaluation were in general satisfactory, with usual values between 81 and 109%. However, few methods considered vitamin C stability during the analytical process, and the study of the precision was not always clear or complete. Potential future improvements regarding proper method validation are indicated to conclude this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Spínola
- Centro de Química da Madeira (CQM), Centro de Ciências Exactas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Eulogio J Llorent-Martínez
- Centro de Química da Madeira (CQM), Centro de Ciências Exactas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal; Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Paula C Castilho
- Centro de Química da Madeira (CQM), Centro de Ciências Exactas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Vlčková H, El-Beqqali A, Nováková L, Solich P, Abdel-Rehim M. Determination of amphetamine and methadone in human urine by microextraction by packed sorbent coupled directly to mass spectrometry: an alternative for rapid clinical and forensic analysis. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3306-13. [PMID: 25187252 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Speed and low cost, together with regulatory approval, are the most important requirements of clinical assays. Therefore, a fast and automated on-line sample preparation method is essential for the routine analysis of biological samples. Microextraction by packed sorbent is an option for optimal sample preparation due to its easy automation, minimal requirements for the sample and elution solvent volumes, elimination of evaporation and reconstitution steps, and ability to integrate sample preparation and injection into one step. The use of effective sample preparation steps circumvents the need for chromatographic separation and therefore allows more rapid and less expensive sample analysis in clinical and forensic practice. Two biologically active compounds, amphetamine and methadone, were chosen as representative drugs of abuse for the application of microextraction by packed sorbent coupled directly to mass spectrometry. The developed method was validated, with the results confirming the suitability of the combination of these techniques for the analysis of biological samples. The approach was confirmed to be appropriate for use in clinical and forensic practice with regard to cost and time requirements for analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Vlčková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Borges EM. Silica, hybrid silica, hydride silica and non-silica stationary phases for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:580-97. [PMID: 25234386 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Free silanols on the surface of silica are the "villains", which are responsible for detrimental interactions of those compounds and the stationary phase (i.e., bad peak shape, low efficiency) as well as low thermal and chemical stability. For these reasons, we began this review describing new silica and hybrid silica stationary phases, which have reduced and/or shielded silanols. At present, in liquid chromatography for the majority of analyses, reversed-phase liquid chromatography is the separation mode of choice. However, the needs for increased selectivity and increased retention of hydrophilic bases have substantially increased the interest in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Therefore, stationary phases and this mode of separation are discussed. Then, non-silica stationary phases (i.e., zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, alumina and porous graphitized carbon), which afford increased thermal and chemical stability and also selectivity different from those obtained with silica and hybrid silica, are discussed. In addition, the use of these materials in HILIC is also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endler M Borges
- Núcleo Biotecnológico, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Rua Paese, 198, Bairro Universitário-Bloco K. Videira, SC CEP 89560-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ohta Y, Iwamoto S, Kawabata SI, Tanimura R, Tanaka K. Salt Tolerance Enhancement of Liquid Chromatography-Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Using Matrix Additive Methylenediphosphonic Acid. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2014; 3:A0031. [PMID: 26819873 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a highly sensitive analytical technique that is often coupled with liquid chromatography (LC). However, some buffering salts used in LC (e.g., phosphate and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris)) are incompatible with MS since they cause ion-source contamination and signal suppression. In this study, we examined salt tolerance of MALDI and applied a matrix additive methylenediphosphonic acid (MDPNA) to reduce salt-induced signal suppression. MDPNA significantly improved the salt tolerance of MALDI-MS. Using ammonium formate buffer at pH 5.0, the effective range of buffering salt concentration in MALDI-MS using MDPNA was estimated up to 250 mM. MDPNA reduced signal suppression caused by buffering salts at pH 4.0 to 8.0. We observed that MDPNA effectively worked over a wide range of buffer conditions. MDPNA was further applied to hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and chromatofocusing-MALDI-MS. As a result, the analytes in the eluent containing high-concentration salts were detected with high sensitivity. Thus, our study provides simple and fast LC-MALDI-MS analysis technique not having strict limitation of buffering condition in LC by using matrix additive MDPNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ohta
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation
| | - Shinichi Iwamoto
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation
| | | | - Ritsuko Tanimura
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation
| | - Koichi Tanaka
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Schmitt S, Höfner G, Wanner KT. MS Transport Assays for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporters—An Efficient Alternative for Radiometric Assays. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7575-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501366r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacy—Center
for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße
7, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy—Center
for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße
7, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy—Center
for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße
7, 81377 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Ramírez Fernández MDM, Van Durme F, Wille SM, di Fazio V, Kummer N, Samyn N. Validation of an Automated Solid-Phase Extraction Method for the Analysis of 23 Opioids, Cocaine, and Metabolites in Urine with Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2014; 38:280-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bku024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
75
|
Multi-target screening of biological samples using LC–MS/MS: focus on chromatographic innovations. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1255-73. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-target screening of biological fluids is a key tool in clinical and forensic toxicology. A complete toxicological analysis encompasses the sample preparation, the chromatographic separation and the detection. The present review briefly covers the new trends in sample preparation and detection and mainly focuses on the chromatographic stage, since a lot of technical improvements have been proposed over the last years. Among them, columns packed with sub-2 μm fully porous particles and sub-3 μm core-shell particles allow for significant improvements of resolution and higher throughput. Even if reversed-phase LC remains the most widely used chromatographic mode for toxicological screening, hydrophilic interaction chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography appear as promising alternatives for attaining orthogonal selectivity, retention of polar compounds, and enhanced MS sensitivity.
Collapse
|
76
|
Simple and Robust Analysis of Cefuroxime in Human Plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to a Bioequivalence Study. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2014; 2014:981624. [PMID: 24864138 PMCID: PMC4017793 DOI: 10.1155/2014/981624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, robust LC-MS/MS assay for quantifying cefuroxime in human plasma was developed. Cefuroxime and tazobactam, as internal standard (IS), were extracted from human plasma by methanol to precipitate protein. Separation was achieved on a Zorbax SB-Aq (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μ m) column under isocratic conditions. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 0.0525-21.0 μ g/mL (r = 0.9998). The accuracy was higher than 90.92%, while the intra- and interday precision were less than 6.26%. The extraction procedure provides recovery ranged from 89.44% to 92.32%, for both analyte and IS. Finally, the method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of a single 500 mg dose of cefuroxime axetil in 22 healthy Chinese male subjects under fasting condition. Bioequivalence was determined by calculating 90% Cls for the ratios of C max, AUC0-t , and AUC0-∞ values for the test and reference products, using logarithmic transformed data. The 90% Cls for the ratios of C max (91.4%~104.2%), AUC0-t (97.4%~110.9%), and AUC0-∞ (97.6%~111.1%) values were within the predetermined range. It was concluded that the two formulations (test for capsule, reference for tablet) analyzed were bioequivalent in terms of rate and extent of absorption and the method met the principle of quick and easy clinical analysis.
Collapse
|
77
|
Berg T, Karlsen M, Oiestad AML, Johansen JE, Liu H, Strand DH. Evaluation of ¹³C- and ²H-labeled internal standards for the determination of amphetamines in biological samples, by reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1344:83-90. [PMID: 24780257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotope-labeled internal standards (SIL-ISs) are often used when applying liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyze for legal and illegal drugs. ISs labeled with (13)C, (15)N, and (18)O are expected to behave more closely to their corresponding unlabeled analytes, compared with that of the more classically used (2)H-labeled ISs. This study has investigated the behavior of amphetamine, (2)H3-, (2)H5, (2)H6-, (2)H8-, (2)H11-, and (13)C6-labeled amphetamine, during sample preparation by liquid-liquid extraction and LC-MS/MS analyses. None or only minor differences in liquid-liquid extraction recoveries of amphetamine and the SIL-ISs were observed. The chromatographic resolution between amphetamine and the (2)H-labeled amphetamines increased with the number of (2)H-substitutes. For chromatographic studies we also included seven additional (13)C6-amphetamines and their analytes. All the (13)C6-labeled ISs were co-eluting with their analytes, both when a basic and when an acidic mobile phase were used. MS/MS analyses of amphetamine and its SIL-ISs showed that the ISs with the highest number of (2)H-substitutes required more energy for fragmentation in the collision cell compared with that of the ISs with a lower number. The findings, in this study, support those of previous studies, showing that (13)C-labeled ISs are superior to (2)H-labeled ISs, for analytical purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Berg
- Division of Forensic Medicine and Drug Abuse Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Ase Marit Leere Oiestad
- Division of Forensic Medicine and Drug Abuse Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Dag Helge Strand
- Division of Forensic Medicine and Drug Abuse Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
HILIC UHPLC-MS/MS for fast and sensitive bioanalysis: accounting for matrix effects in method development. Bioanalysis 2014; 5:2345-57. [PMID: 24066620 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix effects are considered to be a main obstacle of quantitative bioanalytical LC-MS/MS methods. Therefore it is often required to minimize them in order to increase method reliability. HILIC has been referenced as one of possible approaches. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence in scientific literature so far. METHODOLOGY Matrix effects were evaluated using spiked serum samples after SPE and protein precipitation prior to UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Chromatography was performed in both HILIC and reversed-phase mode. The influence of the matrix effects on the signal response was assessed using a set of 34 compounds of pharmaceutical interest and post-extraction addition approach. RESULTS The advantages and drawbacks of the HILIC and reversed-phase chromatographic modes were compared and discussed in detail. CONCLUSION HILIC demonstrated the potential to reduce the occurrence of matrix effects when a more thorough sample pretreatment procedure such as SPE was applied.
Collapse
|
79
|
Karlsen M, Liu H, Berg T, Johansen JE, Hoff BH. Synthesis of [13C6]-labelled phenethylamine derivatives for drug quantification in biological samples. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:378-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Karlsen
- Department of Chemistry; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Høgskoleringen 5 NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
- Chiron AS; Stiklestadveien 1 7041 Trondheim Norway
| | - HuiLing Liu
- Chiron AS; Stiklestadveien 1 7041 Trondheim Norway
| | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Forensic Toxicology and Drug Abuse; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; PO Box 4404 Nydalen N-0403 Oslo Norway
| | | | - Bård Helge Hoff
- Department of Chemistry; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Høgskoleringen 5 NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
|
81
|
Nanita SC. Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Independence from Matrix Effects and Detector Saturation Achieved by Flow Injection Analysis with Real-Time Infinite Dilution. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11866-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402567w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C. Nanita
- DuPont
Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, Delaware 19714, United States
| |
Collapse
|