51
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Beloin C, McDougald D. Speciality Grand Challenge for "Biofilms". Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:632429. [PMID: 33692967 PMCID: PMC7937965 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.632429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Beloin
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, Paris, France
| | - Diane McDougald
- iîhree lnstitute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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52
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Kaur A, Soni SK, Vij S, Rishi P. Cocktail of carbohydrases from Aspergillus niger: an economical and eco-friendly option for biofilm clearance from biopolymer surfaces. AMB Express 2021; 11:22. [PMID: 33538938 PMCID: PMC7862497 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation on both biotic and abiotic surfaces accounts for a major factor in spread of antimicrobial resistance. Due to their ubiquitous nature, biofilms are of great concern for environment as well as human health. In the present study, an integrated process for the co-production of a cocktail of carbohydrases from a natural variant of Aspergillus niger was designed. The enzyme cocktail was found to have a noteworthy potential to eradicate/disperse the biofilms of selected pathogens. For application of enzymes as an antibiofilm agent, the enzyme productivities were enhanced by statistical modelling using response surface methodology (RSM). The antibiofilm potential of the enzyme cocktail was studied in terms of (i) in vitro cell dispersal assay (ii) release of reducing sugars from the biofilm polysaccharides (iii) the effect of enzyme treatment on biofilm cells and architecture by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Potential of the enzyme cocktail to disrupt/disperse the biofilm of selected pathogens from biopolymer surfaces was also assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. Further, their usage in conjunction with antibiotics was assessed and it was inferred from the results that the use of enzyme cocktail augmented the efficacy of the antibiotics. The study thus provides promising insights into the prospect of using multiple carbohydrases for management of heterogeneous biofilms formed in natural and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arashdeep Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Soni
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shania Vij
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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53
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Silveira GGOS, Torres MDT, Ribeiro CFA, Meneguetti BT, Carvalho CME, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Franco OL, Cardoso MH. Antibiofilm Peptides: Relevant Preclinical Animal Infection Models and Translational Potential. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:55-73. [PMID: 33615161 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-forming bacteria may be 10-1000 times more resistant to antibiotics than planktonic bacteria and represent about 75% of bacterial infections in humans. Antibiofilm treatments are scarce, and no effective therapies have been reported so far. In this context, antibiofilm peptides (ABPs) represent an exciting class of agents with potent activity against biofilms both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, murine models of bacterial biofilm infections have been used to evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of ABPs. Therefore, here we highlight the translational potential of ABPs and provide an overview of the different clinically relevant murine models to assess ABP efficacy, including wound, foreign body, chronic lung, and oral models of infection. We discuss key challenges to translate ABPs to the clinic and the pros and cons of the existing murine biofilm models for reliable assessment of the efficacy of ABPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine G O S Silveira
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil
| | - Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Camila F A Ribeiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil
| | - Beatriz T Meneguetti
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil
| | - Cristiano M E Carvalho
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Marlon H Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-010, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal 71966-700, Brazil
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54
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Alves-Barroco C, Paquete-Ferreira J, Santos-Silva T, Fernandes AR. Singularities of Pyogenic Streptococcal Biofilms - From Formation to Health Implication. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:584947. [PMID: 33424785 PMCID: PMC7785724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are generally defined as communities of cells involved in a self-produced extracellular matrix adhered to a surface. In biofilms, the bacteria are less sensitive to host defense mechanisms and antimicrobial agents, due to multiple strategies, that involve modulation of gene expression, controlled metabolic rate, intercellular communication, composition, and 3D architecture of the extracellular matrix. These factors play a key role in streptococci pathogenesis, contributing to therapy failure and promoting persistent infections. The species of the pyogenic group together with Streptococcus pneumoniae are the major pathogens belonging the genus Streptococcus, and its biofilm growth has been investigated, but insights in the genetic origin of biofilm formation are limited. This review summarizes pyogenic streptococci biofilms with details on constitution, formation, and virulence factors associated with formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Alves-Barroco
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Paquete-Ferreira
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Teresa Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
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55
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Voss A, Pfeifer CG, Kerschbaum M, Rupp M, Angele P, Alt V. Post-operative septic arthritis after arthroscopy: modern diagnostic and therapeutic concepts. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:3149-3158. [PMID: 33755737 PMCID: PMC8458194 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Septic arthritis is a significant complication following arthroscopic surgery, with an estimated overall incidence of less than 1%. Despite the low incidence, an appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic pathway is required to avoid serious long-term consequences, eradicate the infection, and ensure good treatment outcomes. The aim of this current review article is to summarize evidence-based literature regarding diagnostic and therapeutic options of post-operative septic arthritis after arthroscopy. METHODS Through a literature review, up-to-date treatment algorithms and therapies have been identified. Additionally, a supportive new algorithm is proposed for diagnosis and treatment of suspected septic arthritis following arthroscopic intervention. RESULTS A major challenge in diagnostics is the differentiation of the post-operative status between a non-infected hyperinflammatory joint versus septic arthritis, due to clinical symptoms, (e.g., rubor, calor, or tumor) can appear identical. Therefore, joint puncture for microbiological evaluation, especially for fast leukocyte cell-count diagnostics, is advocated. A cell count of more than 20.000 leukocyte/µl with more than 70% of polymorphonuclear cells is the generally accepted threshold for septic arthritis. CONCLUSION The therapy is based on arthroscopic or open surgical debridement for synovectomy and irrigation of the joint, in combination with an adequate antibiotic therapy for 6-12 weeks. Removal of indwelling hardware, such as interference screws for ACL repair or anchors for rotator cuff repair, is recommended in chronic cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Voss
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Sporthopaedicum, Regensburg, Straubing, Germany.
| | - Christian G Pfeifer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kerschbaum
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Rupp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Angele
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Sporthopaedicum, Regensburg, Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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56
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Mihai AD, Chircov C, Grumezescu AM, Holban AM. Magnetite Nanoparticles and Essential Oils Systems for Advanced Antibacterial Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197355. [PMID: 33027980 PMCID: PMC7582471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have attracted considerable interest in the past few years, with increasing evidence of their antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and insecticidal effects. However, as they are highly volatile, the administration of EOs to achieve the desired effects is challenging. Therefore, nanotechnology-based strategies for developing nanoscaled carriers for their efficient delivery might offer potential solutions. Owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, ability to target a tissue specifically, and primary structures that allow for the attachment of various therapeutics, magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) are an example of such nanocarriers that could be used for the efficient delivery of EOs for antimicrobial therapies. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the use of EOs as antibacterial agents when coupled with magnetite nanoparticles (NPs), emphasizing the synthesis, properties and functionalization of such NPs to enhance their efficiency. In this manner, systems comprising EOs and MNPs could offer potential solutions that could overcome the challenges associated with biofilm formation on prosthetic devices and antibiotic-resistant bacteria by ensuring a controlled and sustained release of the antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio David Mihai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Chircov
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.M.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +40-21-318-1000
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1–3 Portocalelor Lane, Sector 5, 77206 Bucharest, Romania; or
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57
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Soares A, Alexandre K, Etienne M. Tolerance and Persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Biofilms Exposed to Antibiotics: Molecular Mechanisms, Antibiotic Strategies and Therapeutic Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2057. [PMID: 32973737 PMCID: PMC7481396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-related infections are difficult to treat with antibiotics. Along the different layers of the biofilm, the P. aeruginosa population is heterogeneous, exhibiting an extreme ability to adapt his metabolic activity to the local microenvironment. At the deepest layers of the biofilm is a subset of dormant cells, called persister cells. Though antimicrobial failure might be multifactorial, it is now demonstrated that these persister cells, genetically identical to a fully susceptible strain, but phenotypically divergent, are highly tolerant to antibiotics, and contribute to antimicrobial failure. By eradicating susceptible, metabolically active cells, antibiotics bring out pre-existing persister cells. The biofilm mode of growth creates microenvironment conditions that activate stringent response mechanisms, SOS response and toxin-antitoxin systems that render the bacterial population highly tolerant to antibiotics. Using diverse, not standardized, models of biofilm infection, a large panel of antibiotic regimen has been evaluated. They demonstrated that biofilm growth had an unequal impact of antibiotic activity, colistin and meropenem being the less impacted antibiotics. Different combination and sequential antimicrobial therapies were also evaluated, and could be partially efficient, but none succeeded in eradicating persister cells, so that non-antibiotic alternative strategies are currently under development. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms involved in antibiotic tolerance and persistence in P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. A review of the antimicrobial regimen evaluated for the treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilm infection is also presented. While tremendous progress has been made in the understanding of biofilm-related infections, alternative non-antibiotic strategies are now urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Soares
- GRAM 2.0, EA 2656, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Kévin Alexandre
- GRAM 2.0, EA 2656, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France.,Infectious Diseases Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Manuel Etienne
- GRAM 2.0, EA 2656, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France.,Infectious Diseases Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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58
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Milazzo M, Gallone G, Marcello E, Mariniello MD, Bruschini L, Roy I, Danti S. Biodegradable Polymeric Micro/Nano-Structures with Intrinsic Antifouling/Antimicrobial Properties: Relevance in Damaged Skin and Other Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11030060. [PMID: 32825113 PMCID: PMC7563177 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial colonization of implanted biomedical devices is the main cause of healthcare-associated infections, estimated to be 8.8 million per year in Europe. Many infections originate from damaged skin, which lets microorganisms exploit injuries and surgical accesses as passageways to reach the implant site and inner organs. Therefore, an effective treatment of skin damage is highly desirable for the success of many biomaterial-related surgical procedures. Due to gained resistance to antibiotics, new antibacterial treatments are becoming vital to control nosocomial infections arising as surgical and post-surgical complications. Surface coatings can avoid biofouling and bacterial colonization thanks to biomaterial inherent properties (e.g., super hydrophobicity), specifically without using drugs, which may cause bacterial resistance. The focus of this review is to highlight the emerging role of degradable polymeric micro- and nano-structures that show intrinsic antifouling and antimicrobial properties, with a special outlook towards biomedical applications dealing with skin and skin damage. The intrinsic properties owned by the biomaterials encompass three main categories: (1) physical–mechanical, (2) chemical, and (3) electrostatic. Clinical relevance in ear prostheses and breast implants is reported. Collecting and discussing the updated outcomes in this field would help the development of better performing biomaterial-based antimicrobial strategies, which are useful to prevent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Milazzo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Gallone
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Elena Marcello
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Maria Donatella Mariniello
- Doctoral School in Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Doctoral School in Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.D.)
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59
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Zhang K, Li X, Yu C, Wang Y. Promising Therapeutic Strategies Against Microbial Biofilm Challenges. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:359. [PMID: 32850471 PMCID: PMC7399198 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that are attached to a biological or abiotic surface and are surrounded by a self-produced extracellular matrix. Cells within a biofilm have intrinsic characteristics that are different from those of planktonic cells. Biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents has drawn increasing attention. It is well-known that medical device- and tissue-associated biofilms may be the leading cause for the failure of antibiotic treatments and can cause many chronic infections. The eradication of biofilms is very challenging. Many researchers are working to address biofilm-related infections, and some novel strategies have been developed and identified as being effective and promising. Nevertheless, more preclinical studies and well-designed multicenter clinical trials are critically needed to evaluate the prospects of these strategies. Here, we review information about the mechanisms underlying the drug resistance of biofilms and discuss recent progress in alternative therapies and promising strategies against microbial biofilms. We also summarize the strengths and weaknesses of these strategies in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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