1
|
Triebel H, Castrop H. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:705-713. [PMID: 38233636 PMCID: PMC11033231 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we will cover (i) the proteolytic cascade of the RAAS, (ii) its regulation by multiple feedback-controlled parameters, and (iii) the major effects of the RAAS. For the effects of the RAAS, we focus on the role of the RAAS in the regulation of volume homeostasis and vascular tone, as major determinants of arterial blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Triebel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hayo Castrop
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heider D, Stetefeld H, Meisel A, Bösel J, Artho M, Linker R, Angstwurm K, Neumann B. POLAR: prediction of prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with myasthenic crisis. J Neurol 2024; 271:2875-2879. [PMID: 38329540 PMCID: PMC11055720 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Heider
- Department of Machine Learning for Medical Data, Institute for Computer Science, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Data Science in Biomedicine, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Henning Stetefeld
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Department of Neurology With Experimental Neurology, Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Bösel
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie Artho
- Department of Data Science in Biomedicine, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Linker
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Bezirksklinikum, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klemens Angstwurm
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Bezirksklinikum, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Neumann
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Bezirksklinikum, Regensburg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Donau-Isar-Klinikum Deggendorf, Perlasberger Straße 41, 94469, Deggendorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brunner LM, Riebel M, Wein S, Koller M, Zeman F, Huppertz G, Emmer T, Eberhardt Y, Schwarzbach J, Rupprecht R, Nothdurfter C. The translocator protein 18kDa ligand etifoxine in the treatment of depressive disorders-a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study. Trials 2024; 25:274. [PMID: 38650030 PMCID: PMC11034134 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent developments suggest that neurosteroids may achieve rapid antidepressant effects. As such, neurosteroidogenesis mediated by the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) might constitute a promising option for the treatment of depression. Therefore, the current clinical trial aims to get the first evidence of whether TPSO ligands promote rapid antidepressant effects. Furthermore, we study which mechanisms of action, e.g., modulation of distinct neuronal networks, neurosteroidogenesis, endocrinological mechanisms, TSPO expression or microbiome composition, contribute to their putative antidepressant effects. METHODS This is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind single-center trial of 2-week treatment with the TSPO ligand etifoxine versus placebo in depressive patients. Main eligibility criteria: male or female individuals aged 18 to 65 years with unipolar/bipolar depressive disorder with no other psychiatric main diagnosis or acute neurological/somatic disorder or drug/alcohol dependence during their lifetime. The primary endpoint is the time point at which 50% of the maximal effect has occurred (ET50) estimated by the scores of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-21). A total of 20 patients per group are needed to detect changes of therapeutic efficacy about 5% and changes of ET50 about 10% with a power of 70%. Assuming a drop-out rate of 10-20%, 50 patients will be randomized in total. The study will be conducted at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the University of Regensburg. DISCUSSION This study will provide a first proof-of-concept on the potential of the TSPO ligand etifoxine in the treatment of depressive disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT number: 2021-006773-38 , registration date: 14 September 2022) and German Register of Clinical Studies (DRKS number: DRKS00031099 , registration date: 23 January 2023).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Brunner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Marco Riebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Wein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Koller
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Zeman
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Huppertz
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Emmer
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Eberhardt
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schwarzbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Nothdurfter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Azzam S, Tomasova L, Danner C, Skiba M, Klein M, Guttenberg Z, Michaelis S, Wegener J. A high-precision wound healing assay based on photosensitized culture substrates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9103. [PMID: 38643292 PMCID: PMC11032384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantitative assessment of cell migration in vitro is often required in fundamental and applied research from different biomedical areas including wound repair, tumor metastasis or developmental biology. A collection of assays has been established throughout the years like the most widely used scratch assay or the so-called barrier assay. It is the principle of these assays to introduce a lesion into an otherwise confluent monolayer in order to study the migration of cells from the periphery into this artificial wound and determine the migration rate from the time necessary for wound closure. A novel assay makes use of photosensitizers doped into a polystyrene matrix. A thin layer of this composite material is coated on the bottom of regular cell culture ware showing perfect biocompatibility. When adherent cells are grown on this coating, resonant excitation of the photosensitizer induces a very local generation of 1O2, which kills the cells residing at the site of illumination. Cells outside the site of illumination are not harmed. When excitation of the photosensitizer is conducted by microscopic illumination, high-precision wounding in any size and geometry is available even in microfluidic channels. Besides proof-of-concept experiments, this study gives further insight into the mechanism of photosensitizer-mediated cell wounding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saphia Azzam
- Institut Fuer Analytische Chemie, Chemo- & Biosensorik, Universitaet Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lea Tomasova
- Ibidi GmbH, Lochhamer Schlag 11, 82166, Graefelfing, Germany
| | - Carina Danner
- Institut Fuer Analytische Chemie, Chemo- & Biosensorik, Universitaet Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Skiba
- Institut Fuer Analytische Chemie, Chemo- & Biosensorik, Universitaet Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maren Klein
- Institut Fuer Analytische Chemie, Chemo- & Biosensorik, Universitaet Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zeno Guttenberg
- Ibidi GmbH, Lochhamer Schlag 11, 82166, Graefelfing, Germany
| | - Stefanie Michaelis
- Fraunhofer-Institut Fuer Elektronische Mikrosysteme Und Festkoerper-Technologien EMFT, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wegener
- Institut Fuer Analytische Chemie, Chemo- & Biosensorik, Universitaet Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Fraunhofer-Institut Fuer Elektronische Mikrosysteme Und Festkoerper-Technologien EMFT, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weber A, van Hees VT, Stein MJ, Gastell S, Steindorf K, Herbolsheimer F, Ostrzinski S, Pischon T, Brandes M, Krist L, Marschollek M, Greiser KH, Nimptsch K, Brandes B, Jochem C, Sedlmeier AM, Berger K, Brenner H, Buck C, Castell S, Dörr M, Emmel C, Fischer B, Flexeder C, Harth V, Hebestreit A, Heise JK, Holleczek B, Keil T, Koch-Gallenkamp L, Lieb W, Meinke-Franze C, Michels KB, Mikolajczyk R, Kluttig A, Obi N, Peters A, Schmidt B, Schipf S, Schulze MB, Teismann H, Waniek S, Willich SN, Leitzmann MF, Baurecht H. Large-scale assessment of physical activity in a population using high-resolution hip-worn accelerometry: the German National Cohort (NAKO). Sci Rep 2024; 14:7927. [PMID: 38575636 PMCID: PMC10995156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58461-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Large population-based cohort studies utilizing device-based measures of physical activity are crucial to close important research gaps regarding the potential protective effects of physical activity on chronic diseases. The present study details the quality control processes and the derivation of physical activity metrics from 100 Hz accelerometer data collected in the German National Cohort (NAKO). During the 2014 to 2019 baseline assessment, a subsample of NAKO participants wore a triaxial ActiGraph accelerometer on their right hip for seven consecutive days. Auto-calibration, signal feature calculations including Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO) and Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD), identification of non-wear time, and imputation, were conducted using the R package GGIR version 2.10-3. A total of 73,334 participants contributed data for accelerometry analysis, of whom 63,236 provided valid data. The average ENMO was 11.7 ± 3.7 mg (milli gravitational acceleration) and the average MAD was 19.9 ± 6.1 mg. Notably, acceleration summary metrics were higher in men than women and diminished with increasing age. Work generated in the present study will facilitate harmonized analysis, reproducibility, and utilization of NAKO accelerometry data. The NAKO accelerometry dataset represents a valuable asset for physical activity research and will be accessible through a specified application process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Weber
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | - Michael J Stein
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Gastell
- NAKO Study Center, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Karen Steindorf
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Herbolsheimer
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ostrzinski
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirko Brandes
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lilian Krist
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10098, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Marschollek
- Hannover Medical School, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karin Halina Greiser
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Berit Brandes
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Carmen Jochem
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja M Sedlmeier
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Buck
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Castell
- Department for Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Brunswick, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carina Emmel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Beate Fischer
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Seewartenstraße 10, 20459, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jana-Kristin Heise
- Department for Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Brunswick, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10098, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- State Institute of Health I, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Koch-Gallenkamp
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Meinke-Franze
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karin B Michels
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics, Medical Faculty of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Kluttig
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics, Medical Faculty of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Seewartenstraße 10, 20459, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Henning Teismann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabina Waniek
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan N Willich
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10098, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael F Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Behrent A, Borggraefe V, Baeumner AJ. Laser-induced graphene trending in biosensors: understanding electrode shelf-life of this highly porous material. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2097-2106. [PMID: 38082134 PMCID: PMC10950954 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has received much attention in recent years as a possible transducer material for electroanalytical sensors. Its simplicity of fabrication and good electrochemical performance are typically highlighted. However, we found that unmodified and untreated LIG electrodes had a limited shelf-life for certain electroanalytical applications, likely due to the adsorption of adventitious hydrocarbons from the storage environment. Electrode responses did not change immediately after exposure to ambient conditions but over longer periods of time, probably due to the immense specific surface area of the LIG material. LIG shelf-life is seldomly discussed prominently in the literature, yet overall trends for solutions to this challenge can be identified. Such findings from the literature regarding the long-term storage stability of LIG electrodes, pure and modified, are discussed here along with explanations for likely protective mechanisms. Specifically, applying a protective coating on LIG electrodes after manufacture is possibly the easiest method to preserve electrode functionality and should be identified as a trend for well-performing LIG electrodes in the future. Furthermore, suggested influences of the accompanying LIG microstructure/morphology on electrode characteristics are evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Behrent
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Borggraefe
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schröder B, Kroczek A, Kroczek LOH, Ehlis AC, Batra A, Mühlberger A. Cigarette craving in virtual reality cue exposure in abstainers and relapsed smokers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7538. [PMID: 38553517 PMCID: PMC10980682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cue exposure therapy (CET) in substance-use disorders aims to reduce craving and ultimately relapse rates. Applying CET in virtual reality (VR) was proposed to increase its efficacy, as VR enables the presentation of social and environmental cues along with substance-related stimuli. However, limited success has been reported so far when applying VR-CET for smoking cessation. Understanding if effects of VR-CET differ between future abstainers and relapsing smokers may help to improve VR-CET. Data from 102 participants allocated to the intervention arm (VR-CET) of a recent RCT comparing VR-CET to relaxation in the context of smoking cessation was analyzed with respect to tolerability, presence, and craving during VR-CET. Cue exposure was conducted in four VR contexts (Loneliness/Rumination, Party, Stress, Café), each presented twice. Relapsed smokers compared to abstainers experienced higher craving during VR-CET and stronger craving responses especially during the Stress scenario. Furthermore, lower mean craving during VR-CET positively predicted abstinence at 6-month follow-up. Attempts to improve smoking cessation outcomes of VR-CET should aim to identify smokers who are more at risk of relapse based on high craving levels during VR-CET. Specifically measuring craving responses during social stress seems to be well suited to mark relapse. We propose to investigate individualized treatment approaches accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Schröder
- Department for Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Agnes Kroczek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Section for Addiction Research and Medicine University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leon O H Kroczek
- Department for Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Section for Addiction Research and Medicine University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mühlberger
- Department for Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Engelmann SU, Yang Y, Pickl C, Haas M, Goßler C, Kälble S, Hartmann V, Breyer J, Burger M, Mayr R. Ureteroplasty with buccal mucosa graft without omental wrap: an effective method to treat ureteral strictures. World J Urol 2024; 42:116. [PMID: 38436781 PMCID: PMC10912248 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-04825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Successful treatment options for ureteral strictures are limited. Surgical options such as ileal interposition and kidney autotransplantation are difficult and associated with morbidity and complications. Techniques such as Boari flap and psoas hitch are limited to distal strictures. Only limited case studies on the success of open buccal mucosa graft (BMG) ureteroplasty exist to this date. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success of open BMG ureteroplasty without omental wrap. METHODS In this single-center retrospective study between July 2020 and January 2023, we included 14 consecutive patients with ureteric strictures who were treated with open BMG ureteroplasty without omental wrap. The primary outcome was the success of open BMG ureteroplasty. Further endpoints were complications and hospital readmission. Outcome variables were assessed by clinical examination, kidney sonography, and patient anamnesis. RESULTS Out of 14 patients, 13 were stricture and ectasia-free without a double-J stent at a median follow-up of 15 months (success rate 93%). No complications were observed at the donor site, and the complication rate overall was low with 3 out of 14 patients (21%) having mild-to-medium complications. CONCLUSIONS Open BMG ureteroplasty without omental wrap is a successful and feasible technique for ureteric stricture repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon U Engelmann
- Department of Urology, St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yushan Yang
- Department of Urology, St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Pickl
- Department of Urology, St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Haas
- Department of Urology, St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Goßler
- Department of Urology, St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kälble
- Department of Urology, St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Hartmann
- Department of Urology, St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roman Mayr
- Department of Urology, St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Otto W. [Urology in Upper Palatinate-what archeology, historical research, and historiography reveal : Part 1: from Roman Antiquity to the late Middle Ages]. Urologie 2024; 63:269-277. [PMID: 38416168 PMCID: PMC10917864 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-024-02296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Since 1924, it has been possible to qualify as a specialist in urology in Germany. The first hospital departments for the treatment of urological conditions were established as early as the end of the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. However, the beginning of specialist medical care in the Bavarian administrative district of Upper Palatinate, often known as the "poorhouse" of Germany until the second half of the last century, was much later. Nevertheless, the lineage of "urological" activity here can be traced back to much earlier eras. Of course, it must be accepted that the evidence from times long past is weak. This is especially applicable when it comes to a topic such as the treatment of the sick and the preservation of health, which is not only considered a science but also often a central focus of life for us today, because in history it was often only mentioned in the fight against epidemics and in anecdotal descriptions. This is a circumstance which, when looking at the history of urology, gives rise to the hope of finding one or two interesting sources. This article not only aims to trace the history of the development of urology in a rural area from contemporary history to the present day, but also to explore the treatment of urological diseases in this region since late antiquity. Furthermore, we invite readers to look at other places of urological remembrance in a similar way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Otto
- Lehrstuhl für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland.
- UROLOGIE im GesundheitsFORUM, Paracelsusstraße 2, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland.
- Arbeitskreis Geschichte der Urologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie, Uerdinger Str. 64, 40474, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schuster M, Kappenschneider T, Meyer M, Holzapfel DE. Acute compartment syndrome of the thigh after total knee arthroplasty: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:65. [PMID: 38374059 PMCID: PMC10877870 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute compartment syndrome of the thigh after total knee arthroplasty is a rarely described complication. After the assessment of the diagnosis, immediate surgical intervention is necessary to prevent further tissue damage. Since only a few cases have been described and because of the high complication rate, early detection is essential for ensuring patient outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION After total knee arthroplasty in a high-volume university hospital, a 57-year-old Caucasian female patient experienced strong, disproportional pain in the ventromedial thigh of the affected leg, which did not respond to an adequate adjustment in pain medication. Imaging revealed a distinct swelling of the vastus intermedius muscle. This resulted in acute compartment syndrome of the thigh, which was immediately surgically treated. Apart from receiving surgery distal from the affected compartment and continuous intake of acetylsalicylic acid, the patient had no risk factors for developing compartment syndrome. The patient's recovery was uneventful, with timely wound closure and discharge to outpatient care without significant functional limitations. CONCLUSION Acute compartment syndrome of the thigh represents a rare, but severe complication that can occur after orthopedic surgery. In our case, no triggering factors for the development of acute compartment syndrome, such as the use of a tourniquet, were detected. Even in unusual locations, compartment syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis. With sufficient evidence, immediate fasciotomy should be indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Schuster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany.
| | - Tobias Kappenschneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Matthias Meyer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Dominik Emanuel Holzapfel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Köster M, Hepach R. Preverbal infants' understanding of social norms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2983. [PMID: 38316858 PMCID: PMC10844370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Social norms are foundational to human cooperation and co-existence in social groups. A crucial marker of social norms is that a behavior is not only shared, but that the conformity to the behavior of others is a basis for social evaluation (i.e., reinforcement and sanctioning), taking the is, how individuals usually behave, to an ought, how individuals should behave to be socially approved by others. In this preregistered study, we show that 11-month-old infants grasp this fundamental aspect about social norms already in their first year. They showed a pupillary surprise response for unexpected social responses, namely the disapproval and exclusion of an individual who showed the same behavior like others or the approval and inclusion of an individual who behaved differently. That preverbal infants link the conformity with others' behavior to social evaluations, before they respond to norm violations themselves, indicates that the foundations of social norm understanding lie in early infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Köster
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Sedanstraße 1, 93055, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Hepach
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meyer M, Michalk K, Greimel F, Maderbacher G, Grifka J, Kappenschneider T. [SOG-Special Orthopedic Geriatrics : First interim results of a randomized controlled study on integrated orthogeriatric care in elective hip and knee arthroplasty]. Orthopadie (Heidelb) 2024; 53:127-135. [PMID: 38236298 PMCID: PMC10844454 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-023-04466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there are no adequate care concepts for geriatric patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery in Germany. The Special Orthopaedic Geriatrics (SOG) study evaluates for the first time in Germany the impact of comprehensive orthogeriatric co-management on the outcome of elderly patients with elective hip and knee replacements compared to standard orthopaedic care. METHODS The interim analysis of the ongoing study included 174 patients; 87 patients were randomized to the intervention group and 87 to the control group. The SOG care model consists of screening, preoperative assessment with preoperative intervention, fast-track surgery and multimodal perioperative care in the orthogeriatric team. The control group received standard orthopaedic care. Mobility, complications, and patient-reported outcome measures after surgery were compared. RESULTS The SOG group showed a clinically relevant improvement in mobility postoperatively compared to the control group at all time points (p < 0.01). The evaluation of complications showed a significant risk reduction for minor complications (p < 0.01), as well as a clear trend towards a risk reduction for major complications. Patient-reported outcome measures showed a significant improvement in joint function and general health-related quality of life both in the SOG group and the control group. CONCLUSION Integrated orthogeriatric care models such as SOG could improve the care of geriatric patients in elective orthopaedic surgery in the future and, above all, make it safer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Meyer
- Orthopädische Klinik für die Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland.
| | - Katrin Michalk
- Orthopädische Klinik für die Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Felix Greimel
- Orthopädische Klinik für die Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Günther Maderbacher
- Orthopädische Klinik für die Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Orthopädische Klinik für die Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Tobias Kappenschneider
- Orthopädische Klinik für die Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maderbacher G, Baier C, Meyer M, Holzapfel D, Pagano S, Grifka J, Greimel F. [Navigation and robotics-current status and future implications]. Orthopadie (Heidelb) 2024; 53:107-116. [PMID: 38294695 PMCID: PMC10844471 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-023-04468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both navigation systems and robotics enable greater precision in the implantation of an artificial knee joint. However, they do not improve clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that although implantation of a total knee arthroplasty results in reconstruction of the alignment in the coronal plane, the variable rotational tibial and variable translational femoral and tibial component positioning lead to a change in the remaining alignment parameters of the lower extremity. However, these parameters could be determined using a navigation system or robot and could represent future implications for these systems. METHODS The kinematics and the position between femur and tibia before and after implantation of a total knee arthroplasty were determined using a navigation system in nine healthy knee joints of Thiel-fixed whole-body cadavers. RESULTS After arthroplasty, there was no change in the natural coronal alignment. In extension and the early degrees of flexion, the rotational position of the femur relative to the tibia was altered. This also led to a change in the positioning of the medial and lateral epicondyle in relation to the tibia; while both epicondyles were positioned more laterally in relation to the tibia after arthroplasty, the lateral epicondyle was significantly more lateral in relation to the tibia up to 20° of flexion. DISCUSSION Following arthroplasty of a knee joint using the established technique, a good reconstruction of the coronal alignment was achieved with simultaneous changes in the alignment in both the rotational and translational directions between the femur and tibia. Using navigation as well as robotics, we would be able to quantify all alignment parameters and could achieve an alignment of the components or a reconstruction of the overall alignment in all six degrees of freedom. We might also be able to achieve a clinical advantage or increase the service life even further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günther Maderbacher
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland.
| | - Clemens Baier
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Meyer
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Dominik Holzapfel
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Felix Greimel
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bohne A, Grundler E, Knüttel H, Völkel V, Fürst A. Impact of laparoscopic versus open surgery on humoral immunity in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:540-553. [PMID: 38102395 PMCID: PMC10830603 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery (LS) is hypothesized to result in milder proinflammatory reactions due to less severe operative trauma, which may contribute to the observed clinical benefits after LS. However, previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the impact of LS on immunocompetence are outdated, limited and heterogeneous. Therefore, the humoral response after laparoscopic and open colorectal cancer (CRC) resections was evaluated in a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) measuring parameters of humoral immunity after LS compared to open surgery (OS) in adult patients with CRC of any stage. MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science (SCI-EXPANDED), Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP (World Health Organization) were systematically searched. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. Weighted inverse variance meta-analysis of mean differences was performed for C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using the random-effects method. Methods were prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021264324). RESULTS Twenty RCTs with 1131 participants were included. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis up to 8 days after surgery was performed. Quantitative synthesis found concentrations to be significantly lower after LS at 0-2 h after surgery (IL-8), at 3-9 h (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα) and at postoperative day 1 (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF). At 3-9 h, IL-6 was notably lower in the LS group by 86.71 pg/ml (mean difference [MD] - 86.71 pg/ml [- 125.05, - 48.37], p < 0.00001). Combined narratively, 13 studies reported significantly lower concentrations of considered parameters in LS patients, whereas only one study reported lower inflammatory markers (for CRP and IL-6) after OS. CONCLUSION The increase in postoperative concentrations of several proinflammatory parameters was significantly less pronounced after LS than after OS in this meta-analysis. Overall, the summarized evidence reinforces the view of a lower induction of inflammation due to LS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bohne
- Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - E Grundler
- Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H Knüttel
- Universität Regensburg, Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - V Völkel
- Tumorzentrum Regensburg - Zentrum für Qualitätssicherung und Versorgungsforschung, Universität Regensburg, Am Biopark 9, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Fürst
- Caritas Krankenhaus St. Josef Regensburg, Klinik Für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thoraxchirurgie und Adipositasmedizin, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nickl AT, Bäuml KHT. To-be-forgotten information shows more relative forgetting over time than to-be-remembered information. Psychon Bull Rev 2024; 31:156-165. [PMID: 37434044 PMCID: PMC10866758 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
People can intentionally forget studied material when cued to do so. Corresponding evidence has arisen from studies on item-method directed forgetting, in which participants are asked to forget single items directly upon presentation. We measured memory performance of to-be-remembered (TBR) and to-be-forgotten (TBF) items across retention intervals of up to 1 week and fitted power functions of time to the observed recall (Experiment 1) and recognition (Experiment 2) rates. In both experiments and each retention interval condition, memory performance for the TBR items was higher than for the TBF items, supporting the view that directed forgetting effects are lasting. Recall and recognition rates of both TBR and TBF items were well fit by the power function. However, the relative forgetting rates of the two item types differed, with a higher forgetting rate for the TBF than the TBR items. The findings are consistent with the view that TBR and TBF items differ (mainly) in recruitment of rehearsal processes and resulting memory strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna T Nickl
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Karl-Heinz T Bäuml
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Reyne N, McCarron A, Cmielewski P, Schreiber R, diStefano G, Römermann D, Seidler U, Donnelley M, Kunzelmann K. Inhibition of mucus secretion by niclosamide and benzbromarone in airways and intestine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1464. [PMID: 38233410 PMCID: PMC10794189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+ activated Cl- channel TMEM16A (anoctamin 1; ANO1) is expressed in secretory epithelial cells of airways and intestine. Previous studies provided evidence for a role of ANO1 in mucus secretion. In the present study we investigated the effects of the two ANO1-inhibitors niclosamide (Niclo) and benzbromarone (Benz) in vitro and in vivo in mouse models for cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma. In human CF airway epithelial cells (CFBE), Ca2+ increase and activation of ANO1 by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or ionomycin was strongly inhibited by 200 nM Niclo and 1 µM Benz. In asthmatic mice airway mucus secretion was inhibited by intratracheal instillation of Niclo or Benz. In homozygous F508del-cftr mice, intestinal mucus secretion and infiltration by CD45-positive cells was inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of Niclo (13 mg/kg/day for 7 days). In homozygous F508del-cftr rats intestinal mucus secretion was inhibited by oral application of Benz (5 mg/kg/day for 60 days). Taken together, well tolerated therapeutic concentrations of niclosamide and benzbromarone corresponding to plasma levels of treated patients, inhibit ANO1 and intracellular Ca2+ signals and may therefore be useful in inhibiting mucus hypersecretion and mucus obstruction in airways and intestine of patients suffering from asthma and CF, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Reyne
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra McCarron
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gabriella diStefano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothee Römermann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Medenbach J, Tschochner H. Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine in 2023: how to dupe the cellular innate immune system using modified RNA for therapeutic treatment. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:5-6. [PMID: 38087083 PMCID: PMC10758357 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02895-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Medenbach
- Universität Regensburg, Regensburg Center of Biochemistry (RCB), 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Herbert Tschochner
- Universität Regensburg, Regensburg Center of Biochemistry (RCB), Biochemistry III, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schweda F. How kidney function adapts to changes in acid-base balance: the AE4 transporter as a central acid-base sensor in tubular cells. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:7-8. [PMID: 38117329 PMCID: PMC10758356 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schweda
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abel M, Nickl AT, Reßle A, Unger C, Bäuml KHT. The role of sleep for memory consolidation: does sleep protect memories from retroactive interference? Psychon Bull Rev 2023; 30:2296-2304. [PMID: 37382811 PMCID: PMC10728269 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest that sleep benefits memory. A major theoretical question in this area is however if sleep does so by passively shielding memories from interference that arises during wakefulness or by actively stabilizing and strengthening memories. A key finding by Ellenbogen et al. Current Biology, 16, 1290-1294 (2006a) indicates that sleep can protect memories from retroactive interference, which suggests that sleep plays more than a passive role for memory consolidation. Sample size in this study was however small and subsequent reports in the literature provided mixed results. We therefore conducted an online study via Zoom to replicate Ellenbogen et al. Current Biology, 16, 1290-1294 (2006a). Subjects were asked to study paired associates. After a 12-h delay that included either nocturnal sleep or daytime wakefulness, half of all subjects were asked to study an additional list to elicit retroactive interference. All participants were then asked to complete a memory test for the studied list(s). The results were fully consistent with those reported by Ellenbogen et al. Current Biology, 16, 1290-1294 (2006a). We discuss this successful replication against the background of the mixed literature, with a focus on the possibly critical role of study-design features, like the use of high learning criteria that resulted in performance being at ceiling, or a confound between interference and the length of the retention interval. A collaborative replication effort may be needed to reach a straightfoward answer to the question if sleep protects memories from interference (and under what conditions).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Abel
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Anna T Nickl
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Reßle
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Unger
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz T Bäuml
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Raab F, Malloni W, Wein S, Greenlee MW, Lang EW. Investigation of an efficient multi-modal convolutional neural network for multiple sclerosis lesion detection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21154. [PMID: 38036638 PMCID: PMC10689724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an automated 2D machine learning approach for fast and precise segmentation of MS lesions from multi-modal magnetic resonance images (mmMRI) is presented. The method is based on an U-Net like convolutional neural network (CNN) for automated 2D slice-based-segmentation of brain MRI volumes. The individual modalities are encoded in separate downsampling branches without weight sharing, to leverage the specific features. Skip connections input feature maps to multi-scale feature fusion (MSFF) blocks at every decoder stage of the network. Those are followed by multi-scale feature upsampling (MSFU) blocks which use the information about lesion shape and location. The CNN is evaluated on two publicly available datasets: The ISBI 2015 longitudinal MS lesion segmentation challenge dataset containing 19 subjects and the MICCAI 2016 MSSEG challenge dataset containing 15 subjects from various scanners. The proposed multi-input 2D architecture is among the top performing approaches in the ISBI challenge, to which open-access papers are available, is able to outperform state-of-the-art 3D approaches without additional post-processing, can be adapted to other scanners quickly, is robust against scanner variability and can be deployed for inference even on a standard laptop without a dedicated GPU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Raab
- Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning Group, University of Regensburg, 93051, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Wilhelm Malloni
- Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93051, Germany
| | - Simon Wein
- Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning Group, University of Regensburg, 93051, Regensburg, Germany
- Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93051, Germany
| | - Mark W Greenlee
- Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93051, Germany
| | - Elmar W Lang
- Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning Group, University of Regensburg, 93051, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Minuth WW. Installation of the developing nephron in the fetal human kidney during advanced pregnancy. Mol Cell Pediatr 2023; 10:18. [PMID: 38012334 PMCID: PMC10682366 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-023-00172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidneys of preterm and low birth weight babies reflect vulnerability, since several noxae can evoke the termination of nephron formation. This again leads to oligonephropathy with severe consequences for health in the later life. While the clinical parameters have been intensely investigated, only little is known about the initial traces left by the noxae. For the fetal human kidney, solely the lack of basophilic S-shaped bodies and the reduction in width of the nephrogenic zone were registered. It is not known in how far also the involved progenitor cells, the earlier nephron stages, the collecting duct (CD) ampullae, and the local interstitium are collaterally harmed. AIM The interstitium at the forming nephron is heterogeneously structured. Thereby, it fulfills quite different mastering and integrative tasks. Since data dealing with the installation of a nephron is not available, the microanatomical features were recorded. RESULTS The microscopic specimens show that the installation of the transient stages of nephron anlage is not synchronized. Instead, it is controlled within a nephrogenic compartment of the nephrogenic zone. It starts near the renal capsule by positioning the nephrogenic niche so that the nephrogenic progenitor cells face the epithelial progenitor cell at the tip of a CD ampulla. Then, the induced nephrogenic progenitor cells assimilate in the pretubular aggregate. While its medial part remains opposite the head of the CD ampulla, at its proximal end, the primitive renal vesicle is formed. Only a part of it separates to stick to the section border between the head and conus of the CD ampulla. This marks the link with the future connecting tubule at the distal pole of the extending renal vesicle. Meanwhile, the proximal pole is mounted next to the connecting tubule of an earlier developed nephron. The resulting two-point mounting serves a common elongation of the conus at the CD ampulla and the medial aspect of the comma-shaped body. In the S-shaped body, it supports to defoliate the arising glomerulus and to link it with the perforating radiate artery at its deep lateral aspect. CONCLUSIONS The investigation depicts that the installation is an interactive process between the stages of nephron anlage and its structural neighbors. A special meaning has the interjacent interstitium. It is vital for the positioning, shaping, and physiological integration. Due to its special location, this is mainly exposed to noxae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pagano S, Holzapfel S, Kappenschneider T, Meyer M, Maderbacher G, Grifka J, Holzapfel DE. Arthrosis diagnosis and treatment recommendations in clinical practice: an exploratory investigation with the generative AI model GPT-4. J Orthop Traumatol 2023; 24:61. [PMID: 38015298 PMCID: PMC10684473 DOI: 10.1186/s10195-023-00740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to transformative advancements in diverse sectors, including healthcare. Specifically, generative writing systems have shown potential in various applications, but their effectiveness in clinical settings has been barely investigated. In this context, we evaluated the proficiency of ChatGPT-4 in diagnosing gonarthrosis and coxarthrosis and recommending appropriate treatments compared with orthopaedic specialists. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted using anonymized medical records of 100 patients previously diagnosed with either knee or hip arthrosis. ChatGPT-4 was employed to analyse these historical records, formulating both a diagnosis and potential treatment suggestions. Subsequently, a comparative analysis was conducted to assess the concordance between the AI's conclusions and the original clinical decisions made by the physicians. RESULTS In diagnostic evaluations, ChatGPT-4 consistently aligned with the conclusions previously drawn by physicians. In terms of treatment recommendations, there was an 83% agreement between the AI and orthopaedic specialists. The therapeutic concordance was verified by the calculation of a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.580 (p < 0.001). This indicates a moderate-to-good level of agreement. In recommendations pertaining to surgical treatment, the AI demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 78% and 80%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that the variables reduced quality of life (OR 49.97, p < 0.001) and start-up pain (OR 12.54, p = 0.028) have an influence on ChatGPT-4's recommendation for a surgery. CONCLUSION This study emphasises ChatGPT-4's notable potential in diagnosing conditions such as gonarthrosis and coxarthrosis and in aligning its treatment recommendations with those of orthopaedic specialists. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that AI tools such as ChatGPT-4 are not meant to replace the nuanced expertise and clinical judgment of seasoned orthopaedic surgeons, particularly in complex decision-making scenarios regarding treatment indications. Due to the exploratory nature of the study, further research with larger patient populations and more complex diagnoses is necessary to validate the findings and explore the broader potential of AI in healthcare. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Holzapfel
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Regensburg, Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kappenschneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Matthias Meyer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Günther Maderbacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Dominik Emanuel Holzapfel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Giglberger M, Peter HL, Henze GI, Kraus E, Bärtl C, Konzok J, Kreuzpointner L, Kirsch P, Kudielka BM, Wüst S. Neural responses to acute stress predict chronic stress perception in daily life over 13 months. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19990. [PMID: 37968323 PMCID: PMC10651906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) for the integration of neural, endocrine, and affective stress processing was shown in healthy participants and patients with stress-related disorders. The present manuscript which reports on one study-arm of the LawSTRESS project, aimed at investigating the predictive value of acute stress responses in these regions for biopsychological consequences of chronic stress in daily life. The LawSTRESS project examined law students either in preparation for their first state examination (stress group [SG]) or in the mid-phase of their study program (control group [CG]) over 13 months. Ambulatory assessments comprising perceived stress measurements and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) were administered on six sampling points (t1 = - 1 year, t2 = - 3 months, t3 = - 1 week, t4 = exam, t5 = + 1 week, t6 = + 1 month). In a subsample of 124 participants (SG: 61; CG: 63), ScanSTRESS was applied at baseline. In the SG but not in the CG, amygdala, hippocampus, and (post-hoc analyzed) right mPFC activation changes during ScanSTRESS were significantly associated with the trajectory of perceived stress but not with the CAR. Consistent with our finding in the total LawSTRESS sample, a significant increase in perceived stress and a blunted CAR over time could be detected in the SG only. Our findings suggest that more pronounced activation decreases of amygdala, hippocampus, and mPFC in response to acute psychosocial stress at baseline were related to a more pronounced increase of stress in daily life over the following year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Giglberger
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannah L Peter
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gina-Isabelle Henze
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kraus
- Department of Psychology, Computational Modeling in Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Bärtl
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Konzok
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kreuzpointner
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte M Kudielka
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wüst
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Klemm S, Evert K, Utpatel K, Muggli A, Simile MM, Chen X, Evert M, Calvisi DF, Scheiter A. Identification of DUSP4/6 overexpression as a potential rheostat to NRAS-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1086. [PMID: 37946160 PMCID: PMC10636894 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) is mutated in a small percentage of HCC and is hitherto considered insufficient for hepatocarcinogenesis. We aimed to characterize the process of N-Ras-dependent carcinogenesis in the liver and to identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities. METHODS NRAS V12 plasmid was delivered into the mouse liver via hydrodynamic tail vein injection (HTVI). The resulting tumours, preneoplastic lesions, and normal tissue were characterized by NanoString® gene expression analysis, Western Blot, and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results were further confirmed by in vitro analyses of HCC cell lines. RESULTS HTVI with NRAS V12 plasmid resulted in the gradual formation of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the liver three months post-injection. These lesions mostly showed characteristics of HCC, with some exceptions of spindle cell/ cholangiocellular differentiation. Progressive upregulation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signalling was detectable in the lesions by Western Blot and IHC. NanoString® gene expression analysis of preneoplastic and tumorous tissue revealed a gradual overexpression of the cancer stem cell marker CD133 and Dual Specificity Phosphatases 4 and 6 (DUSP4/6). In vitro, transfection of HCC cell lines with NRAS V12 plasmid resulted in a coherent upregulation of DUSP4 and DUSP6. Paradoxically, this upregulation in PLC/PRF/5 cells was accompanied by a downregulation of phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (pERK), suggesting an overshooting compensation. Silencing of DUSP4 and DUSP6 increased proliferation in HCC cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to prior assumptions, the G12V NRAS mutant form is sufficient to elicit hepatocarcinogenesis in the mouse. Furthermore, the upregulation of the MAPK cascade was paralleled by the overexpression of DUSP4, DUSP6, and CD133 in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, DUSP4 and DUSP6 might fine-tune the excessive MAPK activation, a mechanism that can potentially be harnessed therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Klemm
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Muggli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria M Simile
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Xin Chen
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bohley M, Dillinger AE, Braunger BM, Tamm ER, Goepferich A. Intravenous injection of cyclosporin A loaded lipid nanocapsules fights inflammation and immune system activation in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2807-2818. [PMID: 37208562 PMCID: PMC10545584 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and immune system activation are key pathologic events in the onset and escalation of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Both are driven by cytokines and complement originating from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Despite the RPE's pivotal role, there is no therapeutic tool to specifically interfere with the RPE-related pathomechanism. A therapy that addresses RPE cells and counteracts inflammation and immune response would be of paramount value for the early treatment of DR, where currently are no specific therapies available. Here, we utilized lipoprotein-mimetic lipid nanocapsules to deliver the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) to RPE cells. Using a mouse model of DR that mirrors all pathologic aspects of human DR, we demonstrate that intravenously applied CsA-loaded lipid nanocapsules comprehensively counteract inflammation and immune system activation. One single injection suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, dampened macrophage infiltration, and prevented macrophage and microglia activation in eyes with DR. This work shows that CsA-loaded lipid nanocapsules can offer new avenues for the treatment of DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Bohley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea E Dillinger
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Barbara M Braunger
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Ernst R Tamm
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Achim Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Breyer J, Eckstein M, Sikic D, Wezel F, Roghmann F, Brehmer M, Wirtz RM, Jarczyk J, Erben P, Bahlinger V, Goldschmidt F, Fechner G, Chen J, Paxinos E, Bates M, Haas M, Zengerling F, Bolenz C, Burger M, Hartmann A, Kriegmair MC. Xpert bladder cancer monitor to predict the need for a second TURB (MoniTURB trial). Sci Rep 2023; 13:15437. [PMID: 37723173 PMCID: PMC10507065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine whether Xpert bladder cancer monitor, a noninvasive PCR-based biomarker test, can predict the need for 2nd transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) better than clinical assessment. Patients scheduled for TURB were prospectively screened. After initial TURB, patients were assigned to 2nd TURB or follow-up cystoscopy at 3 months (FU) by clinicians' discretion. Central urine cytology and Xpert monitor tests were performed prior to the 1st TURB and 2nd TURB or FU, respectively. Statistical analysis to compare clinical assessment and Xpert monitor comprised sensitivity (SENS), specificity (SPEC), NPV and PPV. Of 756 screened patients, 171 were included (114 with 2nd TURB, 57 with FU). Residual tumors were detected in 34 patients who underwent 2nd TURB, and recurrent tumors were detected in 2 patients with FU. SENS and SPEC of Xpert monitor were 83.3% and 53.0%, respectively, PPV was 32.6% and NPV was 92.1%. Clinical risk assessment outperformed Xpert monitor. In patients with pTa disease at initial TURB, Xpert monitor revealed a NPV of 96%. Xpert monitor was not superior than clinical assessment in predicting the need for 2nd TURB. It might be an option to omit 2nd TURB for selected patients with pTa disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Danijel Sikic
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Felix Wezel
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Florian Roghmann
- Department of Urology, Marien Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mirco Brehmer
- Department of Urology, Marien Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Ralph M Wirtz
- Stratifyer Molecular Pathology GmbH, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Hospital Köln-Hohenlind, Cologne, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonas Jarczyk
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Veronika Bahlinger
- Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Franziska Goldschmidt
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Guido Fechner
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jack Chen
- Biostatistics, Cepheid Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Paxinos
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Cepheid Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bates
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Cepheid Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Maximilian Haas
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Friedemann Zengerling
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Bolenz
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian C Kriegmair
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- BRIDGE (Bladder Cancer Research Initiative for Drug Targets Germany) Consortium E.V., Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stein MJ, Baurecht H, Sedlmeier AM, Konzok J, Bohmann P, Fontvieille E, Peruchet-Noray L, Bowden J, Friedenreich CM, Fervers B, Ferrari P, Gunter MJ, Freisling H, Leitzmann MF, Viallon V, Weber A. Association between circadian physical activity patterns and mortality in the UK Biobank. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:102. [PMID: 37653438 PMCID: PMC10472628 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefit of physical activity (PA) for increasing longevity is well-established, however, the impact of diurnal timing of PA on mortality remains poorly understood. We aimed to derive circadian PA patterns and investigate their associations with all-cause mortality. METHODS We used 24 h PA time series from 96,351 UK Biobank participants aged between 42 and 79 years at accelerometry in 2013-2015. Functional principal component analysis (fPCA) was applied to obtain circadian PA patterns. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, we related the loading scores of these fPCs to estimate risk of mortality. RESULTS During 6.9 years of follow-up, 2,850 deaths occurred. Four distinct fPCs accounted for 96% of the variation of the accelerometry data. Using a loading score of zero (i.e., average overall PA during the day) as the reference, a fPC1 score of + 2 (high overall PA) was inversely associated with mortality (Hazard ratio, HR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84-0.99), whereas a score of -2 (low overall PA) was associated with higher mortality (1.69; 95% CI: 1.57-1.81; p for non-linearity < 0.001). Significant inverse linear associations with mortality were observed for engaging in midday PA instead of early and late PA (fPC3) (HR for a 1-unit increase 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83-0.93). In contrast, midday and nocturnal PA instead of early and evening PA (fPC4) were positively associated with mortality (HR for a 1-unit increase 1.16; 95% CI: 1.08-1.25). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that it is less important during which daytime hours one is active but rather, to engage in some level of elevated PA for longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Stein
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja M Sedlmeier
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Konzok
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Bohmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emma Fontvieille
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Laia Peruchet-Noray
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jack Bowden
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1296 Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment, Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Michael F Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vivian Viallon
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Andrea Weber
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Various nutrients and diet quality have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The purpose of this review was to examine data from recent cohort studies and dietary interventions to determine whether nutrition may play a role in the management of ADHD. RECENT FINDINGS Preliminary evidence suggests that minerals might have beneficial effects on ADHD symptomatology. Probiotics might offer novel strategies to prevent or treat ADHD. Inverse associations between adherence to "healthy" diets and ADHD symptoms have been observed. Children with ADHD responding to the few-foods diet (or oligoantigenic diet) with an elimination of individually identified food items show substantially improved behavior and cognitive functioning. Evidence from recent research does not allow any recommendations regarding the use of micronutrients or probiotics in the management of ADHD. The few-foods diet may become an additional therapeutic option for children with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W. Lange
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | | | - Yukiko Nakamura
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Andreas Reissmann
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kroczek LOH, Mühlberger A. Public speaking training in front of a supportive audience in Virtual Reality improves performance in real-life. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13968. [PMID: 37633990 PMCID: PMC10460391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Public speaking is a challenging task that requires practice. Virtual Reality allows to present realistic public speaking scenarios in this regard, however, the role of the virtual audience during practice remains unknown. In the present study, 73 participants completed a Virtual Reality practice session while audience was manipulated to be supportive or unsupportive or presentations were practiced without audience. Importantly, following the virtual practice, participants held the presentation during a real university course via Zoom. We measured emotional experience, self-efficacy, and the subjective evaluation of performance at baseline, after VR practice, and after the real presentation. Additionally, participants' performance in the real presentation was evaluated by instructors (blinded to condition). Supportive in contrast to unsupportive audiences led to more positive believes about one's own performance, while there were no changes in beliefs in the group without audience. Importantly, practice in front of a supportive compared to unsupportive audience resulted in a more positive evaluation of speaker confidence in real-life public speaking as rated by the instructors. These results demonstrate an impact of virtual social feedback during public speaking on subsequent subjective performance evaluation. This may increase self-confidence resulting in actual improved public speaking performance in real-life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon O H Kroczek
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Mühlberger
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stephan B, Lechner D, Stockkamp M, Hudecek MFC, Frey D, Lermer E. Where a psychopathic personality matters at work: a cross-industry study of the relation of dark triad and psychological capital. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:236. [PMID: 37592346 PMCID: PMC10436650 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concepts of Dark Triad and Psychological Capital (PsyCap) have been extensively researched separately, but until one recent study, their interrelation has not been investigated. Purpose of this study was to uncover differences of the relationship of both concepts across work related industries. METHODS In total, 2,109 German employees across 11 industries completed a questionnaire on Dark Triad (narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism) and PsyCap. Multiple regression analyses were used to test the association of both concepts across industries. RESULTS Values of narcissism, psychopathy and PsyCap generally differed between industries. No significant differences were found for Machiavellianism. While narcissism relates positively to PsyCap in all industry sectors, psychopathy only showed a negative relation to PsyCap in some sectors. For industries architecture, automotive and consulting, psychopathy did not significantly predict PsyCap. CONCLUSIONS We argue that different expectations of employees per industry make it easier or harder for different personalities to assimilate (homogeneity hypothesis) to the work context (measured by PsyCap). Future studies should investigate this further with other variables such as person-organization-fit. This study was, however, the first to simultaneously investigate Dark Triad and PsyCap among employees and their respective industry. It extends previous findings by revealing differences of both concepts across and within industry sectors. The study can help to reconsider in which industries Dark Triad personality affects PsyCap as antecedent of workplace outcomes such as work satisfaction or job performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Stephan
- Center for Leadership and People Management, LMU Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Lechner
- Center for Leadership and People Management, LMU Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariella Stockkamp
- Center for Leadership and People Management, LMU Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias F C Hudecek
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Dieter Frey
- Center for Leadership and People Management, LMU Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Lermer
- Center for Leadership and People Management, LMU Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
- Department of Business Psychology, Technical University of Applied Sciences Augsburg, An der Hochschule 1, 86161, Augsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fernandez-Pacheco M, Ortmann O, Ignatov A, Inwald EC. Does cavity margin shaving reduce residual tumor and re-excision rates? A systematic review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:1295-1309. [PMID: 35593951 PMCID: PMC10023760 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cavity shaving (CS) is a surgical technique used in the treatment of breast cancer (BC). It may reduce margin positivity in histologic assessment and consequently reduces re- excision rates in breast conserving surgery (BCS). The evidence for this assumption is described in the present review. METHODS A systematic review of relevant literature in English from January 1999 to April 2019 was conducted. The analysis included studies on CS and its effects on re-excision rates and margin positivity. We searched PubMed databases for relevant publications. In total, 22 studies were included in the present review. RESULTS The benefit from CS on re-excision rates and histologic margin positivity was variable. Out of 22 studies, 17 reported a reduction in both re-excision rates and histologic margin positivity in margin shaved patients. Four studies could not find a significant reduction of second surgeries and residual tumor rates. One study suggested that CS after BCS was superior to single BCS only in subgroup analysis in IDC tumors. CONCLUSION CS is a surgical technique that was shown to reduce re-excision and margin positivity rates in most of the studies. Furthermore, it can be a useful tool to assess specimen margins and detect multifocality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fernandez-Pacheco
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - O Ortmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Ignatov
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E C Inwald
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Straße 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kaiser C, Freybote J, Schäfers W. Governmental Restrictions and Real Estate Investor Risk Perception. J Real Estate Financ Econ (Dordr) 2023:1-19. [PMID: 38625134 PMCID: PMC10040917 DOI: 10.1007/s11146-023-09947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the impact of governmental restrictions on the short-term risk perception, as proxied by the going-in cap rate, of investors in regional and neighborhood shopping centers. We use the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment and proxy for the length and severity of COVID-19 restrictions with the political affiliation of state governors. Using a sample of 40 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) across 27 states over the period of 2018 to 2021, we find that for states with Republican governors, which proxy for shorter and fewer COVID-19 restrictions, investors in regional malls required a lower going-in cap rate in the pandemic period than for states with Democratic governors. This effect does not exist for neighborhood shopping centers, whose tenants were not as affected by COVID-19 restrictions. Robustness checks suggest that our findings can be explained with mask mandates as one type of governmental restrictions, and that COVID-19 related restrictions do not impact the long-term risk perception of retail real estate investors. We furthermore find that the political attitudes of an MSA have an impact on investor risk perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Kaiser
- International Real Estate Business School (IRE|BS), University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Freybote
- School of Business, Portland State University, 615 SW Harrison St, Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - Wolfgang Schäfers
- International Real Estate Business School (IRE|BS), University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kalbitzer T, Lobenhofer K, Martin S, Beck Erlach M, Kremer W, Kalbitzer HR. NMR derived changes of lipoprotein particle concentrations related to impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or manifest type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:42. [PMID: 36964528 PMCID: PMC10037821 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and corresponding borderline states, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or glucose tolerance (IGT), are associated with dyslipoproteinemia. It is important to distinguish between factors that cause T2D and that are the direct result of T2D. Methods The lipoprotein subclass patterns of blood donors with IFG, IGT, with IFG combined with IGT, and T2D are analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The development of lipoprotein patterns with time is investigated by using samples retained for an average period of 6 years. In total 595 blood donors are classified by oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) and their glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations. Concentrations of lipoprotein particles of 15 different subclasses are analyzed in the 10,921 NMR spectra recorded under fasting and non-fasting conditions. The subjects are assumed healthy according to the strict regulations for blood donors before performing the oGTT. Results Under fasting conditions manifest T2D exhibits a significant concentration increase of the smallest HDL particles (HDL A) combined with a decrease in all other HDL subclasses. In contrast to other studies reviewed in this paper, a general concentration decrease of all LDL particles is observed that is most prominent for the smallest LDL particles (LDL A). Under normal nutritional conditions a large, significant increase of the concentrations of VLDL and chylomicrons is observed for all groups with IFG and/or IGT and most prominently for manifest T2D. As we show it is possible to obtain an estimate of the concentrations of the apolipoproteins Apo-A1, Apo-B100, and Apo-B48 from the NMR data. In the actual study cohort, under fasting conditions the concentrations of the lipoproteins are not increased significantly in T2D, under non-fasting conditions only Apo-B48 increases significantly. Conclusion In contrast to other studies, in our cohort of “healthy” blood donors the T2D associated dyslipoproteinemia does not change the total concentrations of the lipoprotein particles produced in the liver under fasting and non-fasting conditions significantly but only their subclass distributions. Compared to the control group, under non-fasting conditions participants with IGT and IFG or T2D show a substantial increase of plasma concentrations of those lipoproteins that are produced in the intestinal tract. The intestinal insulin resistance becomes strongly observable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kalbitzer
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Lobenhofer
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silke Martin
- Blutspendedienst des Bayerischen Roten Kreuzes Gemeinnützige GmbH, Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 2, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Beck Erlach
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Werner Kremer
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans Robert Kalbitzer
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Deppner J, von Ahlefeldt-Dehn B, Beracha E, Schaefers W. Boosting the Accuracy of Commercial Real Estate Appraisals: An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach. J Real Estate Financ Econ (Dordr) 2023:1-38. [PMID: 38625136 PMCID: PMC10031694 DOI: 10.1007/s11146-023-09944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we examine the accuracy and bias of market valuations in the U.S. commercial real estate sector using properties included in the NCREIF Property Index (NPI) between 1997 and 2021 and assess the potential of machine learning algorithms (i.e., boosting trees) to shrink the deviations between market values and subsequent transaction prices. Under consideration of 50 covariates, we find that these deviations exhibit structured variation that boosting trees can capture and further explain, thereby increasing appraisal accuracy and eliminating structural bias. The understanding of the models is greatest for apartments and industrial properties, followed by office and retail buildings. This study is the first in the literature to extend the application of machine learning in the context of property pricing and valuation from residential use types and commercial multifamily to office, retail, and industrial assets. In addition, this article contributes to the existing literature by providing an indication of the room for improvement in state-of-the-art valuation practices in the U.S. commercial real estate sector that can be exploited by using the guidance of supervised machine learning methods. The contributions of this study are, thus, timely and important to many parties in the real estate sector, including authorities, banks, insurers and pension and sovereign wealth funds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Deppner
- University of Regensburg, IRE|BS International Real Estate Business School, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Eli Beracha
- Florida International University, Hollo School of Real Estate, FL Miami, USA
| | - Wolfgang Schaefers
- University of Regensburg, IRE|BS International Real Estate Business School, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nöscher P, Weber A, Leitzmann M, Grifka J, Jochem C. [Work-related sedentary behavior]. Zentralbl Arbeitsmed Arbeitsschutz Ergon 2023; 73:39-47. [PMID: 36643722 PMCID: PMC9829228 DOI: 10.1007/s40664-022-00489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Sedentary behavior is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality. Occupational sitting time contributes to large amounts of daily sedentary behavior, especially in office workers. Objective This study investigated the amount of time spent in sedentary behavior during different tasks at work and while commuting of administrative personnel of a university hospital in Germany. Material and methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of administrative employees at the University Hospital Regensburg, Germany was carried out to assess work-related sedentary behavior. Descriptive and exploratory statistical analyses were performed. Results The study population consisted of 159 participants (54.1% women, 51.6% older than 40 years), which corresponds to a response rate of 26%. The median daily sitting time in the office was 7.0 h (interquartile range, IQR 6.0-7.5 h) and mostly occurred during computer work (57.3%), telephone calls (13.2%) and meetings (11.7%). Median standing time at work was 0.8 h (IQR 0.3-1.4 h). Administrative staff spent a median of 0.7 h (IQR 0.3-1.0 h) per day sedentary while commuting, with 67.3% of respondents commuting by car, motorbike or scooter. The participants were of the opinion that sitting for long uninterrupted periods had negative (69.6%) or relatively negative (29.7%) effects on health. Conclusion Administrative staff in hospitals spend large amounts of the daily working time with sedentary behavior. Interventions that enable working both in sitting and standing positions can lead to reduced work-related sitting time and thereby could improve occupational and, in a broader sense, public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulus Nöscher
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Präventivmedizin, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Andrea Weber
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Präventivmedizin, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Präventivmedizin, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Abteilung für Orthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077 Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Carmen Jochem
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Präventivmedizin, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rathberger K, Ried M, Hofmann HS. [Case-based learning in thoracic surgery : A comparison between online and face-to-face teaching]. Chirurgie (Heidelb) 2022; 93:870-875. [PMID: 35362738 PMCID: PMC8973651 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-022-01626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In modern medical education, traditional face-to-face teaching is increasingly being supplemented by innovative teaching methods, such as case-based learning or e‑learning. AIM OF THE WORK Design and evaluation of a new course concept in thoracic surgery to motivate students and at the same time find ways to relieve the medical staff in their teaching activities. MATERIAL AND METHODS All students of the third clinical semester at the University of Regensburg completed a case-based course on the topic of pulmonary nodules in the summer semester 2016 and winter semester 2016/2017 as part of the practical course in thoracic surgery. This involved a moderated face-to-face seminar for one group of students and a purely online event for the other group. The knowledge gain and the subjective learning experience of the students were evaluated via questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 190 students took part in the courses, 88 in the face-to-face course and 102 in the online course. Although both groups recorded a significant increase in knowledge as a result of the course intervention, the students in the face-to-face course showed significantly higher subjective satisfaction compared to their peers in the online course. CONCLUSION Case-based learning was shown to be a promising concept in thoracic surgery education, although establishing online learning procedures proved to be more challenging than presence-based teaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rathberger
- Abteilung für Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland.
| | - Michael Ried
- Abteilung für Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Hans-Stefan Hofmann
- Abteilung für Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
In his recent paper "Getting Real About Pretense: A Radical Enactivist Proposal", Daniel Hutto raises several objections against our so-called praxeological enactivist account of pretense (Weichold & Rucińska 2022). He argues that one should, instead, adopt his radical enactivist explanation of pretend play. In this short reply, we defend our praxeological enactivist account against his objections, and argue that it has crucial advantages over his radical enactivist alternative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Weichold
- Institute of Philosophy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zuzanna Rucińska
- Centre for Philosophical Psychology, University of Antwerp, Rodestraat 14, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schmid V, Wurzel A, Wetzel CH, Plössl K, Bruckmann A, Luckner P, Weber BHF, Friedrich U. Retinoschisin and novel Na/K-ATPase interaction partners Kv2.1 and Kv8.2 define a growing protein complex at the inner segments of mammalian photoreceptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:448. [PMID: 35876901 PMCID: PMC9314279 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The RS1 gene on Xp 22.13 encodes retinoschisin which is known to directly interact with the retinal Na/K-ATPase at the photoreceptor inner segments. Pathologic mutations in RS1 cause X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS), a hereditary retinal dystrophy in young males. To further delineate the retinoschisin-Na/K-ATPase complex, co-immunoprecipitation was performed with porcine and murine retinal lysates targeting the ATP1A3 subunit. This identified the voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel subunits Kv2.1 and Kv8.2 as direct interaction partners of the retinal Na/K-ATPase. Colocalization of the individual components of the complex was demonstrated at the membrane of photoreceptor inner segments. We further show that retinoschisin-deficiency, a frequent consequence of molecular pathology in XLRS, causes mislocalization of the macromolecular complex during postnatal retinal development with a simultaneous reduction of Kv2.1 and Kv8.2 protein expression, while the level of retinal Na/K-ATPase expression remains unaffected. Patch-clamp analysis revealed no effect of retinoschisin-deficiency on Kv channel mediated potassium ion currents in vitro. Together, our data suggest that Kv2.1 and Kv8.2 together with retinoschisin and the retinal Na/K-ATPase are integral parts of a macromolecular complex at the photoreceptor inner segments. Defective compartmentalization of this complex due to retinoschisin-deficiency may be a crucial step in initial XLRS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schmid
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Wurzel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian H Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Plössl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Bruckmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Luckner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard H F Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Friedrich
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hidalgo O. Der israelbezogene Antisemitismus und die Gratwanderung einer nicht-antisemitischen ‚Israelkritik‘ – Versuch einer demokratietheoretischen Mediation. Z Religion Ges Polit 2022; 6:161-187. [PMID: 35647482 PMCID: PMC9128316 DOI: 10.1007/s41682-022-00117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Die wichtige Debatte um den israelbezogenen Antisemitismus ist aktuell in eine Sackgasse geraten. Um zur Versachlichung der wissenschaftlich-öffentlichen Diskussion beizutragen, schlägt der vorliegende Artikel eine Differenzierung von subjektiv bewussten und unbewussten antisemitischen Ressentiments vor und bettet diese Unterscheidung in ein demokratietheoretisches Argument ein. Vor dem Hintergrund eines Demokratiebegriffs, der die komplexe Koexistenz von Einheit und Pluralität in demokratischen Gesellschaften ebenso impliziert wie das grundsätzliche Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Religion und Volksherrschaft, wird es dabei nicht nur möglich, den Staat Israel in nicht-antisemitischer Weise als jüdisches Kollektiv zu reflektieren, sondern auch einschlägige Aporien im Nahostkonflikt zu veranschaulichen. Auf dieser Basis erfolgt eine ausgewogene Auseinandersetzung mit dem von Kritiker:innen lancierten Apartheidvorwurfs gegenüber der israelischen Regierung sowie eine Einschätzung der palästinensischen Boykottbewegung BDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hidalgo
- Institut für Politikwissenschaft, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hidalgo O, Hildmann PW. Editorial zur Special Section „Neuer Antisemitismus?“. Z Religion Ges Polit 2022; 6:103-107. [PMID: 35573032 PMCID: PMC9081956 DOI: 10.1007/s41682-022-00114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hidalgo
- Institut für Politikwissenschaft, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Philipp W. Hildmann
- Kompetenzzentrum Gesellschaftlicher Zusammenhalt und Interkultureller Dialog, Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung, München, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sucholas J, Molnár Z, Łuczaj Ł, Poschlod P. Local traditional ecological knowledge about hay management practices in wetlands of the Biebrza Valley, Poland. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2022; 18:9. [PMID: 35193618 PMCID: PMC8862566 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Biebrza Valley is one of the largest complexes of wetlands (floodplain and percolation mire) and conservation sites in Central Europe. Local communities have managed the area extensively for subsistence and farming purposes for centuries; nonetheless, since the 1960s, hand mowing and livestock grazing have been gradually ceasing due to the intensification of farming, and wetlands have undergone natural succession. Currently, the protection of this vast ecosystem is challenging. Despite its remarkable cultural origin, the complexity of the traditional practices and knowledge of local people have never been studied comprehensively. Therefore, we found it urgent to explore if traditional ecological knowledge that could be used in conservation management of the area still exists among the local community. METHODS We interviewed 42 inhabitants of seven villages located in the Lower Basin of the Biebrza Valley (NE-Poland) in the consecutive years 2018-2020. We applied semi-structured, repeated interviews with farmers (aged 29-89), each lasting several hours. By using different ethnoecological methods (visual stimuli, walks in wetlands, co-mapping of the area), we explored traditional knowledge on the plants, landscape and traditional management of wetlands. RESULTS Farmers from the oldest generation, who used to manage wetlands with scythes, shared the deepest ecological knowledge. Local people divided wetlands into zones differentiated by vegetation type and hay quality. Depending on plant composition, people managed wetlands under a mixed regime: mowing once or twice a year during periods that ensured good hay quality and pasturing various livestock: cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and fowl. We identified at least 50 plant ethnospecies, which were described exhaustively by their habitat, morphological features, and mowing and grazing value. CONCLUSIONS The local community in the Biebrza Valley shared a deep traditional ecological knowledge and had a good memory of traditional farming practices. Research confirmed the unquestionable cultural origin of the local ecosystem, therefore in conservation endeavours the area should be treated first and foremost as a cultural landscape. The documented exceptional local perception of the wetland landscape, elements of traditional knowledge and complex farming practices should be considered for inclusion into conservation management, and cooperation with the local community should also be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sucholas
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- University of Applied Forest Sciences, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany
| | - Zsolt Molnár
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót, 2163 Hungary
| | - Łukasz Łuczaj
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, ul. Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Völkel V, Schatz S, Draeger T, Gerken M, Klinkhammer-Schalke M, Fürst A. Transanal total mesorectal excision: short- and long-term results of the first hundred cases of a certified colorectal cancer center in Germany. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:1172-1180. [PMID: 33650009 PMCID: PMC8758606 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2010, laparoscopic transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) has been increasingly used for low and very low rectal cancer. It is supposed to improve visibility and access to the dissection planes in the pelvis. This study reports on short- and long-term outcomes of the first 100 consecutive patients treated with TaTME in a certified German colorectal cancer center. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were derived from digital patient files and official cancer registry reports for patients with TaTME tumor surgery between July 2014 and January 2020. The primary outcome was the 3-year local recurrence rate and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OAS), disease-free survival (DFS), operation time, completeness of local tumor resection, lymph node resection, and postoperative complications. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed for the survival analyses; competing risks were considered in the time-to-event analysis. RESULTS During the observation period, the average annual operation time decreased from 272 to 178 min. Complete local tumor resection was achieved in 97% of the procedures. Major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo 3-4) occurred in 11% of the cases. At a median follow-up time of 2.7 years, three patients had suffered from a local recurrence. Considering competing risks, this corresponds to a 3-year cumulative incidence rate for local recurrence of 2.2% and a 3-year LRFS of 81.9%. 3-year OAS was 82.9%, and 3-year DFS was 75.7%. CONCLUSION TaTME is associated with favorable short and long-term outcomes. Since it is technically demanding, structured training programs and more research on the topic are indispensable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinzenz Völkel
- Tumorzentrum Regensburg - Institut für Qualitätssicherung und Versorgungsforschung der Universität Regensburg, Am BioPark 9, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Caritas Krankenhaus St. Josef Regensburg, Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie und Kardiologie, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Sabine Schatz
- Caritas Krankenhaus St. Josef Regensburg, Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral, Thoraxchirurgie und Adipositasmedizin, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Draeger
- Tumorzentrum Regensburg - Institut für Qualitätssicherung und Versorgungsforschung der Universität Regensburg, Am BioPark 9, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Caritas Krankenhaus St. Josef Regensburg, Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie und Kardiologie, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gerken
- Tumorzentrum Regensburg - Institut für Qualitätssicherung und Versorgungsforschung der Universität Regensburg, Am BioPark 9, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Monika Klinkhammer-Schalke
- Tumorzentrum Regensburg - Institut für Qualitätssicherung und Versorgungsforschung der Universität Regensburg, Am BioPark 9, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alois Fürst
- Caritas Krankenhaus St. Josef Regensburg, Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral, Thoraxchirurgie und Adipositasmedizin, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rupp M, Kern S, Walter N, Anastasopoulou L, Schnettler R, Heiss C, Alt V. Surgical treatment outcome after serial debridement of infected nonunion-A retrospective cohort study. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2022; 32:183-189. [PMID: 33772662 PMCID: PMC8741665 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-021-02930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reported outcome after multiple staged surgical treatment of infected nonunion is scarce. We, therefore, asked: (1) What is the clinical outcome in infected nonunion patients after multiple staged revision surgery? (2) Are different pathogens evidenced after surgical treatment in patients who have undergone more or less surgeries? METHODS All enrolled patients were surgically treated for long bone-infected nonunion between January 2010 and March 2018. Besides patients´ demographics outcome in terms of bony consolidation and major complications defined as death during inward treatment, amputation and recurrence of infection during follow-up of at least 12 months were assessed. Microbiological findings were assessed and compared between two groups with less than five versus five or more surgical revisions. RESULTS Bone consolidation was achieved in 86% of the patients while complications such as femoral or transtibial amputation, recurrence of infection or even death during inpatient treatment could be evidenced in six patients (14%). In patients who underwent multiple-stage surgery for five or more times, germ changes and repeated germ detection was more common than in patients with less surgeries. CONCLUSIONS Surgical treatment of infected nonunions poses a high burden on the patients with major complications occurring in about 14% of the patients using a multiple staged treatment concept. Future prospective studies comparing outcomes after limited with multiple staged revision surgeries are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rupp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Kern
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nike Walter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lydia Anastasopoulou
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 23, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Broer PN, Moellhoff N, Aung T, Forte AJ, Topka C, Richter DF, Colombo M, Sinno S, Kehrer A, Zeman F, Rohrich RJ, Prantl L, Heidekrueger PI. How to Approach Secondary Breast Reduction: International Trends and a Systematic Review of the Literature. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:2555-2567. [PMID: 33821309 PMCID: PMC8677686 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Secondary breast reduction is complex and poses significant challenges to surgeons. Complication rates exceed those of primary reduction, commonly caused by impaired vascular supply of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC). Literature on the topic is scare and provides contradicting recommendations, especially with regard to pedicle choice in cases with unknown primary reduction technique. Aim of this study was to investigate international trends and to compare findings with literature. Methods A large-scale web-based questionnaire on international trends in mammaplasty (mastopexy and breast reduction) was designed and distributed to over five thousand surgeons in eight geographic regions. The presented manuscript evaluated information regarding pedicle choice in secondary breast reduction and compared data to literature identified in a systematic review. Results The survey was completed by 1431 participants. Overall, secondary procedures were performed in less than 5% or in 5 to 10% of cases. The preferred pedicle for secondary reductions differed significantly between geographic regions (p<0.001). The majority of respondents reported to use a superior or supero-medial pedicle (34.8% and 32.2%, respectively). Residual analysis revealed a strong association between the use of an inferior pedicle and procedures performed in North America. Conclusions Secondary breast reduction is challenging and there remains international disparity with regard to pedicle choice for secondary procedures. Studies investigating outcome when the primary pedicle is unknown are scarce and provide incoherent recommendations. High-quality data is needed to provide evidence-based practice guidelines.
Level of Evidence III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Niclas Broer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, Muenchen Klinik Bogenhausen, Technical University Academic Teaching Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas Moellhoff
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thiha Aung
- Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antonio J Forte
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Charlotte Topka
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, Muenchen Klinik Bogenhausen, Technical University Academic Teaching Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk F Richter
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dreifaltigkeitskrankenhaus, Wesseling, Germany
| | - Martin Colombo
- Private practice in Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Andreas Kehrer
- Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Zeman
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Prantl
- Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul I Heidekrueger
- Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schroter FA, Günther BA, Jansen P. The effects of subliminal or supraliminal sadness induction on the sense of body ownership and the role of dissociative symptoms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22274. [PMID: 34782628 PMCID: PMC8592987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that emotions can alter our sense of ownership. Whether this relationship is modulated by differences in emotion experience and awareness, however, remains unclear. We investigated this by comparing the susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion (RHI) between participants who were either exposed to a low-arousing emotion induction (sadness) or placed in a neutral control group. Several factors that might influence this relationship were considered: dissociative symptoms were included to observe if a sadness induction led to a higher RHI score in participants scoring high in dissociation, as a result of detached emotion experience. Whether the level of awareness of the emotion mattered was also tested, as subliminal processing was shown to require less focal attention. Therefore, our sample (N = 122) was divided into three experimental groups: Sad pictures were presented to two of the three groups differing in presentation mode (subliminal: n = 40, supraliminal: n = 41), neutral pictures were presented supraliminally to the control group (n = 41). Additionally, the effects of slow (3 cm/s) and fast (30 cm/s) stroking, applied either synchronously or asynchronously, were examined as the comforting effects of stroking might interfere with the emotion induction. Results showed that the supraliminal sadness induction was associated with a stronger subjective illusion, but not with a higher proprioceptive drift compared to the subliminal induction. In addition, a stronger subjective illusion after fast and synchronous stroking was found compared to slow and asynchronous stroking. A significant proprioceptive drift was detected independent of group and stroking style. Both slow and synchronous stroking were perceived as more comforting than their respective counterparts. Participants with higher dissociative symptoms were more susceptible to the subjective illusion, especially in the supraliminal group in the synchronous condition. We concluded that individual differences in emotion experience are likely to play a role in body ownership. However, we cannot clarify at this stage whether differences in proprioception and the subjective illusion depend on the type of emotion experienced (e.g. different levels of arousal) and on concomitant changes in multisensory integration processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bianca A Günther
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Jansen
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rink S, Kaiser B, Steiner MS, Duerkop A, Baeumner AJ. Highly sensitive interleukin 6 detection by employing commercially ready liposomes in an LFA format. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:3231-3241. [PMID: 34773470 PMCID: PMC8590136 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have confirmed the ubiquitous applicability of lateral flow assays (LFA) in point-of-care testing (POCT). To make this technology available for low abundance analytes, strategies towards lower limits of detections (LOD), while maintaining the LFA’s ease of use, are still being sought. Here, we demonstrate how liposomes can significantly improve the LOD of traditional gold nanoparticle (AuNP)–based assays while fully supporting a ready-to-use system for commercial application. We fine-tuned liposomes towards photometric and fluorescence performance on the synthesis level and applied them in an established interleukin 6 (IL-6) immunoassay normally using commercial AuNP labels. IL-6’s low abundance (< 10 pg mL−1) and increasing relevance as prognostic marker for infections make it an ideal model analyte. It was found that liposomes with a high encapsulant load (150 mmol L−1 sulforhodamine B (SRB)) easily outperform AuNPs in photometric LFAs. Specifically, liposomes with 350 nm in diameter yield a lower LOD even in complex matrices such as human serum below the clinically relevant range (7 pg mL−1) beating AuNP by over an order of magnitude (81 pg mL−1). When dehydrated on the strip, liposomes maintained their signal performance for over a year even when stored at ambient temperature and indicate extraordinary stability of up to 8 years when stored as liquid. Whereas no LOD improvement was obtained by exploiting the liposomes’ fluorescence, an extraordinary gain in signal intensity was achieved upon lysis which is a promising feature for high-resolution and low-cost detection devices. Minimizing the procedural steps by inherently fluorescent liposomes, however, is not feasible. Finally, liposomes are ready for commercial applications as they are easy to mass-produce and can simply be substituted for the ubiquitously used AuNPs in the POCT market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rink
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaiser
- Microcoat Biotechnologie GmbH, 82347, Bernried am Starnberger See, Germany
| | | | - Axel Duerkop
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Reissmann A, Lange KW. The role of loneliness in university students' pathological Internet use - a web survey study on the moderating effect of social web application use. Curr Psychol 2021; 42:1-15. [PMID: 34803337 PMCID: PMC8589454 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of social web application use in the association between loneliness and pathological Internet use. A sample of university students (n = 445) completed an online survey of their loneliness and Internet use, including an assessment of pathological Internet use level. Based on existing theory and empirical findings, loneliness was expected to be indirectly associated with pathological Internet use through social-compensatory Internet use motives. The strength of this indirect effect was hypothesized to be moderated by levels of social web application use. Results pointed to the specificity of social-compensatory use motives in mediating loneliness effects on pathological Internet use, while the size of these effects was moderated by quantity of social web application use. Findings suggest that lonely people with higher levels of social web activity show a stronger social-compensatory use orientation, which translates to higher levels of pathological Internet use. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed and several suggestions for future studies are made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reissmann
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus W. Lange
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Graus TM, Brandstetter S, Seelbach-Göbel B, Melter M, Kabesch M, Apfelbacher C, Fill Malfertheiner S. Breastfeeding behavior is not associated with health literacy: evidence from the German KUNO-Kids birth cohort study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 304:1161-1168. [PMID: 33904955 PMCID: PMC8490221 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the health benefits of full breastfeeding for both infants and mothers, less than 50% of mothers in Germany practice this method for at least 4 months after childbirth. Because of the growing importance of health literacy to improve public health, we investigated the role of maternal health literacy in breastfeeding behavior. METHODS We analyzed the data of 1172 mother-child dyads of the KUNO-Kids health study of the University Children's and Maternity Hospital Regensburg. Maternal health literacy was assessed with the HLS-EU-Q47 questionnaire (sub-index health care) up to 48 h after childbirth. Outcome was analyzed 6 months after childbirth and categorized into full breastfeeding for less than 4 months or for at least 4 months. The association between breastfeeding and maternal health literacy was calculated with univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS 38.8% of mothers showed inadequate or limited health literacy. 75.9% of mothers had fully breastfed their child for at least 4 months. Univariable logistic regression analysis showed that health literacy and full breastfeeding for at least 4 months were not associated (OR = 0.995 [CI 0.977-1.015], p = 0.60). After adjusting for all potentially confounding variables with a significant association (p ≤ 0.05) on both health literacy and breastfeeding, the multivariable model showed no association between health literacy and breastfeeding (OR = 0.984 [CI 0.963-1.007], p = 0.170). CONCLUSION Surprisingly, we found no association between health literacy and breastfeeding behavior in our study. Therefore, future research with comparable measurements of health literacy and breastfeeding is required to validate this result and to identify reasons for early breastfeeding cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Graus
- University Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University Medical Center Regensburg, Steinmetzstr., 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Brandstetter
- University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Steinmetzstr., 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Germany
- The Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE), Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Seelbach-Göbel
- University Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University Medical Center Regensburg, Steinmetzstr., 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Melter
- University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Steinmetzstr., 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kabesch
- University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Steinmetzstr., 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Germany
- The Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE), Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sara Fill Malfertheiner
- University Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University Medical Center Regensburg, Steinmetzstr., 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Germany.
- The Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE), Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Simsek M, Wongkaew N. Carbon nanomaterial hybrids via laser writing for high-performance non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors: a critical review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6079-6099. [PMID: 33978780 PMCID: PMC8440307 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors possess superior stability and affordability in comparison to natural enzyme-based counterparts. A large variety of nanomaterials have been introduced as enzyme mimicking with appreciable sensitivity and detection limit for various analytes of which glucose and H2O2 have been mostly investigated. The nanomaterials made from noble metal, non-noble metal, and metal composites, as well as carbon and their derivatives in various architectures, have been extensively proposed over the past years. Three-dimensional (3D) transducers especially realized from the hybrids of carbon nanomaterials either with metal-based nanocatalysts or heteroatom dopants are favorable owing to low cost, good electrical conductivity, and stability. In this critical review, we evaluate the current strategies to create such nanomaterials to serve as non-enzymatic transducers. Laser writing has emerged as a powerful tool for the next generation of devices owing to their low cost and resultant remarkable performance that are highly attractive to non-enzymatic transducers. So far, only few works have been reported, but in the coming years, more and more research on this topic is foreseeable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Simsek
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nongnoot Wongkaew
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The main goal of this correlational study is to examine the changes in the amount and type of physical activity of students of various study programs during the coronavirus pandemic. Furthermore, the motives for these changes as well as their relationship with general well-being are investigated. Therefore, 243 students (sport science, humanities, natural sciences) answered questions concerning (a) the amount and type of their physical activity before and during the pandemic, (b) their well-being and (c) their optimism/pessimism. The main result of the study is that the type and the motives for sports and physical activity changed for the study participants during the coronavirus pandemic: Team sports and swimming decreased, while individual sports and physical activity not associated with a sports club/business and with digital media increased. In this study the difference in sports and physical activity seemed to be related to well-being, especially for the students of sport science and humanities. To conclude the study indicated that a change occurred in the type of sports and physical activity as well as change in the motives for physical exercise in students during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Pietsch
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Linder
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Jansen
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|