1
|
Kappenschneider T, Maderbacher G, Meyer M, Pagano S, Reinhard J, Michalk K, Grifka J, Holzapfel DE. [Risk and complication profiles of orthogeriatric patients in elective hip and knee joint replacement]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2024:10.1007/s00391-024-02295-3. [PMID: 38639823 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-024-02295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The care of geriatric patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery is becoming increasingly more important due to demographic trends. Compared to geriatric traumatology, however, there are still no established orthogeriatric care models in Germany and therefore hardly any scientific data. The aim of this study was to describe the risk and complication profiles in older patients with elective hip and knee replacements. METHODS In a prospective study data were collected from orthogeriatric patients with indications for elective hip and knee replacement surgery who fulfilled defined inclusion and exclusion criteria between January 2021 and August 2023 in the orthopedic department of a German university hospital for the descriptive analysis of risk and complication profiles. In addition to a preoperative and perioperative data analysis, a follow-up was conducted 4-6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS The surgical risk profile of the patient population analyzed was characterized by advanced age (78.4 ± 4.8 years), preobesity/obesity (76%), multimorbidity (7.4 ± 3.1 comorbidities), polypharmacy (7.5 ± 3.8 medications), immobility (short physical performance battery 7.1 ± 2.6), prefrailty/frailty (87%), frequent anticoagulation (22%) and a high number of potentially inappropriate medications (64%). Complication events mainly occurred within the first 7 days postoperatively and 90% of the events within this recording period were minor complications. The overall complication rate significantly decreased in the follow-up period. CONCLUSION Due to the high risk and complication profiles the routine use of orthogeriatric co-management models for elective orthopedic surgery should be considered in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kappenschneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie der Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland.
| | - Günther Maderbacher
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie der Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Meyer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie der Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie der Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Jan Reinhard
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie der Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Katrin Michalk
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie der Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie der Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Dominik Emanuel Holzapfel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie der Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pagano S, Valenti C, Negri P, Billi M, Di Michele A, Bruscoli S, Febo M, Coniglio M, Marinucci L. Acute and chronic cannabidiol treatment: In vitro toxicological aspects on human oral cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114513. [PMID: 38342230 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol is gaining increasing interest for its potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antineoplastic effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the biological effects of acute and chronic CBD administration on gingival fibroblasts and oral keratinocytes. Viability, morphology, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle, and expression of related genes (p53, BCL2, p21, and BAX) and of endocannabinoid system receptors (CB1, CB2 and GPR55) with real-time PCR and DNA damage with phospho-γ-H2AX immunofluorescence detection were analyzed. Concentrations between 100 μM and 0.001 μM were used: 50 μM (toxic dose), 25 μM (viability promoter), and 1 μM (nontoxic), were selected for subsequent chronic analysis. Acute treatment reveals significant effects than chronic, in particular in fibroblasts: concentrations ≥50 μM are highly cytotoxic, with increased apoptosis and reduced migration. Cell death correlates with increased p53 and BAX, followed by arrest in G0/G1 phase, with elevated p21 levels, suggesting a time- and dose-dependent damage. An increase in H2AX phosphorylation was observed with 25 μM and 50 μM, while 1 μM was biocompatible. Keratinocytes showed less cytotoxic effect than fibroblasts. Induced cell damage was dose- and time-related, with less damage after chronic treatment. Further investigations are needed with longer time frames to evaluate CBD dose- and time-dependent effects to identify an effective therapeutic dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Valenti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy; CISAS "Giuseppe Colombo", University of Padua, Via Venezia, 15, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Paolo Negri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Monia Billi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marta Febo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Coniglio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caruso S, Valenti C, Marinucci L, Di Pasquale F, Truppa C, Di Benedetto G, Caruso S, Pagano S. Systematic Review of Zinc's Benefits and Biological Effects on Oral Health. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:800. [PMID: 38399049 PMCID: PMC10890596 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review was based on the following question: "What is the state-of-the-art regarding the effect of zinc exposure in the oral cavity on a population of adults and children, compared to dental products containing materials other than zinc, considering in vivo (clinical trials and observational studies) and in vitro studies?" according to a PICOS strategy format. This study aims to analyze zinc application in dental materials, with different compositions and chemical formulations, considering how mechanical and biological properties may influence its clinical applicability. METHODS In vivo (clinical trials: controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs); and observational studies: case control and cohort studies) trials or in vitro studies published in English or Italian during the last 10 years on children and adult patients with zinc exposure were included by three different reviewers using the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. RESULTS Titles and abstracts were evaluated following the eligibility criteria. The full texts of eligible studies were then reviewed against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Scientific and technical information of the 33 included studies were collected into evidence tables, reporting data on in vivo and in vitro studies. A narrative approach was adopted. CONCLUSIONS Antibacterial activity was found to be the most studied property of zinc, but further investigations are needed to establish adjuvant zinc therapies in patients with oral disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Paediatric Dentistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Chiara Valenti
- CISAS “Giuseppe Colombo”, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 15, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Di Pasquale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Claudia Truppa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Giulia Di Benedetto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Paediatric Dentistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Sara Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Paediatric Dentistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maderbacher G, Baier C, Meyer M, Holzapfel D, Pagano S, Grifka J, Greimel F. [Navigation and robotics-current status and future implications]. Orthopadie (Heidelb) 2024; 53:107-116. [PMID: 38294695 PMCID: PMC10844471 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-023-04468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both navigation systems and robotics enable greater precision in the implantation of an artificial knee joint. However, they do not improve clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that although implantation of a total knee arthroplasty results in reconstruction of the alignment in the coronal plane, the variable rotational tibial and variable translational femoral and tibial component positioning lead to a change in the remaining alignment parameters of the lower extremity. However, these parameters could be determined using a navigation system or robot and could represent future implications for these systems. METHODS The kinematics and the position between femur and tibia before and after implantation of a total knee arthroplasty were determined using a navigation system in nine healthy knee joints of Thiel-fixed whole-body cadavers. RESULTS After arthroplasty, there was no change in the natural coronal alignment. In extension and the early degrees of flexion, the rotational position of the femur relative to the tibia was altered. This also led to a change in the positioning of the medial and lateral epicondyle in relation to the tibia; while both epicondyles were positioned more laterally in relation to the tibia after arthroplasty, the lateral epicondyle was significantly more lateral in relation to the tibia up to 20° of flexion. DISCUSSION Following arthroplasty of a knee joint using the established technique, a good reconstruction of the coronal alignment was achieved with simultaneous changes in the alignment in both the rotational and translational directions between the femur and tibia. Using navigation as well as robotics, we would be able to quantify all alignment parameters and could achieve an alignment of the components or a reconstruction of the overall alignment in all six degrees of freedom. We might also be able to achieve a clinical advantage or increase the service life even further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günther Maderbacher
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland.
| | - Clemens Baier
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Meyer
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Dominik Holzapfel
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Felix Greimel
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cianetti S, Federici G, Coniglio M, Valenti C, Lombardo G, Pagano S. Covid-19 pandemic and clinical activity stop: oral health study in a group of children. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:1. [PMID: 38323516 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2024.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM Public and private health services, which provide both preventive and health promotion interventions, were forced to suddenly stop their activities to limit the risk of infections during the pandemic emergency. Oral health administration, including that of children, was affected by these planned medical service closures, from both therapeutic and preventive perspectives. This study aims to analyse the consequences, at the oral cavity level, of failures to treat patients of childhood age, considering the impact of carious pathology on quality of life and incorrect eating and oral hygiene habits, which may occur in this age group. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, single-center, observational study. One hundred patients from the Odontostomatological University Center (C.O.U.) of Perugia were randomly enrolled. CONCLUSION Oral health status of the examined sample is satisfactory overall, considering the clinic's interruption of treatments with the resulting long period of no follow-up and the emotional and economic stress generated by the pandemic condition for both the young patients and their caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Cianetti
- Odontostomatological University Centre (C.O.U), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Gambuli 1, Perugia (PG), 06129, Italy
| | - G Federici
- Odontostomatological University Centre (C.O.U), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Gambuli 1, Perugia (PG), 06129, Italy
| | - M Coniglio
- Odontostomatological University Centre (C.O.U), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Gambuli 1, Perugia (PG), 06129, Italy
| | - C Valenti
- Odontostomatological University Centre (C.O.U), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Gambuli 1, Perugia (PG), 06129, Italy
| | - G Lombardo
- Odontostomatological University Centre (C.O.U), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Gambuli 1, Perugia (PG), 06129, Italy
| | - S Pagano
- Odontostomatological University Centre (C.O.U), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Gambuli 1, Perugia (PG), 06129, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Caruso S, De Felice ME, Valenti C, Pagano S, Caruso S, Gatto R, Lombardo G. An evaluation of the Invisalign® Aligner Technique and consideration of the force system: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2024; 13:43. [PMID: 38281057 PMCID: PMC10821231 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since its introduction 25 years ago, the Invisalign® system has undergone multiple digital and biomechanical evolutions and its effectiveness is often compared to traditional systems without considering the many differences which characterize them. The main aim of this systematic review is to look at the literature dealing with studies on teeth movements using the Invisalign® system and the management of these movements through digital planning and artificial intelligence. MATERIALS AND METHODS The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, and CENTRAL. Unpublished studies were searched on ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Research Register, and Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database. RESULTS Twenty-four studies (15 retrospective, 5 prospective, 2 pilot, and 2 case-control) were included. The results of the analysis carried out on the available literature show that the Invisalign® system is recognized to be a valid alternative to conventional orthodontic treatment in no-extraction cases. The results are influenced by the methods for assessing the effectiveness of this technique and by the comparison bias of the traditional system with the innovative digital system. CONCLUSIONS Since the introduction of SmartForce and SmartTrack material, the efficacy of the treatment has improved. There is still a shortage of high-quality evidence concerning the treatment modality. In order to make the treatment with the aligners more efficient, a correct management of the ClinCheck® software and a proper use of the biomechanics are necessary. The aligned force-driven system should be taken into account when developing the digital planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Elena De Felice
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Chiara Valenti
- CISAS "Giuseppe Colombo", University of Padua, Via Venezia, 15, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Gatto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Guido Lombardo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pagano S, Müller K, Alt V, Maderbacher G, Holzapfel DE, Baumann F, Freigang V. [Navigated or conventional acetabular surgery : Comparison of positional accuracy exemplified by the infra-acetabular screw]. Unfallchirurgie (Heidelb) 2024; 127:44-53. [PMID: 36929038 PMCID: PMC10786994 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-023-01304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The principle of joint-preserving treatment of acetabular fractures is the anatomic reduction of joint-bearing elements and internal osteosynthesis. For stabilization of the anterior and posterior columns against each other, the infra-acetabular screw (IAS) is regularly used in the clinical routine. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the position of the IAS in the infra-acetabular corridor after navigated placement and after freehand placement. MATERIAL AND METHOD The position of the screw was evaluated in 42 patients using multiplanar reconstructions. The screw was placed freehand in 30 patients and using image-guided navigation in 12 patients. In addition to measurement of the position of the screw, demographic data, operating time, radiation exposure and blood loss were recorded. RESULTS The vast majority of the patients were male (86%), the median age was 67 years and the median body mass index (BMI) was 25 kg/m2. The median operating time was 166 min and the median blood loss was 900 ml. The adjusted values in the whole sample considering the position of the screw were: distance of screw to cartilage mean value (m) = 3.8 mm, distance of screw to corridor center m = 3.5 mm and angle of screw to corridor m = 1.4°. There were no differences between the groups in the demographic parameters and the accuracy of positioning of the screw (p-value > 0.05). There was a longer irradiation time and a higher radiation dose in the navigated group compared to the group without navigation (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION With appropriate experience both procedures are comparable taking into account the accuracy. Taking into consideration other perioperative parameters, such as radiation exposure and planned operating time, patient-related factors should be taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland.
| | - Karolina Müller
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Volker Alt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Günther Maderbacher
- Orthopädische Klinik für die Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Dominik E Holzapfel
- Orthopädische Klinik für die Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Florian Baumann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Viola Freigang
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pagano S, Holzapfel S, Kappenschneider T, Meyer M, Maderbacher G, Grifka J, Holzapfel DE. Arthrosis diagnosis and treatment recommendations in clinical practice: an exploratory investigation with the generative AI model GPT-4. J Orthop Traumatol 2023; 24:61. [PMID: 38015298 PMCID: PMC10684473 DOI: 10.1186/s10195-023-00740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to transformative advancements in diverse sectors, including healthcare. Specifically, generative writing systems have shown potential in various applications, but their effectiveness in clinical settings has been barely investigated. In this context, we evaluated the proficiency of ChatGPT-4 in diagnosing gonarthrosis and coxarthrosis and recommending appropriate treatments compared with orthopaedic specialists. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted using anonymized medical records of 100 patients previously diagnosed with either knee or hip arthrosis. ChatGPT-4 was employed to analyse these historical records, formulating both a diagnosis and potential treatment suggestions. Subsequently, a comparative analysis was conducted to assess the concordance between the AI's conclusions and the original clinical decisions made by the physicians. RESULTS In diagnostic evaluations, ChatGPT-4 consistently aligned with the conclusions previously drawn by physicians. In terms of treatment recommendations, there was an 83% agreement between the AI and orthopaedic specialists. The therapeutic concordance was verified by the calculation of a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.580 (p < 0.001). This indicates a moderate-to-good level of agreement. In recommendations pertaining to surgical treatment, the AI demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 78% and 80%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that the variables reduced quality of life (OR 49.97, p < 0.001) and start-up pain (OR 12.54, p = 0.028) have an influence on ChatGPT-4's recommendation for a surgery. CONCLUSION This study emphasises ChatGPT-4's notable potential in diagnosing conditions such as gonarthrosis and coxarthrosis and in aligning its treatment recommendations with those of orthopaedic specialists. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that AI tools such as ChatGPT-4 are not meant to replace the nuanced expertise and clinical judgment of seasoned orthopaedic surgeons, particularly in complex decision-making scenarios regarding treatment indications. Due to the exploratory nature of the study, further research with larger patient populations and more complex diagnoses is necessary to validate the findings and explore the broader potential of AI in healthcare. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Holzapfel
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Regensburg, Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kappenschneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Matthias Meyer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Günther Maderbacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Dominik Emanuel Holzapfel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kappenschneider T, Bammert P, Maderbacher G, Greimel F, Holzapfel DE, Schwarz T, Götz J, Pagano S, Scharf M, Michalk K, Grifka J, Meyer M. The impact of elective total hip and knee arthroplasty on physical performance in orthogeriatric patients: a prospective intervention study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:763. [PMID: 37990164 PMCID: PMC10664286 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a prevalent condition in older adults that leads to reduced physical function in many patients and ultimately requires hip or knee replacement. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of hip and knee arthroplasty on the physical performance of orthogeriatric patients with osteoarthritis. METHODS In this prospective study, we used data from 135 participants of the ongoing Special Orthopaedic Geriatrics (SOG) trial, funded by the German Federal Joint Committee (GBA). Physical function, measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), was assessed preoperatively, 3 and 7 days postoperatively, 4-6 weeks and 3 months after hip and knee arthroplasty. For the statistical analysis, the Friedman test and post-hoc tests were used. RESULTS Of the 135 participants with a mean age of 78.5 ± 4.6 years, 81 underwent total hip arthroplasty and 54 total knee arthroplasty. In the total population, SPPB improved by a median of 2 points 3 months after joint replacement (p < 0.001). In the hip replacement group, SPPB increased by a median of 2 points 3 months after surgery (p < 0.001). At 3 months postoperatively, the SPPB increased by a median of 1 point in the knee replacement group (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Elective total hip and knee arthroplasty leads to a clinically meaningful improvement in physical performance in orthogeriatric patients with osteoarthritis after only a few weeks. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is part of the Special Orthopaedic Geriatrics (SOG) trial, German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00024102. Registered on 19 January 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kappenschneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany.
| | - Philip Bammert
- Department of Health Economics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Günther Maderbacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Felix Greimel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | | | - Timo Schwarz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Julia Götz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Markus Scharf
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Katrin Michalk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Matthias Meyer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Bad Abbach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pagano S, Müller K, Götz J, Reinhard J, Schindler M, Grifka J, Maderbacher G. The Role and Efficiency of an AI-Powered Software in the Evaluation of Lower Limb Radiographs before and after Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5498. [PMID: 37685563 PMCID: PMC10487842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging analysis has significantly impacted musculoskeletal radiology, offering enhanced accuracy and speed in radiograph evaluations. The potential of AI in clinical settings, however, remains underexplored. This research investigates the efficiency of a commercial AI tool in analyzing radiographs of patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty. The study retrospectively analyzed 200 radiographs from 100 patients, comparing AI software measurements to expert assessments. Assessed parameters included axial alignments (MAD, AMA), femoral and tibial angles (mLPFA, mLDFA, mMPTA, mLDTA), and other key measurements including JLCA, HKA, and Mikulicz line. The tool demonstrated good to excellent agreement with expert metrics (ICC = 0.78-1.00), analyzed radiographs twice as fast (p < 0.001), yet struggled with accuracy for the JLCA (ICC = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.72-0.84), the Mikulicz line (ICC = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.32-0.90), and if patients had a body mass index higher than 30 kg/m2 (p < 0.001). It also failed to analyze 45 (22.5%) radiographs, potentially due to image overlay or unique patient characteristics. These findings underscore the AI software's potential in musculoskeletal radiology but also highlight the necessity for further development for effective utilization in diverse clinical scenarios. Subsequent studies should explore the integration of AI tools in routine clinical practice and their impact on patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, 93077 Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Karolina Müller
- Center for Clinical Studies, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Götz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, 93077 Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Jan Reinhard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, 93077 Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Melanie Schindler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, 93077 Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, 93077 Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Günther Maderbacher
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, 93077 Bad Abbach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Holzapfel DE, Meyer M, Thieme M, Pagano S, von Kunow F, Weber M. Delay of total joint replacement is associated with a higher 90-day revision rate and increased postoperative complications. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:3957-3964. [PMID: 36333532 PMCID: PMC9638434 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-022-04670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Delay of elective surgeries, such as total joint replacement (TJR), is a common procedure in the current pandemic. In trauma surgery, postponement is associated with increased complication rates. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of postponement on surgical revision rates and postoperative complications after elective TJR. METHODS In a retrospective analysis of 10,140 consecutive patients undergoing primary total hip replacement (THR) or total knee replacement (TKR) between 2011 and 2020, the effect of surgical delay on 90-day surgical revision rate, as well as internal and surgical complication rates, was investigated in a university high-volume arthroplasty center using the institute's joint registry and data of the hospital administration. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression models were used to adjust for confounding variables. RESULTS Two thousand four hundred and eighty TJRs patients were identified with a mean delay of 13.5 ± 29.6 days. Postponed TJR revealed a higher 90-day revision rate (7.1-4.5%, p < 0.001), surgical complications (3.2-1.9%, p < 0.001), internal complications (1.8-1.2% p < 0.041) and transfusion rate (2.6-1.8%, p < 0.023) than on-time TJR. Logistic regression analysis confirmed delay of TJRs as independent risk factor for 90-day revision rate [OR 1.42; 95% CI (1.18-1.72); p < 0.001] and surgical complication rates [OR 1.51; 95% CI (1.14-2.00); p = 0.04]. CONCLUSION Alike trauma surgery, delay in elective primary TJR correlates with higher revision and complication rates. Therefore, scheduling should be performed under consideration of the current COVID-19 pandemic. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III-retrospective cohort study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Emanuel Holzapfel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Center, Regensburg University, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany.
| | - Matthias Meyer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Center, Regensburg University, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Max Thieme
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Center, Regensburg University, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Center, Regensburg University, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Frederik von Kunow
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Barmherzige Brueder Regensburg Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Weber
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Barmherzige Brueder Regensburg Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baumann F, Pagano S, Alt V, Freigang V. Bony Sacral Volume after Sacro-Iliac Screw Fixation of Pelvic Fractures Is Dependent on Reduction of the Anterior Pelvic Ring. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4169. [PMID: 37373862 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic ring injuries are uncommon but serious injuries. Percutaneous sacro-iliac screw fixation (SSF) is the standard treatment for posterior stabilization of pelvic fractures. Compression forces of the SSF might cause deformity of the sacrum and the pelvic ring. The aim of this radio-volumetric study is to evaluate the morphometry of the sacrum and pelvic ring in SSF for posterior pelvic fractures. (1) Methods: We conducted a radio-volumetric study measuring the bony sacral volume before and after SSF for a pelvic fracture based on a three-dimensional reconstruction of the pre- and postoperative computed tomography scan of 19 patients with a C-type pelvic fracture. In addition to the bony sacral volume, we assessed the pelvic deformity and the load bearing axis. We compared the results of patients without anterior stabilization (Group A) to patients who had additional ORIF of the anterior pelvic ring. (2) Results: Median age of the patients was 41.2 years (±17.8). All patients received percutaneous SSF with partially threaded 7.3 mm screws. The sacral volume decreased from 202.9 to 194.3 cm3 in group A (non-operative treatment anterior, n = 10) and an increase of sacral volume from 229.8 to 250.4 cm3 in group B (anterior ORIF; n = 9). Evaluation of the pelvic deformity also reflected this trend by a decrease of the ipsilateral load-bearing angle in group A (37.0° to 36.4°) and an increase of this angle in group B (36.3 to 39.9°). (3) Conclusions: Bony sacral volume and pelvic deformity after sacro-iliac screw fixation in pelvic fractures depend on treatment of the anterior pelvic ring. Reduction and fixation of the anterior fracture shows an increase of the bony sacral volume and the load bearing angle leading to a closer to normal reconstruction of the pelvic anatomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Baumann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Viola Freigang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guillamat-Prats R, Hering D, Rami M, Haerdtner C, Santovito D, Rinne P, Pagano S, Nicolas Vuilleumier N, Schmid S, Janjic A, Enard W, Weber C, Maegdefessel L, Hilgendorf I, Steffens S. GPR55 deficiency in B-cells promotes atherosclerosis and regulates plasma cell maturation. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic and multifactorial disease accompanied by an imbalance between resolving and pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Targeting lipid signaling might offer new therapeutical targets for improving the clinical outcome in cardiovascular disease patients. We considered lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) and its receptor G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)55 as a potential modulator of atherosclerosis. Its role in regulating atherosclerosis and B cell function is unknown.
We hypothesize that GPR55 signaling affects atherosclerosis by regulating B cell function.
Atherosclerotic plaques were compared between apolipoprotein-E-deficient (ApoE−/−) and ApoE−/−Gpr55−/− mice after 4 to 16 weeks Western Diet (WD; 0.15% cholesterol; n=12–15 per group). To test the role of B cell GPR55, we generated mixed chimeras by irradiating low density lipoprotein receptor deficient (Ldlr−/−) mice and reconstituting with a mixture of μMT and wildtype or μMT and Gpr55−/− bone marrow cells. Circulating B cells were sorted and bulk RNA sequencing analysis was performed. We performed atheroma plaque characterization, qPCR and ELISA of tissue lysates and measure plasma immunoglobulins. Circulating and tissue leukocyte counts were determined.
We confirmed Gpr55 expression on circulating B cells, which was higher compared to T and myeloid cells. ApoE−/−Gpr55−/− mice had significantly larger plaques after 4 & 16 weeks WD compared to ApoE−/−, with increased body weight & cholesterol levels. In addition, global Gpr55 deficiency resulted in enhanced aortic pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression, a massively upregulated IgG levels and increased counts of splenic germinal center and plasma cells. ApoE−/−Gpr55−/− B-cell RNA-seq analysis showed 460 differential expressed genes compared to ApoE−/−. The main pathways affected were calcium ion transport, immunoglobulin production, T & B cell activation, and cellular response to stress. B cell specific Gpr55 deficiency blunted the metabolic effects but still translated in larger atherosclerotic plaques and elevated plasma IgG levels.
Both global and B cell-restricted Gpr55 deficiency promotes atherosclerosis and is associated with a pro-inflammatory phenotype.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The authors received funds from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (STE1053/6-1, STE1053/8-1 to S.S. and SFB1123 to S.S., C.W. and L.M.), the German Ministry of Research and Education (DZHK FKZ 81Z0600205 to S.S.) and the LMU Medical Faculty FöFoLe program (1061 to R.G.P.). I.H. is supported by the DFG (HI1573/2 and CRC1425 #422681845).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Guillamat-Prats
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK-LMU) , Munich , Germany
| | - D Hering
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK-LMU) , Munich , Germany
| | - M Rami
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK-LMU) , Munich , Germany
| | - C Haerdtner
- University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I , Freiburg , Germany
| | - D Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK-LMU) , Munich , Germany
| | - P Rinne
- University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - S Pagano
- Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland
| | | | - S Schmid
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK-LMU) , Munich , Germany
| | - A Janjic
- Ludwig-Maximilians University, Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, , Munich , Germany
| | - W Enard
- Ludwig-Maximilians University, Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, , Munich , Germany
| | - C Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK-LMU) , Munich , Germany
| | | | - I Hilgendorf
- University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I , Freiburg , Germany
| | - S Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK-LMU) , Munich , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Caggiano M, Scelza G, Amato A, Orefice R, Belli S, Pagano S, Valenti C, Martina S. Estimating the 18-Year Threshold with Third Molars Radiographs in the Southern Italy Population: Accuracy and Reproducibility of Demirjian Method. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191610454. [PMID: 36012087 PMCID: PMC9408143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The estimation of the age of the majority of living subjects is widely required nowadays due to the presence of unidentifiable individuals, without documents and general information, involved in migration or legal procedures. Dental age estimation (DAE) is a valid method for investigating the age of subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Demirjian method in a limited age group (16-24 years) in differentiating between older and younger than 18 years. From an initial sample of 17,594 radiographs, 460 were selected meeting the inclusion criteria. Two dentists provided the age estimate according to the Demirjian method, with a simplified approach based on the development of the third molars. The presence of a developmental stage of H for at least one third molar allowed to establish the major age if the other third molars, inferior or superior, have reached a stage equal or superior to F, with an accuracy of 90.2% and a predictive positive value of 91.6%. Thirty-three patients showed the development of at least one third molar (Stage H) before the age of 18 years while six patients showed the development of all four third molars with root completion (stage H) before the age of 18 years. When all third molars reached stage H an individual was over 18 years old in 97.4% of cases. In presence of one third molar on stage H and a stage equal or superior to F for the other third molars the probability of being of major age was 91.6%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caggiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scelza
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Raffaele Orefice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Simona Belli
- ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Strada Comunale del Principe, 13/a, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Odontostomatological University Centre, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Valenti
- Odontostomatological University Centre, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Martina
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Valenti C, Isabella Federici M, Masciotti F, Marinucci L, Xhimitiku I, Cianetti S, Pagano S. Mechanical properties of 3D-printed prosthetic materials compared with milled and conventional processing: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Prosthet Dent 2022:S0022-3913(22)00415-2. [PMID: 35934576 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Three-dimensional (3D) additive manufacturing (AM) is an evolving technology in dentistry, proposed as an alternative to subtractive milling manufacture (MM) or conventional processing. However, a systematic review of the use of AM technology instead of milling or conventional processing is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the mechanical properties of 3D-printed prosthetic materials compared with MM and conventional techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic search of the literature was conducted on the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were in vitro studies published in the last 5 years, in English or Italian, and with 3D AM printed dental prosthetic materials. Data extraction was focused on dental prosthetic materials (ceramics, polymers, and metals) and their mechanical properties: flexural strength, fracture load, hardness, roughness, removable partial denture (RPD) fit accuracy, trueness, marginal discrepancy, and internal fit. Data considered homogenous were subjected to meta-analysis using the Stata17 statistical software program (95% confidence interval [CI]; α=.05). Since all variables were continuous, the Hedge g measure was calculated. A fixed-effects model was used for I2=0%, while the statistical analysis was conducted using a random-effects model with I2>0%. RESULTS From a total of 3624 articles, 2855 studies were selected, and 76 studies included after full-text reading. The roughness of AM-printed ceramics generally increased compared with that of conventional processing while the marginal discrepancy was comparable both for ceramics and polymers. The flexural strength, hardness, and fracture load of AM-printed polymers were statistically lower than those of the conventional group (P<.05). No significant difference was detected in terms of hardness, roughness, marginal discrepancy, fracture load, trueness, or internal fit between the AM and MM techniques (P>.05). Milling techniques showed significantly higher values of flexural strength (Hedge g=-3.88; 95% CI, -7.20 to -0.58; P=.02), also after aging (Hedge g=-3.29; 95% CI, -6.41 to -0.17; P=.04), compared with AM printing. CONCLUSIONS AM is comparable with MM in terms of mechanical properties, in particular with polymeric materials. The flexural strength of AM-printed prostheses is lower than with conventional and MM techniques, as are the parameters of hardness and fracture load, while the marginal discrepancy is similar to that of MM and conventional techniques. AM prostheses are commonly used for interim crowns and fixed partial dentures, as their rigidity and fracture resistance cannot support mastication forces for extended periods. More comparative studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valenti
- Graduate student, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Isabella Federici
- Graduate student, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Masciotti
- Student, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Researcher, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Iva Xhimitiku
- PhD student, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali "Giuseppe Colombo" - CISAS, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianetti
- Professor, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Researcher, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pagano S, Alfaiate D, Juillard C, Frias M, Magenta A, Martino F, Sciaqua A, Succurro E, Burger F, Brandt K, Andreozzi F, Mach F, Perticone M, Vuilleumier N. High antibody titers against apolipoprotein-A1 in NAFLD: A possible link between fatty liver disease and CVD? Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
17
|
Guillamat-Prats R, Hering D, Rami M, Hädtner C, Santovito D, Rinne P, Bindila L, Hristov M, Pagano S, Vuilleumier N, Schmid S, Janjic A, Enard W, Weber C, Maegdefessel L, Faussner A, Hilgendorf I, Steffens S. B cell-specific GPR55 deficiency promotes atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
18
|
Schmiedeberg K, Abela IA, Pikor NB, Vuilleumier N, Schwarzmueller M, Epp S, Pagano S, Grabherr S, Patterson AB, Nussberger M, Trkola A, Ludewig B, Von Kempis J, Rubbert-Roth A. POS1215 IMMUNE CORRELATES AND CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS FOLLOWING VACCINATION WITH ANTI SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BASED VACCINES: RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE, OBSERVATIONAL AND CONTROLLED STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundVaccines are highly effective in preventing COVID-19 associated hospitalization and deaths. Strong and persistent immune responses are critical to provide protection for patients with immunomodulatory therapies.ObjectivesTo assess humoral and cellular immune responses following 2 doses of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA based vaccine in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Immune responses in patients treated with csDMARDs, bDMARDs (with the exception of rituximab) and JAK inhibitors were compared to healthy controls (HC) over 24 weeks. In addition, disease activity by CDAI and vaccine-induced side effects were prospectively monitored.MethodsThe RECOVER trial (Rheumatoid Covid-19 Vaccine Immune Response) is a non-randomised, prospective observational control group trial and enrolled 77 RA patients on DMARD therapy and 21 HC. Clinical assessment and blood sampling was performed at baseline, 3 weeks after the 1st and 2 weeks after the 2nd vaccine dose and at week 12 and 24 after the 1st. Antibody response to the receptor binding domain (RBD) within the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein was measured with the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2-S (Roche Diagnostics GmbH) test. The seroprofiling assay ABCORA, which has been suggested as a surrogate for neutralization,1 was used to determine IgG, IgA and IgM responses to RBD, S1, S2 and N. The neutralizing activity NT50 at week 12 was assessed against Wuhan-Hu-1 pseudoviruses (HIV-based). IFN-y ELISpots were applied to detect spike-reactive T cell responses after in vitro stimulation with a spike peptide mix.ResultsBaseline characteristics of participants are detailed in Table 1. Vaccination was well tolerated with no differences between RA patients and HC. At baseline, the majority of RA patients were in remission/LDA (57/77, 74%), this proportion decreased to 51% (39/77) after the second vaccine dose (p = 0.005). Treatment adjustments were required in 11/77 patients. The immunogenicity analyses were based on 73 RA patients after exclusion of 4 patients with previously unnoticed SARS-CoV-2 infection (positive for anti-nucleoprotein). In contrast to HC, anti-S titers were lower at all timepoints with significantly reduced titers observed in patients on abatacept and JAK inhibitors (Figure 1). Potent neutralizing activity (NT50 ≥ 250)) was detected in all HC at week 12, in contrast to 62% RA patients. NT50 correlated to the results based on the ABCORA assay. Peak anti-S titers (2 weeks after 2nd vaccine) were predictive of NT50 ≥ 250 at week 12 (p < 0.0001). In contrast to marked differences in the humoral immune responses, spike-protein specific IFN-α secreting T cells were largely unaltered by different DMARD regimen.Table 1.Baseline characteristicsRA patients (n = 77)HC (n = 21)p-valueAge (yrs), mean (± SD)64 (13)44 (14)< 0.0001Female, n (%)46 (60)15 (71)NSVaccination typemRNA-1273, n (%)12 (16)0 (0)0.06BNT162b2, n (%)65 (84)21 (100)Disease activity (CDAI)Remission (≤ 2.8), n (%)17/77 (22)Low (2.9 - 10), n (%)40/77 (52)Moderate (10.1 - 22.0), n (%)15/77 (20)High (22.1 - 76.0), n (%)5/77 (7)DMARD therapyMono csDMARDs, n (%)22/77 (29)bDMARDs, n (%)35/77 (46)Mono bDMARDs, n (%)14/35 (40)JAKi, n (%)20/77 (26)Mono JAKi, n (%)8/20 (40)Prednisone, n (%)25/77 (33)Mean daily dose (mg ± SD)5.6 ± 3.6ConclusionRA patients, in comparison with HC, revealed a slower kinetic and lower magnitude of humoral immune responses depending on the treatment regimen while T cell responses were largely maintained. Peak anti-S responses two weeks after the second vaccine were able to predict the development of potent neutralizing activity and should therefore be considered to individually tailor vaccination strategies.References[1]Abela I et al. Nature Commun 2021. doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27040-xDisclosure of InterestsKristin Schmiedeberg: None declared, Irene A. Abela: None declared, Natalia Barbara Pikor: None declared, Nicolas Vuilleumier: None declared, Magdalena Schwarzmueller: None declared, Selina Epp: None declared, Sabrina Pagano: None declared, Sarah Grabherr: None declared, Angelica Brooke Patterson: None declared, Madalina Nussberger: None declared, Alexandra Trkola: None declared, Burkhard Ludewig: None declared, Johannes von Kempis: None declared, Andrea Rubbert-Roth Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB, BMS, Lilly, Gilead, Roche, Consultant of: Abbvie, Gilead, Lilly, BMS, Sanofi
Collapse
|
19
|
Schmiedeberg K, Abela IA, Vuilleumier N, Pagano S, Von Kempis J, Rubbert-Roth A. POS1277 LONGTERM IMMUNOGENICITY AND TOLERABILITY OF A 3RD DOSE OF AN mRNA ANTI-SARS-CoV-2 VACCINE IN RA PATIENTS WITH AN INADEQUATE RESPONSE TO A PREVIOUS STANDARD TWO DOSE REGIMEN. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundLower seroconversion rates have been reported in patients with rheumatic diseases receiving immunomodulatory therapies following a standard mRNA-based vaccine regimen. Data with regard to immunogenicity and safety of a 3rd vaccine dose in this patient population is limited1.ObjectivesWe aim to study immunogenicity, vaccine associated side effects and the occurrence of flares in RA patients unresponsive to a standard vaccine regimen eligible for a 3rd vaccine dose.MethodsRA patients who had a low or absent anti-S1 response after 12 (Cohort A) or 24 weeks (Cohort B) following a standard vaccination regimen received a 3rd vaccine dose. Temporary discontinuation of DMARD therapy was recommended. Serum samples were collected before, 2, 12, and 24 weeks after the 3rd vaccine dose. Quantitative measurement of anti-S was performed using the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit assay. Neutralizing activity (NT50) against Wuhan WT and αasβ-, γ-, and δ- variants was assessed by using a HIV-based pseudovirus system.ResultsBaseline characteristics are shown in Table 1. 45/47 patients temporarily discontinued DMARD therapy: Mtx and JAKi were paused one 1 week before/restarted 2 weeks after the 3rd vaccine dose, bDMARDs were paused 2 weeks before/restarted 2 weeks after the 3rd dose. Local pain and/or systemic vaccine associated side effects following the 3rd vaccine dose were reported in 12/17 (71%) in Cohort A, and 10/29 (35%) patients in Cohort B (p = 0.018). Flares were defined as loss of low disease activity (LDA), subsequent to the 3rd vaccine dose and occurred in 17/47 (36%) patients (p = 0.0332) with comparable frequencies in both cohorts (41% Cohort A, 33% Cohort B (NS)).Table 1.Baseline characteristics of RA patients in Cohort A and Cohort BRA patients (n = 17) Cohort ARA patients (n = 30) Cohort Bp-valueAge (yrs), mean (± SD)69 (8)63.9 (8)NSFemale sex, n (%)9 (53)13 (43)NSVaccination type/schedulemRNA-1273/BNT162b2, n=3/145/25NSRA disease characteristicsACPA ± RF, n (%)13 (77)12 (40)0.02*Disease activity (CDAI)Remission (≤ 2.8), n (%)3 (18)6 (20)NSLDA (2.9 - 10), n (%)11 (64)18 (60)NSModerate CDAI (10.1 - 22.0), n (%)2 (12)3 (10)NSHigh CDAI (22.1 - 76.0), n (%)1 (6)3 (10)NSDMARD therapyNSMonotherapy of csDMARDs, n (%)2/17 (12)10/30 (33)NSbDMARDs ± csDMARDs, n (%)8/17 (47)14/30 (47)NSJAKi ± csDMARDs, n (%)7/17 (41)6/30 (20)NSPrednisone, n (%)5/17 (29)11/30 (37)NSMean daily dose prednisone (mg ± SD)4.1 ± 1.64.1 ± 1.5NSLow or absent anti-S titers were confirmed before the third vaccination (Cohort A: median 19.5 U/ml, IQR 0.47-57; cohort B: median 65.9 U/ml, IQR 22-154) (p = 0.0018). Two weeks after the 3rd dose, a rapid and significant increase in anti-S were observed in 12/17 (82%) and 25/28 (89%) patients (Cohort A: median 2500 U/ml, IQR 798-2500; Cohort B: median 2500 U/ml, IQR 2500-2500) (NS). High levels of anti-S were maintained in the majority of patients 55% (11/20) until week 12 in both cohorts (Figure 1). NT50 against Wuhan-WT and other variants was assessed in 21 patients 2 weeks after the 3rd vaccine dose revealing a low or absent NT50 against delta in 38% of patients despite a median anti-S response of 2500 U/ml (IQR 798-2500). 14/21 patients had peak anti-S titres of 2500 U/ml, of those 12/14 developed a strong NT50 response against the delta variant.Figure 1.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that a 3rd vaccine dose, maybe complimented by temporary discontinuation of DMARD therapy, may lead to a rapid increase in anti-S antibodies when using a homologous vaccine and profound neutralizing activity in the majority of RA patients previously unresponsive to a standard two dose regimen. This seems to be independent of the interval to the previous standard vaccine regimen. As flares occurred in 36% of all patients, the necessity and length of DMARD discontinuation should be explored in more detail to balance between sustained control of disease activity and optimized vaccine induced immune responses.References[1]Schmiedeberg K, et al. Lancet Rheumatol 2022; 4(1): e11-e13Disclosure of InterestsKristin Schmiedeberg: None declared, Irene A. Abela: None declared, Nicolas Vuilleumier: None declared, Sabrina Pagano: None declared, Johannes von Kempis Speakers bureau: Lilly, Consultant of: Abbvie, BMS, Pfizer, and Sanofi, Andrea Rubbert-Roth Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB, BMS, Lilly, Gilead and Roche, Consultant of: Abbvie, Gilead, Lilly, BMS, and Sanofi
Collapse
|
20
|
Valenti C, Billi M, Pancrazi GL, Calabria E, Armogida NG, Tortora G, Pagano S, Barnaba P, Marinucci L. Biological Effects of Cannabidiol on Human Cancer Cells: Systematic Review of the Literature. Pharmacol Res 2022; 181:106267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
21
|
Pagano S, Lombardo G, Coniglio M, Donnari S, Canonico V, Antonini C, Lomurno G, Cianetti S. Autism spectrum disorder and paediatric dentistry: A narrative overview of intervention strategy and introduction of an innovative technological intervention method. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:54-60. [PMID: 35274543 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2022.23.01.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM When treating patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) the doctor-patient relationship can be very challenging. The dentist is often forced to work under general anaesthesia or conscious sedation. Children with ASD are patients with an increased risk of caries due to poor oral hygiene, a cariogenic diet and the use of xerostomal drugs. In this work therapeutic strategies used to treat this kind of patients are evaluated and a new method to treat children with ASD is presented in order to increase awareness about this condition in the dental field. METHODS The Atlas Center (a non-profit organisation in Peurgia, Italy) has developed a software, called paINTeraction, that allows these special children to immerse themselves in a virtual reality with the help of an operator. Through this system the child can explore the dental office (and all its sounds and noises) before the real dental visit, thus connecting to the dental professional, achieving greater compliance and reducing anxiety. CONCLUSION paINTeraction, with the use of digital technology tools, may be particularly well suited to introduce patients to the therapeutic environment, particularly in the dental setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pagano
- Odontostomatological University Centre (C.O.U), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - G Lombardo
- Odontostomatological University Centre (C.O.U), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M Coniglio
- Odontostomatological University Centre (C.O.U), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - C Antonini
- Odontostomatological University Centre (C.O.U), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - G Lomurno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Cianetti
- Odontostomatological University Centre (C.O.U), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Barone C, Cirillo C, Carapella G, Granata V, Santoro D, Attanasio C, Pagano S. Effect of the substrate on the electrical transport and fluctuation processes in NbRe and NbReN ultrathin films for superconducting electronics applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1573. [PMID: 35091643 PMCID: PMC8799732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NbRe-based superconducting thin films recently received relevant interest in the field of low-temperature electronics. However, for these materials the electrical conduction mechanisms, in particular in the normal state, still need to be investigated in more detail. Here, NbRe and NbReN films of different thicknesses have been deposited on two different substrates, namely monocrystalline Si and [Formula: see text] buffered Si. The films were characterized by DC electrical transport measurements. Moreover, a connection with the charge carriers fluctuation processes has been made by analyzing the electrical noise generated in the normal state region. Despite the films morphology seems not to be affected by the substrate used, a lower noise level has been found for the ones grown on [Formula: see text], in particular for NbReN. From this study it emerges that both NbRe and NbReN ultrathin films are of very good quality, as far as the low-temperature electrical noise and conduction are concerned, with noise levels competitive with NbN. These results may further support the proposal of using these materials in a nanowire form in the field of superconducting electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Barone
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - C Cirillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - G Carapella
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - V Granata
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - D Santoro
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Attanasio
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - S Pagano
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Di Candia F, Marchetti V, Cirillo F, Di Minno A, Rosano C, Pagano S, Siano MA, Falco M, Assunto A, Boccia G, Magliacane G, Pinna V, De Luca A, Tartaglia M, Di Minno G, Strisciuglio P, Melis D. RASopathies and hemostatic abnormalities: key role of platelet dysfunction. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:499. [PMID: 34857025 PMCID: PMC8638204 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bleeding anomalies have been reported in patients affected by Noonan syndrome. No study has been performed in patients with molecularly confirmed RASopathy. We aimed to characterize the frequency and types of bleeding disorders in patients with RASopathies and evaluate any significant association with laboratory findings. Patients and methods Forty-nine individuals (PTPN11, n = 27; SOS1, n = 7; RIT1, n = 3; SPRED1, n = 1; LZTR1, N = 3; RAF1, n = 2; BRAF, n = 4; MEK1, n = 1; MEK2, n = 1), and 49 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. The “Paediatric Bleeding Questionnaire Scoring Key” was administered to patients and families. Laboratory screening tests including clotting factors dosing, platelet count, Prothrombin Time and Partial Thromboplastin Time, were employed both in patients and controls to characterize the bleeding diathesis. A subgroup of 29/49 patients and 29/49 controls was also tested for platelet function. Results Regardless of the gene involved, pathological paediatric bleeding scores were recorded in 14/49 (28.5%) patients. Indeed, 7 were mutated in PTPN11, 3 in SOS1, 2 in RIT1, 1 in BRAF, and 1 in MEK1. Compared to patients with normal bleeding scores, those with pathologic bleeding score showed higher prevalence of splenomegaly (p = 0.006), prolonged aPTT (p = 0.04), lower levels of coagulation factor V (FV, p = 0.001), FVII (p = 0.003), FX (p = 0.0008) and FXIII (p = 0.002), higher vWAg (p = 0.04), and lower platelet sensitivity to Ristocetin (p = 0.001), arachidonic acid (AA) (p = 0.009) and collagen (p = 0.01). The presence of hematomas inversely correlated with factor V (p = 0.002), factor VII (p = 0.003), factor X (p = 0.002) and factor XIII (p = 0.004) levels, and directly correlated with platelet response to collagen (p = 0.02) and AA (p = 0.01). The presence of splenomegaly directly correlated with the presence of hematoma (p = 0.006), platelet response to Ristocetin (p = 0.04) and AA (p = 0.04), and inversely correlated with factor V levels (p = 0.03). Conclusions Patients with RASopathies and a bleeding tendency exhibit multiple laboratory abnormalities, including platelet-related disorders. Splenomegaly is frequently detected and might be a suggestive sign for qualitative platelet dysfunction. A comprehensive clinical assessment should be carried out at diagnosis, during the follow-up and before any surgical procedures. Since there is currently no consensus on management of bleeding complications, it is important that physicians closely monitor these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Candia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Cirillo
- Regional Reference Centre for Coagulation Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Regional Reference Centre for Coagulation Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Rosano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Siano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.,Pediatric Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Falco
- Pediatric Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonia Assunto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Boccia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gerardo Magliacane
- Clinic Pathology, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Pinna
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Minno
- Regional Reference Centre for Coagulation Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy. .,Pediatric Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pagano S, Alfaiate D, Juillard C, Frias M, Magenta A, Martino F, Sciaqua A, Succurro E, Burger F, Brandt KJ, Andreozzi F, Mach F, Perticone M, Vuilleumier N. Autoantibodies directed against apolipoprotein A-1 as a potential contributor to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) represents an increasing cause of liver disease worldwide. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Although NAFLD pathophysiology is not fully understood alterations in fat metabolism seem to play a role. Autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-1 (anti-apoA-1 IgG) are a novel cardiovascular risk factor to which have been recently attributed a metabolic role in addition to a well-established macrophage-mediated inflammatory effect and have a function as a disruptor of the cholesterol pathway.
Purpose
This study aims at evaluating a possible role of anti-apoA-1 IgG in NAFLD.
Methods
Serum from 137 NAFLD patients were tested for anti-apoA-1 IgG prevalence. In vitro, SREBP1, SREBP2 expressions were assessed in the human hepatic cell line HepaRG by western blot analysis and bodipy staining was used to evaluate the lipid droplet content. Mescoscale technology platform was used to measure TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines/chemokines in HepaRG supernatants. Oil Red O staining was used to detect lipid accumulation in liver sections from ApoE−/− mice.
Results
Elevated anti-apoA-1 IgG seropositivity was found in patients with NAFLD (46%). In vitro, anti-apoA-1 IgG and not control IgG induced lipid accumulation in hepatic cells (5.9 vs 2.5, P=0.0008) and this lipid overload was associated with a high SREBP1 but not SREBP2 expression. Furthermore, anti-apoA-1 IgG and not control antibodies caused a significant large increase of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (680 vs. 163 pg/mL, P=0.03) and TNF-α (391 vs 266 pg/mL, P=0.04) as well as of the chemokine IL-8 (174.1 vs. 72.6 ng/mL, P=0.03) detected in the hepatic cell supernatants. In vivo, anti-apoA-1 IgG and not control IgG also induced higher lipid accumulation in the livers of ApoE−/− mice (1.23 vs 0.53, P=0.03).
Conclusion
Anti-apoA-1 IgG are frequent in NAFLD, cause a strong inflammatory response and promote lipid accumulation through SREBP1 activation in human hepatic cells. We hypothesize that anti-apoA1 IgG may be a potential contributor in the development of NAFLD.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Geneva University Hospital
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pagano
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - C Juillard
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Frias
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Magenta
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Traslational Pharmacology (IFT), Rome, Italy
| | - F Martino
- Umberto I Polyclinic of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Sciaqua
- Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - E Succurro
- Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - F Burger
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K J Brandt
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Andreozzi
- Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - F Mach
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Perticone
- Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pagano S, Yerly S, Suh N, Le Terrier C, Farrera-Soler L, Piumatti G, Eberhardt CS, Siegrist CA, Eckerle I, Stringhini S, Guessous I, Kaiser L, Pugin J, Winssinger N, Vuilleumier N. Sars-CoV2- infection as a trigger of humoral response against apolipoprotein A-1. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Unravelling autoimmune targets triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection may provide crucial insights in the physiopathology of the disease and foster the development of potential therapeutic candidate targets and prognostic tools. SARS-CoV-2 autoimmune-mediated inflammation have been reported, but the existence of autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-1 (anti-apoA-1 IgG) in COVID-19 remains unexplored. Anti-apoA-1 IgGs have emerged as an independent biomarker for cardiovascular disease and mortality in humans with proinflammatory and proatherogenic functions in vivo and in vitro.
Purpose
We want to determine i) the degree of homology between SARS-CoV-2, apoA-1, and Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) epitopes, ii) the association between anti-SARSCoV2 and anti-apoA-1 IgGs, and iii) their relationship to prognosis.
Methods
We performed bioinformatics modelling coupled with mimetic peptides engineering, as well as functional and competition assays with antibodies to identify molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2, apoA-1 and TLR2 epitopes. Anti-Spike domain 1 (SD1) IgGs, anti-apoA-1 IgGs and against mimic peptides, as well as cytokines were assessed by immunoassays on a case-control (n=101), an intensive care unit (ICU; n=126) with a 28-days follow-up for overall mortality, and a general population cohort (n=663) with available samples in the pre and post-pandemic period.
Results
Linear sequence homologies and antibodies cross-reactivity between apoA-1, TLR2, and Spike epitopes were identified. Overall, anti-apoA-1 IgG levels were higher in COVID-19 patients or anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals than in healthy donors or anti-SARS-CoV-2 seronegative individuals (p<0.0001). Significant and similar associations were noted between anti-apoA-1, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, cytokines, and lipid profile. In ICU patients, anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-apoA-1 seroconversion rates displayed similar 7-days kinetics, reaching 82% for anti-apoA-1 seropositivity. C-statistics (CS) indicated that baseline anti-Spike/TLR2 mimic-peptide IgGs displayed a significant prognostic accuracy for overall mortality at 28 days (CS: 0.64; p=0.02). In the general population, SARS-CoV-2 exposure increased baseline anti-apoA-1 IgG levels.
Conclusions
COVID-19 induces a marked humoral response against the major protein of high-density lipoproteins. As a correlate of poorer prognosis in other clinical settings, such autoimmunity signatures may relate to long-term COVID-19 prognosis assessment and warrant further scrutiny in the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): This study was funded by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Swiss School of Public Health (Corona Immunitas research program), the Fondation de Bienfaisance du Groupe Pictet, the Fondation Ancrage, the Fondation Privée des HUG, and the Center for Emerging Viral Diseases. The De Reuter (grant Nr 657) and the Schmidheiny Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pagano
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Yerly
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Suh
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Le Terrier
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - G Piumatti
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - C A Siegrist
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I Eckerle
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Stringhini
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I Guessous
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Kaiser
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Pugin
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Frias M, Pagano S, Nasim B, Sidibe J, Kamau F, Lecour S, Strijdom H, Thomas A, Vuilleumier N. HIV-infected patients display increased proatherogenic anti-apolipoprotein A1 autoantibodies, inflammatory and metabolomic markers. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
HIV-infected patients display an increased risk of cardiovascular events. HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have both been suggested to increase this risk but their specific role remains unclear. Autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A1 (anti-apoA1 IgG) are also associated with cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to analyse anti-apoA1 IgG levels and inflammatory markers as well as the metabolomic profile in a cohort of HIV-free, ART-experienced and naïve HIV-infected patients.
Methods
144 participants from a South African cohort were categorised into HIV-free (n=50), HIV-infected/ART-experienced (n=50) and HIV-infected/ART-naïve (n=44) groups. The levels of anti-apoA1 IgG were assessed by homemade ELISA assays. We performed targeted metabolomic analyses using standard operating procedures and measured inflammatory biomarkers using the Meso Scale Discovery® platform. Additionally, we conducted in vitro experiments on human aortic endothelial cells treated with anti-apoA1 IgG and assessed levels of adhesion molecules.
Results
Inflammatory markers (IFNg, IL-6, IL-10, TNFa, CRP all p<0.05), circulating adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, p<0.05), anti-apoA1 IgG levels were increased in HIV-infected patients compared to HIV-free participants.
While ART treatment significantly reduced IFNg, IL-10, TNFa, VCAM-1, anti-apoA1 IgG levels, no significant differences were observed in other biomarkers between ART-experienced and naïve participants. Treatment of human aortic endothelial cells with anti-apoA1 IgG (40μg/ml) induced a significant increase in these adhesion molecules compared to cells treated with control IgG (40μg/ml). Metabolomic analyses identified 257 endogenous circulating metabolites in plasma. Among these metabolites, we found that in HIV-free and infected patients 14 and 17 metabolites were significantly correlated with anti-apoA1 IgG levels, respectively. Among these 17 metabolites, 2 were positively correlated with the tryptophan pathway; kynurenine (r=0.292, p=0.0069) and 5-hydroxyindolacetate (r=0.316, p=0.0019). Interestingly, kynurenine was not significantly correlated with anti-apoA1 IgG levels in HIV-free patients.
Conclusion
HIV-infected patients displayed a more proatherogenic profile compared to HIV-free subjects. Anti-apoA1 IgG induced adhesion molecules expression. Metabolomics identified metabolites that were significantly associated with anti-apoA1 IgG levels and inflammatory biomarkers known to underlie atherosclerosis burden.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Frias
- University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Pagano
- University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Nasim
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Sidibe
- University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Kamau
- University of Stellenbosch, Division of Medical Physiology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Lecour
- University of Cape Town, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H Strijdom
- University of Stellenbosch, Division of Medical Physiology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Thomas
- University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Siano MA, Marchetti V, Pagano S, Di Candia F, Alessio M, De Brasi D, De Luca A, Pinna V, Sestito S, Concolino D, Tartaglia M, Strisciuglio P, D'Esposito V, Cabaro S, Perruolo G, Formisano P, Melis D. Risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with RASopathies: systematic study of humoral and cellular immunity. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:410. [PMID: 34600590 PMCID: PMC8487584 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities of the immune system are rarely reported in patients affected by RASopathies. Aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of immune system dysfunction in a cohort of patients affected by RASopathies. STUDY DESIGN A group of 69 patients was enrolled: 60 at the Federico II University, Naples, 7 at University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 2 at "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Salerno. An age- and sex-matched control group was also enrolled. Autoimmune disorders were investigated according to international consensus criteria. Immune framework was also evaluated by immunoglobulin levels, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56 lymphocyte subpopulations, autoantibodies levels and panel of inflammatory molecules, in both patients and controls. RESULTS Frequent upper respiratory tract infections were recorded in 2 patients; pneumonia, psoriasis and alopecia in single patients. Low IgA levels were detected in 8/44 patients (18.18%), low CD8 T cells in 13/35 patients (37.14%). Anti-tg and anti-TPO antibodies were detected in 3/24 patients (12.5%), anti r-TSH in 2 cases (8.33%), all in euthyroidism. Serum IgA and CD8 levels were significantly lower in patients than in controls (p 0.00685; p 0.000656 respectively). All tested patients showed increased inflammatory molecules compared to controls. These findings may anticipate the detection of overt autoimmune disease. CONCLUSIONS Patients affected by RASopathies are at risk to develop autoimmune disorders. Routine screening for autoimmunity is recommended in patients with RASopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Siano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Salerno, Italy
| | - V Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali- Sez. di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - S Pagano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali- Sez. di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - F Di Candia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali- Sez. di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - M Alessio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali- Sez. di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - D De Brasi
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, A.O.R.N. "Santobono-Pausillipon", Napoli, Italy
| | - A De Luca
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - V Pinna
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - S Sestito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università "Magna Graecia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - D Concolino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università "Magna Graecia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - M Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - P Strisciuglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali- Sez. di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - V D'Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" & Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
| | - S Cabaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" & Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
| | - G Perruolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" & Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
| | - P Formisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" & Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
| | - D Melis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Salerno, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali- Sez. di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pagano S, Negri P, Coniglio M, Bruscoli S, Di Michele A, Marchetti MC, Valenti C, Gambelunghe A, Fanasca L, Billi M, Cianetti S, Marinucci L. Heat-not-burn tobacco (IQOS), oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes: cytotoxicity, morphological analysis, apoptosis and cellular cycle. An in vitro study. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:917-928. [PMID: 34018192 PMCID: PMC8518503 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work is to investigate the biological effects of IQOS smoking on human gingival fibroblasts and human keratinocytes analysing cell viability, morphology, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle. BACKGROUND Electronic cigarettes and tobacco heating systems have been marketed to reduce smoking damages caused by combustion. METHODS Human gingival fibroblasts and human keratinocytes viability was determined by a colorimetric assay measuring mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (MTT assay); after an in vitro exposure of 24 h, cell morphology was analysed with scanning electron microscope and cell migration was tested by Scratch assay, a method to mimic the migration of the cells during wound healing in vivo. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analysed with flow cytometry, and the expression of related genes (p53, Bcl2, p16 and p21) was indagated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS IQOS extracts increased both cell viability (23%-41% with fibroblasts and 30%-79% with keratinocytes) and migration. No morphological alterations were observed. IQOS extracts did not induced an increase in cell death, but rose the number of S- and G2/M-phase cells. IQOS extracts also significantly increased p53 expression by fibroblasts (undiluted and 6.25% dilution, 2- and 3.6-fold higher, respectively) and reduced both Bcl2 (about two- and fivefold, respectively) and p21 expressions (about twofold with both extracts), while on keratinocytes both undiluted and 6.25% dilution extracts increased Bcl2 expression (about four- and threefold higher, respectively) and reduced p53 expression (about two- and fivefold, respectively). CONCLUSION IQOS smoke seemed to induce proliferation as highlighted by a viability assay, and migration and cell cycle analysis. The increased cell proliferation induced by IQOS devices must be carefully investigated for its possible clinical effects on oral cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryOdontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano CianettiUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Paolo Negri
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryOdontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano CianettiUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Maddalena Coniglio
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryOdontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano CianettiUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of Medicine and SurgerySection of PharmacologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | | | - Chiara Valenti
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryOdontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano CianettiUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Angela Gambelunghe
- Department of Medicine and SurgerySection of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and ToxicologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Luca Fanasca
- Department of Molecular Medicine BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Monia Billi
- Department of Medicine and SurgerySection of General PathologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Stefano Cianetti
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryOdontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano CianettiUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Medicine and SurgerySection of Biosciences and Medical EmbryologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pagano S, Alfaiate D, Juillard C, Frias M, Magenta A, Martino F, Sciacqua A, Succurro E, Burger F, Brandt K, Andreozzi F, Mach F, Perticone M, Vuilleumier N. Autoantibodies directed against apolipoprotein-A1 as a potential contributor to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Frias M, Berarpour N, Pagano S, Sidibé J, Kamau F, Lecour S, Strijdom H, Thomas A, Vuilleumier N. HIV-infected patients display increased proatherogenic anti-apolipoprotein A1 autoantibodies, inflammatory and metabolomic markers. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Muzzarelli F, Marinucci L, Cianetti S, Lomurno G, Barilotti C, Pagano S. Full-mouth adhesive treatment in bulimia-related dental erosions: a clinical case. Dental Cadmos 2021. [DOI: 10.19256/d.cadmos.05.2021.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
32
|
Mariniello G, Pagano S, Meglio V, Barbato M, Russo C, Pontillo G, Di Stasi M, Elefante A. Multiple vertebral hemangiomas of the thoracic spine with atypical radiological features and aggressive behavior causing myelopathy: A case report. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
33
|
Pagano S, Lombardo G, Caponi S, Costanzi E, Di Michele A, Bruscoli S, Xhimitiku I, Coniglio M, Valenti C, Mattarelli M, Rossi G, Cianetti S, Marinucci L. Bio-mechanical characterization of a CAD/CAM PMMA resin for digital removable prostheses. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e118-e130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
34
|
Di Trolio A, Amore Bonapasta A, Barone C, Leo A, Carapella G, Pagano S, Polimeni A, Testa AM. Transport mechanisms in Co-doped ZnO (ZCO) and H-irradiated ZCO polycrystalline thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2368-2376. [PMID: 33449979 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06401g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the electrical resistivity (ρ) as a function of the temperature (T) has been measured in polycrystalline ZnO, Co-doped ZnO (ZCO) and H irradiated ZCO (HZCO) samples, in the 300-20 K range. The achieved results show impressive effects of Co doping and H irradiation on the ZnO transport properties. The Co dopant increases the ZnO resistivity at high T (HT), whereas it has an opposite effect at low T (LT). H balances the Co effects by neutralizing the ρ increase at HT and strengthening its decrease at LT. A careful analysis of the ρ data permits to identify two different thermally activated processes as those governing the charge transport in the three materials at HT and LT, respectively. The occurrence of such processes has been fully explained in terms of a previously proposed model based on an acceptor impurity band, induced by the formation of Co-oxygen vacancy complexes, as well as known effects produced by H on the ZnO properties. The same analysis shows that both Co and H reduce the effects of grain boundaries on the transport processes. The high conductivity of HZCO in the whole T-range and its low noise level resulting from electric noise spectroscopy make this material a very interesting one for technological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Di Trolio
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, U.O.S. di Tor Vergata, Via del fosso del cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - A Amore Bonapasta
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo St., Roma, Italy
| | - C Barone
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.,CNR-SPIN, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - A Leo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - G Carapella
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - S Pagano
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.,CNR-SPIN, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - A Polimeni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A M Testa
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo St., Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Satta N, Pagano S, Gencer B, Kaiser L, Hartley O, Mach F, Calmy A, Vuilleumier N. C-terminus apoa-1 mimetic peptides to detect cognate auto-antibodies and reverse HIV-induced foam cell formation. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
36
|
Vuilleumier N, Anderson J, Pagano S, Virzi J, Annema W, Hartley O, Mach F, Bakker S, Tietge U. Autoantibodies to C-terminal apolipoprotein a-1 as independent predictors of graft failure in renal transplant recipients. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
37
|
Vuilleumier N, Antiochos P, Pagano S, Marques-Vidal P, Virzi J, Satta N, Hartley O, Brandt K, Burger F, Montecucco F, Waeber G, Mach F. Antibodies against the C-terminus of apolipoprotein A-1 as predictors of death in the general population but not as therapeutic targets actionable through cognate peptides immunomodulation. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
38
|
Frias M, Berarpour N, Pagano S, Sidibé J, Kamau F, Lecour S, Strijdom H, Thomas A, Vuilleumier N. Levels of anti-apolipoprotein A1 autoantibodies are associated with inflammatory response and metabolomic changes in HIV patients. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
39
|
Pagano S, Lombardo G, Costanzi E, Balloni S, Bruscoli S, Flamini S, Coniglio M, Valenti C, Cianetti S, Marinucci L. Morpho-functional effects of different universal dental adhesives on human gingival fibroblasts: an in vitro study. Odontology 2020; 109:524-539. [PMID: 33211211 PMCID: PMC7954759 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the effects of four universal adhesives (Optibond Solo Plus—OB, Universal Bond—UB, Prime&Bond Active—PBA, FuturaBond M + —FB) on human gingival fibroblasts in terms of cytotoxicity, morphology and function. After in vitro exposure for up to 48 h, fibroblast viability was determined by the MTT assay determined, morphology by phase-contrast microscopy and migration by the scratch wound assay. Expression levels of IL1β, IL6, IL8, IL10, TNFα and VEGF genes were assessed by RT-PCR and their protein production by Western blot analysis. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. OB and UB induced early morphological changes on fibroblasts (3 h) with extended cell death at 24 h/48 h. Gene expression of collagen type I and fibronectin increased fivefold compared with controls, elastin disappeared and elastase increased threefold, indicating gingival tissue tended to become fibrotic. Only UB and OB increased gene expression of inflammatory markers: IL1β at 3 and 48 h (up to about three times), IL6 and IL8 at 3 h (up to almost four times) which corresponded to the increase of the activated form NF-kB. All adhesives showed an effect on the functionality of fibroblasts with cytotoxic effect time and concentration dependent. Among all the OB and UB adhesives, they showed the greatest cell damage. The in-depth analysis of the effects of universal adhesives and possible functional effects represents an important information for the clinician towards choosing the most suitable adhesive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Lombardo
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Egidia Costanzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Balloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Flamini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Coniglio
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Valenti
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianetti
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Frias M, Berarpour N, Pagano S, Sidibe J, Kamau F, Lecour S, Strijdom H, Thomas A, Vuilleumier N. Evaluation of antiretroviral therapy on metabolomics and atherogenic markers in HIV patients. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
HIV-infected patients display an increased risk of cardiovascular events. HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have both been suggested to increase the risk of cardiovascular events but their specific role remains unclear.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to analyse the metabolomic profile in a cohort of HIV-free, ART experienced and naïve HIV-infected patients and to identify the metabolite associated with atherosclerosis development and endothelial dysfunction. The impact of ART on inflammatory and autoimmune biomarkers known to underlie atherosclerosis burden was also investigated.
Methods
144 participants from a South African cohort were divided in three groups: HIV-free (n=50), HIV-infected/ART experienced (n=50) and HIV-infected/ART naïve (n=44). Targeted metabolomic analyses were performed using standard operating procedures. Atherosclerosis development was evaluated using coronary intima-media thickness (CITM) and endothelial dysfunction by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Inflammatory biomarkers were measured with the Meso Scale Discovery® platform. The levels of autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A1 (anti-apoA1 IgG) and its specific C-terminal domain (anti-F3L1) levels were assessed by homemade ELISA assays.
Results
257 endogenous metabolites were identified in the 144 samples. Regarding the association of metabolites with the vascular markers, eight metabolites were found to be associated with FMD and eleven with CIMT. Among these metabolites, cytosine was negatively correlated with FMD (r=−0.22, p=0.009), while positively with CIMT (r=0.20, p=0.026). Interestingly, from the list of these 18 metabolites, ART-experienced patients displayed an increase in kynurenine (p=0.0007) and 3–2-hydroxyphenyl-propanoate (p=0.0009) levels and a decrease in itaconate (p=0.021) levels compared to ART-naïve patients. HIV-infected patients displayed a more proatherogenic profile compared to HIV-free subjects. Inflammatory markers (IFNg, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, CRP all p<0.05), circulating adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, p<0.05), anti-apoA1 IgG and anti-F3L1 (p<0.05) and CIMT (p=0.05) were increased while FMD (p=0.054) was decreased in HIV-infected patients compared to HIV-free participants. While ART treatment significantly reduced IFNg, IL-10, TNFα, VCAM-1, anti-apoA1 IgG and anti-F3L1, no significant differences were observed in other biomarkers between ART-experienced and naïve participants.
Conclusion
Metabolomic analysis identified metabolites that were differentially expressed in the 3 groups. 18 metabolites were significantly correlated with FMD or CITM, among which the levels of kynurenine, 3–2-hydroxyphenyl-propanoate and itaconate were modulated by ART. HIV patients displayed increased levels of inflammatory markers, circulating adhesion molecules and anti-apoA1 IgG which was downregulated by ART.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Fondation De Reuter; Fondation Schmidheiny; Fondation Prévot; SwissLife AG; Fondation pour la lutte pour le cancer et la recherche bio-médicale
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Frias
- University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - S Pagano
- University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Sidibe
- University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Kamau
- University of Stellenbosch, Division of Medical Physiology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Lecour
- University of Cape Town, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H Strijdom
- University of Stellenbosch, Division of Medical Physiology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Thomas
- University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vuilleumier N, Antiochos P, Marques Vidal P, Virzi J, Pagano S, Satta N, Hartley O, Brandt K, Burger F, Montecucco F, Kutalik Z, Waeber G, Mach F, Vollenweider P. Antibodies against the c-terminus of apoA-1 as predictors of death in the general population but not as therapeutic targets actionable through cognate peptides immunomodulation. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-1 (anti-apoA-1 IgGs) have emerged as an independent biomarker for cardiovascular disease and mortality in humans, promote death in ApoE−/− mice, and seem to be preferentially oriented against the c-terminal part of apoA-1 (cterA1). Corresponding specific mimetic peptides were shown to reverse anti-apoA-1 IgG pro-inflammatory effects in vitro. We evaluated the association of IgG against c-terminus apoA-1 (anti-cterA1 IgGs) with all-cause mortality in the community and tested the ability of two cterA1 mimetic peptides to reverse the anti-apoA-1 IgG-induced inflammation in vitro and mortality in ApoE−/− mice.
Methods
Anti-cterA1 IgGs were measured on serum samples of 5220 consecutive participants included in the CoLaus study with median follow-up duration of 5.6 years. The primary study outcome was all-cause mortality. Two chemically engineered optimized cterA1 mimetic peptides were tested i) on HEK cells to modulate interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-α) production, and ii) in apoE−/− mice exposed to 16 weeks of anti-apoA-1 IgG passive immunisation.
Results
Anti-cterA1 IgG independently predicted all-cause mortality, each standard deviation of anti-cterA1 IgG being associated with a 18% increase in mortality risk (Hazard Ratio:1.18, 95%confidence intervals:1.04–1.33; p=0.009). Both cterA1 mimetic peptides reduced the anti-apoA-1 IgG-induced inflammation in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, but did not rescue the anti-apoA-1 IgG-associated mortality in mice.
Conclusions
Anti-cterA1 IgG independently predict all-cause mortality in the general population. By failing to reverse the anti-apoA-1 IgG-induced mortality in mice, our data do not support the hypothesis that these autoantibodies could be actionable through cognate peptides immunomodulation.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by a grant from the Leenaards Foundation (grant number 3698 to N.V.) by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 310030-163335 to N.V.) and by the De Reuter Foundation (grant number 315112 to N.V.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - P Antiochos
- University Hospital Centre Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Marques Vidal
- University Hospital Centre Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Virzi
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Pagano
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Satta
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Hartley
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Brandt
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Burger
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Z Kutalik
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Waeber
- University Hospital Centre Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Mach
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Vollenweider
- University Hospital Centre Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of lasers (at sub-ablative parameters) in reducing caries incidence compared with traditional prophylactic interventions (TPIs) when used alone or together with other TPIs such as pits and fissures sealant or fluoride gels or varnishes. DESIGN A systematic review. Data sources include Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library (December 2019). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Only randomised trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) dealing with prophylactic lasers use (vs TPI or untreated teeth) were considered as eligible. We excluded in vitro and ex vivo studies. DATA EXTRACTION Eligible studies were selected and data extracted independently by two reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed adopting the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data on caries incidence, sealant retention, fluoride uptake, adverse events, treatment duration, patients' discomfort and cost-effectiveness ratio was extracted. DATA ANALYSIS Extracted data were presented narratively due to the heterogeneity of included studies. RESULTS Seven RCTs and two CCTs, all with an evident risk of bias, met inclusion criteria, pooling together 269 individuals and 1628 teeth. CO2, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet, erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG), erbium, chromium: yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) and Argon lasers were used. In the permanent dentition, lasers only when used in combination with TPIs were effective in reducing caries when compared with untreated teeth (risk ratio (RR)=0.44 (0.20-0.97); Er:YAG laser) or with TPIs used alone (RR=0.39 (0.22-0.71); CO2 laser). Moreover, Argon laser significantly improved the fluoride uptake into the enamel surfaces (ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) tests: 95%, p<0.0001). Likewise, sealant retention improved when acid etching was performed on previously irradiated enamel fissures by CO2 laser (RR=0.63 (0.38-1.04)) or Er:YAG laser (RR=0.54 (95% CI: 0.34 to 0.87)). In addition, laser resulted safe and well tolerated by patients. CONCLUSION Despite some positive indications, an inadequate level of evidence was found in the included studies concerning the lasers' effectiveness in preventing caries. Further studies with a higher methodological quality level are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Lombardo
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Orso
- Health Planning Service, Regional Health Authority of Umbria, Perugia, Italy
| | - Iosief Abraha
- Servizio Immunotrasfusionale, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Umbria 2, Foligno (PG), Italy
| | - Benito Capobianco
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianetti
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pagano S, Coniglio M, Valenti C, Federici MI, Lombardo G, Cianetti S, Marinucci L. Biological effects of Cannabidiol on normal human healthy cell populations: Systematic review of the literature. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110728. [PMID: 33038581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review was performed to evaluate the biological effects of Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the major components of Cannabis Sativa, on normal human healthy cell populations in terms of cell viability, proliferation, migration, apoptosis and inflammation. Inclusion criteria were: studies on cell lines and primary cell culture from healthy donors, CBD exposure as variable, no CBD exposure as control and published in English language. Quality assessment was based on ToxR tool, with a score of reliability ranging from 15 to 18.Following the PRISMA statement, three independent reviewers performed both a manual and an electronic search using MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane. From a total of 9437eligible articles, 29 studies have been selected. The average quality assessment score was 16.48.Theresults showed heterogeneous CBD concentration exposure (0.01-50 μM or 0.1 nmol/mL-15 mg/mL). The definition of a threshold limit would allow the identification of specific effects on expected outcomes. From the data obtained CBD resulted to inhibit cell viability in a dose-dependent manner above 2 μM, while in oral cell populations the inhibitory concentration is higher than 10 μM. Moreover, it was observed a significantly inhibition of cell migration and proliferation. On the contrary, it was highlighted a stimulation of apoptosis only at high doses (from 10 μM).Finally, CBD produced an anti-inflammatory effect, with a reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and secretion. CBD down-regulated ROS production, although at high concentrations (16 μM) increased ROS-related genes expression. The diffusion of CBD for therapeutic and recreational uses require a precise definition of its potential biological effects. A thorough knowledge of these aspects would allow a safe use of this substance without any possible side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Coniglio
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Valenti
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maria Isabella Federici
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Guido Lombardo
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Cianetti
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lombardo G, Vena F, Negri P, Pagano S, Barilotti C, Paglia L, Colombo S, Orso M, Cianetti S. Worldwide prevalence of malocclusion in the different stages of dentition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2020; 21:115-122. [PMID: 32567942 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2020.21.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this review is to quantify the prevalence and type of malocclusion among children and adolescents during the different stages of dentition worldwide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recent studies (from 2009 to 2019), published in Medline, Web of Science and Embase and orthodontic text-books have been comprehensively reviewed herein. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using STROBE criteria. RESULTS After screening 450 records and analysing 284 relevant full-text publications, 77 studies were included in this review. A good degree of evidence was obtained due to the medium-high methodological quality level of included studies. The worldwide prevalence of malocclusion was 56% (95% CI: 11-99), without differences in gender. The highest prevalence was in Africa (81%) and Europe (72%), followed by America (53%) and Asia (48%). The malocclusion prevalence score did not change from primary to permanent dentition with a common score of 54%. Malocclusion traits such as Angle's classes, overjet, overbite, and asymmetrical midline shift essentially did not change their prevalence during different dentitions. Conversely, traits such as cross-bite and diastema reduced their prevalence during permanent dentition, while scissor-bite and dental crowding increased their scores. CONCLUSION The worldwide high prevalence of malocclusion and its early onset during childhood should induce policymakers as well as paediatric physicians and dentists to devise policies and adopt clinical strategies for preventing malocclusion since younger children's ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Lombardo
- Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Vena
- Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Negri
- Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pagano
- Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Barilotti
- Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Paglia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Istituto Stomatologico Italiano Italian Stomatologic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Colombo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Istituto Stomatologico Italiano Italian Stomatologic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Orso
- Health Planning Service, Regional Health Authority of Umbria, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Cianetti
- Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cianetti S, Pagano S, Nardone M, Lombardo G. Model for Taking Care of Patients with Early Childhood Caries during the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3751. [PMID: 32466392 PMCID: PMC7312964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pending the availability of vaccines to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the current solution is "social distancing" with a reduction of dental treatments to those assessed as urgent and emergency cases. These treatments also involve Early Childhood Caries (ECC) due to the fact that this disease affects preschool children (a vulnerable population) and, in addition, shows a propensity to evolve into more serious complications (dental pain, infections). A narrative review was carried out to support a protocol for treating ECC with efficacious and safe (in terms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission) procedures. Protocol involves criteria for patients' selection remotely (telemedicine), and well-detailed criteria/equipment and hygiene procedures to combat against SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Moreover, the protocol proposes innovative caries treatments, named Minimally Invasive Treatments (MITs), well known in pedodontics for their high level of children's acceptance during dental care. MITs allow for caries removal (particularly in primary teeth) without any high-speed rotating instrument cooled with nebulized air-water spray (with high risk of virus environmental diffusion), usually adopted during traditional treatments. For evaluating MITs effectiveness in caries management, only Systematic Review and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were included in our study, without any risk of bias assessment. The indications proposed in this protocol could support clinicians for the temporary management of ECC until the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic ends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cianetti
- Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Michele Nardone
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale, Melegnano e della Martesana, 20070 Milano, Regione Lombardia, Italy;
| | - Guido Lombardo
- Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cianetti S, Anderini P, Pagano S, Eusebi P, Orso M, Salvato R, Lombardo G. Oral Health Knowledge Level of Nursing Staff Working in Semi-Intensive Heart Failure Units. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:165-173. [PMID: 32103976 PMCID: PMC7024767 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s224453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Critical care units, such as heart failure units, house inpatients with a compromised general health status that requires rigorous prevention of further complications. Oral health infections that gain access through the bloodstream or airway might represent such potential complications (eg, endocarditis pneumonia). Avoiding these critical occurrences requires that adequate oral health care be provided by nursing personnel. Here we assessed the knowledge of oral health care practices by nurses working in three Italian heart failure units in Umbria, Italy. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS Forty-four nurses were interviewed using a six-item modified Adams' questionnaire on the topic of oral health care. A multidisciplinary panel of experts established the criteria for answer correctness based on the most relevant dentistry literature evidence and judged each reply. The expected percentage of correctly replying nurses was 75%, and significant differences from this expected probability were calculated with one-sided binomial probability tests. Cronbach's α method was used to establish the questionnaire's internal consistency (reliability). RESULTS For five out of six questionnaire items, the percentage of nurses who correctly answered was significantly lower than the expected value of probability. Lack of knowledge was found for usefulness of checking the patients' mouths (p=0.003), the most relevant lesions affecting the mouth (p=0.0001), the tools/solutions for cleaning the mouth and dentures (p= 0.0416), and drugs that affect the mouth and their side effects (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION In this study, few nurses working in heart failure units showed both an adequate willingness to check inpatients and a good knowledge of oral health care (significantly lower than the expected 75%). Further studies that use validated questionnaires and include more participants should be conducted to confirm and elaborate on our preliminary data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cianetti
- Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Anderini
- Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Eusebi
- Health Planning Service, Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority of Umbria, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Orso
- Health Planning Service, Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority of Umbria, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosario Salvato
- Department of Philosophy, Social and Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Lombardo
- Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lombardo G, Pagano S, Cianetti S, Capobianco B, Orso M, Negri P, Paglia M, Friuli S, Paglia L, Gatto R, Severino M. Sub-ablative laser irradiation to prevent acid demineralisation of dental enamel. A systematic review of literature reporting in vitro studies. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2019; 20:295-301. [PMID: 31850772 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2019.20.04.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Caries lesions begin with enamel acid demineralisation mediated by microorganisms. Lasers with sub-ablative energy might act as a prophylactic intervention to reinforce enamel against lesions caused by acid. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed evaluating only in vitro studies published from 2010 to 2018. The research was performed using the following databases: Medline, Embase and the Web Of Science. A further search was performed consulting the list of references of the included studies as well as book chapters which dealt with this topic. RESULTS A total of 347 records were retrieved and, after their evaluation, 36 studies were included. CO2 lasers were the most described and effective device in preventing acid demineralisation. This type of laser was unique in improving the already positive results obtained with fluoride-based interventions. Er,Cr:YSGG (with fluencies > 8.5J/cm2), diode and argon lasers also improved enamel acid resistance (p-values ranging from 0.05 to 0.001) producing similar effects with fluoride-based interventions. Regarding the sealant retention outcome, the Er:YAG laser was able to perform an enamel etching which was as effective as the traditional acid etching with the advantage of being easier and usually well accepted by low-compliant patients (i.e. younger children). Nd:YAG presented the worst results. The most common structural changes after the laser irradiation were water and carbonate reduction in the enamel combined with a phosphate and calcium enamel content increase. Moreover, the calcium/phosphate ratio was found to reach the 1.67 ideal ratio. CONCLUSION The in vitro studies that examined the prophylactic use of lasers for increasing enamel acid resistance presented interesting results that are enough to support a further in vivo experiment. This would entail the use of a clinical laser as an alternative or in combination with fluoride-based interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Lombardo
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pagano
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Cianetti
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - B Capobianco
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Orso
- Health Planning Service, Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority of Umbria, Italy
| | - P Negri
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Paglia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Italian Stomatologic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Friuli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Italian Stomatologic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Paglia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Italian Stomatologic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - R Gatto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Division of Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental Clinic, University of L´Aquila, L´Aquila, Italy
| | - M Severino
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Division of Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental Clinic, University of L´Aquila, L´Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pagano S, Coniglio M, Valenti C, Negri P, Lombardo G, Costanzi E, Cianetti S, Montaseri A, Marinucci L. Biological effects of resin monomers on oral cell populations: descriptive analysis of literature. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2019; 20:224-232. [PMID: 31489823 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2019.20.03.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recently, the application of restorative materials containing metacrilate monomers in the conservative and paediatric dentistry has focused on the possible negative effects due to the use of these composites. In particular the release of monomers from reconstructions as a result of an insufficient polymerisation, can spread along the mucosal and dental tissues with potential immunological ed cytotoxic effects. Regarding to the importance of this issue, the aim of this study is to provide a descriptive review of the literature on potential local and systemic interactions of metacrylic and acrylic monomers with the immune system, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The most highly used monomers in composite materials applied in conservative dentistry include: 2-hydroessietil- methacrylate (HEMA), triethylene glycol-dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), bisphenol A glycidyl-methacrylate (BisGMA) and urethane- dimethacrylate (UDMA). Different investigations have been performed for better understanding of the potential side effects of metacrylic monomers on immune system cells. Different factors such as cell population, exposure time and parameters more strictly connected to these materials, such as molecular weight, chemical composition and mechanical characteristics, seem to be directly involved in these reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pagano
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Coniglio
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Valenti
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Lombardo
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Costanzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Cianetti
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Montaseri
- Anatomical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - L Marinucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Frias M, Pagano S, Fetaud-Lapierre V, Lecour S, Kamau F, Strijdom H, Vuilleumier N. P5343The presence of anti-apolipoprotein A1 autoantibodies is associated with a pro-atherogenic profile in HIV-infected patients. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With the access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has dropped, shifting the clinical challenges towards chronic disease management, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. Factors that potentially contribute to the physiopathology of HIV-related CVD include the HI-virus itself, adverse effects of ART, and processes such as dyslipidemia, inflammation, immune/autoimmune activation and endothelial injury. Among autoantibodies of possible cardiovascular relevance, those directed against apolipoprotein A-1 (anti-apoA-1 IgG) were shown to predict major adverse cardiovascular events and promote atherogenesis.
Purpose
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-apoA1 IgG in HIV-free and ART experienced and naïve HIV-infected patients as well as the association between anti-apoA1 IgG levels and, indices of viral suppression, clinical parameters (10 year Framingham Risk Score (FRS)) and inflammatory biomarkers, known to underlie atherosclerosis burden in these patients.
Methods
Anti-apoA1 IgG serum levels were assessed by a homemade ELISA assay in 144 participants from a South African cohort divided in three groups: HIV-free (n=50), HIV-infected/ART experienced (n=50) and HIV-infected/ART naïve (n=44). Inflammatory biomarkers were measured.
Results
HIV-infected patients displayed an increased pro-atherogenic biomarker profile compared to HIV-free subjects, but not difference in the FRS was observed between these two groups. Regarding anti-apoA1 IgG, 24% of HIV-free patients tested positive compared to 40% and 70% in HIV-infected/ART experienced and naïve groups, respectively. HIV-infected, anti-apoA1 IgG positive patients showed a significant decrease in CD4+ counts (p=0.003) and a significant increase in viremia (p=0.0130), mean heart rate (p=0.0243), albuminuria (p=0.0155), pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IFNγ, IL-10, TNFα, MIPα; all p<0.05), circulating levels of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) (p=0.0217) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) (p=0.003) compared to anti-apoA1 IgG negative ones. Of note, while this profile was maintained in HIV-infected/ART experienced, these significant differences were lost in HIV-infected/ART naïve patients. No significant difference in FRS was observed between anti-apoA1 IgG positive vs negative individuals in all groups.
Conclusions
HIV-infected patients presented with an increased prevalence of anti-apoA1 IgG compared to HIV-free subjects. In HIV-infected/ART experienced patients, anti-apoA1 IgG levels were associated with low CD4+ counts, levels of adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory responses, features associated with increased cardiovascular events. ART highlighted pro-atherogenic differences between HIV-infected anti-apoA1 IgG negative and positive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Frias
- University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Pagano
- University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - S Lecour
- University of Cape Town, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - F Kamau
- University of Stellenbosch, Division of Medical Physiology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H Strijdom
- University of Stellenbosch, Division of Medical Physiology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
van Zwieten A, Wong G, Ruospo M, Palmer SC, Teixeira-Pinto A, Barulli MR, Iurillo A, Saglimbene V, Natale P, Gargano L, Murgo M, Loy CT, Tortelli R, Craig JC, Johnson DW, Tonelli M, Hegbrant J, Wollheim C, Logroscino G, Strippoli GF, Cagnazzo A, Antinoro R, Sambati M, Donatelli C, Dambrosio N, Saturno C, Marangelli A, Pedone F, Matera G, Benevento M, Papagni S, Alicino F, Latassa G, Molino A, Grippaldi F, Bertino D, Montalto G, Messina S, Campo S, Nasisi P, Failla A, Bua A, Pagano S, Marino G, Sanfilippo N, Rallo D, Maniscalco A, Capostagno C, Randazzo G, Fici M, Lupo A, Fichera R, D'angelo A, Di Toro Mammarella R, Meconizzi M, Boccia E, Mantuano M, Flammini A, Moscardelli L. Associations of Cognitive Function and Education Level With All-Cause Mortality in Adults on Hemodialysis: Findings From the COGNITIVE-HD Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2019; 74:452-462. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.03.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|