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Saragovi HU, Galan A, Levin LA. Neuroprotection: Pro-survival and Anti-neurotoxic Mechanisms as Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:231. [PMID: 31244606 PMCID: PMC6563757 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) are a subset of the neurotrophic factor family. These growth factors were originally named based on the nerve growth functional assays used to identify them. NTs act as paracrine or autocrine factors for cells expressing NT receptors. The receptors and their function have been studied primarily in cells of the nervous system, but are also present in the cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems, as well as in many neoplastic cells. The signals activated by NTs can be varied, depending on cellular stage and context, healthy or disease states, and depending on whether the specific NTs and their receptors are expressed in the relevant cells. In the healthy central and peripheral adult nervous systems, NTs drive neuronal survival, phenotype, synaptic maintenance, and function. Deficiencies of the NT/NT receptor axis are causally associated with disease onset or disease progression. Paradoxically, NTs can also drive synaptic loss and neuronal death. In the embryonic stage this activity is essential for proper developmental pruning of the nervous system, but in the adult it can be associated with neurodegenerative disease. Given their key role in neuronal survival and death, NTs and NT receptors have long been considered therapeutic targets to achieve neuroprotection. The first neuroprotective approaches consisted of enhancing neuronal survival signals using NTs. Later strategies selectively targeted receptors to induce survival signals specifically, while avoiding activation of death signals. Recently, the concept of selectively targeting receptors to reduce neuronal death signals has emerged. Here, we review the rationale of each neuroprotective strategy with respect to the complex cell biology and pharmacology of each target receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alba Galan
- Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Leonard A Levin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, Mcgill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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52
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Sidorova YA, Volcho KP, Salakhutdinov NF. Neuroregeneration in Parkinson's Disease: From Proteins to Small Molecules. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:268-287. [PMID: 30182859 PMCID: PMC6425072 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180905094123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, the lifetime risk of developing this disease is 1.5%. Motor diagnostic symptoms of PD are caused by degeneration of nigrostria-tal dopamine neurons. There is no cure for PD and current therapy is limited to supportive care that partially alleviates dis-ease signs and symptoms. As diagnostic symptoms of PD result from progressive degeneration of dopamine neurons, drugs restoring these neurons may significantly improve treatment of PD. Method: A literature search was performed using the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases to discuss the pro-gress achieved in the development of neuroregenerative agents for PD. Papers published before early 2018 were taken into account. Results: Here, we review several groups of potential agents capable of protecting and restoring dopamine neurons in cul-tures or animal models of PD including neurotrophic factors and small molecular weight compounds. Conclusion: Despite the promising results of in vitro and in vivo experiments, none of the found agents have yet shown conclusive neurorestorative properties in PD patients. Meanwhile, a few promising biologicals and small molecules have been identified. Their further clinical development can eventually give rise to disease-modifying drugs for PD. Thus, inten-sive research in the field is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Sidorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Konstantin P Volcho
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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53
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Düsedau HP, Kleveman J, Figueiredo CA, Biswas A, Steffen J, Kliche S, Haak S, Zagrebelsky M, Korte M, Dunay IR. p75 NTR regulates brain mononuclear cell function and neuronal structure in Toxoplasma infection-induced neuroinflammation. Glia 2019; 67:193-211. [PMID: 30597659 PMCID: PMC6590406 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins mediate neuronal growth, differentiation, and survival via tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) or p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) signaling. The p75NTR is not exclusively expressed by neurons but also by certain immune cells, implying a role for neurotrophin signaling in the immune system. In this study, we investigated the effect of p75NTR on innate immune cell behavior and on neuronal morphology upon chronic Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection‐induced neuroinflammation. Characterization of the immune cells in the periphery and central nervous system (CNS) revealed that innate immune cell subsets in the brain upregulated p75NTR upon infection in wild‐type mice. Although cell recruitment and phagocytic capacity of p75NTRexonIV knockout (p75−/−) mice were not impaired, the activation status of resident microglia and recruited myeloid cell subsets was altered. Importantly, recruited mononuclear cells in brains of infected p75−/− mice upregulated the production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐6 as well as IL‐1α. Protein levels of proBDNF, known to negatively influence neuronal morphology by binding p75NTR, were highly increased upon chronic infection in the brain of wild‐type and p75−/− mice. Moreover, upon infection the activated immune cells contributed to the proBDNF release. Notably, the neuroinflammation‐induced changes in spine density were rescued in the p75−/− mice. In conclusion, these findings indicate that neurotrophin signaling via the p75NTR affects innate immune cell behavior, thus, influencing the structural plasticity of neurons under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Peter Düsedau
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Kleveman
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Caio Andreeta Figueiredo
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aindrila Biswas
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Steffen
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Otto-von-Guericke University, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Haak
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marta Zagrebelsky
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
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54
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Ma J, Ni H, Rui Q, Liu H, Jiang F, Gao R, Gao Y, Li D, Chen G. Potential Roles of NIX/BNIP3L Pathway in Rat Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:585-595. [PMID: 30961359 PMCID: PMC7103607 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719840353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NIX/BNIP3L is known as a proapoptotic protein that is also related to mitophagy. Previous
reports have shown that NIX could be involved in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral
hemorrhage, but it also plays a protective role in mitophagy in ischemic brain injury. How
NIX works in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unclear. Thus, this study was designed to
observe the expression of NIX and perform a preliminary exploration of the possible
effects of NIX in a rat TBI model. The results showed that NIX expression decreased after
damage, and colocalized with neuronal cells in cortical areas. Moreover, when we induced
upregulation of NIX, autophagy was increased, while neuronal apoptosis and brain water
content decreased along with neurological deficits. These findings remind us that NIX
probably plays a neuroprotective role in TBI through autophagy and apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Ma
- 1 Department of Anesthesia, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haibo Ni
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Rui
- 3 Department of Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huixiang Liu
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Gao
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- 1 Department of Anesthesia, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Li
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery and Translational Medicine Center, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, SuZhou, China
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Protto V, Soligo M, De Stefano ME, Farioli‐Vecchioli S, Marlier LNJL, Nisticò R, Manni L. Electroacupuncture in rats normalizes the diabetes‐induced alterations in the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic system. Hippocampus 2019; 29:891-904. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Protto
- Institute of Translational PharmacologyConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Rome Italy
| | - Marzia Soligo
- Institute of Translational PharmacologyConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Rome Italy
| | - Maria Egle De Stefano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”Sapienza University Rome Italy
| | | | | | - Robert Nisticò
- Pharmacology of Synaptic Disease Lab, European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rome Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
| | - Luigi Manni
- Institute of Translational PharmacologyConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Rome Italy
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56
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Yuan W, Ibáñez CF, Lin Z. Death domain of p75 neurotrophin receptor: a structural perspective on an intracellular signalling hub. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1282-1293. [PMID: 30762293 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The death domain (DD) is a globular protein motif with a signature feature of an all-helical Greek-key motif. It is a primary mediator of a variety of biological activities, including apoptosis, cell survival and cytoskeletal changes, which are related to many neurodegenerative diseases, neurotrauma, and cancers. DDs exist in a wide range of signalling proteins including p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR ), a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The specific signalling mediated by p75NTR in a given cell depends on the type of ligand engaging the extracellular domain and the recruitment of cytosolic interactors to the intracellular domain, especially the DD, of the receptor. In solution, the p75NTR -DDs mainly form a symmetric non-covalent homodimer. In response to extracellular signals, conformational changes in the p75NTR extracellular domain (ECD) propagate to the p75NTR -DD through the disulfide-bonded transmembrane domain (TMD) and destabilize the p75NTR -DD homodimer, leading to protomer separation and exposure of binding sites on the DD surface. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the study of the structural mechanism of p75NTR -DD signalling through recruitment of diverse intracellular interactors for the regulation and control of diverse functional outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensu Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Carlos F Ibáñez
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
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57
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Neurotrophins and their involvement in digestive cancers. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:123. [PMID: 30741921 PMCID: PMC6370832 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancers of the digestive system, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, hepatic, and colorectal cancers, have a high incidence and mortality worldwide. Efficient therapies have improved patient care; however, many challenges remain including late diagnosis, disease recurrence, and resistance to therapies. Mechanisms responsible for these aforementioned challenges are numerous. This review focuses on neurotrophins, including NGF, BDNF, and NT3, and their specific tyrosine kinase receptors called tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk A, B, C, respectively), associated with sortilin and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), and their implication in digestive cancers. Globally, p75NTR is a frequently downregulated tumor suppressor. On the contrary, Trk and their ligands are considered oncogenic factors. New therapies which target NT and/or their receptors, or use them as diagnosis biomarkers could help us to combat digestive cancers.
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58
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Verykiou S, Alexander M, Edwards N, Plummer R, Chaudhry B, Lovat PE, Hill DS. Harnessing autophagy to overcome mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor-induced resistance in metastatic melanoma. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:346-356. [PMID: 30339727 PMCID: PMC7816093 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with malignant melanoma often relapse after treatment with BRAF and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors (MEKi) owing to development of drug resistance. OBJECTIVES To establish the temporal pattern of CD271 regulation during development of resistance by melanoma to trametinib, and determine the association between development of resistance to trametinib and induction of prosurvival autophagy. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for CD271 and p62 was performed on human naevi and primary malignant melanoma tumours. Western blotting was used to analyse expression of CD271, p62 and LC3 in melanoma subpopulations. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy was used to evaluate trametinib-induced cell death and CD271 expression. MTS viability assays and zebrafish xenografts were used to evaluate the effect of CD271 and autophagy modulation on trametinib-resistant melanoma cell survival and invasion, respectively. RESULTS CD271 and autophagic signalling are increased in stage III primary melanomas vs. benign naevi. In vitro studies demonstrate MEKi of BRAF-mutant melanoma induced cytotoxic autophagy, followed by the emergence of CD271-expressing subpopulations. Trametinib-induced CD271 reduced autophagic flux, leading to activation of prosurvival autophagy and development of MEKi resistance. Treatment of CD271-expressing melanoma subpopulations with RNA interference and small-molecule inhibitors to CD271 reduced the development of MEKi resistance, while clinically applicable autophagy modulatory agents - including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Vps34 - reduced survival of MEKi-resistant melanoma cells. Combined MEK/autophagy inhibition also reduced the invasive and metastatic potential of MEKi-resistant cells in an in vivo zebrafish xenograft. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight a novel mechanism of MEKi-induced drug resistance and suggest that targeting autophagy may be a translatable approach to resensitize drug-resistant melanoma cells to the cytotoxic effects of MEKi.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Verykiou
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.,Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - M Alexander
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - N Edwards
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - R Plummer
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - B Chaudhry
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, U.K
| | - P E Lovat
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.,Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - D S Hill
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, U.K
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59
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Luhmann HJ, Kirischuk S, Kilb W. The Superior Function of the Subplate in Early Neocortical Development. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:97. [PMID: 30487739 PMCID: PMC6246655 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During early development the structure and function of the cerebral cortex is critically organized by subplate neurons (SPNs), a mostly transient population of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons located below the cortical plate. At the molecular and morphological level SPNs represent a rather diverse population of cells expressing a variety of genetic markers and revealing different axonal-dendritic morphologies. Electrophysiologically SPNs are characterized by their rather mature intrinsic membrane properties and firing patterns. They are connected via electrical and chemical synapses to local and remote neurons, e.g., thalamic relay neurons forming the first thalamocortical input to the cerebral cortex. Therefore SPNs are robustly activated at pre- and perinatal stages by the sensory periphery. Although SPNs play pivotal roles in early neocortical activity, development and plasticity, they mostly disappear by programmed cell death during further maturation. On the one hand, SPNs may be selectively vulnerable to hypoxia-ischemia contributing to brain damage, on the other hand there is some evidence that enhanced survival rates or alterations in SPN distribution may contribute to the etiology of neurological or psychiatric disorders. This review aims to give a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on the many functions of SPNs during early physiological and pathophysiological development of the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sergei Kirischuk
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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60
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Yang W, Sung K, Zhou F, Xu W, Rissman RA, Ding J, Wu C. Targeted Mutation (R100W) of the Gene Encoding NGF Leads to Deficits in the Peripheral Sensory Nervous System. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:373. [PMID: 30524266 PMCID: PMC6262302 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) exerts multifaceted functions through different stages of life. A missense mutation (R100W) in the beta-NGF gene was found in hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy V (HSAN V) patients with severe loss of pain perception but without overt cognitive impairment. To better understand the pathogenesis of HSAN V, we generated the first NGFR100W knock in mouse model for HSAN V. We found that the homozygotes exhibited a postnatal lethal phenotype. A majority of homozygous pups died within the first week. Some homozygous pups could ingest more milk and survived up to 2 months by reducing litter size. Whole mount in situ hybridization using E10.5 embryos revealed that, compared to wild type, R100W mutation did not alter the gene expression patterns of TrkA and P75NTR in the homozygotes. We also found that the homozygotes displayed normal embryonic development of major organs (heart, lung, liver, kidney, and spleen). Furthermore, the homozygotes exhibited severe loss of PGP9.5-positive intra-epidermal sensory fibers. Taken together, our results suggest that, as with HSAN V patients, the R100W mutation primarily affects the peripheral sensory nervous system in the mouse model. This novel mouse model makes it possible to further study in vivo how NGFR100W uncouple trophic function from nociception of NGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kijung Sung
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Fengli Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, CA, United States
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61
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The role of TrkA in the promoting wounding-healing effect of CD271 on epidermal stem cells. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:737-750. [PMID: 30209580 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CD271, a receptor of nerve growth factor (NGF), affects the biological properties of epidermal stem cells (eSCs) which are essential for skin wound closure. Tropomyosin-receptor kinase A (TrkA), another receptor of NGF, combined with CD271 has been involved with nervous system and skin keratinocytes. However, the exact role of TrkA combined with CD271 in eSCs during skin wound closure is still unclear. This study aimed to reveal the role of TrkA in the promoting wounding-healing effect of CD271 on eSCs. We obtained CD271-vo (over-expression of CD271) eSCs by lentiviral infection. K252a was used to inhibit TrkA expression. Full-thickness skin mouse wound closure model (5 mm in diameter) was used to detect the ability of CD271 over-expressed/TrkA-deficient during wound healing. The biological characteristics of eSCs and their proliferation and apoptosis were detected using immunohistochemistry and western blot. The expressions of protein kinase B (pAkt)/Akt, phosphorylated extracellular-signal-related kinase (pERK)/ERK1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (pJNK)/JNK were also detected by western blot. We found that over-expression of CD271 promoted the biological functions of eSCs. Interestingly, over-expression of CD271 in the absence of TrkA neither promoted eSCs' migration and proliferation nor promoted wound healing in a mouse model. In addition, we observed the reduced expression of pAkt/Akt and pERK/ERK1/2 following TrkA inhibition in vitro. Our studies demonstrated that the role of TrkA in the promoting wounding-healing effect of CD271 on eSCs.
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The ProNGF/p75NTR pathway induces tau pathology and is a therapeutic target for FTLD-tau. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1813-1824. [PMID: 29867188 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tau pathology is characterized as a form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) known as FTLD-tau. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are not known and no therapeutic interventions are currently available. Here, we report that the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of FTLD-tau. The expression of p75NTR and the precursor of nerve growth factor (proNGF) were increased in the brains of FTLD-tau patients and mice (P301L transgenic). ProNGF-induced tau phosphorylation via p75NTR in vitro, which was associated with the AKT/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β pathway. Genetic reduction of p75NTR in P301L mice rescued the memory deficits, alleviated tau hyperphosphorylation and restored the activity of the AKT/GSK3β pathway. Treatment of the P301L mice with the soluble p75NTR extracellular domain (p75ECD-Fc), which can antagonize neurotoxic ligands of p75NTR, effectively improved memory behavior and suppressed tau pathology. This suggests that p75NTR plays a crucial role in tau paGSKthology and represents a potential druggable target for FTLD-tau and related tauopathies.
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63
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Dou N, Yang D, Yu S, Wu B, Gao Y, Li Y. SNRPA enhances tumour cell growth in gastric cancer through modulating NGF expression. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12484. [PMID: 30039889 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES SNRPA is a protein component of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP) complex, which takes part in the splicing of pre-mRNAs. Its expression and function in tumour remain unknown. Herein, we elucidated the functional contribution of SNRPA to the progression of gastric cancer (GC). MATERIALS AND METHODS SNRPA expression was investigated in a GC tissue microarray by immunohistochemical staining. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8, colony formation and EdU incorporation assays. A mouse xenograft model was used to detect the tumourigenicity. Gene expression profiling was performed and then the potential target genes were verified by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analyses. The functional relevance between SNRPA and its target gene was examined by cell growth assays. RESULTS SNRPA expression was higher in tumour tissues than in matched normal gastric mucosa tissues, and it was positively correlated with the tumour size and progression. High SNRPA expression indicated poor prognosis of GC patients. Silencing SNRPA in GC cells markedly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and tumour growth in a xenograft model, while overexpressing SNRPA exhibited opposite results. Moreover, we identified NGF (Nerve growth factor) as a downstream effector of SNRPA and further proved that NGF was crucial for SNRPA-mediated GC cell growth. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that SNRPA may contribute to GC progression via NGF and could be a prognostic biomarker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Dou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijun Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghao Wu
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yandong Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai East Hospital, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Becker K, Cana A, Baumgärtner W, Spitzbarth I. p75 Neurotrophin Receptor: A Double-Edged Sword in Pathology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:786-801. [PMID: 29940812 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818781930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75NTR is a major neurotrophin receptor involved in manifold and pleiotropic functions in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). Although known for decades, its entire functions are far from being fully elucidated. Depending on the complex interactions with other receptors and on the cellular context, p75NTR is capable of performing contradictory tasks such as mediating cell death as well as cell survival. In parallel, as a prototype marker for certain differentiation stages of Schwann cells and related CNS aldynoglial cells, p75NTR has recently gained increasing notice as a marker for cells with proposed regenerative potential in CNS diseases, such as demyelinating disease and traumatic CNS injury. Besides its pivotal role as a marker for transplantation candidate cells, recent studies in canine neuroinflammatory CNS conditions also highlight a spontaneous endogenous occurrence of p75NTR-positive glia, which potentially play a role in Schwann cell-mediated CNS remyelination. The aim of the present communication is to review the pleiotropic functions of p75NTR in the CNS with a special emphasis on its role as an immunohistochemical marker in neuropathology. Following a brief illustration of the expression of p75NTR in neurogenesis and in developed neuronal populations, the implications of p75NTR expression in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are addressed. A special focus is put on the role of p75NTR as a cell marker for specific differentiation stages of Schwann cells and a regeneration-promoting CNS population, collectively referred to as aldynoglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Becker
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Armend Cana
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,2 Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,2 Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingo Spitzbarth
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,2 Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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65
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Zhang F, Chen J, Lin X, Peng S, Yu X, Shan Z, Teng W. Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant rats impaired learning and memory of their offspring by promoting the p75 NTR signal pathway. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:688-697. [PMID: 29669804 PMCID: PMC5952246 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy can affect the neurodevelopment of their offspring. This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) on spatial learning and memory, and its relationship with the apoptotic factors in cerebral cortex of the offspring. METHODS Female adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 15 per group): control (CON) group, SCH group and overt hypothyroidism (OH) group. Spatial learning and memory in the offspring were evaluated by long-term potentiation (LTP) and Morris water-maze (MWM) test. The protein expression of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), the pro-apoptotic protein p53 and Bax were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The Pups in the SCH and OH groups showed longer escape latencies in the MWM and decreased field-excitatory post synaptic potentials in LTP tests compared with those in the CON group. p75NTR, p-JNK, p53 and Bax expression levels in the cerebral cortex increased in pups in the SCH and OH groups compared with those in the CON group. CONCLUSIONS Maternal SCH during pregnancy may impair spatial learning and memory in the offspring and may be associated with the increased apoptosis in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyue Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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66
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Beyond good and evil: A putative continuum-sorting hypothesis for the functional role of proBDNF/BDNF-propeptide/mBDNF in antidepressant treatment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:70-83. [PMID: 29626490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder are assumed to be maladaptive responses to stress and antidepressants are thought to counteract such responses by increasing BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels. BDNF acts through TrkB (tropomyosin-related receptor kinase B) and plays a central role in neuroplasticity. In contrast, both precursor proBDNF and BDNF propeptide (another metabolic product from proBDNF cleavage) have a high affinity to p75 receptor (p75R) and usually convey apoptosis and neuronal shrinkage. Although BDNF and proBDNF/propeptide apparently act in opposite ways, neuronal turnover and remodeling might be a final common way that both act to promote more effective neuronal networking, avoiding neuronal redundancy and the misleading effects of environmental contingencies. This review aims to provide a brief overview about the BDNF functional role in antidepressant action and about p75R and TrkB signaling to introduce the "continuum-sorting hypothesis." The resulting hypothesis suggests that both BDNF/proBDNF and BDNF/propeptide act as protagonists to fine-tune antidepressant-dependent neuroplasticity in crucial brain structures to modulate behavioral responses to stress.
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67
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Sung K, Ferrari LF, Yang W, Chung C, Zhao X, Gu Y, Lin S, Zhang K, Cui B, Pearn ML, Maloney MT, Mobley WC, Levine JD, Wu C. Swedish Nerve Growth Factor Mutation (NGF R100W) Defines a Role for TrkA and p75 NTR in Nociception. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3394-3413. [PMID: 29483280 PMCID: PMC5895035 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1686-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) exerts multiple functions on target neurons throughout development. The recent discovery of a point mutation leading to a change from arginine to tryptophan at residue 100 in the mature NGFβ sequence (NGFR100W) in patients with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type V (HSAN V) made it possible to distinguish the signaling mechanisms that lead to two functionally different outcomes of NGF: trophic versus nociceptive. We performed extensive biochemical, cellular, and live-imaging experiments to examine the binding and signaling properties of NGFR100W Our results show that, similar to the wild-type NGF (wtNGF), the naturally occurring NGFR100W mutant was capable of binding to and activating the TrkA receptor and its downstream signaling pathways to support neuronal survival and differentiation. However, NGFR100W failed to bind and stimulate the 75 kDa neurotrophic factor receptor (p75NTR)-mediated signaling cascades (i.e., the RhoA-Cofilin pathway). Intraplantar injection of NGFR100W into adult rats induced neither TrkA-mediated thermal nor mechanical acute hyperalgesia, but retained the ability to induce chronic hyperalgesia based on agonism for TrkA signaling. Together, our studies provide evidence that NGFR100W retains trophic support capability through TrkA and one aspect of its nociceptive signaling, but fails to engage p75NTR signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that wtNGF acts via TrkA to regulate the delayed priming of nociceptive responses. The integration of both TrkA and p75NTR signaling thus appears to regulate neuroplastic effects of NGF in peripheral nociception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the present study, we characterized the naturally occurring nerve growth factor NGFR100W mutant that is associated with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type V. We have demonstrated for the first time that NGFR100W retains trophic support capability through TrkA, but fails to engage p75NTR signaling pathways. Furthermore, after intraplantar injection into adult rats, NGFR100W induced neither thermal nor mechanical acute hyperalgesia, but retained the ability to induce chronic hyperalgesia. We have also provided evidence that the integration of both TrkA- and p75NTR-mediated signaling appears to regulate neuroplastic effects of NGF in peripheral nociception. Our study with NGFR100W suggests that it is possible to uncouple trophic effect from nociceptive function, both induced by wild-type NGF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz F Ferrari
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Wanlin Yang
- Department of Neurosciences
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China 200025
| | - ChiHye Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | | | - Yingli Gu
- Department of Neurosciences
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 150001
| | - Suzhen Lin
- Department of Neurosciences
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China 200025
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Program, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Chemistry-Biology Interface Training Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and
| | | | - Matthew L Pearn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
- V.A. San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161
| | - Michael T Maloney
- Department of Neurosciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | | | - Jon D Levine
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences,
- V.A. San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161
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Singh SS, Jois SD. Homo- and Heterodimerization of Proteins in Cell Signaling: Inhibition and Drug Design. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 111:1-59. [PMID: 29459028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein dimerization controls many physiological processes in the body. Proteins form homo-, hetero-, or oligomerization in the cellular environment to regulate the cellular processes. Any deregulation of these processes may result in a disease state. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) can be inhibited by antibodies, small molecules, or peptides, and inhibition of PPI has therapeutic value. PPI drug discovery research has steadily increased in the last decade, and a few PPI inhibitors have already reached the pharmaceutical market. Several PPI inhibitors are in clinical trials. With advancements in structural and molecular biology methods, several methods are now available to study protein homo- and heterodimerization and their inhibition by drug-like molecules. Recently developed methods to study PPI such as proximity ligation assay and enzyme-fragment complementation assay that detect the PPI in the cellular environment are described with examples. At present, the methods used to design PPI inhibitors can be classified into three major groups: (1) structure-based drug design, (2) high-throughput screening, and (3) fragment-based drug design. In this chapter, we have described some of the experimental methods to study PPIs and their inhibition. Examples of homo- and heterodimers of proteins, their structural and functional aspects, and some of the inhibitors that have clinical importance are discussed. The design of PPI inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor heterodimers and CD2-CD58 is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitanshu S Singh
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States
| | - Seetharama D Jois
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States.
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Liu PZ, Nusslock R. Exercise-Mediated Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus via BDNF. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:52. [PMID: 29467613 PMCID: PMC5808288 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is known to have numerous neuroprotective and cognitive benefits, especially pertaining to memory and learning related processes. One potential link connecting them is exercise-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis, in which new neurons are generated and incorporated into hippocampal circuits. The present review synthesizes the extant literature detailing the relationship between exercise and hippocampal neurogenesis, and identifies a key molecule mediating this process, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). As a member of the neurotrophin family, BDNF regulates many of the processes within neurogenesis, such as differentiation and survival. Although much more is known about the direct role that exercise and BDNF have on hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents, their corresponding cognitive benefits in humans will also be discussed. Specifically, what is known about exercise-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis will be presented as it relates to BDNF to highlight the critical role that it plays. Due to the inaccessibility of the human brain, much less is known about the role BDNF plays in human hippocampal neurogenesis. Limitations and future areas of research with regards to human neurogenesis will thus be discussed, including indirect measures of neurogenesis and single nucleotide polymorphisms within the BDNF gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Z. Liu
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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Carleton LA, Chakravarthy R, van der Sloot AM, Mnich K, Serrano L, Samali A, Gorman AM. Generation of rationally-designed nerve growth factor (NGF) variants with receptor specificity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:700-705. [PMID: 29108999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the prototypic member of the neurotrophin family and binds two receptors, TrkA and the 75 kDa neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), through which diverse and sometimes opposing effects are mediated. Using the FoldX protein design algorithm, we generated eight NGF variants with different point mutations predicted to have altered binding to TrkA or p75NTR. Of these, the I31R NGF variant exhibited specific binding to p75NTR. The generation of this NGF variant with selective affinity for p75NTR can be used to enhance understanding of neurotrophin receptor imbalance in diseases and identifies a key targetable residue for the development of small molecules to disrupt binding of NGF to TrkA with potential uses in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Almer M van der Sloot
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Luis Serrano
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Meyer M, Garay LI, Kruse MS, Lara A, Gargiulo-Monachelli G, Schumacher M, Guennoun R, Coirini H, De Nicola AF, Gonzalez Deniselle MC. Protective effects of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone in a mouse model of spontaneous motoneuron degeneration. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:201-216. [PMID: 28951257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disorder characterized by progressive death of motoneurons. The Wobbler (WR) mouse is a preclinical model sharing neuropathological similarities with human ALS. We have shown that progesterone (PROG) prevents the progression of motoneuron degeneration. We now studied if allopregnanolone (ALLO), a reduced metabolite of PROG endowed with gabaergic activity, also prevents WR neuropathology. Sixty-day old WRs remained untreated or received two steroid treatment regimens in order to evaluate the response of several parameters during early or prolonged steroid administration. ALLO was administered s.c. daily for 5days (4mg/kg) or every other day for 32days (3, 3mg/kg), while another group of WRs received a 20mg PROG pellet s.c. for 18 or 60days. ALLO administration to WRs increased ALLO serum levels without changing PROG and 5 alpha dihydroprogesterone (5α-DHP), whereas PROG treatment increased PROG, 5α-DHP and ALLO. Untreated WRs showed higher basal levels of serum 5α-DHP than controls. In the cervical spinal cord we studied markers of oxidative stress or associated to trophic responses. These included nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, motoneuron vacuolation, MnSOD immunoreactivity (IR), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and TrkB mRNAs, p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and, cell survival or death signals such as pAKT and the stress activated kinase JNK. Untreated WRs showed a reduction of MnSOD-IR and BDNF/TrkB mRNAs, associated to high p75NTR in motoneurons, neuronal and glial NOS hyperactivity and neuronal vacuolation. Also, low pAKT, mainly in young WRs, and a high pJNK in the old stage characterized WŔs spinal cord. Except for MnSOD and BDNF, these alterations were prevented by an acute ALLO treatment, while short-term PROG elevated MnSOD. Moreover, after chronic administration both steroids enhanced MnSOD-IR and BDNF mRNA, while attenuated pJNK and NOS in glial cells. Long-term PROG also increased pAKT and reduced neuronal NOS, parameters not modulated by chronic ALLO. Clinically, both steroids improved muscle performance. Thus, ALLO was able to reduce neuropathology in this model. Since high oxidative stress activates p75NTR and pJNK in neurodegeneration, steroid reduction of these molecules may provide adequate neuroprotection. These data yield the first evidence that ALLO, a gabaergic neuroactive steroid, brings neuroprotection in a model of motoneuron degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Meyer
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura I Garay
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Depto. de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sol Kruse
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Lara
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisella Gargiulo-Monachelli
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Schumacher
- U1195 INSERM and University Paris Sud: "Neuroprotective, Neuroregenerative and Remyelinating Small Molecules", 94276, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rachida Guennoun
- U1195 INSERM and University Paris Sud: "Neuroprotective, Neuroregenerative and Remyelinating Small Molecules", 94276, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Hector Coirini
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Depto. de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F De Nicola
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Depto. de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Claudia Gonzalez Deniselle
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Depto. de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de, Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Trabjerg E, Kartberg F, Christensen S, Rand KD. Conformational characterization of nerve growth factor-β reveals that its regulatory pro-part domain stabilizes three loop regions in its mature part. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16665-16676. [PMID: 28798232 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.803320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor-β (NGF) is essential for the correct development of the nervous system. NGF exists in both a mature form and a pro-form (proNGF). The two forms have opposing effects on neurons: NGF induces proliferation, whereas proNGF induces apoptosis via binding to a receptor complex of the common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and sortilin. The overexpression of both proNGF and sortilin has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Insights into the conformational differences between proNGF and NGF are central to a better understanding of the opposing mechanisms of action of NGF and proNGF on neurons. However, whereas the structure of NGF has been determined by X-ray crystallography, the structural details for proNGF remain elusive. Here, using a sensitive MS-based analytical method to measure the hydrogen/deuterium exchange of proteins in solution, we analyzed the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF. We detected the presence of a localized higher-order structure motif in the pro-part of proNGF. Furthermore, by comparing the hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the mature part of NGF and proNGF, we found that the presence of the pro-part in proNGF causes a structural stabilization of three loop regions in the mature part, possibly through a direct molecular interaction. Moreover, using tandem MS analyses, we identified two N-linked and two O-linked glycosylations in the pro-part of proNGF. These results advance our knowledge of the conformational properties of proNGF and NGF and help provide a rationale for the diverse biological effects of NGF and proNGF at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben Trabjerg
- From the Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen E, Denmark and.,the Department of Biologics, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Kartberg
- the Department of Biologics, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Søren Christensen
- the Department of Biologics, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Kasper D Rand
- From the Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen E, Denmark and
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Busch R, Baldus M, Vogt MA, Berger SM, Bartsch D, Gass P, von Bohlen Und Halbach O. Effects of p75NTR deficiency on cholinergic innervation of the amygdala and anxiety-like behavior. J Neurochem 2017; 141:461-471. [PMID: 28266720 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a low-affinity receptor that is capable of binding neurotrophins. Two different p75NTR knockout mouse lines are available either with a deletion in Exon III (p75NTRExIII-/- ) or in Exon IV (p75NTRExIV-/- ). In p75NTRExIII knockout mice, only the full-length p75NTR is deleted, whereas in p75NTRExIV knockout mice, the full-length as well as the truncated isoform of the receptor is deleted. Deletion of p75NTR has been shown to affect, among others, the septohippocampal cholinergic innervation pattern and neuronal plasticity within the hippocampus. We hypothesize that deletion of p75NTR also alters the morphology and physiology of a further key structure of the limbic system, the amygdala. Our results indicate that deletion of p75NTR also increases cholinergic innervation in the basolateral amygdala in adult as well as aged p75NTRExIII-/- and p75NTRExIV-/- mice. The p75NTRExIV-/- mice did not display altered long-term potentiation (LTP) in the basolateral amygdala as compared to age-matched control littermates. However, p75NTRExIII-/- mice display stronger LTP in the basolateral amygdala compared to age-matched controls. Bath-application of K252a (a trk antagonist) did not inhibit the induction of LTP in the basolateral amygdala, but reduced the level of LTP in p75NTRExIII-/- mice to levels seen in respective controls. Moreover, p75NTRExIII-/- mice display altered behavior in the dark/light box. Thus, deletion of p75NTR in mice leads to physiological and morphological changes in the amygdala and altered behavior that is linked to the limbic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Busch
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Löffler Straße-23c, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marian Baldus
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Löffler Straße-23c, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Miriam A Vogt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan M Berger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Oliver von Bohlen Und Halbach
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Löffler Straße-23c, Greifswald, Germany
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74
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PROneurotrophins and CONSequences. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2934-2951. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Wang B, Ning H, Reed-Maldonado AB, Zhou J, Ruan Y, Zhou T, Wang HS, Oh BS, Banie L, Lin G, Lue TF. Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Enhances Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression through PERK/ATF4 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020433. [PMID: 28212323 PMCID: PMC5343967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) is used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, but its mechanisms are not well understood. Previously, we found that Li-ESWT increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here we assessed the underlying signaling pathways in Schwann cells in vitro and in penis tissue in vivo after nerve injury. The result indicated that BDNF were significantly increased by the Li-ESWT after nerve injury, as well as the expression of BDNF in Schwann cells (SCs, RT4-D6P2T) in vitro. Li-ESWT activated the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) pathway by increasing the phosphorylation levels of PERK and eukaryotic initiation factor 2a (eIF2α), and enhanced activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in an energy-dependent manner. In addition, GSK2656157—an inhibitor of PERK—effectively inhibited the effect of Li-ESWT on the phosphorylation of PERK, eIF2α, and the expression of ATF4. Furthermore, silencing ATF4 dramatically attenuated the effect of Li-ESWT on the expression of BDNF, but had no effect on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α or glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in Schwann cells. In conclusion, our findings shed new light on the underlying mechanisms by which Li-ESWT may stimulate the expression of BDNF through activation of PERK/ATF4 signaling pathway. This information may help to refine the use of Li-ESWT to further improve its clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Wang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Hongxiu Ning
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Amanda B Reed-Maldonado
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Yajun Ruan
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Tie Zhou
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Hsun Shuan Wang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Byung Seok Oh
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Lia Banie
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Guiting Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Tom F Lue
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Time-Dependent Nerve Growth Factor Signaling Changes in the Rat Retina During Optic Nerve Crush-Induced Degeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010098. [PMID: 28067793 PMCID: PMC5297732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is suggested to be neuroprotective after nerve injury; however, retinal ganglion cells (RGC) degenerate following optic-nerve crush (ONC), even in the presence of increased levels of endogenous NGF. To further investigate this apparently paradoxical condition, a time-course study was performed to evaluate the effects of unilateral ONC on NGF expression and signaling in the adult retina. Visually evoked potential and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess axonal damage and RGC loss. The levels of NGF, proNGF, p75NTR, TrkA and GFAP and the activation of several intracellular pathways were analyzed at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after crush (dac) by ELISA/Western Blot and PathScan intracellular signaling array. The progressive RGC loss and nerve impairment featured an early and sustained activation of apoptotic pathways; and GFAP and p75NTR enhancement. In contrast, ONC-induced reduction of TrkA, and increased proNGF were observed only at 7 and 14 dac. We propose that proNGF and p75NTR contribute to exacerbate retinal degeneration by further stimulating apoptosis during the second week after injury, and thus hamper the neuroprotective effect of the endogenous NGF. These findings might aid in identifying effective treatment windows for NGF-based strategies to counteract retinal and/or optic-nerve degeneration.
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Budzinska M, Wicher KB, Terenzio M. Neuronal Roles of the Bicaudal D Family of Motor Adaptors. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 104:133-152. [PMID: 28215293 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
All cell types rely on active intracellular cargo transport to shuttle essential cellular components such as proteins, lipids, RNA, and even organelles from the center to the periphery and vice versa. Additionally, several signaling pathways take advantage of intracellular transport to propagate their signals by moving activated receptors and protein effectors to specific locations inside the cell. Neurons particularly, being a very polarized cell type, are highly dependent on molecular motors for the anterograde and retrograde delivery of essential cellular components and signaling molecules. For these reasons, motor adaptor proteins have been extensively investigated in regard to their role in physiology and pathology of the nervous system. In this chapter, we will concentrate on a family of motor adaptor proteins, Bicaudal D (BICD), and their function in the context of the nervous system. BicD was originally described as essential for the correct localization of maternal mRNAs in Drosophila's oocyte and a regulator of the Golgi to ER retrograde transport in mammalian cells. Both mammalian BICD1 and BICD2 are highly expressed in the nervous system during development, and their importance in neuronal homeostasis has been recently under scrutiny. Several mutations in BICD2 have been linked to the development of neuromuscular diseases, and BICD2 knockout (KO) mice display migration defects of the radial cerebellar granule cells. More in line with the overall topic of this book, BICD1 was identified as a novel regulator of neurotrophin (NT) signaling as its deletion leads to defective sorting of ligand-activated NT receptors with dramatic consequences on the NT-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Budzinska
- Molecular NeuroPathobiology Laboratory, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K B Wicher
- Ossianix, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - M Terenzio
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Riffault B, Kourdougli N, Dumon C, Ferrand N, Buhler E, Schaller F, Chambon C, Rivera C, Gaiarsa JL, Porcher C. Pro-Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (proBDNF)-Mediated p75NTR Activation Promotes Depolarizing Actions of GABA and Increases Susceptibility to Epileptic Seizures. Cereb Cortex 2016; 28:510-527. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Riffault
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Nazim Kourdougli
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Camille Dumon
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Ferrand
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- Plateforme Post-Génomique, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Schaller
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- Plateforme Post-Génomique, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Chambon
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, NIA, UMR 7260 CNRS, 13331 cedex 03, Marseille, France
| | - Claudio Rivera
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gaiarsa
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Porcher
- Aix-Marseille University, Département de Biologie, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 901, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED—Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
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Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to a family of small secreted proteins that also include nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 3, and neurotrophin 4. BDNF stands out among all neurotrophins by its high expression levels in the brain and its potent effects at synapses. Several aspects of BDNF biology such as transcription, processing, and secretion are regulated by synaptic activity. Such observations prompted the suggestion that BDNF may regulate activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP), a sustained enhancement of excitatory synaptic efficacy thought to underlie learning and memory. Here, we will review the evidence pointing to a fundamental role of this neurotrophin in LTP, especially within the hippocampus. Prominent questions in the field, including the release and action sites of BDNF during LTP, as well as the signaling and molecular mechanisms involved, will also be addressed. The diverse effects of BDNF at excitatory synapses are determined by the activation of TrkB receptors and downstream signaling pathways, and the functions, typically opposing in nature, of its immature form (proBDNF). The activation of p75NTR receptors by proBDNF and the implications for long-term depression will also be addressed. Finally, we discuss the synergy between TrkB and glucocorticoid receptor signaling to determine cellular responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Leal
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C R Bramham
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - C B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Janssens J, Lu D, Ni B, Chadwick W, Siddiqui S, Azmi A, Etienne H, Jushaj A, van Gastel J, Martin B, Maudsley S. Development of Precision Small-Molecule Proneurotrophic Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 104:263-311. [PMID: 28215298 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, will represent one of the largest future burdens on worldwide healthcare systems due to the increasing proportion of elderly in our society. As deficiencies in neurotrophins are implicated in the pathogenesis of many age-related neurodegenerative disorders, it is reasonable to consider that global neurotrophin resistance may also become a major healthcare threat. Central nervous system networks are effectively maintained through aging by neuroprotective and neuroplasticity signaling mechanisms which are predominantly controlled by neurotrophin receptor signaling. Neurotrophin receptors are single pass receptor tyrosine kinases that form dimeric structures upon ligand binding to initiate cellular signaling events that control many protective and plasticity-related pathways. Declining functionality of the neurotrophin ligand-receptor system is considered one of the hallmarks of neuropathological aging. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective therapeutic strategies to contend with this significant issue. While the therapeutic applications of cognate ligands for neurotrophin receptors are limited, the development of nonpeptidergic, small-molecule ligands can overcome these limitations, and productively regulate this important receptor system with beneficial effects. Using our advanced knowledge of the high-dimensionality complexity of receptor systems, the future generation of precision medicines targeting these systems will be an attainable goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Janssens
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - D Lu
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - B Ni
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - W Chadwick
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - S Siddiqui
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - A Azmi
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - H Etienne
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - A Jushaj
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - J van Gastel
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - B Martin
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - S Maudsley
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium; Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States.
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81
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p75 neurotrophin receptor and its novel interaction partner, NIX, are involved in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 368:13-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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82
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Yang K, Wang Y, Ju Y, Li G, Liu C, Liu J, Liu Q, Wen X, Liu LC. p75 neurotrophin receptor regulates differential mineralization of rat ectomesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2016; 50. [PMID: 27672006 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether p75NTR (p75 neurotrophin receptor) regulates differential mineralization capacity of rEMSCs (rat ectomesenchymal stem cells) and underlying mechanisms associated with Mage-D1 (melanoma-associated antigens-D1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of p75NTR in developing tooth germs was performed on E12.5d (embryonic 12.5 days) and E19.5d (embryonic 19.5 days). E12.5d EMSCs and E19.5d EMSCs were isolated in the same pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats from embryonic maxillofacial processes and tooth germs. p75NTR small-interfering RNA, p75NTR overexpression plasmid, Mage-D1 small-interfering RNA and recombined rat NGF were used to transfect cells. RESULTS p75NTR was expressed in epithelial-mesenchymal interaction areas at E12.5d and E19.5d tooth germ development stages. E19.5d EMSCs had higher p75NTR expression levels and differential mineralization capacity but lower levels of cell proliferation. Under induction by mineralized culture medium, the potential of differential mineralization had identical trends in regulation of p75NTR in EMSCs; Mage-D1 did not fluctuate and TrkA was not expressed. Binding of p75NTR and Mage-D1 were detected. Mage-D1 knockdown significantly down-regulated expression of related genes, which NGF could not rescue. CONCLUSION p75NTR participated in tooth germ development stages and mediated differential mineralization of EMSCs. p75NTR played a critical role in regulating the potential of differential mineralization of EMSCs. Mage-D1 seemed to act as a bridge in the underlying mechanism of effects of p75NTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingxin Ju
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiujie Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Chuan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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83
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Shruthi S, Sumitha R, Varghese AM, Ashok S, Chandrasekhar Sagar BK, Sathyaprabha TN, Nalini A, Kramer BW, Raju TR, Vijayalakshmi K, Alladi PA. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Facilitates Functional Recovery from ALS-Cerebral Spinal Fluid-Induced Neurodegenerative Changes in the NSC-34 Motor Neuron Cell Line. NEURODEGENER DIS 2016; 17:44-58. [PMID: 27617773 DOI: 10.1159/000447559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival of motor neurons is dependent upon neurotrophic factors both during childhood and adolescence and during adult life. In disease conditions, such as in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the mRNA levels of trophic factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor are downregulated. This was replicated in our in vivo experimental system following the injection of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of sporadic ALS (ALS-CSF) patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective role of BDNF in a model of sporadic ALS patients. METHODS The expressions of endogenous BDNF, its receptor TrkB, the enzyme choline acetyl transferase (ChAT), and phosphorylated neurofilaments were studied in NSC-34 cells. The calcium-buffering and proapoptotic effects were assessed by calbindin-D28K and caspase-3 expression, respectively. RESULTS ALS-CSF considerably depleted the endogenous BDNF protein, while its effect on IGF-1 and FGF-2 was inconsequential; this indirectly indicates a key role for BDNF in supporting motor neuronal survival. The exogenous supplementation of BDNF reversed autocrine expression; however, it may not be completely receptor mediated, as the TrkB levels were not restored. BDNF completely revived ChAT expression. It may inhibit apoptosis by restoring Ca2+ homeostasis, since caspase-3 and calbindin-D28K expression was back to normal. The organellar ultrastructural changes were only partially reversed. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that BDNF supplementation ameliorates most but not all degenerative changes. The incomplete revival at the ultrastructural level signifies the requirement of factors other than BDNF for near-total protection of motor neurons, and, to an extent, it explains why only a partial success is achieved in clinical trials with BDNF in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmukha Shruthi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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84
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Josephy-Hernandez S, Jmaeff S, Pirvulescu I, Aboulkassim T, Saragovi HU. Neurotrophin receptor agonists and antagonists as therapeutic agents: An evolving paradigm. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 97:139-155. [PMID: 27546056 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are prevalent, complex and devastating conditions, with very limited treatment options currently available. While they manifest in many forms, there are commonalities that link them together. In this review, we will focus on neurotrophins - a family of related factors involved in neuronal development and maintenance. Neurodegenerative diseases often present with a neurotrophin imbalance, in which there may be decreases in trophic signaling through Trk receptors for example, and/or increases in pro-apoptotic activity through p75. Clinical trials with neurotrophins have continuously failed due to their poor pharmacological properties as well as the unavoidable activation of p75. Thus, there is a need for drugs without such setbacks. Small molecule neurotrophin mimetics are favorable options since they can selectively activate Trks or inactivate p75. In this review, we will initially present a brief outline of how these molecules are synthesized and their mechanisms of action; followed by an update in the current state of neurotrophins and small molecules in major neurodegenerative diseases. Although there has been significant progress in the development of potential therapeutics, more studies are needed to establish clear mechanisms of action and target specificity in order to transition from animal models to the assessment of safety and use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Josephy-Hernandez
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sean Jmaeff
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iulia Pirvulescu
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tahar Aboulkassim
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - H Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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85
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Luo TD, Alton TB, Apel PJ, Cai J, Barnwell JC, Sonntag WE, Smith TL, Li Z. Effects of age and insulin-like growth factor-1 on rat neurotrophin receptor expression after nerve injury. Muscle Nerve 2016; 54:769-75. [PMID: 26970089 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurotrophin receptors, such as p75(NTR) , direct neuronal response to injury. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) mediates the increase in p75(NTR) during aging. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aging and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) treatment on recovery after peripheral nerve injury. METHODS Young and aged rats underwent tibial nerve transection with either local saline or IGF-1 treatment. Neurotrophin receptor mRNA and protein expression were quantified. RESULTS Aged rats expressed elevated baseline IGF-1R (34% higher, P = 0.01) and p75(NTR) (68% higher, P < 0.01) compared with young rats. Post-injury, aged animals expressed significantly higher p75(NTR) levels (68.5% above baseline at 4 weeks). IGF-1 treatment suppressed p75(NTR) gene expression at 4 weeks (17.2% above baseline, P = 0.002) post-injury. CONCLUSIONS Local IGF-1 treatment reverses age-related declines in recovery after peripheral nerve injuries by suppressing p75(NTR) upregulation and pro-apoptotic complexes. IGF-1 may be considered a viable adjuvant therapy to current treatment modalities. Muscle Nerve 54: 769-775, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- T David Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Timothy B Alton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Peter J Apel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Jiaozhong Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Jonathan C Barnwell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Thomas L Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA.
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86
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Ragunathan YT, Madhavan NR, Mohan SP, Kumar SK. Immunohistochemical Detection of p75 Neurotrophin Receptor (p75-NTR) in Follicular and Plexiform Ameloblastoma. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC63-6. [PMID: 27656566 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17782.8280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ameloblastoma holds a unique position among benign tumours by its locally destructive and invasive nature. Recently improvised molecular techniques helped researchers to unravel the myth behind such biologic behaviour. Though interesting findings have been delivered, the rhythmic correlation regarding the exact mechanism still remains lacking. Neurotrophins and their receptor mediated pathways play a crucial role in survival, death and differentiation of many neuroectoderm derived cells. With this background, the study has been aimed to investigate the expression of p75-NTR (Neurotrophin Receptor) in follicular and plexiform ameloblastoma. AIM To analyze the immunohistochemical expression pattern of p75-NTR in ameloblastoma and to compare the immunohistochemical expression pattern of p75-NTR among the histological types of ameloblastoma, follicular and plexiform patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total 22 ameloblastomas (12 follicular, 10 plexiform) were immuno-stained with anti-human p75-NTR mouse IgG monoclonal antibody and the pattern of staining is statistically analyzed. RESULTS Only 11 (10 follicular, 1 plexiform) out of 22 ameloblastomas showed immuno-reactivity to p75-NTR. In ameloblastoma, only the peripheral pre-ameloblast like tall columnar cells showed reactivity whereas the stellate reticulum-like cells were immuno-negative. The staining pattern was membranous in the immuno-reactive cells. The results were studied with the downstream pathways from the literature and a possible mechanism has been proposed. CONCLUSION The expression pattern of p75-NTR was found to be more in follicular ameloblastoma than plexiform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nirmal Ramadas Madhavan
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital , Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sunil Paramel Mohan
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences , Kerela, India
| | - Srichinthu Kenniyan Kumar
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research , Tamilnadu, India
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87
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Pan W, Kremer KL, Kaidonis X, Ludlow VE, Rogers ML, Xie J, Proud CG, Koblar SA. Characterization of p75 neurotrophin receptor expression in human dental pulp stem cells. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 53:90-98. [PMID: 27469433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adult dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are a heterogeneous stem cell population, which are able to differentiate down neural, chondrocyte, osteocyte and adipocyte lineages. We studied the expression pattern of p75 neurotrophin receptors (p75NTR), a marker of neural stem cells, within human DPSC populations from eight donors. p75NTR are expressed at low levels (<10%) in DPSC. Importantly, p75(+) DPSC represent higher expression levels of SOX1 (neural precursor cell marker), SOX2 (cell pluripotency marker) and nestin (neural stem cell marker) in comparison to p75(-) DPSC. Our results suggest that p75(+) hDPSC may denote a subpopulation with greater neurogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenru Pan
- School of Medical Science, Australia; South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karlea L Kremer
- School of Medicine, Australia; South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xenia Kaidonis
- School of Medicine, Australia; South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, South Australia, Australia
| | - Victoria E Ludlow
- School of Medicine, Australia; South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mary-Louise Rogers
- Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Jianling Xie
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, South Australia, Australia
| | - Simon A Koblar
- School of Medicine, Australia; South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, South Australia, Australia.
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88
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Wehner AB, Milen AM, Albin RL, Pierchala BA. The p75 neurotrophin receptor augments survival signaling in the striatum of pre-symptomatic Q175(WT/HD) mice. Neuroscience 2016; 324:297-306. [PMID: 26947127 PMCID: PMC4849895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a constellation of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric features. Striatal medium spiny neurons, one of the most affected populations, are dependent on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) anterogradely transported from the cortex for proper function and survival. Recent studies suggest both receptors for BDNF, TrkB and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75), are improperly regulated in the striata of HD patients and mouse models of HD. While BDNF-TrkB signaling almost exclusively promotes survival and metabolic function, p75 signaling is able to induce survival or apoptosis depending on the available ligand and associated co-receptor. We investigated the role of p75 in the Q175 knock-in mouse model of HD by examining the levels and activation of downstream signaling molecules, and subsequently examining Hdh(+/Q175);p75(-/-) mice to determine if p75 represents a promising therapeutic target. In Hdh(+/Q175);p75(+/+) mice, we observed enhanced survival signaling as evidenced by an increase in phosphorylation and activation of Akt and the p65 subunit of NFκB in the striatum at 5 months of age and an increase in XIAP expression compared to Hdh(+/+);p75(+/+) mice; this increase was lost in Hdh(+/Q175);p75(-/-) mice. Hdh(+/Q175);p75(-/-) mice also showed a decrease in Bcl-XL expression by immunoblotting compared to Hdh(+/Q175);p75(+/+) and Hdh(+/+);p75(+/+) littermates. Consistent with diminished survival signaling, DARPP-32 expression decreased both by immunoblotting and by immunohistochemistry in Hdh(+/Q175);p75(-/-) mice compared to Hdh(+/+);p75(+/+), Hdh(+/Q175);p75(+/+), and Hdh(+/+);p75(-/-) littermates. Additionally, striatal volume declined to a greater extent in Hdh(+/Q175);p75(-/-) when compared to Hdh(+/Q175);p75(+/+) littermates at 12 months, indicating a more aggressive onset of degeneration. These data suggest that p75 signaling plays an early role in augmenting pro-survival signaling in the striatum and that disruption of p75 signaling at a pre-symptomatic age may exacerbate pathologic changes in Hdh(+/Q175) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Wehner
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A M Milen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R L Albin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - B A Pierchala
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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89
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Do C, Lang C, Lin J, Darbary H, Krupska I, Gaba A, Petukhova L, Vonsattel JP, Gallagher M, Goland R, Clynes R, Dwork A, Kral J, Monk C, Christiano A, Tycko B. Mechanisms and Disease Associations of Haplotype-Dependent Allele-Specific DNA Methylation. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:934-955. [PMID: 27153397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Haplotype-dependent allele-specific methylation (hap-ASM) can impact disease susceptibility, but maps of this phenomenon using stringent criteria in disease-relevant tissues remain sparse. Here we apply array-based and Methyl-Seq approaches to multiple human tissues and cell types, including brain, purified neurons and glia, T lymphocytes, and placenta, and identify 795 hap-ASM differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 3,082 strong methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs), most not previously reported. More than half of these DMRs have cell type-restricted ASM, and among them are 188 hap-ASM DMRs and 933 mQTLs located near GWAS signals for immune and neurological disorders. Targeted bis-seq confirmed hap-ASM in 12/13 loci tested, including CCDC155, CD69, FRMD1, IRF1, KBTBD11, and S100A(∗)-ILF2, associated with immune phenotypes, MYT1L, PTPRN2, CMTM8 and CELF2, associated with neurological disorders, NGFR and HLA-DRB6, associated with both immunological and brain disorders, and ZFP57, a trans-acting regulator of genomic imprinting. Polymorphic CTCF and transcription factor (TF) binding sites were over-represented among hap-ASM DMRs and mQTLs, and analysis of the human data, supplemented by cross-species comparisons to macaques, indicated that CTCF and TF binding likelihood predicts the strength and direction of the allelic methylation asymmetry. These results show that hap-ASM is highly tissue specific; an important trans-acting regulator of genomic imprinting is regulated by this phenomenon; and variation in CTCF and TF binding sites is an underlying mechanism, and maps of hap-ASM and mQTLs reveal regulatory sequences underlying supra- and sub-threshold GWAS peaks in immunological and neurological disorders.
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90
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Delbary-Gossart S, Lee S, Baroni M, Lamarche I, Arnone M, Canolle B, Lin A, Sacramento J, Salegio EA, Castel MN, Delesque-Touchard N, Alam A, Laboudie P, Ferzaz B, Savi P, Herbert JM, Manley GT, Ferguson AR, Bresnahan JC, Bono F, Beattie MS. A novel inhibitor of p75-neurotrophin receptor improves functional outcomes in two models of traumatic brain injury. Brain 2016; 139:1762-82. [PMID: 27084575 PMCID: PMC4892754 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The p75 neurotrophin receptor is important in multiple physiological actions including neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth during development, and after central nervous system injury. We have discovered a novel piperazine-derived compound, EVT901, which interferes with p75 neurotrophin receptor oligomerization through direct interaction with the first cysteine-rich domain of the extracellular region. Using ligand binding assays with cysteine-rich domains-fused p75 neurotrophin receptor, we confirmed that EVT901 interferes with oligomerization of full-length p75 neurotrophin receptor in a dose-dependent manner. Here we report that EVT901 reduces binding of pro-nerve growth factor to p75 neurotrophin receptor, blocks pro-nerve growth factor induced apoptosis in cells expressing p75 neurotrophin receptor, and enhances neurite outgrowth in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EVT901 abrogates p75 neurotrophin receptor signalling by other ligands, such as prion peptide and amyloid-β. To test the efficacy of EVT901 in vivo, we evaluated the outcome in two models of traumatic brain injury. We generated controlled cortical impacts in adult rats. Using unbiased stereological analysis, we found that EVT901 delivered intravenously daily for 1 week after injury, reduced lesion size, protected cortical neurons and oligodendrocytes, and had a positive effect on neurological function. After lateral fluid percussion injury in adult rats, oral treatment with EVT901 reduced neuronal death in the hippocampus and thalamus, reduced long-term cognitive deficits, and reduced the occurrence of post-traumatic seizure activity. Together, these studies provide a new reagent for altering p75 neurotrophin receptor actions after injury and suggest that EVT901 may be useful in treatment of central nervous system trauma and other neurological disorders where p75 neurotrophin receptor signalling is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangmi Lee
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Marco Baroni
- 3 Sanofi Research, Exploratory Unit, Via Gaetano Sbodio 2, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Isabelle Lamarche
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Michele Arnone
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Benoit Canolle
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Amity Lin
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sacramento
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Ernesto A Salegio
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Marie-Noelle Castel
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | | | - Antoine Alam
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Patricia Laboudie
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Badia Ferzaz
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Pierre Savi
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marc Herbert
- 4 From Sanofi Research, Early to Candidate, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Geoffrey T Manley
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Adam R Ferguson
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Bresnahan
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Françoise Bono
- 1 Evotec, 195 route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Michael S Beattie
- 2 Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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91
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Nadezhdin KD, García-Carpio I, Goncharuk SA, Mineev KS, Arseniev AS, Vilar M. Structural Basis of p75 Transmembrane Domain Dimerization. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12346-57. [PMID: 27056327 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.723585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimerization of single span transmembrane receptors underlies their mechanism of activation. p75 neurotrophin receptor plays an important role in the nervous system, but the understanding of p75 activation mechanism is still incomplete. The transmembrane (TM) domain of p75 stabilizes the receptor dimers through a disulfide bond, essential for the NGF signaling. Here we solved by NMR the three-dimensional structure of the p75-TM-WT and the functionally inactive p75-TM-C257A dimers. Upon reconstitution in lipid micelles, p75-TM-WT forms the disulfide-linked dimers spontaneously. Under reducing conditions, p75-TM-WT is in a monomer-dimer equilibrium with the Cys(257) residue located on the dimer interface. In contrast, p75-TM-C257A forms dimers through the AXXXG motif on the opposite face of the α-helix. Biochemical and cross-linking experiments indicate that AXXXG motif is not on the dimer interface of p75-TM-WT, suggesting that the conformation of p75-TM-C257A may be not functionally relevant. However, rather than mediating p75 homodimerization, mutagenesis of the AXXXG motif reveals its functional role in the regulated intramembrane proteolysis of p75 catalyzed by the γ-secretase complex. Our structural data provide an insight into the key role of the Cys(257) in stabilization of the weak transmembrane dimer in a conformation required for the NGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill D Nadezhdin
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation and
| | - Irmina García-Carpio
- Neurodegeneration Unit, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Crta Majadahonda a Pozuelo km.2 Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Sergey A Goncharuk
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation and
| | - Konstantin S Mineev
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation and
| | - Alexander S Arseniev
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation and
| | - Marçal Vilar
- Neurodegeneration Unit, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Crta Majadahonda a Pozuelo km.2 Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
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92
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De Nadai T, Marchetti L, Di Rienzo C, Calvello M, Signore G, Di Matteo P, Gobbo F, Turturro S, Meucci S, Viegi A, Beltram F, Luin S, Cattaneo A. Precursor and mature NGF live tracking: one versus many at a time in the axons. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20272. [PMID: 26829890 PMCID: PMC4735336 DOI: 10.1038/srep20272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical view of nerve growth factor (NGF) action in the nervous system is linked to its retrograde axonal transport. However, almost nothing is known on the trafficking properties of its unprocessed precursor proNGF, characterized by different and generally opposite biological functions with respect to its mature counterpart. Here we developed a strategy to fluorolabel both purified precursor and mature neurotrophins (NTs) with a controlled stoichiometry and insertion site. Using a single particle tracking approach, we characterized the axonal transport of proNGF versus mature NGF in living dorsal root ganglion neurons grown in compartmentalized microfluidic devices. We demonstrate that proNGF is retrogradely transported as NGF, but with a lower flux and a different distribution of numbers of neurotrophins per vesicle. Moreover, exploiting a dual-color labelling technique, we analysed the transport of both NT forms when simultaneously administered to the axon tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa De Nadai
- BioSNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto di Neuroscienze - CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Marchetti
- BioSNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto di Neuroscienze - CNR, Pisa, Italy.,NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmine Di Rienzo
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy.,Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Signore
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Di Matteo
- BioSNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto di Neuroscienze - CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Gobbo
- BioSNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto di Neuroscienze - CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Sandro Meucci
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy.,Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Viegi
- BioSNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto di Neuroscienze - CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Beltram
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy.,Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Luin
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- BioSNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto di Neuroscienze - CNR, Pisa, Italy
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93
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Mufson EJ, Mahady L, Waters D, Counts SE, Perez SE, DeKosky ST, Ginsberg SD, Ikonomovic MD, Scheff SW, Binder LI. Hippocampal plasticity during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2015; 309:51-67. [PMID: 25772787 PMCID: PMC4567973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity involves molecular and structural changes in central nervous system (CNS) throughout life. The concept of neural organization allows for remodeling as a compensatory mechanism to the early pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in an attempt to maintain brain function and cognition during the onset of dementia. The hippocampus, a crucial component of the medial temporal lobe memory circuit, is affected early in AD and displays synaptic and intraneuronal molecular remodeling against a pathological background of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and intracellular neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation in the early stages of AD. Here we discuss human clinical pathological findings supporting the concept that the hippocampus is capable of neural plasticity during mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of AD and early stage AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Mufson
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Department of Neurobiology, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States.
| | - L Mahady
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Department of Neurobiology, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States
| | - D Waters
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Department of Neurobiology, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States
| | - S E Counts
- Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - S E Perez
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - S T DeKosky
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - S D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Departments of Psychiatry and Physiology & Neuroscience, New York University Langone Medical Center, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - M D Ikonomovic
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - S W Scheff
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - L I Binder
- Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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94
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Micera A, Stampachiacchiere B, Di Zazzo A, Sgrulletta R, Cortes M, Normando EM, Lambiase A, Bonini S. NGF Modulates trkANGFR/p75NTR in αSMA-Expressing Conjunctival Fibroblasts from Human Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid (OCP). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142737. [PMID: 26569118 PMCID: PMC4646573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In a previous study, we reported the upregulation of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and trkANGFR expression in Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid (OCP), an inflammatory and remodeling eye disease. Herein, we hypothesize a potential NGF-driven mechanism on fibroblasts (FBs) during OCP remodeling events. To verify, human derived OCP-FBs were isolated and characterized either at baseline or after NGF exposure. Materials and Methods Conjunctival biopsies were obtained from 7 patients having OCP and 6 control subjects (cataract surgery). Both conjunctivas and primary FB cultures were characterised for αSMA, NGF and trkANGFR/p75NTR expression. Subcultures were exposed to NGF and evaluated for αSMA, NGF, trkANGFR/p75NTR expression as well as TGFβ1/IL4 release. For analysis, early and advanced subgroups were defined according to clinical parameters. Results OCP-conjunctivas showed αSMA-expressing FBs and high NGF levels. Advanced OCP-FBs showed higher αSMA expression associated with higher p75NTR and lower trkANGFR expression, as compared to early counterparts. αSMA expression was in keeping with disease severity and correlated to p75NTR. NGF exposure did not affect trkANGFR levels in early OCP-FBs while decreased both αSMA/p75NTR expression and TGFβ1/IL4 release. These effects were not observed in advanced OCP-FBs. Conclusions Taken together, these data are suggestive for a NGF/p75NTR task in the potential modulation of OCP fibrosis and encourages further studies to fully understand the underlying mechanism occurring in fibrosis. NGF/p75NTR might be viewed as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Di Zazzo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Eduardo Maria Normando
- Glaucoma & Retinal Degeneration Research Group, Visual Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11–43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, Marylebone Road, London, NW1 5QH, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Ophthalmology, Dept. Organi di senso, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonini
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (AM); (SB)
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95
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Sánchez E, Bergareche A, Krebs CE, Gorostidi A, Makarov V, Ruiz-Martinez J, Chorny A, Lopez de Munain A, Marti-Masso JF, Paisán-Ruiz C. SORT1 Mutation Resulting in Sortilin Deficiency and p75(NTR) Upregulation in a Family With Essential Tremor. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:7/4/1759091415598290. [PMID: 26297037 PMCID: PMC4550298 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415598290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
*These authors contributed equally to this work. Essential tremor (ET) is the most prevalent movement disorder affecting millions of people in the United States. Although a positive family history is one of the most important risk factors for ET, the genetic causes of ET remain unknown. In this study, whole exome sequencing and subsequent approaches were performed in a family with an autosomal dominant form of early-onset ET. Functional analyses including mutagenesis, cell culture, gene expression, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, and apoptosis assays were also performed. A disease-segregating mutation (p.Gly171Ala), absent in normal population, was identified in the SORT1 gene. The p.Gly171Ala mutation was shown not only to impair the expression of its encoding protein sortilin but also the mRNA levels of its binding partner p75 neurotrophin receptor that is known to be implicated in brain injury, neuronal apoptosis, and neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sánchez
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Bergareche
- Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa, Spain Centro de investigación biomédica en Red para enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catharine E Krebs
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Gorostidi
- Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa, Spain Centro de investigación biomédica en Red para enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Ruiz-Martinez
- Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa, Spain Centro de investigación biomédica en Red para enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejo Chorny
- Department of Medicine, The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa, Spain Centro de investigación biomédica en Red para enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - Jose Felix Marti-Masso
- Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa, Spain Centro de investigación biomédica en Red para enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - Coro Paisán-Ruiz
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Friedman Brain and Mindich Child Health and Development Institutes, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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96
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Poser R, Dokter M, von Bohlen Und Halbach V, Berger SM, Busch R, Baldus M, Unsicker K, von Bohlen Und Halbach O. Impact of a deletion of the full-length and short isoform of p75NTR on cholinergic innervation and the population of postmitotic doublecortin positive cells in the dentate gyrus. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:63. [PMID: 26074780 PMCID: PMC4444824 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of mice carrying a deletion of the pan-neurotrophin receptor p75NTR have allowed identifying p75NTR as an important structural regulator of the hippocampus. Most of the previous analyses were done using p75NTR (ExIII) knockout mice which still express the short isoform of p75NTR. To scrutinize the role of p75NTR in the hippocampus, we analyzed adult and aged p75NTR (ExIV) knockout mice, in which both, the short and the full-length isoform are deleted. Deletion of these isoforms induced morphological alterations in the adult dentate gyrus (DG), leading to an increase in the thickness of the molecular and granular layer. Based on these observations, we next determined the morphological substrates that might contribute to this phenotype. The cholinergic innervation of the molecular and granular layer of the DG was found to be significantly increased in the knockout mice. Furthermore, adult neurogenesis in the DG was found to be significantly altered with increased numbers of doublecortin (DCX) positive cells and reduced numbers of apoptotic cells in p75NTR (ExIV) knockout mice. However, cell proliferation as measured by phosphohiston H3 (PH3) positive cell numbers was not affected. These morphological alterations (number of DCX-positive cells and increased cholinergic fiber densities) as well as reduced cell death in the DG are likely to contribute to the observed thickening of the granular layer in p75NTR (ExIV) knockout mice. In addition, Sholl-analysis of DCX-positive neurons revealed a higher dendritic complexity and could thus be a possible morphological correlate for the increased thickness of the molecular layer in p75NTR deficient animals. Our data clearly demonstrate that deletion of both, the short and the full-length isoform of p75NTR affects DG morphology, due to alterations of the cholinergic system and an imbalance between neurogenesis and programmed cell death within the subgranular zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Poser
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Dokter
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Stefan M Berger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ruben Busch
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marian Baldus
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Unsicker
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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97
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Sconce M, Churchill M, Moore C, Meshul C. Intervention with 7,8-dihydroxyflavone blocks further striatal terminal loss and restores motor deficits in a progressive mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience 2015; 290:454-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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98
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Ventresca EM, Lecht S, Jakubowski P, Chiaverelli RA, Weaver M, Del Valle L, Ettinger K, Gincberg G, Priel A, Braiman A, Lazarovici P, Lelkes PI, Marcinkiewicz C. Association of p75(NTR) and α9β1 integrin modulates NGF-dependent cellular responses. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1225-36. [PMID: 25748048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct interaction of α9β1 integrin with nerve growth factor (NGF) has been previously reported to induce pro-proliferative and pro-survival activities of non-neuronal cells. We investigated participation of p75(NTR) in α9β1 integrin-dependent cellular response to NGF stimulation. Using selective transfection of glioma cell lines with these receptors, we showed a strong, cation-independent association of α9 integrin subunit with p75(NTR) on the cellular membrane by selective immunoprecipitation experiments. The presence of the α9/p75(NTR) complex increases NGF-dependent cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. Other integrin subunits including β1 were not found in complex with p75(NTR). FRET analysis indicated that p75(NTR) and α9 integrin subunit are not closely associated through their cytoplasmic domains, most probably because of the molecular interference with other cytoplasmic proteins such as paxillin. Interaction of α9β1 integrin with another ligand, VCAM-1 was not modulated by the p75(NTR). α9/p75(NTR) complex elevated NGF-dependent activation of MAPK Erk1/2 arty for integrin that may create active complexes with other types of receptors belonging to the TNF superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Ventresca
- CoE Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shimon Lecht
- CoE Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Piotr Jakubowski
- CoE Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael Weaver
- Department of Neurosurgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Keren Ettinger
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galit Gincberg
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Priel
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alex Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, The Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- CoE Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- CoE Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor inhibits GABAergic neurotransmission by activating endocytosis and repression of GABAA receptors. J Neurosci 2015; 34:13516-34. [PMID: 25274828 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2069-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GABA is the canonical inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. This inhibitory action is largely mediated by GABA type A receptors (GABAARs). Among the many factors controlling GABAergic transmission, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) appears to play a major role in regulating synaptic inhibition. Recent findings have demonstrated that BDNF can be released as a precursor (proBDNF). Although the role of mature BDNF on GABAergic synaptogenesis and maintenance has been well studied, an important question still unanswered is whether secreted proBDNF might affect GABAergic neurotransmission. Here, we have used 14 d in vitro primary culture of hippocampal neurons and ex vivo preparations from rats to study the function of proBDNF in regulation of GABAAR trafficking and activity. We demonstrate that proBDNF impairs GABAergic transmission by the activation of two distinct pathways: (1) a RhoA-Rock-PTEN pathway that decreases the phosphorylation levels of GABAAR, thus affecting receptor function and triggering endocytosis and degradation of internalized receptors, and (2) a JAK-STAT-ICER pathway leading to the repression of GABAARs synthesis. These effects lead to the diminution of GABAergic synapses and are correlated with a decrease in GABAergic synaptic currents. These results revealed new functions for proBDNF-p75 neurotrophin receptor signaling pathway in the control of the efficacy of GABAergic synaptic activity by regulating the trafficking and synthesis of GABAARs at inhibitory synapses.
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100
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NGF in Early Embryogenesis, Differentiation, and Pathology in the Nervous and Immune Systems. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2015; 29:125-152. [PMID: 26695167 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2015_420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of NGF is extremely complex, and although the study of this neurotrophin began more than 60 years ago, it is far from being concluded. NGF, its precursor molecule pro-NGF, and their different receptor systems (i.e., TrkA, p75NTR, and sortilin) have key roles in the development and adult physiology of both the nervous and immune systems. Although the NGF receptor system and the pathways activated are similar for all types of cells sensitive to NGF, the effects exerted during embryonic differentiation and in committed mature cells are strikingly different and sometimes opposite. Bearing in mind the pleiotropic effects of NGF, alterations in its expression and synthesis, as well as variations in the types of receptor available and in their respective levels of expression, may have profound effects and play multiple roles in the development and progression of several diseases. In recent years, the use of NGF or of inhibitors of its receptors has been prospected as a therapeutic tool in a variety of neurological diseases and injuries. In this review, we outline the different roles played by the NGF system in various moments of nervous and immune system differentiation and physiology, from embryonic development to aging. The data collected over the past decades indicate that NGF activities are highly integrated among systems and are necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis. Further, more integrated and multidisciplinary studies should take into consideration these multiple and interactive aspects of NGF physiology in order to design new therapeutic strategies based on the manipulation of NGF and its intracellular pathways.
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