51
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Lin S, Zhao Y, Xia T, Meng H, Zhaoxia J, Liu R, George S, Xiong S, Wang X, Zhang H, Pokhrel S, Mädler L, Damoiseaux R, Lin S, Nel AE. High content screening in zebrafish speeds up hazard ranking of transition metal oxide nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2011; 5:7284-95. [PMID: 21851096 PMCID: PMC4136441 DOI: 10.1021/nn202116p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish is an aquatic organism that can be used for high content safety screening of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). We demonstrate, for the first time, the use of high content bright-field and fluorescence-based imaging to compare the toxicological effect of transition metal oxide (CuO, ZnO, NiO, and Co(3)O(4)) nanoparticles in zebrafish embryos and larvae. High content bright-field imaging demonstrated potent and dose-dependent hatching interference in the embryos, with the exception of Co(3)O(4) which was relatively inert. We propose that the hatching interference was due to the shedding of Cu and Ni ions, compromising the activity of the hatching enzyme, ZHE1, similar to what we previously proposed for Zn(2+). This hypothesis is based on the presence of metal-sensitive histidines in the catalytic center of this enzyme. Co-introduction of a metal ion chelator, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), reversed the hatching interference of Cu, Zn, and Ni. While neither the embryos nor larvae demonstrated morphological abnormalities, high content fluorescence-based imaging demonstrated that CuO, ZnO, and NiO could induce increased expression of the heat shock protein 70:enhanced green fluorescence protein (hsp70:eGFP) in transgenic zebrafish larvae. Induction of this response by CuO required a higher nanoparticle dose than the amount leading to hatching interference. This response was also DTPA-sensitive. We demonstrate that high content imaging of embryo development, morphological abnormalities, and HSP70 expression can be used for hazard ranking and determining the dose-response relationships leading to ENM effects on the development of the zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Lin
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for NanoBiology and Predictive Toxicology, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for NanoBiology and Predictive Toxicology, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Huan Meng
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ji Zhaoxia
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Rong Liu
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Saji George
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sijing Xiong
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- IWT Foundation Institute of Materials Science, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Lutz Mädler
- IWT Foundation Institute of Materials Science, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Molecular Shared Screening Resource, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shuo Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for NanoBiology and Predictive Toxicology, University of Bremen, Germany
- Corresponding Author: Andre Nel, M.D., Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 52-175 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1680. Tel: (310) 825-6620, Fax: (310) 206-8107,
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52
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The use of the zebrafish model in stress research. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1432-51. [PMID: 20971150 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The study of the causes and mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders requires the use of non-human models for the test of scientific hypotheses as well as for use in pre-clinical drug screening and discovery. This review argues in favor of the use of zebrafish as a novel animal model to study the impact of early (stressful) experiences on the development of differential stress phenotypes in later life. This phenomenon is evolutionary conserved among several vertebrate species and has relevance to the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Why do we need novel animal models? Although significant progress has been achieved with the use of traditional mammalian models, there are major pitfalls associated with their use that impedes progress on two major fronts: 1) uncovering of the molecular mechanisms underlying aspects of compromised (stress-exposed) brain development relevant to the etiology of psychiatric disorders, and 2) ability to develop high-throughput technology for drug discovery in the field of psychiatry. The zebrafish model helps resolve these issues. Here we present a conceptual framework for the use of zebrafish in stress research and psychiatry by addressing three specific domains of application: 1) stress research, 2) human disease mechanisms, and 3) drug discovery. We also present novel methodologies associated with the development of the zebrafish stress model and discuss how such methodologies can contribute to remove the main bottleneck in the field of drug discovery.
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53
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Li G, Chen J, Xie P, Jiang Y, Wu L, Zhang X. Protein expression profiling in the zebrafish (Danio rerio
) embryos exposed to the microcystin-LR. Proteomics 2011; 11:2003-18. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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54
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Challenges and perspectives of chemical biology, a successful multidisciplinary field of natural sciences. Molecules 2011; 16:2672-87. [PMID: 21441869 PMCID: PMC6259834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16032672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objects, goals, and main methods as well as perspectives of chemical biology are discussed. This review is focused on the fundamental aspects of this emerging field of life sciences: chemical space, the small molecule library and chemical sensibilization (small molecule microassays).
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55
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Champagne DL, Hoefnagels CC, de Kloet RE, Richardson MK. Translating rodent behavioral repertoire to zebrafish (Danio rerio): Relevance for stress research. Behav Brain Res 2010; 214:332-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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56
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Gómez-Requeni P, Conceição LEC, Olderbakk Jordal AE, Rønnestad I. A reference growth curve for nutritional experiments in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and changes in whole body proteome during development. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:1199-1215. [PMID: 20432063 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish is one of the most used vertebrate model organisms in molecular and developmental biology, recently gaining popularity also in medical research. However, very little work has been done to assess zebrafish as a model species in nutritional studies in aquaculture in order to utilize the methodological toolbox that this species represents. As a starting point to acquire some baseline data for further nutritional studies, growth of a population of zebrafish was followed for 15 weeks. Furthermore, whole body proteome was screened during development by means of bi-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Fish were reared under best practice laboratory conditions from hatching until 103 days post-fertilization (dpf) and regularly fed ad libitum with Artemia nauplii from 12 dpf. A growth burst occurred within 9-51 dpf, reaching a plateau after 65 dpf. Fork length and body weight were significantly lower in males than in females from 58 dpf onwards. Proteomics analysis showed 28 spot proteins differently expressed through development and according to sex. Of these proteins, 20 were successfully identified revealing proteins involved in energy production, muscle development, eye lens differentiation, and sexual maturation. In summary, zebrafish exhibited a rapid growth until approximately 50 dpf, when most individuals started to allocate part of the dietary energy intake for sexual maturation. However, proteomic analysis revealed that some individuals reached sexual maturity earlier and already from 30 dpf onwards. Thus, in order to design nutritional studies with zebrafish fed Artemia nauplii, it is recommended to select a period between 20 and 40 dpf, when fish allocate most of the ingested energy for non-reproductive growth purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gómez-Requeni
- Department of Biology, High Technology Center, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
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57
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Wang HM, Chen CY, Wen ZH. Identifying melanogenesis inhibitors from Cinnamomum subavenium with in vitro and in vivo screening systems by targeting the human tyrosinase. Exp Dermatol 2010; 20:242-8. [PMID: 21054558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is known to be the first two and rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of melanin pigments responsible for colouring skin, hair and eyes. Tyrosinase inhibition is one major strategy used to treat hyperpigmentation. In human skin melanocytes, the cellular tyrosinase inhibition was examined by the conversion of l-tyrosine and oxidation of l-DOPA to dopaquinone. We evaluated the skin pigmentation inhibitor effects with both in vitro and in vivo systems to find skin-whitening agents without cytotoxic concerns. First, linderanolide B and subamolide A were isolated from the stems of Cinnamomum subavenium and exhibited mushroom tyrosinase inhibition. Then, these two herbal compounds were proved to have good pigmentation inhibitory abilities at low doses and demonstrated free cytotoxicities to normal human skin cells and zebrafish system. With molecular docking, in a virtual model of human tyrosinase, linderanolide B and subamolide A displayed meta(l) -coordinating interactions with Cu(2+) ions. The results obtained from biological assays showed that linderanolide B and subamolide A possessed anti-tyrosinase properties, which exhibited potential for application in medical cosmetology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Wang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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58
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Abramsson A, Westman-Brinkmalm A, Pannee J, Gustavsson M, von Otter M, Blennow K, Brinkmalm G, Kettunen P, Zetterberg H. Proteomics profiling of single organs from individual adult zebrafish. Zebrafish 2010; 7:161-8. [PMID: 20392139 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2009.0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio) is extensively utilized in studies of developmental biology but is also being investigated in the context of a growing list of human age-related diseases. To facilitate such studies, we here present protein expression patterns of adult zebrafish organs, including blood, brain, fin, heart, intestine, liver, and skeletal muscle. Protein extracts were prepared from the different organs of two zebrafish and analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Zebrafish tissue was digested directly after minimal fractionation and cleaned up (the shotgun approach). Proteins were identified using Mascot software. In total, 1394 proteins were identified of which 644 were nonredundant. Of these, 373 demonstrated an organ-specific expression pattern and 57 had not been shown on protein level before. These data emphasize the need for increased research at the protein level to facilitate the selection of candidate proteins for targeted quantification and to refine systematic genetic network analysis in vertebrate development, biology, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Abramsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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59
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Goodman JI, Augustine KA, Cunnningham ML, Dixon D, Dragan YP, Falls JG, Rasoulpour RJ, Sills RC, Storer RD, Wolf DC, Pettit SD. What do we need to know prior to thinking about incorporating an epigenetic evaluation into safety assessments? Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:375-81. [PMID: 20430866 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Life Sciences Institute, Health and Environmental Sciences Institute sponsored a workshop entitled "State of the Science: Evaluating Epigenetic Changes," hosted by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 28-30 October 2009. The goal was to evaluate and enhance the scientific knowledge base regarding epigenetics and its role in disease, including potential relationships between epigenetic changes and transgenerational effects. A distinguishing aspect of the workshop was the highly interactive discussion session on the final morning. Meeting participants formed breakout groups (with representation from academia, industry, and government in each group) and were tasked with integrating their previous knowledge of epigenetics with what was learned during the workshop. The participants addressed the issue of what needs to be known prior to thinking about incorporating an epigenetic evaluation into safety assessment. To this end, the breakout groups were asked to address the following questions: (1) What model systems might be employed to evaluate the ability of a chemical to produce an epigenetic change (affecting the F1 and/or F3 generation); (2) What end points/targets might be evaluated; (3) What techniques might be employed; and (4) Regulatory Perspective: When is it appropriate to incorporate "new" science, in this case epigenetics, into the regulatory process? What does one need to know, what are the pitfalls and how might these be overcome/avoided? The basis of this paper is a synopsis of these discussions. The workshop highlighted the fact that the field of epigenetics is evolving at a very rapid pace and indicated that a great deal needs to be learned prior to being able to rationally incorporate an epigenetic evaluation into safety assessment. The value of the workshop is that it called attention to key data/knowledge gaps that should serve to focus attention on the areas where research and new thinking are needed to better understand epigenetics and its relationship to safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay I Goodman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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60
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Ibarz A, Martín-Pérez M, Blasco J, Bellido D, de Oliveira E, Fernández-Borràs J. Gilthead sea bream liver proteome altered at low temperatures by oxidative stress. Proteomics 2010; 10:963-75. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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61
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Ha SK, Koketsu M, Lee M, Moon E, Kim SH, Yoon TJ, Kim SY. Inhibitory effects of 1,3-thiazine derivatives on melanogenesis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.12.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify a novel skin-depigmenting agent from synthetic 1,3-thiazine derivatives.
Methods
We investigated the inhibitory effects of six kinds of 1,3-thiazine derivative on melanogenesis by examining their effects on tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis in melan-a cells and the zebrafish model.
Key findings
Of the six compounds, 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine (TZ-6) had the strongest anti-melanogenic effects in cultured melan-a cells (30.4% inhibition at 100 μM). In addition, TZ-6 exhibited an inhibitory effect on mushroom and cellular tyrosinase. Based on the results of Western blotting, TZ-6 reduced the expression of tyrosinase at 100 mM. Additionally, TZ-6 reduced body pigmentation and inhibited tyrosinase activity in the zebrafish model.
Conclusions
The results have provided useful information for the development of a skin whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Keun Ha
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Mamoru Koketsu
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Minjae Lee
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eunjung Moon
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Skin Biotechnology Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- East-West Integrated Medical Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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62
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Forné I, Abián J, Cerdà J. Fish proteome analysis: Model organisms and non-sequenced species. Proteomics 2009; 10:858-72. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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63
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Lin Y, Chen Y, Yang X, Xu D, Liang S. Proteome analysis of a single zebrafish embryo using three different digestion strategies coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2009; 394:177-85. [PMID: 19643073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a powerful model to analyze vertebrate embryogenesis and organ development. Although a number of genes have been identified to specify embryonic development processes, only a few large-scale proteomic analyses have been reported in regard to these events to date. Here the total proteins of a single embryo were analyzed by urea-, sodium deoxycholate (SDC)-, and performic acid (PA)-assisted trypsin digestion strategies coupled to capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (CapLC-MS/MS) identification. In total, 509 and 210 proteins were detected from the embryos at 72 and 120 hours postfertilization (hpf), respectively, with a false identification rate of less than 1%. Approximately 95% of those proteins could be observed by combining the urea- and SDC-assisted digestion strategies, suggesting that these two methods are more effective than the PA-assisted method. Compared with 0.5% SDC, 1% SDC was more effective to identify proteins in zebrafish embryos. In addition, removal of the predominant yolk proteins could significantly improve protein identification efficiency. Our study represents the first overview of the protein expression profile of a single zebrafish embryo at 72 or 120 hpf. More important, this single individual proteome methodology could be applied to multiple development stages of wide-type or mutant embryos, providing a simple and powerful way to further our understanding of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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64
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Shi X, Yeung LWY, Lam PKS, Wu RSS, Zhou B. Protein Profiles in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos Exposed to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate. Toxicol Sci 2009; 110:334-40. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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65
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Evaluation of zebrafish embryos as a model for assessing inhibition of hERG. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2008; 57:100-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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66
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Gündel U, Benndorf D, von Bergen M, Altenburger R, Küster E. Vitellogenin cleavage products as indicators for toxic stress in zebra fish embryos: a proteomic approach. Proteomics 2008; 7:4541-54. [PMID: 18022936 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vitellogenins (Vtgs) are the major yolk proteins in all oviparous animals. Systematic and regulated processing of these during embryogenesis is crucial for embryonic development. In the present study, toxicant-induced disturbance of Vtg degradation processes during Danio rerio (DR) embryogenesis was analysed to establish a sensitive tool for monitoring toxic stress at the molecular level. A 2-DE-based proteomic approach for whole DR embryos was established to study Vtg cleavage products (lipovitellin (Lv) derivatives). Ethanol was chosen as a positive control for a toxicity related change in the proteome of whole zebra fish embryos. Protein extracts from embryos treated with two ethanol concentrations, 0.5 and 2% v/v, showing either no or very strong visible effects, like absent heartbeat and blood circulation, were examined. Significant changes in the Lv pattern were detected for both conditions. The results are interpreted as scope for the use of the high abundant Lv derivatives as sensitive stress indicators in zebra fish embryos reflecting the overall fitness of the intact organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Gündel
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
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67
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Miller MR, Atwood TS, Eames BF, Eberhart JK, Yan YL, Postlethwait JH, Johnson EA. RAD marker microarrays enable rapid mapping of zebrafish mutations. Genome Biol 2008; 8:R105. [PMID: 17553171 PMCID: PMC2394753 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2007-8-6-r105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A RAD marker microarray was constructed to facilitate rapid genetic mapping of zebrafish mutations and used to localize previously unmapped mutations to genomic regions just a few centiMorgans in length. We constructed a restriction site associated DNA (RAD) marker microarray to facilitate rapid genetic mapping of zebrafish mutations. Using these microarrays with a bulk segregant approach, we localized previously unmapped mutations to genomic regions just a few centiMorgans in length. Furthermore, we developed an approach to assay individual RAD markers in pooled populations and refined one region. The RAD approach is highly effective for genetic mapping in zebrafish and is an attractive option for mapping in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Miller
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 1370 Franklin Blvd., Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1370 Franklin Blvd., Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Tressa S Atwood
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 1370 Franklin Blvd., Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
- FloraGenex, Inc., 1370 Franklin Blvd., Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - B Frank Eames
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1370 Franklin Blvd., Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Johann K Eberhart
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1370 Franklin Blvd., Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Yi-Lin Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1370 Franklin Blvd., Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - John H Postlethwait
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1370 Franklin Blvd., Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Eric A Johnson
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 1370 Franklin Blvd., Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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68
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Recent papers on zebrafish and other aquarium fish models. Zebrafish 2008; 1:369-75. [PMID: 18248216 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2005.1.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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69
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Kim JH, Baek SH, Kim DH, Choi TY, Yoon TJ, Hwang JS, Kim MR, Kwon HJ, Lee CH. Downregulation of melanin synthesis by haginin A and its application to in vivo lightening model. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 128:1227-35. [PMID: 18037902 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Haginin A, an isoflav-3-ens isolated from the branch of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, is almost unknown. Here, we report that haginin A exhibits a strong hypopigmentary effect in Melan-a cells and significantly inhibits melanin synthesis. Haginin A shows potent inhibitory effects with an IC(50) (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) value of 5.0 microM on mushroom tyrosinase activity, and functioned as a noncompetitive inhibitor. Also, haginin A decreased microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) protein production. To identify the signaling pathway of haginin A, the ability of haginin A to influence extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) activation was investigated. Apparently, haginin A induced ERK and Akt/PKB in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the specific inhibition of the ERK and the Akt/PKB signaling pathways by PD98059 and LY294002, respectively, increased melanin synthesis. Furthermore, haginin A decreased UV-induced skin pigmentation in brown guinea-pigs. Also, haginin A presented remarkable inhibition on the body pigmentation in the zebrafish model system and decreased tyrosinase activity. Together, haginin A is an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation caused by UV irradiation or by pigmented skin disorders through downregulation via ERK and Akt/PKB activation, MITF, and also by the subsequent downregulation of tyrosinase and TRP-1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- 1Natural Medicines Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea
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Mathew LK, Sengupta S, Kawakami A, Andreasen EA, Löhr CV, Loynes CA, Renshaw SA, Peterson RT, Tanguay RL. Unraveling Tissue Regeneration Pathways Using Chemical Genetics. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:35202-10. [PMID: 17848559 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m706640200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the molecular pathways that are required for regeneration remains one of the great challenges of regenerative medicine. Although genetic mutations have been useful for identifying some molecular pathways, small molecule probes of regenerative pathways might offer some advantages, including the ability to disrupt pathway function with precise temporal control. However, a vertebrate regeneration model amenable to rapid throughput small molecule screening is not currently available. We report here the development of a zebrafish early life stage fin regeneration model and its use in screening for small molecules that modulate tissue regeneration. By screening 2000 biologically active small molecules, we identified 17 that specifically inhibited regeneration. These compounds include a cluster of glucocorticoids, and we demonstrate that transient activation of the glucocorticoid receptor is sufficient to block regeneration, but only if activation occurs during wound healing/blastema formation. In addition, knockdown of the glucocorticoid receptor restores regenerative capability to nonregenerative, glucocorticoid-exposed zebrafish. To test whether the classical anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids is responsible for blocking regeneration, we prevented acute inflammation following amputation by antisense repression of the Pu.1 gene. Although loss of Pu.1 prevents the inflammatory response, regeneration is not affected. Collectively, these results indicate that signaling from exogenous glucocorticoids impairs blastema formation and limits regenerative capacity through an acute inflammation-independent mechanism. These studies also demonstrate the feasibility of exploiting chemical genetics to define the pathways that govern vertebrate regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijoy K Mathew
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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71
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Lan CC, Laurenson S, Copp BR, Cattin PM, Love DR. Whole organism approaches to chemical genomics: the promising role of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:1389-401. [PMID: 23484534 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.10.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chemical genomics is a new and rapidly developing field. It refers to the use of cell-permeable small molecules, which are highly specific for their protein targets, in order to dissect biological pathways and to discover new drug leads. Small-molecule screening is usually limited to high-throughput approaches that use defined cell lines; however, whole organism screening is gaining increasing attention. This review addresses the latter concept and highlights the advances in whole organism-based screening, with an emphasis on the use of the zebrafish (Danio rerio).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ching Lan
- University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand +64 9 3737599 ; ext: 87228; +64 9 3737417 ;
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72
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Renier C, Faraco JH, Bourgin P, Motley T, Bonaventure P, Rosa F, Mignot E. Genomic and functional conservation of sedative-hypnotic targets in the zebrafish. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2007; 17:237-53. [PMID: 17496723 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e3280119d62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The zebrafish is an ideally suited vertebrate animal model for large-scale genetic screens and is emerging as a model organism in pharmacological and behavioral research. We investigated the effects of sedative hypnotics commonly used in humans on zebrafish locomotor activity and identified the corresponding genomic and receptor binding targets. METHODS We studied radioreceptor binding and behavioral responses to compounds with known sedative hypnotic properties representing multiple pharmacological classes. These included GABAergic hypnotics such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and baclofen; alpha-2 adrenergic agonists; and histaminergic H1 antagonists. An automated system was used to quantify behavioral effects. Zebrafish homologs of histamine receptor H1, gamma-amino-n-butyric acid type A (alpha-subunit), and gamma-amino-n-butyric acid type B (1 and 2) receptor genes were identified through translating queries of the zebrafish Zv4 database with human receptor protein sequences. A pilot screen of 154 N-ethyl-N-nitroso-urea-mutagenized F2 families was conducted with pentobarbital, flurazepam and mepyramine. RESULTS Radioreceptor binding studies revealed high affinity binding sites for known gamma-amino-n-butyric acid type A, gamma-amino-n-butyric acid type B, and histaminergic ligands. Drug immersion of 5-7-day-old larvae reduced mobility and, in some cases, produced a complete state of unresponsive immobility similar to anesthesia. These effects were dose-dependent and rapidly reversible in water. As established in mammals, (R)-baclofen was more active behaviorally and had higher affinity in binding studies when compared with (S)-baclofen. In this model, (S)-baclofen only partially reduced activity at high dose and blocked (R)-baclofen behavioral hypnotic effects. Genomic sequences with high similarity to the corresponding pharmacological targets were identified, but no mutants were found in the pilot screen. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate conservation of gene, protein and function for many established sedative hypnotic pathways. The results indicate feasibility of conducting large-scale pharmacogenomic screens to isolate novel proteins modulating susceptibility to hypnotic compounds in a vertebrate system.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Baclofen/chemistry
- Baclofen/pharmacology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Conserved Sequence
- Humans
- Hypnotics and Sedatives/chemistry
- Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology
- Larva/drug effects
- Larva/metabolism
- Larva/physiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Motor Activity/genetics
- Pharmacogenetics
- Phylogeny
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Receptors, GABA-B/drug effects
- Receptors, GABA-B/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-B/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H1/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H1/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Zebrafish/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Renier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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73
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Choi TY, Kim JH, Ko DH, Kim CH, Hwang JS, Ahn S, Kim SY, Kim CD, Lee JH, Yoon TJ. Zebrafish as a new model for phenotype-based screening of melanogenic regulatory compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 20:120-7. [PMID: 17371438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2007.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although many hypo-pigmenting agents are currently available, the demand for novel whitening agents is increasing, in part due to the weak effectiveness and unwanted side effects of currently available compounds. To screen for novel hypo-pigmenting agents, many methodologies such as cell culture and enzymatic assays are routinely used. However, these models have disadvantages in terms of physiological and economic relevance. In this study, we validated zebrafish as a whole-animal model for phenotype-based screening of melanogenic inhibitors or stimulators. We used both the well-known melanogenic inhibitors (1-phenyl-2-thiourea, arbutin, kojic acid, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole) and newly developed small molecule compounds (haginin, YT16i). All the tested compounds produced inhibitory effects on the pigmentation of zebrafish, most likely due to their inhibitory potential on tyrosinase activity. In simultaneous in vivo toxicity tests, a newly developed melanogenic inhibitor YT16i showed massive abnormalities in terms of deformed morphologies and cardiac function. Together, these results provide a rationale in screening and evaluating the putative melanogenic regulatory compounds. We suggest that the zebrafish system is a novel alternative to mammalian models, with several advantages including the rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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74
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Tay TL, Lin Q, Seow TK, Tan KH, Hew CL, Gong Z. Proteomic analysis of protein profiles during early development of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Proteomics 2006; 6:3176-88. [PMID: 16622891 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, profiles of protein expression were examined during early development of zebrafish, an increasingly popular experimental model in vertebrate development and human diseases. By 2-DE, an initial increase in protein spots from 6 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 8-10 hpf was observed. There was no dramatic change in protein profiles up to 18 hpf, but significant changes occurred in subsequent stages. Interestingly, 49% of the proteins detected at 6 hpf remained detectable by 1 week of age. To map the protein expression patterns in 2-D gels, MALDI-TOF/TOF MS was employed to identify selected protein spots from early embryos. 108 protein spots were found to match known proteins and they were derived from 55 distinct genes. Interestingly, 11 (20%) of them produced multiple protein isoforms or distinct cleavage products. Although deyolked embryos were used in the analysis, a large number of vitellogenin derivatives remained prominently present in the embryos. Other than these, most of the identified proteins are cytosolic, cytoskeletal and nuclear proteins, which are involved in diversified functions such as metabolism, cytoskeleton, translation, protein degradation, etc. Some of the proteins with interesting temporal expression profiles during development are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Leng Tay
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
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75
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Wardle FC, Odom DT, Bell GW, Yuan B, Danford TW, Wiellette EL, Herbolsheimer E, Sive HL, Young RA, Smith JC. Zebrafish promoter microarrays identify actively transcribed embryonic genes. Genome Biol 2006; 7:R71. [PMID: 16889661 PMCID: PMC1779600 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2006-7-8-r71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 04/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and verification of a genomic microarray for ChIP-chip analysis of zebrafish genes is described. We have designed a zebrafish genomic microarray to identify DNA-protein interactions in the proximal promoter regions of over 11,000 zebrafish genes. Using these microarrays, together with chromatin immunoprecipitation with an antibody directed against tri-methylated lysine 4 of Histone H3, we demonstrate the feasibility of this method in zebrafish. This approach will allow investigators to determine the genomic binding locations of DNA interacting proteins during development and expedite the assembly of the genetic networks that regulate embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Wardle
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Duncan T Odom
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - George W Bell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bingbing Yuan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Timothy W Danford
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Wiellette
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth Herbolsheimer
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hazel L Sive
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - James C Smith
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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76
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Abstract
Transplantable zebrafish tumors are a novel and very promising model in cancer research. However, further progress in this field has been contained by a lack of true inbred lines in zebrafish. To overcome this problem, we generated two lines of homozygous diploid clonal zebrafish lines (i.e., CB1 and CW1), which allowed us to carry out transplantation of any tissue, including tumors, from one fish to another within a line without rejection of the graft. The primary tumors in CB1 fish were induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN). The histologic analysis of these tumors revealed different types of hepatocellular carcinomas, hepatoblastomas, hepatoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma. Four spontaneous acinar cell carcinomas of pancreas were also found in 10- to 18-month-old CB1 fish. Small pieces of tissue or cell suspensions of either DEN-induced or spontaneous tumors were serially transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of syngeneic fish at different stages of development from 5-day-old larvae to adult fish. The development of grossly visible tumors occurred from 2 weeks to 3 months after tumor grafting and grew either as solitary smooth nodules or as an amorphous jelly-like mass infiltrating abdominal organs. The majority of tumors were also successfully transplanted to isogeneic (F1 generation from crossing CB1 x CW1) fish. At the present time, 19 transplantable zebrafish tumor lines have been generated and maintained for as long as 3 to 25 passages. This model provides a novel tool for studying experimental tumor biology and therapy and will become a cost effective system for high throughput screening of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Mizgireuv
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
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77
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Link V, Shevchenko A, Heisenberg CP. Proteomics of early zebrafish embryos. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2006; 6:1. [PMID: 16412219 PMCID: PMC1363346 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2005] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zebrafish (D. rerio) has become a powerful and widely used model system for the analysis of vertebrate embryogenesis and organ development. While genetic methods are readily available in zebrafish, protocols for two dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and proteomics have yet to be developed. RESULTS As a prerequisite to carry out proteomic experiments with early zebrafish embryos, we developed a method to efficiently remove the yolk from large batches of embryos. This method enabled high resolution 2D gel electrophoresis and improved Western blotting considerably. Here, we provide detailed protocols for proteomics in zebrafish from sample preparation to mass spectrometry (MS), including a comparison of databases for MS identification of zebrafish proteins. CONCLUSION The provided protocols for proteomic analysis of early embryos enable research to be taken in novel directions in embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinzenz Link
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauer Str. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauer Str. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carl-Philipp Heisenberg
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauer Str. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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78
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Aleström P, Holter JL, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R. Zebrafish in functional genomics and aquatic biomedicine. Trends Biotechnol 2006; 24:15-21. [PMID: 16309768 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has many features that make it an ideal model for the study of developmental biology. It is small and easy to contain, it has transparent embryos, it is easy to breed and its early development is well characterized; these same characteristics have also made it an ideal vertebrate model in the areas of biomedicine and biotechnology. In aquaculture, the need for a well-characterized fish model has been satisfied by the zebrafish owing to the availability of functional genomics and molecular biology data to facilitate studies of growth, reproduction, meat quality and disease biology, with the corresponding development of vaccines and therapies. Zebrafish are also increasingly used in toxicogenomics to analyze the effects of toxins and pollutants in the environment, and for creating biomonitors that emit alarm signals when a toxic compound is detected. As detailed in this review, the zebrafish is a versatile and well-characterized model with applications in many fields of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Aleström
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, PO Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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