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Indications for an alternative effective treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with temsirolimus plus bevacizumab. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:874-82. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283538c3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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52
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Kim DW, Hwang HS, Kim DS, Sheen SH, Heo DH, Hwang G, Kang SH, Kweon H, Jo YY, Kang SW, Lee KG, Park KW, Han KH, Park J, Eum WS, Cho YJ, Choi HC, Choi SY. Effect of silk fibroin peptide derived from silkworm Bombyx mori on the anti-inflammatory effect of Tat-SOD in a mice edema model. BMB Rep 2012; 44:787-92. [PMID: 22189681 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2011.44.12.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether silk fibroin peptide derived from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, could inhibit inflammation and enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of Tat-superoxide dismutase (Tat-SOD), which was previously reported to effectively penetrate various cells and tissues and exert anti-oxidative activity in a mouse model of inflammation. Inflammation was induced by topical treatment of mouse ears with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Histological, Western blot, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction data demonstrated that silk fibroin peptide or Tat-SOD alone could suppress elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced by TPA. Moreover, silk fibroin peptide significantly enhanced the anti-inflammatory activity of Tat-SOD, although it had no influence on in vitro and in vivo transduction of Tat-SOD. Silk fibroin peptide exhibited anti- inflammatory activity in a mice model of inflammation. Therefore, silk fibroin peptide alone or in combination with Tat-SOD might be used as a therapeutic agent for various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Korea
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53
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Machon C, Thezenas S, Dupuy AM, Assenat E, Michel F, Mas E, Senesse P, Cristol JP. Immunonutrition before and during radiochemotherapy: improvement of inflammatory parameters in head and neck cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2012; 20:3129-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-012-1444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ota I, Okamoto N, Yane K, Takahashi A, Masui T, Hosoi H, Ohnishi T. Therapeutic strategies for head and neck cancer based on p53 status. Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:585-591. [PMID: 22969933 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) are one of the most common types of cancers worldwide, and despite advances in treatment, they still represent a clinical challenge. Inactivation of one or more components in the p53 signaling pathway is an extremely common event in human neoplasia, including HNSCC. The loss of p53 function is responsible for increased aggressiveness in cancers, while tumor chemoresistance and radioresistance can depend on deleted p53 expression, or on the expression of mutated-p53 proteins. Thus, consideration and manipulation of the p53 status during HNSCC cancer therapy should be considered. This review discusses the p53 signaling pathways activated by various cellular stresses, including exposure to cancer therapies. The recognition of the p53 status in cancer cells is a significant factor and could provide valuable assistance during the selection of an effective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Ota
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522
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55
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Ye Y, Dang D, Zhang J, Viet CT, Lam DK, Dolan JC, Gibbs JL, Schmidt BL. Nerve growth factor links oral cancer progression, pain, and cachexia. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:1667-76. [PMID: 21750223 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancers often cause excruciating pain and rapid weight loss, severely reducing quality of life in cancer patients. Cancer-induced pain and cachexia are often studied and treated independently, although both symptoms are strongly linked with chronic inflammation and sustained production of proinflammatory cytokines. Because nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a cardinal role in inflammation and pain, and because it interacts with multiple proinflammatory cytokines, we hypothesized that NGF acts as a key endogenous molecule involved in the orchestration of cancer-related inflammation. NGF might be a molecule common to the mechanisms responsible for clinically distinctive cancer symptoms such as pain and cachexia as well as cancer progression. Here we reported that NGF was highly elevated in human oral squamous cell carcinoma tumors and cell cultures. Using two validated mouse cancer models, we further showed that NGF blockade decreased tumor proliferation, nociception, and weight loss by orchestrating proinflammatory cytokines and leptin production. NGF blockade also decreased expression levels of nociceptive receptors TRPV1, TRPA1, and PAR-2. Together, these results identified NGF as a common link among proliferation, pain, and cachexia in oral cancer. Anti-NGF could be an important mechanism-based therapy for oral cancer and its related symptoms.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Cachexia/etiology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Mouth Neoplasms/complications
- Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Nerve Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Pain/drug therapy
- Pain/etiology
- Pain Measurement/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, PAR-2/metabolism
- Staining and Labeling
- TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism
- Transient Receptor Potential Channels/metabolism
- Weight Loss/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ye
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, 421 First Avenue, 233W, New York, NY 10010, USA
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56
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Tripathi SC, Matta A, Kaur J, Grigull J, Chauhan SS, Thakar A, Shukla NK, Duggal R, Choudhary AR, DattaGupta S, Sharma MC, Ralhan R, Siu KWM. Overexpression of prothymosin alpha predicts poor disease outcome in head and neck cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19213. [PMID: 21573209 PMCID: PMC3088661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In our recent study, tissue proteomic analysis of oral pre-malignant lesions (OPLs) and normal oral mucosa led to the identification of a panel of biomarkers, including prothymosin alpha (PTMA), to distinguish OPLs from histologically normal oral tissues. This study aimed to determine the clinical significance of PTMA overexpression in oral squamous cell hyperplasia, dysplasia and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methodology Immunohistochemistry of PTMA protein was performed in HNSCCs (n = 100), squamous cell hyperplasia (n = 116), dysplasia (n = 50) and histologically normal oral tissues (n = 100). Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the association of PTMA overexpression with clinicopathological parameters and disease prognosis over 7 years for HNSCC patients. Results Our immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated significant overexpression of nuclear PTMA in squamous cell hyperplasia (63.8%), dysplasia (50%) and HNSCC (61%) in comparison with oral normal mucosa (ptrend<0.001). Chi-square analysis showed significant association of nuclear PTMA with advanced tumor stages (III+IV). Kaplan Meier survival analysis indicated reduced disease free survival (DFS) in HNSCC patients (p<0.001; median survival 11 months). Notably, Cox-multivariate analysis revealed nuclear PTMA as an independent predictor of poor prognosis of HNSCC patients (p<0.001, Hazard's ratio, HR = 5.2, 95% CI = 2.3–11.8) in comparison with the histological grade, T-stage, nodal status and tumor stage. Conclusions Nuclear PTMA may serve as prognostic marker in HNSCC to determine the subset of patients that are likely to show recurrence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Matta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jorg Grigull
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shyam Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Thakar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nootan Kumar Shukla
- Department of Surgery, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Duggal
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajoy Roy Choudhary
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranju Ralhan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases and Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (RR); (KWMS)
| | - K. W. Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (RR); (KWMS)
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57
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Wolff HA, Rolke D, Rave-Fränk M, Schirmer M, Eicheler W, Doerfler A, Hille A, Hess CF, Matthias C, Rödel RMW, Christiansen H. Analysis of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) cell lines. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2011; 50:145-154. [PMID: 21085979 PMCID: PMC3040826 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to analyze chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in untreated and in irradiated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) tumor cell lines, aiming at the establishment of assays to test for the relevance of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in the response of SCCHN to radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy. Five low passage and 10 established SCCHN lines, as well as two normal cell lines, were irradiated at 2 Gy or sham-irradiated, and harvested between 1 and 48 h after treatment. For chemokines with CC and CXC structural motifs and their receptors, transcript levels of target and reference genes were quantified relatively by real-time PCR. In addition, CXCL1 and CXCL12 protein expression was analyzed by ELISA. A substantial variation in chemokine and chemokine receptor expression between SCCHN was detected. Practically, all cell lines expressed CCL5 and CCL20, while CCL2 was expressed in normal cells and in some of the tumor cell lines. CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were expressed in the vast majority of the cell lines, while the expression of CXCL9 and CXCL12 was restricted to fibroblasts and few tumor cell lines. None of the analyzed cell lines expressed the chemokines CCL3, CCL4, or CCL19. Of the receptors, transcript expression of CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CCR7, CCXR2, and CCXR3 was not detected, and CCR6, CXCR1, and CXCR4 expression was restricted to few tumor cells. Radiation caused up- and down-regulation with respect to chemokine expressions, while for chemokine receptor expressions down-regulations were prevailing. CXCL1 and CXCL12 protein expression corresponded well with the mRNA expression. We conclude that the substantial variation in chemokine and chemokine receptor expression between SCCHN offer opportunities for the establishment of assays to test for the relevance of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in the response of SCCHN to radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokines/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/radiation effects
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Humans
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik A. Wolff
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Rolke
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Margret Rave-Fränk
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Schirmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eicheler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, OncoRay-Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annegret Doerfler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, OncoRay-Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Hille
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Clemens F. Hess
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Matthias
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralph M. W. Rödel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans Christiansen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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58
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Oral health and pathology: a macrophage account. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 50:2-7. [PMID: 21310515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are present in healthy oral mucosa and their numbers increase dramatically during disease. They can exhibit a diverse range of phenotypes characterised as a functional spectrum from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory (regulatory) subsets. This review illustrates the role of these subsets in the oral inflammatory disease lichen planus, and the immunosuppressive disease oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We conclude that the role of macrophages in driving progression in oral disease identifies them as potential therapeutic targets for a range of oral pathologies.
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59
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Neurocognitive function in head and neck cancer patients prior to treatment. Support Care Cancer 2011; 20:149-57. [PMID: 21229270 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-010-1081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neurocognitive impairment is a common and clinically important problem in patients with cancer, but few studies have been conducted in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Our aims were to (1) determine the prevalence of baseline neurocognitive impairment in patients with newly diagnosed HNC, (2) examine the relationships between neurocognitive performance and self-reported neurocognitive function, and (3) explore relationships between neurocognitive function and sociodemographic, clinical, symptom distress, and mood variables. METHODS Seventy patients underwent testing with a brief neuropsychological test battery and completed self-report measures before starting treatment. RESULTS Forty-seven percent of HNC patients in the current cohort exhibited global neurocognitive impairment on neuropsychological testing prior to starting induction chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation. Impairment was more common in the following neurocognitive domains: verbal learning (36%), executive function (32%), verbal memory (30%), and processing speed (27%). Neurocognitive performance was not associated with self-reported neurocognitive function. Few significant associations were noted between neurocognitive performance and other physical or psychological symptoms; however, moderately strong associations were found between self-reported neurocognitive function and these symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Neurocognitive impairment is common in patients with newly diagnosed HNC before starting treatment. The impact of pretreatment neurocognitive impairment on treatment tolerance, treatment outcomes, and caregiving needs are important areas for future research. Mechanisms of pretreatment neurocognitive impairment also need to be explored.
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60
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Shirai K, Kaneshiro T, Wada M, Furuya H, Bielawski J, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Ogretmen B, Kawamori T. A role of sphingosine kinase 1 in head and neck carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:454-62. [PMID: 21209394 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is important to identify novel and effective targets for cancer prevention and therapy against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), one of the most lethal cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that the bioactive sphingolipids, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its generating enzyme, sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) play pivotal roles in several important biological functions including promoting tumor growth and carcinogenesis. However, roles of SphK1/S1P in HNSCC development and/or progression have not been defined previously. Therefore, in this study, we first analyzed the expression of SphK1 in human HNSCC tumor samples and normal head & neck tissues (n = 78 and 17, respectively) using immunohistochemistry. The data showed that SphK1 is overexpressed in all of the HNSCC tumors tested (stages I-IV). We next investigated whether SphK1 is necessary for HNSCC development. To define the role of SphK1/S1P in HNSCC development, we utilized 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO)-induced HNSCC model in wild-type mice compared with SphK1(-/-) knockout (KO) mice. Remarkably, we found that the genetic loss of SphK1, which reduced S1P generation, significantly prevented 4-NQO-induced HNSCC carcinogenesis, with decreased tumor incidence, multiplicity, and volume when compared with controls. Moreover, our data indicated that prevention of 4-NQO-induced HNSCC development in SphK1(-/-) KO mice might be associated with decreased cell proliferation, increased levels of cleaved (active) caspase 3, and downregulation of phospho (active) AKT expression. Thus, these novel data suggest that SphK1/S1P signaling may play important roles in HNSCC carcinogenesis, and that targeting SphK1/S1P might provide a novel strategy for chemoprevention and treatment against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shirai
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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61
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Salvianolic Acid B, a potential chemopreventive agent, for head and neck squamous cell cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2011:534548. [PMID: 21209716 PMCID: PMC3010684 DOI: 10.1155/2011/534548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is one of the top ten cancers in the United States. The survival rate of HNSCC has only marginally improved over the last two decades. In addition, African-American men bear a disproportionate burden of this preventable disease. Therefore, a critical challenge of preventive health approaches is warranted. Salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, which is a well-know Chinese medicines has been safely used to treat and prevent aging diseases for thousand of years. Recently, the anticancer properties of Sal-B have received more attention. Sal-B significantly inhibits or delays the growth of HNSCC in both cultured HNSCC cells and HNSCC xenograft animal models. The following anticancer mechanisms have been proposed: the inhibition of COX-2/PGE-2 pathway, the promotion of apoptosis, and the modulation of angiogenesis. In conclusion, Sal-B is a potential HNSCC chemopreventive agent working through antioxidation and anti-inflammation mechanisms.
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62
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Mburu YK, Abe K, Ferris LK, Sarkar SN, Ferris RL. Human β-defensin 3 promotes NF-κB-mediated CCR7 expression and anti-apoptotic signals in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Carcinogenesis 2010; 32:168-74. [PMID: 21071608 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of aerodigestive cancers contains tumor-promoting inflammatory signals often involved in innate immunity. The epithelial malignancy, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), is characterized by secretion of inflammatory mediators that can promote tumorigenesis and lymph node metastasis. Human β-defensin (hBD) 3 is one such antimicrobial mediator of innate immunity produced by squamous epithelial cells in response to tissue damage and inflammation. Here, we hypothesized that the observed overexpression of hBD3 in SCCHN may have a tumor-promoting effect or contribute to nodal metastasis, which has previously been linked to chemokine receptor (CCR) 7 overexpression. Indeed, treatment of non-metastatic SCCHN cells with hBD3 induced surface CCR7 expression and migration toward its ligand, CCL19. The hBD3-induced CCR7 upregulation in SCCHN cells was significantly reduced by inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, an inflammatory transcription factor known to influence CCR7 expression. Moreover, hBD3 stimulation provided anti-apoptotic signals to SCCHN cells, as evidenced by tumor resistance to cisplatin-induced cell death, which was regulated by phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt activation. Interestingly, the observed hBD3-mediated effects were not dependent on G-protein coupled receptors or toll-like receptors, as has been previously published, but hBD3 was internalized through endocytosis, allowing intracellular signal transduction. Our findings suggest that hBD3 represents a novel NF-κB-regulated mediator of CCR7 expression and anti-apoptotic pathways, which may be exploited by developing SCCHN tumors to enhance their survival and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne K Mburu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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63
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Wan SG, Taccioli C, Jiang Y, Chen H, Smalley KJ, Huang K, Liu XP, Farber JL, Croce CM, Fong LYY. Zinc deficiency activates S100A8 inflammation in the absence of COX-2 and promotes murine oral-esophageal tumor progression. Int J Cancer 2010; 129:331-45. [PMID: 20857495 PMCID: PMC3015018 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn)-deficiency (ZD) is implicated in the pathogenesis of human oral-esophageal cancers. Previously, we showed that in ZD mice genetic deletion of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) enhances N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced forestomach carcinogenesis. By contrast, Cox-2 deletion offers protection in Zn-sufficient (ZS) mice. We hypothesize that ZD activates pathways insensitive to COX-2 inhibition, thereby promoting carcinogenesis. This hypothesis is tested in a Cox-2−/− mouse tongue cancer model that mimics pharmacologic blockade of COX-2 by firstly examining transcriptome profiles of forestomach mucosa from Cox-2−/− and wild-type mice on a ZD vs. ZS diet, and secondly investigating the roles of identified markers in mouse forestomach/tongue preneoplasia and carcinomas. In Cox-2−/− mice exposed to the tongue carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, dietary ZD elicited tongue/esophagus/forestomach carcinomas that were prevented by ZS. The precancerous ZD:Cox-2−/−vs. ZS:Cox-2−/− forestomach had an inflammatory signature with upregulation of the proinflammation genes S100a8 and S100a9. Bioinformatics analysis revealed overrepresentation of inflammation processes comprising S100a8/a9 and an nuclear factor (NF)-κB network with connectivity to S100A8. Immunohistochemistry revealed co-overexpression of S100A8, its heterodimeric partner S100A9, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), NF-κB p65, and cyclin D1, in ZD:Cox-2−/− forestomach/tongue preneoplasia and carcinomas, evidence for the activation of a RAGE-S100A8/A9 inflammatory pathway. Accumulation of p53 in these carcinomas indicated activation of additional inflammatory pathways. Zn-replenishment in ZD:Cox-2−/−mice reversed the inflammation and inhibited carcinogenesis. Thus, ZD activates alternative inflammation-associated cancer pathways that fuel tumor progression and bypass the antitumor effect of Cox-2 ablation. These findings have important clinical implications, as combination cancer therapy that includes Zn may improve efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Gui Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Rennemo E, Zätterström U, Boysen M. Outcome of local failures after oral cancer - recurrence vs. second primary. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:657-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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65
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Zhao Y, Hao Y, Ji H, Fang Y, Guo Y, Sha W, Zhou Y, Pang X, Southerland WM, Califano JA, Gu X. Combination effects of salvianolic acid B with low-dose celecoxib on inhibition of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:787-96. [PMID: 20501859 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) development is closely associated with inflammation. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important mediator of inflammation. Therefore, celecoxib, a selective inhibitor of COX-2, was hailed as a promising chemopreventive agent for HNSCC. Dose-dependent cardiac toxicity limits long-term use of celecoxib, but it seems likely that this may be diminished by lowering its dose. We found that salvianolic acid B (Sal-B), isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, can effectively suppress COX-2 expression and induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines. In this study, we report that combination of Sal-B with low-dose celecoxib results in a more pronounced anticancer effect in HNSCC than either agent alone. The combination effects were assessed in four HNSCC cell lines (JHU-06, JHU-011, JHU-013, and JHU-022) by evaluating cell viability, proliferation, and tumor xenograft growth. Cell viability and proliferation were significantly inhibited by both the combined and single-agent treatments. However, the combination treatment significantly enhanced anticancer efficacy in JHU-013 and JHU-022 cell lines compared with the single treatment regimens. A half-dose of daily Sal-B (40 mg/kg/d) and celecoxib (2.5 mg/kg/d) significantly inhibited JHU-013 xenograft growth relative to mice treated with a full dose of Sal-B or celecoxib alone. The combination was associated with profound inhibition of COX-2 and enhanced induction of apoptosis. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that combination of Sal-B, a multifunctional anticancer agent, with low-dose celecoxib holds potential as a new preventive strategy in targeting inflammatory-associated tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Service, Howard University College of Dentistry, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Resident and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:336-42. [PMID: 20219413 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a major healthcare problem worldwide affecting more than half a million patients each year. Despite considerable advances in the treatment of HNSCC, a high rate of recurrences aggravates the clinical situation and disease outcomes have only modestly improved. Recent insights show that cancer is not only a disease of the transformed epithelium but is also influenced and dependent on its stromal environment. In this review we suggest that resident and bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are precursors of the stroma associated with HNSCC and contribute to blood- and lymph angiogenesis, modulate the immune system and produce tumor-associated myofibroblasts. In addition, the impact of radiation therapy on the stromal reaction in HNSCC is discussed. Understanding the mechanisms of how MSCs promote invasive growth and metastasis in HNSCC and respond to cancer management strategies is of profound medical importance and will help us to design improved therapeutic protocols.
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Abstract
Head and neck cancer arises from a series of molecular alterations progressive from dysplasia to carcinoma in situ, and finally invasive carcinoma. Risk factors associated with head and neck cancer include tobacco, alcohol and viral infection. There are genetic alterations in pre-cancerous cells that contribute to transformation. The accumulation of these alterations facilitates tumor development. Additionally, the tumor microenvironment enables tumor progression. The cooperative effect of molecular alterations in the tumor cells and compensatory microenvironment changes enable tumors to invade and metastasize. This review focuses on the genes and molecules altered during the progression of head and neck cancer with an emphasis on the genetic, molecular and phenotypic changes during the pathogenesis of head and neck cancer. Therapeutic strategies that target key changes in the tumor cells and/or stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah D. Klein
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Eye and Ear Institute Building; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jennifer R. Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Eye and Ear Institute Building; Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Eye and Ear Institute Building; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Kross KW, Heimdal JH, Aarstad HJ. Mononuclear phagocytes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 267:335-44. [PMID: 19967383 PMCID: PMC2811252 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-009-1153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microenvironments contain many immune cells and their secretory products. Many of these cells belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system. The aim of this review is to study the interactions between mononuclear phagocytes and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissue. The role of inflammation in tumours and the cytokine interleukin-6 will be highlighted. Future therapy strategies in the treatment of head and neck cancer might be directed towards mononuclear phagocytes and their cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wilfried Kross
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PP Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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