51
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C-(β-d-Glucopyranosyl)formamidrazones, formic acid hydrazides and their transformations into 3-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazoles: a synthetic and computational study. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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52
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Synthesis of 2-(β-d-glucopyranosylamino)-5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles for inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase. Carbohydr Res 2013; 381:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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53
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Synthesis of 2-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-5-(substituted-amino)-1,3,4-oxa- and -thiadiazoles for the inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase. Carbohydr Res 2013; 381:187-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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54
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Bokor É, Szilágyi E, Docsa T, Gergely P, Somsák L. Synthesis of substituted 2-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-benzimidazoles and their evaluation as inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase. Carbohydr Res 2013; 381:179-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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55
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Lugiņina J, Rjabovs V, Belyakov S, Turks M. A concise synthesis of sugar isoxazole conjugates. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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56
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Polyák M, Varga G, Szilágyi B, Juhász L, Docsa T, Gergely P, Begum J, Hayes JM, Somsák L. Synthesis, enzyme kinetics and computational evaluation of N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl) oxadiazolecarboxamides as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5738-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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57
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Nagy L, Docsa T, Szántó M, Brunyánszki A, Hegedűs C, Márton J, Kónya B, Virág L, Somsák L, Gergely P, Bai P. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor N-(3,5-dimethyl-Benzoyl)-N'-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)urea improves glucose tolerance under normoglycemic and diabetic conditions and rearranges hepatic metabolism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69420. [PMID: 23936011 PMCID: PMC3723905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) catalyzes the breakdown of glycogen and largely contributes to hepatic glucose production making GP inhibition an attractive target to modulate glucose levels in diabetes. Hereby we present the metabolic effects of a novel, potent, glucose-based GP inhibitor (KB228) tested in vitro and in vivo under normoglycemic and diabetic conditions. KB228 administration enhanced glucose sensitivity in chow-fed and obese, diabetic mice that was a result of higher hepatic glucose uptake. Besides improved glucose sensitivity, we have observed further unexpected metabolic rearrangements. KB228 administration increased oxygen consumption that was probably due to the overexpression of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) that was observed in animal and cellular models. Furthermore, KB228 treatment induced mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) in mice. Our data demonstrate that glucose based GP inhibitors are capable of reducing glucose levels in mice under normo and hyperglycemic conditions. Moreover, these GP inhibitors induce accommodation in addition to GP inhibition - such as enhanced mitochondrial oxidation and mTORC2 signaling – to cope with the glucose influx and increased glycogen deposition in the cells, however the molecular mechanism of accommodation is unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Szántó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
- Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Brunyánszki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Márton
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bálint Kónya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
- Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
- Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
- Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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58
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Bokor É, Docsa T, Gergely P, Somsák L. C-Glucopyranosyl-1,2,4-triazoles As New Potent Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:612-5. [PMID: 24900719 DOI: 10.1021/ml4001529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors are considered as potential antidiabetic agents. 3-(β-d-Glucopyranosyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazoles were prepared by acylation of O-perbenzoylated N (1)-tosyl-C-β-d-glucopyranosyl formamidrazone and subsequent removal of the protecting groups. The best inhibitor was 3-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-5-(2-naphthyl)-1,2,4-triazole (K i = 0.41 μM against rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 20, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry,
Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry,
Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 20, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
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59
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Turks M, Rodins V, Rolava E, Ostrovskis P, Belyakov S. A practical access to glucose- and allose-based (5+5) 3-spiropseudonucleosides from a common intermediate. Carbohydr Res 2013; 375:5-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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60
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Gaboriaud-Kolar N, Skaltsounis AL. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors: a patent review (2008 - 2012). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:1017-32. [PMID: 23627914 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.794790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of glucose-1-phosphate, the source of energy for muscles and the rest of the body. The binding of different ligands in catalytic or allosteric sites assures activation and deactivation of the enzyme. A description of the regulation mechanism and the implications in glycogen metabolism are given. AREAS COVERED Deregulation of GP has been observed in diseases such as diabetes mellitus or cancers. Therefore, it appears as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of such pathologies. Numbers of inhibitors have been published in academic literature or patented in the last two decades. This review presents the main patent claims published between 2008 and 2012. EXPERT OPINION Good inhibitors with interesting IC50 and in vivo results are presented. However, such therapeutic strategy raises questions and some answers are proposed to bring new insights in the field.
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61
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Goyard D, Baron M, Skourti PV, Chajistamatiou AS, Docsa T, Gergely P, Chrysina ED, Praly JP, Vidal S. Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles from xylosyl and 5-thioxylosyl azides: evaluation of the xylose scaffold for the design of potential glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2012; 364:28-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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62
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C-Glucosylated malonitrile as a key intermediate towards carbohydrate-based glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5592-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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63
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Synthesis of heterocyclic N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)carboxamides for inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase. Carbohydr Res 2012; 351:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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64
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Manta S, Xipnitou A, Kiritsis C, Kantsadi AL, Hayes JM, Skamnaki VT, Lamprakis C, Kontou M, Zoumpoulakis P, Zographos SE, Leonidas DD, Komiotis D. 3′-Axial CH2OH Substitution on Glucopyranose does not Increase Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitory Potency. QM/MM-PBSA Calculations Suggest Why. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 79:663-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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65
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Nagy V, Felföldi N, Kónya B, Praly JP, Docsa T, Gergely P, Chrysina ED, Tiraidis C, Kosmopoulou MN, Alexacou KM, Konstantakaki M, Leonidas DD, Zographos SE, Oikonomakos NG, Kozmon S, Tvaroška I, Somsák L. N-(4-Substituted-benzoyl)-N′-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)ureas as inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase: Synthesis and evaluation by kinetic, crystallographic, and molecular modelling methods. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1801-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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66
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Kantsadi AL, Hayes JM, Manta S, Skamnaki VT, Kiritsis C, Psarra AMG, Koutsogiannis Z, Dimopoulou A, Theofanous S, Nikoleousakos N, Zoumpoulakis P, Kontou M, Papadopoulos G, Zographos SE, Komiotis D, Leonidas DD. The σ-Hole Phenomenon of Halogen Atoms Forms the Structural Basis of the Strong Inhibitory Potency of C5 Halogen Substituted Glucopyranosyl Nucleosides towards Glycogen Phosphorylase b. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:722-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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67
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Kun S, Nagy GZ, Tóth M, Czecze L, Van Nhien AN, Docsa T, Gergely P, Charavgi MD, Skourti PV, Chrysina ED, Patonay T, Somsák L. Synthesis of variously coupled conjugates of d-glucose, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, and 1,2,3-triazole for inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1427-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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