51
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Stromal regulation of the intestinal barrier. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:221-231. [PMID: 36708806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is a complex structure that allows the absorption of nutrients while ensuring protection against intestinal pathogens and balanced immunity. The development and maintenance of a functional intestinal barrier is a multifactorial process that is only partially understood. Here we review novel findings on the emerging role of mesenchymal cells in this process using insights gained from lineage tracing approaches, Cre-based gene deletion, and single-cell transcriptomics. The current evidence points toward a key organizer role for distinct mesenchymal lineages in intestinal development and homeostasis, regulating both epithelial and immune components of the intestinal barrier. We further discuss recent findings on functional mesenchymal heterogeneity and implications for intestinal regeneration and inflammatory intestinal pathologies.
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52
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Guevara-Garcia A, Soleilhac M, Minc N, Delacour D. Regulation and functions of cell division in the intestinal tissue. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023:S1084-9521(23)00004-6. [PMID: 36702722 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, epithelial cells are key elements of tissue organization. In developing epithelial tissues, cellular proliferation and differentiation are under the tight regulation of morphogenetic programs to ensure correct organ formation and functioning. In these processes, proliferation rates and division orientation regulate the speed, timing and direction of tissue expansion but also its proper patterning. Moreover, tissue homeostasis relies on spatio-temporal modulations of daughter cell behavior and arrangement. These aspects are particularly crucial in the intestine, which is one of the most proliferative tissues in adults, making it a very attractive adult organ system to study the role of cell division on epithelial morphogenesis and organ function. Although epithelial cell division has been the subject of intense research for many years in multiple models, it still remains in its infancy in the context of the intestinal tissue. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on cell division and regulatory mechanisms at play in the intestinal epithelial tissue, as well as their importance in developmental biology and physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matis Soleilhac
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France.
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53
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Otkur W, Liu X, Chen H, Li S, Ling T, Lin H, Yang R, Xia T, Qi H, Piao HL. GPR35 antagonist CID-2745687 attenuates anchorage-independent cell growth by inhibiting YAP/TAZ activity in colorectal cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1126119. [PMID: 37113762 PMCID: PMC10126512 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1126119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: GPR35, a member of the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, was recently implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether targeting GPR35 by antagonists can inhibit its pro-cancer role has yet to be answered. Experimental approach: We applied antagonist CID-2745687 (CID) in established GPR35 overexpressing and knock-down CRC cell lines to understand its anti-cell proliferation property and the underlying mechanism. Key results: Although GPR35 did not promote cell proliferation in 2D conditions, it promoted anchorage-independent growth in soft-agar, which was reduced by GPR35 knock-down and CID treatment. Furthermore, YAP/TAZ target genes were expressed relatively higher in GPR35 overexpressed cells and lower in GPR35 knock-down cells. YAP/TAZ activity is required for anchorage-independent growth of CRC cells. By detecting YAP/TAZ target genes, performing TEAD4 luciferase reporter assay, and examining YAP phosphorylation and TAZ protein expression level, we found YAP/TAZ activity is positively correlated to GPR35 expression level, which CID disrupted in GPR35 overexpressed cells, but not in GPR35 knock-down cells. Intriguingly, GPR35 agonists did not promote YAP/TAZ activity but ameliorated CID's inhibitory effect; GPR35-promoted YAP/TAZ activity was only partly attenuated by ROCK1/2 inhibitor. Conclusion and implications: GPR35 promoted YAP/TAZ activity partly through Rho-GTPase with its agonist-independent constitutive activity, and CID exhibited its inhibitory effect. GPR35 antagonists are promising anti-cancer agents that target hyperactivation and overexpression of YAP/TAZ in CRC.
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54
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Nagamatsu G. Oocyte aging in comparison to stem cells in mice. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1158510. [PMID: 37114094 PMCID: PMC10126682 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1158510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
To maintain homeostasis, many tissues contain stem cells that can self-renew and differentiate. Based on these functions, stem cells can reconstitute the tissue even after injury. In reproductive organs, testes have spermatogonial stem cells that generate sperm in men throughout their lifetime. However, in the ovary, oocytes enter meiosis at the embryonic stage and maintain sustainable oogenesis in the absence of stem cells. After birth, oocytes are maintained in a dormant state in the primordial follicle, which is the most premature follicle in the ovary, and some are activated to form mature oocytes. Thus, regulation of dormancy and activation of primordial follicles is critical for a sustainable ovulatory cycle and is directly related to the female reproductive cycle. However, oocyte storage is insufficient to maintain a lifelong ovulation cycle. Therefore, the ovary is one of the earliest organs to be involved in aging. Although stem cells are capable of proliferation, they typically exhibit slow cycling or dormancy. Therefore, there are some supposed similarities with oocytes in primordial follicles, not only in their steady state but also during aging. This review aims to summarise the sustainability of oogenesis and aging phenotypes compared to tissue stem cells. Finally, it focuses on the recent breakthroughs in vitro culture and discusses future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Nagamatsu
- Center for Advanced Assisted Reproductive Technologies, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Go Nagamatsu,
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55
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Mazzei A, Pagliara P, Del Vecchio G, Giampetruzzi L, Croce F, Schiavone R, Verri T, Barca A. Cytoskeletal Responses and Aif-1 Expression in Caco-2 Monolayers Exposed to Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate and Carnosine. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010036. [PMID: 36671729 PMCID: PMC9855102 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The dis(re)organization of the cytoskeletal actin in enterocytes mediates epithelial barrier dys(re)function, playing a key role in modulating epithelial monolayer's integrity and remodeling under transition from physiological to pathological states. Here, by fluorescence-based morphological and morphometric analyses, we detected differential responses of cytoskeletal actin in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers at two different stages of their spontaneous differentiation, i.e., undifferentiated cells at 7 days post-seeding (dps) and differentiated enterocyte-like cells at 21 dps, upon challenge in vitro with the inflammation-mimicking stimulus of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). In addition, specific responses were found in the presence of the natural dipeptide carnosine detecting its potential counteraction against PMA-induced cytoskeletal alterations and remodeling in differentiated Caco-2 monolayers. In such an experimental context, by both immunocytochemistry and Western blot assays in Caco-2 monolayers, we identified the expression of the allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1) as protein functionally related to both inflammatory and cytoskeletal pathways. In 21 dps monolayers, particularly, we detected variations of its intracellular localization associated with the inflammatory stimulus and its mRNA/protein increase associated with the differentiated 21 dps enterocyte-like monolayer compared to the undifferentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Mazzei
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DeBEST), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pagliara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DeBEST), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-0832-298662 (A.B.)
| | - Gianmarco Del Vecchio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DeBEST), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lucia Giampetruzzi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems IMM-CNR, Via per Monteroni “Campus Ecotekne”, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca Croce
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DeBEST), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Roberta Schiavone
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DeBEST), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DeBEST), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Amilcare Barca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DeBEST), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-0832-298662 (A.B.)
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56
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Asano N, Takeuchi A, Imatani A, Saito M, Jin X, Hatta W, Uno K, Koike T, Masamune A. Wnt Signaling and Aging of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012210. [PMID: 36293064 PMCID: PMC9603545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered a risk factor for various diseases including cancers. In this aging society, there is an urgent need to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in aging. Wnt signaling has been shown to play a crucial role in the maintenance and differentiation of tissue stem cells, and intensive studies have elucidated its pivotal role in the aging of neural and muscle stem cells. However, until recently, such studies on the gastrointestinal tract have been limited. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the study of the role of Wnt signaling in the aging of the gastrointestinal tract and aging-related carcinogenesis.
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57
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Yu TX, Kalakonda S, Liu X, Han N, Chung HK, Xiao L, Rao JN, He TC, Raufman JP, Wang JY. Long noncoding RNA uc.230/CUG-binding protein 1 axis sustains intestinal epithelial homeostasis and response to tissue injury. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156612. [PMID: 36214222 PMCID: PMC9675575 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial integrity is commonly disrupted in patients with critical disorders, but the exact underlying mechanisms are unclear. Long noncoding RNAs transcribed from ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) control different cell functions and are involved in pathologies. Here, we investigated the role of T-UCRs in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and identified T-UCR uc.230 as a major regulator of epithelial renewal, apoptosis, and barrier function. Compared with controls, intestinal mucosal tissues from patients with ulcerative colitis and from mice with colitis or fasted for 48 hours had increased levels of uc.230. Silencing uc.230 inhibited the growth of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and organoids and caused epithelial barrier dysfunction. Silencing uc.230 also increased IEC vulnerability to apoptosis, whereas increasing uc.230 levels protected IECs against cell death. In mice with colitis, reduced uc.230 levels enhanced mucosal inflammatory injury and delayed recovery. Mechanistic studies revealed that uc.230 increased CUG-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1) by acting as a natural decoy RNA for miR-503, which interacts with Cugbp1 mRNA and represses its translation. These findings indicate that uc.230 sustains intestinal mucosal homeostasis by promoting epithelial renewal and barrier function and that it protects IECs against apoptosis by serving as a natural sponge for miR-503, thereby preserving CUGBP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Xi Yu
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sudhakar Kalakonda
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiangzheng Liu
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Naomi Han
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hee K. Chung
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaladanki N. Rao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine and
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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58
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Applications of human organoids in the personalized treatment for digestive diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:336. [PMID: 36167824 PMCID: PMC9513303 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system diseases arise primarily through the interplay of genetic and environmental influences; there is an urgent need in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases and deploy personalized treatments. Traditional and long-established model systems rarely reproduce either tissue complexity or human physiology faithfully; these shortcomings underscore the need for better models. Organoids represent a promising research model, helping us gain a more profound understanding of the digestive organs; this model can also be used to provide patients with precise and individualized treatment and to build rapid in vitro test models for drug screening or gene/cell therapy, linking basic research with clinical treatment. Over the past few decades, the use of organoids has led to an advanced understanding of the composition of each digestive organ and has facilitated disease modeling, chemotherapy dose prediction, CRISPR-Cas9 genetic intervention, high-throughput drug screening, and identification of SARS-CoV-2 targets, pathogenic infection. However, the existing organoids of the digestive system mainly include the epithelial system. In order to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of digestive diseases, it is necessary to establish a completer and more physiological organoid model. Combining organoids and advanced techniques to test individualized treatments of different formulations is a promising approach that requires further exploration. This review highlights the advancements in the field of organoid technology from the perspectives of disease modeling and personalized therapy.
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59
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Cheng Z, Wang Y, Li B. Dietary Polyphenols Alleviate Autoimmune Liver Disease by Mediating the Intestinal Microenvironment: Challenges and Hopes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10708-10737. [PMID: 36005815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune liver disease is a chronic liver disease caused by an overactive immune response in the liver that imposes a significant health and economic cost on society. Due to the side effects of existing medicinal medications, there is a trend toward seeking natural bioactive compounds as dietary supplements. Currently, dietary polyphenols have been proven to have the ability to mediate gut-liver immunity and control autoimmune liver disease through modulating the intestinal microenvironment. Based on the preceding, this Review covers the many forms of autoimmune liver illnesses, their pathophysiology, and the modulatory effects of polyphenols on immune disorders. Finally, we focus on how polyphenols interact with the intestinal milieu to improve autoimmune liver disease. In conclusion, we suggest that dietary polyphenols have the potential as gut-targeted modulators for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune liver disease and highlight new perspectives and critical issues for future pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
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60
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Zhou JY, Zan GX, Zhu QJ, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Wang XQ. Recombinant Porcine R-Spondin 1 Facilitates Intestinal Stem Cell Expansion along the Crypt-Villus Axis through Potentiating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Homeostasis and Deoxynivalenol Injury. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10644-10653. [PMID: 35997221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
R-spondin 1 (RSPO1) is a ligand for the intestinal stem cell (ISC) marker Lgr5 in the crypt, which functions to amplify canonical Wnt signaling to stimulate the division of ISCs. Despite the crucial role of recombinant human RSPO1 (rhRSPO1) in homeostasis and regeneration, little is known about RSPO1 among different species. Here, we cloned the porcine RSPO1 (pRSPO1) gene and obtained rpRSPO1 protein through the expression system of the recombinant Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) chemical competent cells. Using the in vitro IPEC-J2 model that combines cell proliferation evaluation approaches, we identified the rpRSPO1 activity in stimulating jejunal epithelial cells. And upon deoxynivalenol challenge in mice, we found that rpRSPO1 ameliorated their growth retardation and jejunal epithelial integrity. Importantly, the ISCs in the jejunum had greater proliferation and differentiation potential that was accompanied by Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation after rpRSPO1 modulation. Subsequently, the jejunal organoids expanded from these ISCs ex vivo presented robust growth advantages. And the rpRSPO1 was able to guide Wnt/β-catenin activity to increase ISC activity. Our work systematically demonstrates that rpRSPO1 facilitates ISC expansion by potentiating Wnt/β-catenin signaling during homeostasis and responding to deoxynivalenol perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- HenryFok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Geng-Xiu Zan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiu-Jie Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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61
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Rodrigues RM, Valim VDS, Berger M, da Silva APM, Fachel FNS, Wilke II, da Silva WOB, Santi L, da Silva MAL, Amorin B, Sehn F, Yates JR, Guimarães JA, Silla L. The proteomic and particle composition of human platelet lysate for cell therapy products. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1495-1505. [PMID: 35892149 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Following health agencies warning, the use of animal origin supplements should be avoided in biological products proposed as therapy in humans. Platelet lysate and several other growth factors sources are alternatives to replace fetal calf serum, the current gold standard in clinical-grade cell culture. However, the platelet supplement's content lacks data due to different production methods. The principle behind these products relays on the lysis of platelets that release several proteins, some of which are contained in heterogeneous granules and coordinate biological functions. This study aims to analyze the composition and reproducibility of a platelet lysate produced with a standardized method, by describing several batches' protein and particle content using proteomics and dynamic light scattering. Proteomics data revealed a diversified protein content, with some related to essential cellular processes such as proliferation, morphogenesis, differentiation, biosynthesis, adhesion, and metabolism. It also detected proteins responsible for activation and binding of transforming growth factor beta, hepatocyte growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor. Total protein, biochemical, and growth factors quantitative data showed consistent and reproducible values across batches. Novel data on two major particle populations is presented, with high dispersion level at 231 ± 96 d.nm and at 30 ± 8 d.nm, possibly being an important way of protein trafficking through the cellular microenvironment. This experimental and descriptive analysis aims to support the content definition and quality criteria of a cell supplement for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul M Rodrigues
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Markus Berger
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia N S Fachel
- School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ianaê I Wilke
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Walter O B da Silva
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Amorin
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Filipe Sehn
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Lucia Silla
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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62
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Mechanical forces directing intestinal form and function. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R791-R805. [PMID: 35882203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate intestine experiences a range of intrinsically generated and external forces during both development and adult homeostasis. It is increasingly understood how the coordination of these forces shapes the intestine through organ-scale folding and epithelial organization into crypt-villus compartments. Moreover, accumulating evidence shows that several cell types in the adult intestine can sense and respond to forces to regulate key cellular processes underlying adult intestinal functions and self-renewal. In this way, transduction of forces may direct both intestinal homeostasis as well as adaptation to external stimuli, such as food ingestion or injury. In this review, we will discuss recent insights from complementary model systems into the force-dependent mechanisms that establish and maintain the unique architecture of the intestine, as well as its homeostatic regulation and function throughout adult life.
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63
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Deng F, Wu Z, Zou F, Wang S, Wang X. The Hippo–YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway in Intestinal Self-Renewal and Regeneration After Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:894737. [PMID: 35927987 PMCID: PMC9343807 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.894737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway and its downstream effectors, the transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), control stem cell fate and cell proliferation and differentiation and are essential for tissue self-renewal and regeneration. YAP/TAZ are the core components of the Hippo pathway and they coregulate transcription when localized in the nucleus. The intestinal epithelium undergoes well-regulated self-renewal and regeneration programs to maintain the structural and functional integrity of the epithelial barrier. This prevents luminal pathogen attack, and facilitates daily nutrient absorption and immune balance. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation of the entire digestive tract. Impaired mucosal healing is a prominent biological feature of IBD. Intestinal self-renewal is primarily dependent on functional intestinal stem cells (ISCs), especially Lgr5+ crypt base columnar (CBC) cells and transient-amplifying (TA) cells in the crypt base. However, intestinal wound healing is a complicated process that is often associated with epithelial cells, and mesenchymal and immune cells in the mucosal microenvironment. Upon intestinal injury, nonproliferative cells rapidly migrate towards the wound bed to reseal the damaged epithelium, which is followed by cell proliferation and differentiation. YAP is generally localized in the nucleus of Lgr5+ CBC cells, where it transcriptionally regulates the expression of the ISC marker Lgr5 and plays an important role in intestinal self-renewal. YAP/TAZ are the primary mechanical sensors of the cellular microenvironment. Their functions include expanding progenitor and stem cell populations, reprogramming differentiated cells into a primitive state, and mediating the regenerative function of reserve stem cells. Thus, YAP/TAZ play extremely crucial roles in epithelial repair after damage. This review provides an overview of the Hippo–YAP/TAZ signaling pathway and the processes of intestinal self-renewal and regeneration. In particular, we summarize the roles of YAP/TAZ in the phases of intestinal self-renewal and regeneration to suggest a potential strategy for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Feihong Deng, ; Xuehong Wang,
| | - Zengrong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Feihong Deng, ; Xuehong Wang,
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Tullie L, Jones BC, De Coppi P, Li VSW. Building gut from scratch - progress and update of intestinal tissue engineering. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:417-431. [PMID: 35241800 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS), a condition defined by insufficient absorptive intestinal epithelium, is a rare disease, with an estimated prevalence up to 0.4 in 10,000 people. However, it has substantial morbidity and mortality for affected patients. The mainstay of treatment in SBS is supportive, in the form of intravenous parenteral nutrition, with the aim of achieving intestinal autonomy. The lack of a definitive curative therapy has led to attempts to harness innate developmental and regenerative mechanisms to engineer neo-intestine as an alternative approach to addressing this unmet clinical need. Exciting advances have been made in the field of intestinal tissue engineering (ITE) over the past decade, making a review in this field timely. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in the components required to engineer intestinal grafts and summarize the progress of ITE. We also explore some key factors to consider and challenges to overcome when transitioning tissue-engineered intestine towards clinical translation, and provide the future outlook of ITE in therapeutic applications and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Tullie
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brendan C Jones
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, DBC, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. .,Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Vivian S W Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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65
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Guan F, Luo H, Wu J, Li M, Chen L, Huang N, Wei G, Nie J, Chen B, Su Z, Zhang X, Liu Y. Andrographolide sodium bisulfite ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and liver injury in mice via inhibiting macrophage proinflammatory polarization from the gut-liver axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109007. [PMID: 35779489 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory disease, is widely thought to be associated with colonic barrier damage and inflammatory response. With the destruction of the colonic barrier, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enters the liver through the portal vein and causes liver injury. Liver injury in turn exacerbates UC to form a vicious cycle, so the treatment of liver injury cannot be ignored. Andrographolide (Andro) has a protective effect against colitis and liver injury, but with low bioavailability. Andrographolide sodium bisulfite (ASB), a water-soluble sulfonate of Andro, has better bioavailability, whether it has a better curative effect against UC and liver injury is rarely reported. Hence, we investigated the protective effect and potential mechanism of ASB against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC and liver injury in mice. The results showed that treatment with ASB significantly relieved the clinical symptoms of UC and liver injury by reducing disease activity index, inhibiting gut-derived LPS leakage, and improving colonic and hepatic injury, and its curative effect was better than Andro. Moreover, ASB effectively decreased the YAP-mediated colonic inflammation and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory factor release in the liver. Both colonic and hepatic inflammation were associated with macrophage proinflammatory polarization, but they were significantly inhibited by ASB. ASB showed good safety in the treatment of UC and liver injury and has no nephrotoxicity as previously described. In conclusion, ASB has an effective protective effect on DSS-induced UC and liver injury, mainly by suppressing macrophage proinflammatory polarization from the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengkun Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huijuan Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiazhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ning Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guilan Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Nie
- Medical School, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Baoyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China.
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66
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Won JH, Choi JS, Jun JI. CCN1 interacts with integrins to regulate intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3117. [PMID: 35660741 PMCID: PMC9166801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) at the crypt base contribute to intestinal homeostasis through a balance between self-renewal and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating this homeostatic balance remain elusive. Here we show that the matricellular protein CCN1/CYR61 coordinately regulates ISC proliferation and differentiation through distinct pathways emanating from CCN1 interaction with integrins αvβ3/αvβ5. Mice that delete Ccn1 in Lgr5 + ISCs or express mutant CCN1 unable to bind integrins αvβ3/αvβ5 exhibited exuberant ISC expansion and enhanced differentiation into secretory cells at the expense of absorptive enterocytes in the small intestine, leading to nutrient malabsorption. Analysis of crypt organoids revealed that through integrins αvβ3/αvβ5, CCN1 induces NF-κB-dependent Jag1 expression to regulate Notch activation for differentiation and promotes Src-mediated YAP activation and Dkk1 expression to control Wnt signaling for proliferation. Moreover, CCN1 and YAP amplify the activities of each other in a regulatory loop. These findings establish CCN1 as a niche factor in the intestinal crypts, providing insights into how matrix signaling exerts overarching control of ISC homeostasis. Intestinal stem cells contribute to homeostasis through a balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Here the authors show that CCN1 is an intestinal stem cell niche factor that activates integrin αvβ3/αvβ5 signaling to regulate proliferation and differentiation through distinct downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hoon Won
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jacob S Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.,Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair street Arkes Suite 2330, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joon-Il Jun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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67
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Heinz MC, Peters NA, Oost KC, Lindeboom RG, van Voorthuijsen L, Fumagalli A, van der Net MC, de Medeiros G, Hageman JH, Verlaan-Klink I, Borel Rinkes IH, Liberali P, Gloerich M, van Rheenen J, Vermeulen M, Kranenburg O, Snippert HJ. Liver Colonization by Colorectal Cancer Metastases Requires YAP-Controlled Plasticity at the Micrometastatic Stage. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1953-1968. [PMID: 35570706 PMCID: PMC9381095 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Micrometastases of colorectal cancer can remain dormant for years prior to the formation of actively growing, clinically detectable lesions (i.e., colonization). A better understanding of this step in the metastatic cascade could help improve metastasis prevention and treatment. Here we analyzed liver specimens of patients with colorectal cancer and monitored real-time metastasis formation in mouse livers using intravital microscopy to reveal that micrometastatic lesions are devoid of cancer stem cells (CSC). However, lesions that grow into overt metastases demonstrated appearance of de novo CSCs through cellular plasticity at a multicellular stage. Clonal outgrowth of patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids phenocopied the cellular and transcriptomic changes observed during in vivo metastasis formation. First, formation of mature CSCs occurred at a multicellular stage and promoted growth. Conversely, failure of immature CSCs to generate more differentiated cells arrested growth, implying that cellular heterogeneity is required for continuous growth. Second, early-stage YAP activity was required for the survival of organoid-forming cells. However, subsequent attenuation of early-stage YAP activity was essential to allow for the formation of cell type heterogeneity, while persistent YAP signaling locked micro-organoids in a cellularly homogenous and growth-stalled state. Analysis of metastasis formation in mouse livers using single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed the transient presence of early-stage YAP activity, followed by emergence of CSC and non-CSC phenotypes, irrespective of the initial phenotype of the metastatic cell of origin. Thus, establishment of cellular heterogeneity after an initial YAP-controlled outgrowth phase marks the transition to continuously growing macrometastases. SIGNIFICANCE Characterization of the cell type dynamics, composition, and transcriptome of early colorectal cancer liver metastases reveals that failure to establish cellular heterogeneity through YAP-controlled epithelial self-organization prohibits the outgrowth of micrometastases. See related commentary by LeBleu, p. 1870.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Heinz
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Niek A. Peters
- Division of Imaging and Cancer, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen C. Oost
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Rik G.H. Lindeboom
- Oncode Institute, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa van Voorthuijsen
- Oncode Institute, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arianna Fumagalli
- Oncode Institute, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C. van der Net
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gustavo de Medeiros
- Quantitative Biology, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joris H. Hageman
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Verlaan-Klink
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
| | | | - Prisca Liberali
- Quantitative Biology, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martijn Gloerich
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Oncode Institute, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Oncode Institute, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Division of Imaging and Cancer, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Corresponding Authors: Onno Kranenburg, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands. Phone: 318-8755-9632; E-mail: ; and Hugo J.G. Snippert, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands. Phone: 318-8756-8959; E-mail:
| | - Hugo J.G. Snippert
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, the Netherlands.,Corresponding Authors: Onno Kranenburg, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands. Phone: 318-8755-9632; E-mail: ; and Hugo J.G. Snippert, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands. Phone: 318-8756-8959; E-mail:
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68
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Jacob JM, Di Carlo SE, Stzepourginski I, Lepelletier A, Ndiaye PD, Varet H, Legendre R, Kornobis E, Benabid A, Nigro G, Peduto L. PDGFRα-induced stromal maturation is required to restrain postnatal intestinal epithelial stemness and promote defense mechanisms. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:856-868.e5. [PMID: 35523143 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
After birth, the intestine undergoes major changes to shift from an immature proliferative state to a functional intestinal barrier. By combining inducible lineage tracing and transcriptomics in mouse models, we identify a prodifferentiation PDGFRαHigh intestinal stromal lineage originating from postnatal LTβR+ perivascular stromal progenitors. The genetic blockage of this lineage increased the intestinal stem cell pool while decreasing epithelial and immune maturation at weaning age, leading to reduced postnatal growth and dysregulated repair responses. Ablating PDGFRα in the LTBR stromal lineage demonstrates that PDGFRα has a major impact on the lineage fate and function, inducing a transcriptomic switch from prostemness genes, such as Rspo3 and Grem1, to prodifferentiation factors, including BMPs, retinoic acid, and laminins, and on spatial organization within the crypt-villus and repair responses. Our results show that the PDGFRα-induced transcriptomic switch in intestinal stromal cells is required in the first weeks after birth to coordinate postnatal intestinal maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Jacob
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Selene E Di Carlo
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Igor Stzepourginski
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Lepelletier
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Papa Diogop Ndiaye
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform-Biomics Pole, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform-Biomics Pole, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Kornobis
- Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform-Biomics Pole, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Adam Benabid
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Nigro
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Peduto
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France.
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69
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Nagai H, Miura M, Nakajima YI. Cellular mechanisms underlying adult tissue plasticity in Drosophila. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:190-206. [PMID: 35470772 PMCID: PMC9045823 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2066952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissues in Metazoa dynamically remodel their structures in response to environmental challenges including sudden injury, pathogen infection, and nutritional fluctuation, while maintaining quiescence under homoeostatic conditions. This characteristic, hereafter referred to as adult tissue plasticity, can prevent tissue dysfunction and improve the fitness of organisms in continuous and/or severe change of environments. With its relatively simple tissue structures and genetic tools, studies using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have provided insights into molecular mechanisms that control cellular responses, particularly during regeneration and nutrient adaptation. In this review, we present the current understanding of cellular mechanisms, stem cell proliferation, polyploidization, and cell fate plasticity, all of which enable adult tissue plasticity in various Drosophila adult organs including the midgut, the brain, and the gonad, and discuss the organismal strategy in response to environmental changes and future directions of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nagai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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70
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Nath A, Chakrabarti P, Sen S, Barui A. Reactive Oxygen Species in Modulating Intestinal Stem Cell Dynamics and Function. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2328-2350. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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71
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Yang W, Ansari AR, Niu X, Zou W, Lu M, Dong L, Li F, Chen Y, Yang K, Song H. Interaction between gut microbiota dysbiosis and lung infection as gut-lung axis caused by Streptococcus suis in mouse model. Microbiol Res 2022; 261:127047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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72
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Liao Z, Hu C, Gao Y. Mechanisms modulating the activities of intestinal stem cells upon radiation or chemical agent exposure. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:149-157. [PMID: 35021216 PMCID: PMC8944320 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are essential for the regeneration of intestinal cells upon radiation or chemical agent damage. As for radiation-induced damage, the expression of AIM2, YAP, TLR3, PUMA or BVES can aggravate ISCs depletion, while the stimulation of TLR5, HGF/MET signaling, Ass1 gene, Slit/Robo signaling facilitate the radio-resistance of ISCs. Upon chemical agent treatment, the activation of TRAIL or p53/PUMA pathway exacerbate injury on ISCs, while the increased levels of IL-22, β-arrestin1 can ease the damage. The transformation between reserve ISCs (rISCs) maintaining quiescent states and active ISCs (aISCs) that are highly proliferative has obtained much attention in recent years, in which ISCs expressing high levels of Hopx, Bmi1, mTert, Krt19 or Lrig1 are resistant to radiation injury, and SOX9, MSI2, clusterin, URI are essential for rISCs maintenance. The differentiated cells like Paneth cells and enteroendocrine cells can also obtain stemness driven by radiation injury mediated by Wnt or Notch signaling. Besides, Mex3a-expressed ISCs can survive and then proliferate into intestinal epithelial cells upon chemical agent damage. In addition, the modulation of symbiotic microbes harboring gastrointestinal (GI) tract is also a promising strategy to protect ISCs against radiation damage. Overall, the strategies targeting mechanisms modulating ISCs activities are conducive to alleviating GI injury of patients receiving chemoradiotherapy or victims of nuclear or chemical accident.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yue Gao
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China. E-mail:
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73
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Yin L, Li J, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Yang C, Yi Z, Yin Y, Wang Q, Li J, Ding N, Zhang Z, Yang H, Yin Y. Changes in progenitors and differentiated epithelial cells of neonatal piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:265-276. [PMID: 34988308 PMCID: PMC8693152 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the changes of small intestinal morphology, progenitors, differentiated epithelial cells, and potential mechanisms in neonatal piglets. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of samples from 36 piglets suggested that dramatic changes were observed in the jejunum crypts depth and crypt fission index of neonatal piglets (P < 0.001). The number of intestinal stem cells (ISC) tended to increase (P < 0.10), and a decreased number of enteroendocrine cells appeared in the jejunal crypt on d 7 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of jejunal chromogranin A (ChgA) was down-regulated in d 7 piglets (P < 0.05). There was an up-regulation of the adult ISC marker gene of SPARC related modular calcium binding 2 (Smoc2), and Wnt/β-catenin target genes on d 7 (P < 0.05). These results were further verified in vitro enteroid culture experiments. A mass of hollow spheroids was cultured from the fetal intestine of 0-d-old piglets (P < 0.001), whereas substantial organoids with budding and branching structures were cultured from the intestine of 7-d-old piglets (P < 0.001). The difference was reflected by the organoid budding efficiency, crypt domains per organoid, and the surface area of the organoid. Furthermore, spheroids on d 0 had more Ki67-positive cells and enteroendocrine cells (P < 0.05) and showed a decreasing trend in the ISC and goblet cells (P < 0.10). Moreover, the mRNA expression of spheroids differed markedly from that of organoids, with low expression of intestinal differentiation gene (Lysozyme; P < 0.05), epithelial-specific markers (Villin, E-cadherin; P < 0.05), and adult ISC markers (leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 [Lgr5], Smoc2; P < 0.001), and up-regulation of fetal marker (connexin 43 [Cnx43]; P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of relevant genes was up-regulated, and involved in Wnt/β-catenin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), Notch, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling on d 7 organoids (P < 0.05). Spheroids displayed low differentiated phenotype and high proliferation, while organoids exhibited strong differentiation potential. These results indicated that the conversion from the fetal progenitors (spheroids) to adult ISC (normal organoids) might largely be responsible for the fast development of intestinal epithelial cells in neonatal piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Yinxiang Group, Fujian Aonong BiologicaI Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Aonong Group, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Yitong Zhang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Cuiyan Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Zhenfeng Yi
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yuebang Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Nengshui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Yinxiang Group, Fujian Aonong BiologicaI Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Aonong Group, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Yinxiang Group, Fujian Aonong BiologicaI Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Aonong Group, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
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74
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Ren LL, Zhou JY, Liang SJ, Wang XQ. Impaired intestinal stem cell activity in ETEC infection: enterotoxins, cyclic nucleotides, and Wnt signaling. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1213-1225. [PMID: 35226135 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in humans and animals colonizes the intestine and thereafter secrets heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) with or without heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), which triggers massive fluid and electrolyte secretion into the gut lumen. The crosstalk between the cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase/cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cAMP or cGMP/CFTR) pathway involved in ETEC-induced diarrhea channels, and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway leads to changes in intestinal stem cell (ISC) fates, which are strongly associated with developmental disorders caused by diarrhea. We review how alterations in enterotoxin-activated ion channel pathways and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can explain inhibited intestinal epithelial activity, characterize alterations in the crosstalk of cyclic nucleotides, and predict harmful effects on ISCs in targeted therapy. Besides, we discuss current deficits in the understanding of enterotoxin-intestinal epithelial cell activity relationships that should be considered when interpreting sequelae of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Ren
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shao-Jie Liang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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75
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Telomerase is required for glomerular renewal in kidneys of adult mice. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:15. [PMID: 35149726 PMCID: PMC8837629 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic renal filtration relies on the integrity of podocytes, which function in glomerular filtration. These highly specialized cells are damaged in 90% of chronic kidney disease, representing the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Although modest podocyte renewal has been documented in adult mice, the mechanisms regulating this process remain largely unknown and controversial. Using a mouse model of Adriamycin-induced nephropathy, we find that the recovery of filtration function requires up-regulation of the endogenous telomerase component TERT. Previous work has shown that transient overexpression of catalytically inactive TERT (i-TERTci mouse model) has an unexpected role in triggering dramatic podocyte proliferation and renewal. We therefore used this model to conduct specific and stochastic lineage-tracing strategies in combination with high throughput sequencing methods. These experiments provide evidence that TERT drives the activation and clonal expansion of podocyte progenitor cells. Our findings demonstrate that the adult kidney bears intrinsic regenerative capabilities involving the protein component of telomerase, paving the way for innovative research toward the development of chronic kidney disease therapeutics.
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76
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Wu Q, Xu X, Miao X, Bao X, Li X, Xiang L, Wang W, Du S, Lu Y, Wang X, Yang D, Zhang J, Shen X, Li F, Lu S, Fan Y, Xu S, Chen Z, Wang Y, Teng H, Huang Z. YAP signaling in horizontal basal cells promotes the regeneration of olfactory epithelium after injury. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:664-677. [PMID: 35148842 PMCID: PMC9039758 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The horizontal basal cells (HBCs) of olfactory epithelium (OE) serve as reservoirs for stem cells during OE regeneration, through proliferation and differentiation, which is important in recovery of olfactory function. However, the molecular mechanism of regulation of HBC proliferation and differentiation after injury remains unclear. Here, we found that yes-associated protein (YAP) was upregulated and activated in HBCs after OE injury. Deletion of YAP in HBCs led to impairment in OE regeneration and functional recovery of olfaction after injury. Mechanically, YAP was activated by S1P/S1PR2 signaling, thereby promoting the proliferation of HBCs and OE regeneration after injury. Finally, activation of YAP signaling enhanced the proliferation of HBCs and improved functional recovery of olfaction after OE injury or in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Taken together, these results reveal an S1P/S1PR2/YAP pathway in OE regeneration in response to injury, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for OE injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xingxing Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xuemeng Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaomei Bao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ludan Xiang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Siyu Du
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiwu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Danlu Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiya Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fayi Li
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yiren Fan
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shujie Xu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Honglin Teng
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Zhihui Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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Adaptive differentiation for fast barrier restoration. Dev Cell 2022; 57:147-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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78
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Cai Y, Wang S, Qu J, Belmonte JCI, Liu GH. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:231-238. [PMID: 35303745 PMCID: PMC8968747 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies, including stem cell transplantation and rejuvenation of stem cells in situ, are promising avenues for tackling a broad range of diseases. Stem cells can both self-renew and differentiate into other cell types, and play a significant role in the regulation of tissue homeostasis and regeneration after cell degeneration or injury. However, stem cell exhaustion or dysfunction increases with age and impedes the normal function of multiple tissues and systems. Thus, stem cell therapies could provide a solution to aging and age-associated diseases. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that regulate stem cell regeneration. We also summarize potential strategies for rejuvenating stem cells that leverage intrinsic and extrinsic factors. These approaches may pave the way toward therapeutic interventions aiming at extending both health and life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Qu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author: Jing Qu, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China. Tel: +86-10-64807768;
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Juan Carlos Izpisúa-Belmonte, PhD, Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA. Tel: (858) 453-4100 x1130;
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Guanghui Liu, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China. Tel: +86-10-64807852;
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79
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Telocytes: Active Players in the Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Intestinal Stem-Cell Niche. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010074. [PMID: 35011180 PMCID: PMC8744786 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the sustainability of trout farming, it is essential to develop alternatives to fish-based meals that prevent intestinal disorders and support growth performances. Therefore, an accurate knowledge of intestinal morphology and physiology is desirable. We previously described the epithelial component of the intestinal stem-cell (ISC) niche in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which is one of the most successfully farmed species and a representative model of the salmonids family. This work aims to expand that knowledge by investigating the niche stromal components that contribute to intestinal homeostasis. We analyzed samples belonging to five individuals collected from a local commercial farm. Histological and ultrastructural studies revealed peculiar mesenchymal cells adjacent to the epithelium that generated an intricate mesh spanning from the folds' base to their apex. Their voluminous nuclei, limited cytoplasm and long cytoplasmic projections characterized them as telocytes (TCs). TEM analysis showed the secretion of extracellular vesicles, suggesting their functional implication in cell-to-cell communication. Furthermore, we evaluated the localization of well-defined mouse TC markers (pdgfrα and foxl1) and their relationship with the epithelial component of the niche. TCs establish a direct connection with ISCs and provide short-range signaling, which also indicates their key role as the mesenchymal component of the stem-cell niche in this species. Interestingly, the TC distribution and gene-expression pattern in rainbow trout closely overlapped with those observed in mice, indicating that they have the same functions in both species. These results substantially improve our understanding of the mechanisms regulating intestinal homeostasis and will enable a more detailed evaluation of innovative feed effects.
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80
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Lendahl U, Lui VCH, Chung PHY, Tam PKH. Biliary Atresia - emerging diagnostic and therapy opportunities. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103689. [PMID: 34781099 PMCID: PMC8604670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary Atresia is a devastating pediatric cholangiopathy affecting the bile ducts of the liver. In this review, we describe recent progress in the understanding of liver development with a focus on cholangiocyte differentiation and how use of technical platforms, including rodent, zebrafish and organoid models, advances our understanding of Biliary Atresia. This is followed by a description of potential pathomechanisms, such as autoimmune responses, inflammation, disturbed apical-basal cell polarity, primary cilia dysfunction as well as beta-amyloid accumulation. Finally, we describe current and emerging diagnostic opportunities and recent translation breakthroughs for Biliary Atresia in the area of emerging therapy development, including immunomodulation and organoid-based systems for liver and bile duct repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Vincent C H Lui
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick H Y Chung
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Paul K H Tam
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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81
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Han Y, Liu D, Li L. Increased expression of TAZ and associated upregulation of PD-L1 in cervical cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:592. [PMID: 34736474 PMCID: PMC8567592 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an important component of the Hippo pathway, WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (TAZ), is a transcriptional coactivator that is responsible for the progression of various types of cancers. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptors in activated T cells and their ligand programming death force 1 (PD-L1) are the main checkpoint signals that control T cell activity. Studies have shown high levels of PD-L1 in various cancers and that PD-L1/PD-1 signals to evade T-cell immunity. Recent data have demonstrated that TAZ can regulate the characteristics of cancer cells via PD-L1. Cervical cancer is a common gynecological disease worldwide. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effects of TAZ and PD-L1 on cervical cancer. METHODS Hela cervical cancer cells were transfected with TAZ plasmid or TAZ siRNA or PD-L1 siRNA by using Lipofectamine 2000. The relationship between TAZ and PD-L1 in cervical cancer cells was determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The functional roles of TAZ were confirmed via CCK-8, Transwell and flow cytometry assays. Western blotting was utilized to observe the expression of BCL-2 and Caspase-3. The clinicopathological correlation of TAZ and PD-L1 was evaluated via relevant databases. RESULT TAZ is upregulated in cervical cancer and induces the growth and metastasis of cervical cancer cells by targeting PD-L1and inhibiting the ratio of apoptotic of cancer cells. High TAZ and PD-L1 expression was observed in different stage, grade, histological patterns, and ages of cervical cancer groups compared with normal cervix groups. Furthermore, high TAZ expression was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of immune cells and the expression of PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Han
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Dandan Liu
- The Fourth Medical Center of The General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Pathology Department of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, 116044, China
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82
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Pu Q, Ma Q, Li J, Li G, Li XY. Soft substrate stiffness modifies corneal epithelial stem cell phenotype through hippo-YAP/notch pathway crosstalk. Med Hypotheses 2021; 156:110687. [PMID: 34627046 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Corneal disease remains to be one of the leading causes of blindness in the world and limbal stem cell (LSC) therapy is a promising therapy for LSC deficiency, which is associated with the diseased corneal epithelium repair. Soft substrate could effectively promote the stemness maintenance of LSC and thus modification of cell culture substrate would help in the potential LSC deficiency therapy. Both Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) and Notch pathway have been reported to affect the LSC function, however, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Instead of some soft but biologically toxic substrates, we present a hypothesis on the application of soft substrate generated by HA/PTX3, an FDA approved nontoxic drug, on the LSC culture in this current study. Soft substrate could help in the stemness maintenance and thus promote the LSC deficiency treatment. In more detailed mechanism detection, we hypothesize that soft substrate would block the activation of Hippo-YAP pathway and thus decrease the activity of Notch pathway. This proposed hypothesis should be evaluated by both a series of in-vitro experiments based on soft and stiff substrates and in-vivo treatment with LSC cultured in different conditions. Advanced experiments on related cellular behaviors and detailed molecular mechanisms would provide us more knowledge on the molecular mechanism detection as well as cell transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Guigang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
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83
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Wei L, Wen XS, Xian CJ. Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis Impairs Mucosal Homeostasis by Modulating Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179474. [PMID: 34502383 PMCID: PMC8431669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis, a painful debilitating condition affecting up to 40–100% of patients undergoing chemotherapy, can reduce the patients’ quality of life, add health care costs and even postpone cancer treatment. In recent years, the relationships between intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and mucositis have drawn much attention in mucositis research. Chemotherapy can shape intestinal microbiota, which, in turn, can aggravate the mucositis through toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, leading to an increased expression of inflammatory mediators and elevated epithelial cell apoptosis but decreased epithelial cell differentiation and mucosal regeneration. This review summarizes relevant studies related to the relationships of mucositis with chemotherapy regimens, microbiota, TLRs, inflammatory mediators, and intestinal homeostasis, aiming to explore how gut microbiota affects the pathogenesis of mucositis and provides potential new strategies for mucositis alleviation and treatment and development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Xue-Sen Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
- Correspondence: (X.-S.W.); (C.J.X.); Tel.: +86-531-88382028 (X.-S.W.); +61-88302-1944 (C.J.X.)
| | - Cory J. Xian
- UniSA Clinical & Health Science, City West Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: (X.-S.W.); (C.J.X.); Tel.: +86-531-88382028 (X.-S.W.); +61-88302-1944 (C.J.X.)
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84
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Mannino G, Russo C, Maugeri G, Musumeci G, Vicario N, Tibullo D, Giuffrida R, Parenti R, Lo Furno D. Adult stem cell niches for tissue homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:239-257. [PMID: 34435361 PMCID: PMC9291197 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are fundamental to maintain tissue homeostasis, growth, and regeneration. They reside in specialized environments called niches. Following activating signals, they proliferate and differentiate into functional cells that are able to preserve tissue physiology, either to guarantee normal turnover or to counteract tissue damage caused by injury or disease. Multiple interactions occur within the niche between stem cell‐intrinsic factors, supporting cells, the extracellular matrix, and signaling pathways. Altogether, these interactions govern cell fate, preserving the stem cell pool, and regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Based on their response to body needs, tissues can be largely classified into three main categories: tissues that even in normal conditions are characterized by an impressive turnover to replace rapidly exhausting cells (blood, epidermis, or intestinal epithelium); tissues that normally require only a basal cell replacement, though able to efficiently respond to increased tissue needs, injury, or disease (skeletal muscle); tissues that are equipped with less powerful stem cell niches, whose repairing ability is not able to overcome severe damage (heart or nervous tissue). The purpose of this review is to describe the main characteristics of stem cell niches in these different tissues, highlighting the various components influencing stem cell activity. Although much has been done, more work is needed to further increase our knowledge of niche interactions. This would be important not only to shed light on this fundamental chapter of human physiology but also to help the development of cell‐based strategies for clinical therapeutic applications, especially when other approaches fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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85
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Lopez-Hernandez A, Sberna S, Campaner S. Emerging Principles in the Transcriptional Control by YAP and TAZ. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164242. [PMID: 34439395 PMCID: PMC8391352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary YAP and TAZ are transcriptional cofactors that integrate several upstream signals to generate context-dependent transcriptional responses. This requires extensive integration with epigenetic regulators and other transcription factors. The molecular and genomic characterization of YAP and TAZ nuclear function has broad implications both in physiological and pathological settings. Abstract Yes-associated protein (YAP) and TAZ are transcriptional cofactors that sit at the crossroad of several signaling pathways involved in cell growth and differentiation. As such, they play essential functions during embryonic development, regeneration, and, once deregulated, in cancer progression. In this review, we will revise the current literature and provide an overview of how YAP/TAZ control transcription. We will focus on data concerning the modulation of the basal transcriptional machinery, their ability to epigenetically remodel the enhancer–promoter landscape, and the mechanisms used to integrate transcriptional cues from multiple pathways. This reveals how YAP/TAZ activation in cancer cells leads to extensive transcriptional control that spans several hallmarks of cancer. The definition of the molecular mechanism of transcriptional control and the identification of the pathways regulated by YAP/TAZ may provide therapeutic opportunities for the effective treatment of YAP/TAZ-driven tumors.
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Zhou X, Zhang D, Qi W, Hong T, Xiong T, Wu T, Geng F, Xie M, Nie S. Exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 Facilitate Intestinal Homeostasis by Modulating Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration and Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7863-7873. [PMID: 34236844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of epithelia is crucial for maintaining the intestinal barrier and homeostasis. Our previous work showed that exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 (EPS116) regulated the barrier function and homeostasis of the intestine; however, the relevant mechanisms remain obscure. Therefore, we sought to explore the role of EPS116 in promoting intestinal epithelial regeneration. Our data showed that the administration of EPS116 markedly ameliorated inflammatory bowel disease-related phenotypes and promoted the regeneration of crypts in the colon of colitis mice. The results of immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments indicated that EPS116 strikingly increased the number of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and the expression of differentiation markers for goblet cells, enterocytes, and enteroendocrine cells in the mouse colon. Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that EPS116 increased microbial populations associated with intestinal regeneration and glycan metabolism. Therefore, the present study revealed a novel model that EPS116 promoted the intestinal homeostasis through modulating the proliferation and differentiation of ISCs and altering the gut microbiota profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Wucheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Tao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Tingqin Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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87
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Abud HE, Chan WH, Jardé T. Source and Impact of the EGF Family of Ligands on Intestinal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:685665. [PMID: 34350179 PMCID: PMC8327171 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.685665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) has long been known for its role in promoting proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. EGF is produced by epithelial niche cells at the base of crypts in vivo and is routinely added to the culture medium to support the growth of intestinal organoids ex vivo. The recent identification of diverse stromal cell populations that reside underneath intestinal crypts has enabled the characterization of key growth factor cues supplied by these cells. The nature of these signals and how they are delivered to drive intestinal epithelial development, daily homeostasis and tissue regeneration following injury are being investigated. It is clear that aside from EGF, other ligands of the family, including Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), have distinct roles in supporting the function of intestinal stem cells through the ErbB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Wing Hei Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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88
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Pin C, Collins T, Gibbs M, Kimko H. Systems Modeling to Quantify Safety Risks in Early Drug Development: Using Bifurcation Analysis and Agent-Based Modeling as Examples. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:77. [PMID: 34018069 PMCID: PMC8137611 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative Systems Toxicology (QST) models, recapitulating pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action together with the organic response at multiple levels of biological organization, can provide predictions on the magnitude of injury and recovery dynamics to support study design and decision-making during drug development. Here, we highlight the application of QST models to predict toxicities of cancer treatments, such as cytopenia(s) and gastrointestinal adverse effects, where narrow therapeutic indexes need to be actively managed. The importance of bifurcation analysis is demonstrated in QST models of hematologic toxicity to understand how different regions of the parameter space generate different behaviors following cancer treatment, which results in asymptotically stable predictions, yet highly irregular for specific schedules, or oscillating predictions of blood cell levels. In addition, an agent-based model of the intestinal crypt was used to simulate how the spatial location of the injury within the crypt affects the villus disruption severity. We discuss the value of QST modeling approaches to support drug development and how they align with technological advances impacting trial design including patient selection, dose/regimen selection, and ultimately patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Teresa Collins
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Megan Gibbs
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Holly Kimko
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
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89
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Dynamic adult tracheal plasticity drives stem cell adaptation to changes in intestinal homeostasis in Drosophila. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:485-496. [PMID: 33972729 PMCID: PMC7610788 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of stem cell function by local and niche-derived signals is essential to preserve adult tissue homeostasis and organismal health. The vasculature is a prominent component of multiple stem cell niches. However, its role in adult intestinal homeostasis remains largely understudied. Here, we uncover a previously unrecognised crosstalk between adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in Drosophila and the vasculature-like tracheal system, which is essential for intestinal regeneration. Following damage to the intestinal epithelium, gut-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate tracheal HIF-1α and bidirectional FGF/FGFR signalling, leading to reversible remodelling of gut-associated terminal tracheal cells and ISC proliferation following damage. Unexpectedly, ROS-induced adult tracheal plasticity involves downregulation of the tracheal specification factor trachealess (trh) and upregulation of IGF2 mRNA-binding protein (IGF2BP2/Imp). Our results reveal an intestine/vasculature inter-organ communication programme, which is essential to adapt stem cells response to the proliferative demands of the intestinal epithelium.
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90
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Contursi A, Arconzo M, Cariello M, Piglionica M, D’Amore S, Vacca M, Graziano G, Gadaleta RM, Valanzano R, Mariani-Costantini R, Villani G, Moschetta A, Piccinin E. let-7e downregulation characterizes early phase colonic adenoma in APCMin/+ mice and human FAP subjects. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249238. [PMID: 33901189 PMCID: PMC8075207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The crypt-villus axis represents the essential unit of the small intestine, which integrity and functions are fundamental to assure tissue and whole-body homeostasis. Disruption of pathways regulating the fine balance between proliferation and differentiation results in diseases development. Nowadays, it is well established that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the homeostasis maintenance and perturbation of their levels may promote tumor development. Here, by using microarray technology, we analysed the miRNAs differentially expressed between the crypt and the villus in mice ileum. The emerged miRNAs were further validated by Real Time qPCR in mouse model (ApcMin/+), human cell lines and human tissue samples (FAP) of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our results indicated that miRNAs more expressed in the villi compartment are negatively regulated in tumor specimens, thus suggesting a close association between these microRNAs and the differentiation process. Particularly, from our analysis let-7e appeared to be a promising target for possible future therapies and a valuable marker for tumor staging, being upregulated in differentiated cells and downregulated in early-stage colonic adenoma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Contursi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Maria Arconzo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilidia Piglionica
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Medical Genetics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Simona D’Amore
- Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Michele Vacca
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Giusi Graziano
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Valanzano
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Mariani-Costantini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gaetano Villani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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91
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Giorgio ED, Cutano V, Minisini M, Tolotto V, Dalla E, Brancolini C. A regulative epigenetic circuit supervised by HDAC7 represses IGFBP6 and IGFBP7 expression to sustain mammary stemness. Epigenomics 2021; 13:683-698. [PMID: 33878891 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the breast, the pleiotropic epigenetic regulator HDAC7 can influence stemness. Materials & Methods: The authors used MCF10 cells knocked-out for HDAC7 to explore the contribution of HDAC7 to IGF1 signaling. Results: HDAC7 buffers H3K27ac levels at the IGFBP6 and IGFBP7 genomic loci and influences their expression. In this manner, HDAC7 can tune IGF1 signaling to sustain stemness. In HDAC7 knocked-out cells, RXRA promotes the upregulation of IGFBP6/7 mRNAs. By contrast, HDAC7 increases FABP5 expression, possibly through repression of miR-218. High levels of FABP5 can reduce the delivery of all-trans-retinoic acid to RXRA. Accordingly, the silencing of FABP5 increases IGFBP6 and IGFBP7 expression and reduces mammosphere generation. Conclusion: The authors propose that HDAC7 controls the uptake of all-trans-retinoic acid, thus influencing RXRA activity and IGF1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Valentina Cutano
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Martina Minisini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Vanessa Tolotto
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, Udine, 33100, Italy
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92
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Zerlotin R, Arconzo M, Piccinin E, Moschetta A. Another One Bites the Gut: Nuclear Receptor LRH-1 in Intestinal Regeneration and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040896. [PMID: 33672730 PMCID: PMC7924345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of self-renewal in normal intestinal epithelium is characterized by a fine balance between proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell death. When even one of these aspects escapes the normal control, cellular proliferation and differentiation are impaired, with consequent onset of tumorigenesis. In humans, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the main pathological manifestation of this derangement. Nowadays, CRC is the world's fourth most deadly cancer with a limited survival after treatment. Several conditions can predispose to CRC development, including dietary habits and pre-existing inflammatory bowel diseases. Given their extraordinary ability to interact with DNA, it is widely known that nuclear receptors play a key role in the regulation of intestinal epithelium, orchestrating the expression of a series of genes involved in developmental and homeostatic pathways. In particular, the nuclear receptor Liver Receptor Homolog-1 (LRH-1), highly expressed in the stem cells localized in the crypts, promotes intestine cell proliferation and renewal in both direct and indirect DNA-binding manner. Furthermore, LRH-1 is extensively correlated with diverse intestinal inflammatory pathways. These evidence shed a light in the dynamic intestinal microenvironment in which increased regenerative epithelial cell turnover, mutagenic insults, and chronic DNA damages triggered by factors within an inflammatory cell-rich microenvironment act synergistically to favor cancer onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zerlotin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (M.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Maria Arconzo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (M.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (M.A.); (E.P.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (M.A.); (E.P.)
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
- National Cancer Center, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-559-3262
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93
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Tao SC, Huang JY, Li ZX, Zhan S, Guo SC. Small extracellular vesicles with LncRNA H19 "overload": YAP Regulation as a Tendon Repair Therapeutic Tactic. iScience 2021; 24:102200. [PMID: 33733065 PMCID: PMC7937563 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional healing of tendon injuries remains a great challenge. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have received attention as pro-regenerative agents. H19 overexpression could bring tendon regenerative ability, but the mechanism is still not fully elucidated, and reliable method for delivery of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) was demanded. We identified the downstream mechanism of H19, the activation of yes-associated protein (YAP) via the H19-PP1-YAP axis. We established tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) stably overexpressing H19 with CRISPR-dCas9-based hnRNP A2/B1 activation (H19-CP-TSPCs). H19-OL-sEVs (H19 “overloading” sEVs) could be produced effectively from H19-CP-TSPCs. Only H19-OL-sEVs were able to significantly load large amounts of H19 rather than other competitors, and the potential of H19-OL-sEVs to promote tendon healing was far better than that of other competitors. Our study established a relatively reliable method for enrichment of LncRNAs into sEVs, providing new hints for modularized sEV-based therapies, and modularized sEVs represented a potential strategy for tendon regeneration. H19 overexpression enhances tendon regeneration H19 dephosphorylates and activates YAP hnRNP A2/B1 assists the enrichment of H19 into sEVs H19-OL-sEVs promote tendon regeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cong Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ji-Yan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 185 Pu'an Road, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Soochou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shi Zhan
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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94
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Sprangers J, Zaalberg IC, Maurice MM. Organoid-based modeling of intestinal development, regeneration, and repair. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:95-107. [PMID: 33208888 PMCID: PMC7852609 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium harbors a remarkable adaptability to undergo injury-induced repair. A key part of the regenerative response is the transient reprogramming of epithelial cells into a fetal-like state, which drives uniform proliferation, tissue remodeling, and subsequent restoration of the homeostatic state. In this review, we discuss how Wnt and YAP signaling pathways control the intestinal repair response and the transitioning of cell states, in comparison with the process of intestinal development. Furthermore, we highlight how organoid-based applications have contributed to the characterization of the mechanistic principles and key players that guide these developmental and regenerative events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep Sprangers
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Irene C Zaalberg
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon M Maurice
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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95
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Juanes MA. Cytoskeletal Control and Wnt Signaling-APC's Dual Contributions in Stem Cell Division and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3811. [PMID: 33348689 PMCID: PMC7766042 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium architecture is sustained by stem cell division. In principle, stem cells can divide symmetrically to generate two identical copies of themselves or asymmetrically to sustain tissue renewal in a balanced manner. The choice between the two helps preserve stem cell and progeny pools and is crucial for tissue homeostasis. Control of spindle orientation is a prime contributor to the specification of symmetric versus asymmetric cell division. Competition for space within the niche may be another factor limiting the stem cell pool. An integrative view of the multiple links between intracellular and extracellular signals and molecular determinants at play remains a challenge. One outstanding question is the precise molecular roles of the tumour suppressor Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) for sustaining gut homeostasis through its respective functions as a cytoskeletal hub and a down regulator in Wnt signalling. Here, we review our current understanding of APC inherent activities and partners in order to explore novel avenues by which APC may act as a gatekeeper in colorectal cancer and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Angeles Juanes
- School of Health and Life Science, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK;
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Lane, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK
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