51
|
Klanidhi KB, Bhavesh M, Ranjan P, Chakrawarty A, Bhadouria SS. Health care of the elderly during Covid-19 pandemic-All a family physician should know. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1077-1081. [PMID: 34041132 PMCID: PMC8140280 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2200_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderly people account for more than 9% of the global population, and more than 6% of the Indian population. Covid-19 has badly affected the older population, identification of risk factors for severe disease and early intervention results in reduced mortality. Older adults may have a varied spectrum of presentation which ranges from mild to severe disease. Milder diseases are more in older adults without prior comorbidities whereas severity increases with increase in number of illness. Till date there is no definitive treatment and vaccines are also at different stages of trial only preventive methods and early detection of cases are important tools for fighting this pandemic. Dedicated centre's for elder care as well as trained geriatricians are very few in India. Prevention should be the most important strategy for older adults. Follow social distancing and maintain a distance of 1 meter from others even if you are healthy. Wash hands repeatedly with soap and water or use hand sanitizer and generous use of masks. Older adults should be encouraged to take their regular medication and the baseline disease should be under controlled. Frequent teleconsultation from the primary physician should be done repeatedly to identify the symptoms and also control of baseline disease. Considering Covid-19 increased mortality and severity in the older population we are providing practical suggestions for family physicians while managing elderly Covid patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Bandhu Klanidhi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Bhavesh
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Avinash Chakrawarty
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Izzo L, Santonastaso A, Cotticelli G, Federico A, Pacifico S, Castaldo L, Colao A, Ritieni A. An Italian Survey on Dietary Habits and Changes during the COVID-19 Lockdown. Nutrients 2021; 13:1197. [PMID: 33916384 PMCID: PMC8065756 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern; the outbreak has led to lockdowns in several parts of the world, and sudden changes in people's lifestyles. This study explores the impact of the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period on dietary habits, lifestyle changes, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among the Italian population, through an online questionnaire, conducted from April to May 2020, involving 1519 participants. The 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) highlighted a medium Mediterranean diet adherence in 73.5% of responders, which principally included the younger population, aged 18-30 years (p < 0.05). In regards to changes in eating habits, 33.5% of responders declared an influence of the pandemic period on nutritional practice. A decrease in alcohol consumption was reported by 81% of responders, while an increase in frozen food consumption was reported by 81.3% of responders. In addition, 58.8% reported positive weight modification (40.8%, +1-3 kg); physical activity reduction was reported for 70.5% of responders. Our study contributes toward amplifying the investigation on the dietary habits and changes of the Italian population during the COVID-19 lockdown, although the pandemic is ongoing. Similar studies should be performed around the world to understand how the emergency has impacted people's habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonio Santonastaso
- Department of Precision Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology Division, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (G.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Gaetano Cotticelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology Division, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (G.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology Division, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (G.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Luigi Castaldo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Kumari A, Rajasekaran K, Ranjan P, Upadhyay AD, Singh A, Kumar Chadda R, Bhatla N. Development of a Questionnaire to Assess the Psychosocial Effects of COVID-19 on Peripartum Women. Cureus 2021; 13:e14270. [PMID: 33954074 PMCID: PMC8091138 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The social and behavioral changes brought about by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have led to adverse consequences on the psychosocial functioning of peripartum women. Therefore, we developed and validated a tool to assess the psychosocial effect of the pandemic among these women. Methods The questionnaire was developed using a scientifically accepted systematic methodology comprising literature search, focus-group discussion (FGD), expert evaluation, pretesting, and validation. Results The final questionnaire consists of 38 questions, and it has a Cronbach's α value of 0.90 and a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.773. Conclusion The questionnaire has good reliability and face, content, and construct validity. It can be used to assess the psychosocial functioning of peripartum women in low middle-income countries and help perinatal mental health specialists to devise strategies to cope with the psychological impact of COVID-19-like pandemics on peripartum women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Keerthana Rajasekaran
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Ashish D Upadhyay
- Statistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Anju Singh
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Rakesh Kumar Chadda
- Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Bhattacharya A, Ranjan P, Kumar A, Brijwal M, Pandey RM, Mahishi N, Baitha U, Pandey S, Mittal A, Wig N. Development and Validation of a Clinical Symptom-based Scoring System for Diagnostic Evaluation of COVID-19 Patients Presenting to Outpatient Department in a Pandemic Situation. Cureus 2021; 13:e13681. [PMID: 33833907 PMCID: PMC8018900 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preventive strategies in the form of early identification and isolation of patients are the cornerstones in the control of COVID-19 pandemic. We have conducted this study to develop a clinical symptom-based scoring system (CSBSS) for the diagnostic evaluation of COVID-19. Methods In this study, 378 patients presenting to screening outpatient clinic with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 were evaluated for various clinical symptoms. Statistical associations between presenting symptoms and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results were analysed to select statistically significant clinical symptoms to design a scoring formula. CSBSS was developed by evaluating clinical symptoms in 70% of the total patients. The cut-off score of the CSBSS was determined from ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curve analysis to obtain a cut-off for optimum sensitivity and specificity. Subsequently, developed CSBSS was validated in the external validation dataset comprising 30% of patients. Results Clinical symptoms like fever >1000F, myalgia, headache, cough and loss of smell had significant association with RT-PCR result. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) for loss of smell, fever >100°F, headache, cough and myalgia were 5.00 (1.78-13.99), 2.05 (1.36-3.07), 1.31 (0.67-2.59), 1.26 (0.70-2.26) and 1.18 (0.50-2.78), respectively. The ROC curve and area under the curve of development and validation datasets were similar. Conclusion The presence of fever >100°F and loss of smell among suspected patients are important clinical predictors for the diagnosis of COVID-19. This newly developed CSBSS is a valid screening tool that can be useful in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected COVID-19. This can be used for the risk stratification of the suspected patients before their RT-PCR results are generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Megha Brijwal
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Ravindra M Pandey
- Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Niranjan Mahishi
- Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Shivam Pandey
- Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Ankit Mittal
- Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Naveet Wig
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Arend AK, Blechert J, Pannicke B, Reichenberger J. Increased Screen Use on Days With Increased Perceived COVID-19-Related Confinements-A Day Level Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. Front Public Health 2021; 8:623205. [PMID: 33634062 PMCID: PMC7902048 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.623205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) quickly evolved into a global pandemic in early 2020, and most countries enforced social confinements to reduce transmission. This seems to dovetail with increasing, potentially problematic, screen use habits, such as gaming and "binge-watching." Yet, the subjective experience of the common confinements may vary not only between individuals depending on age, sex, and living conditions (i.e., living alone) but also within individuals from day to day: confinements might interfere with habitual activity schedules more strongly on some days than on others. Such dynamic confinement experience has not been studied in relation to screen use yet but might guide targeted intervention. Method: In total, 102 participants (n = 83 female, n = 80 university students) completed 14 days of ecological momentary assessment during a COVID-19-related lockdown in Germany and Austria. Each evening, they indicated the extent to which they felt restricted by confinements in their social and work lives and whether they engaged in unusually high and intense levels of television watching, social media use, news consumption, internet surfing, and gaming. They also reported on how much they experienced their day to be structured. Results: Experienced work confinements were positively associated with social media usage. Further, work confinements were positively associated with gaming in males and with news consumption, especially in individuals living alone. Social confinements were positively associated with watching television especially in younger participants and with social media consumption in younger participants. Higher experienced day structure was related to less television watching, gaming, and internet surfing but more news consumption. Discussion: Screen use behaviors increased with higher confinements within person, dependent on sex, age, and living situation. Such knowledge allows tailoring on the person level (who should be addressed?) and the time level (when should interventions be scheduled?) as the negative consequences of excessive screen use behaviors on mental and physical health are well-documented. One potential low-threshold intervention might be day-structuring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Arend
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
The Impact of Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Physical Activity Levels in Adult Students. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lockdown with a prohibition of free mobility introduced in many countries has affected restrictions in physical activity (PA). The purpose of the study was to compare PA during restrictions and the “unfreezing” stage. The study group consisted of 89 healthy adult students. To assess the level of PA, a long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used. The first evaluation was carried out in the period from 16 to 20 April 2020 at the time of the lockdown and the second in the period from 11 to 14 May 2020 during the so-called “unfreezing”. The average total PA rate during the first measurement was 8640 metabolic equivalent (MET)-min/week and in the second, 10,560 MET-min/week. The analysis of total energy expenditure showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.029). The establishment of “unfreezing” laws for sport and recreation and the reduction of restrictions have significantly contributed to an increase in the overall level of PA. Based on our outcomes, we recommend students follow the scientific guidelines for undertaking PA (i.e., WHO) during the pandemic in order to maintain an appropriate pro-healthy dose of exercise.
Collapse
|
57
|
Agarwal A, Ranjan P, Saraswat A, Kasi K, Bharadiya V, Vikram N, Singh A, Upadhyay AD, Baitha U, Klanidhi KB, Chakrawarty A. Are health care workers following preventive practices in the COVID-19 pandemic properly? - A cross-sectional survey from India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:69-75. [PMID: 33310264 PMCID: PMC7719197 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Health care workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of getting infected with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and suboptimal preventive practices have been identified as an important risk factor in this regard. This study was done to evaluate the preventive practices being followed by health care workers and identify reasons for suboptimal compliance. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was done in HCWs belonging to various occupational roles and socio-cultural backgrounds across India through online platforms and telephonic interviews from July 30, 2020 to August 30, 2020. A scientifically designed and pre-validated questionnaire with good validity (CVR = 0.87, S-CVI/Av = 0.978) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.85) was used. RESULTS The responses of 956 participants were analysed. Various suboptimal practices like touching outer surface of masks, lack of social distancing in cafeteria and duty rooms, inability to wash hands for adequate duration and properly follow steps of hand hygiene, inability to don and doff PPE properly, carrying PPE to duty rooms before completely doffing, use of personal mobile phones during duty and improper sleep were identified. Lack of knowledge, long duty hours, shortage of PPE, high patient workload, and casual attitude regarding own safety were identified as important barriers. Resident doctors and paramedical staff in the age group 18-30 years reported lower adherence. CONCLUSIONS Suboptimal compliance in preventive practices like handling PPE, distancing in cafeteria/duty rooms and hand hygiene is not uncommon in HCWs. Certain barriers are identified which should be addressed to ensure adequate safety of HCWs against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Arjun Saraswat
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Keerthana Kasi
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishwesh Bharadiya
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naval Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Datt Upadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Bandhu Klanidhi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Avinash Chakrawarty
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Mazumder A, Bandhu Kalanidhi K, Sarkar S, Ranjan P, Sahu A, Kaur T, Kaur D, Bhattacharya A, Priyadarshini Suna S, Prakash B, Deb KS, Wig N. Psycho-social and behavioural impact of COVID 19 on young adults: Qualitative research comprising focused group discussion and in-depth interviews. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:309-312. [PMID: 33484988 PMCID: PMC7789934 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A qualitative study comprising eight focus group discussions and two in-depth interviews were conducted to explore the social and behavioural changes in young adults during COVID pandemic. Common themes identified were changes in interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships, changes in health-related behaviour, lifestyle modifications and impact on academic and professional life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anamika Sahu
- Student Wellness Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Divjyot Kaur
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Ranjan P, Bhattacharya A, Chakrawarty A, Das R, Kumar A, Pandey S, Chowdhury S, Mittal A, Baitha U, Wig N. Association Between Self-Reported Adherence to Preventive Practices and Probability of Turning COVID-19 Positive: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study. Cureus 2020; 12:e11815. [PMID: 33409060 PMCID: PMC7781500 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preventive practices are the mainstay to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. We tried to assess the self-reported adherence of our participants to the already known preventive practices. Furthermore, we tried to determine whether the non-compliance to specific preventive practices was associated with the acquisition of the infection or not. Methods We enrolled 379 healthcare workers, hospital staff, and their family members who were tested for COVID-19 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in an outpatient clinic. Socio-demography and the infection prevention practices of the individuals were recorded in a preformed questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed to find out the statistical association between these factors and the RT-PCR results. Adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios were determined to find out the degree of protection provided by each of the preventive practices concerning the development of the disease. Results Social distancing (p<0.001), hand hygiene (p<0.001), ensuring N-95 mask fit check (p<0.001), and the use of alternative medications (p=0.002) were found to be protective. Resident doctors were at a lower risk of developing the disease as compared to the other healthcare workers (odds ratio: 0.39). Conclusion The failure to practice the already known preventive practices is probably one of the most important factors in the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic. Adherence to these practices is the intervention of choice to reduce disease transmission in the current scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Ranjan
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | | | | | - Rojaleen Das
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Shivam Pandey
- Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | | | - Ankit Mittal
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Naveet Wig
- Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Chakrawarty A, Ranjan P, Thrinath A, Aggarwal E, Isaac JA, Berry P, Baitha U, Upadhyay AD, Chowdhury S, Kumar A. Assessment of Preventive Practices Followed by General Public During COVID-19 Pandemic - A Cross-Sectional Survey From India. Cureus 2020; 12:e11274. [PMID: 33274149 PMCID: PMC7707894 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives COVID-19 has infected millions of people across the globe, leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths. Currently, there are no vaccines available for COVID-19, and the most effective way to curb its spread is to follow preventive practices. The present study aimed to assess the extent of adoption of preventive practices among the general population in India. Methods A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out recruiting 964 participants from all over India through purposive sampling. A pre-validated questionnaire consisting of 37 questions was used to collect data. Items 1A to 18A covered various preventive practices and items 1B to 19B covered reasons for not following those preventive practices. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted. Results Most participants reported taking precautions such as wearing masks (91.80%), covering both nose and mouth (79.14%) and avoiding hand shaking (83.40%). However, practices like following social distancing in public places (51.76%) and workplace (51.04%), frequent hand washing/sanitising (63.59%) and washing hands for at least 20 seconds (45.44%) were less commonly observed. Participants failed to follow social distancing because of overcrowding and lack of space. They also found it cumbersome to wash hands multiple times. Female participants and people residing in metropolitan and small cities were fairly doing well in following preventive practices. Conclusion The study helped in identifying the glitches in following various preventive practices against COVID-19 during unlock phase and reasons for the failure to perform these practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Arnav Thrinath
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | | | - Joshua A Isaac
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Parul Berry
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | | | | | - Arvind Kumar
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Chopra S, Ranjan P, Singh V, Kumar S, Arora M, Hasan MS, Kasiraj R, Suryansh, Kaur D, Vikram NK, Malhotra A, Kumari A, Klanidhi KB, Baitha U. Impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours- a cross-sectional audit of responses from nine hundred and ninety-five participants from India. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 2020; 14:2021-2030. [PMID: 33099144 PMCID: PMC7537601 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The impact of measures taken to contain COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviour is undefined in Indian population. The current study was undertaken to assess the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours: eating, physical activity and sleep behaviour. METHODS The study is a cross-sectional web-based survey. A validated questionnaire to assess the changes in lifestyle-related behaviour was administered on adults across India using a Google online survey platform. RESULTS A total of 995 responses (58.5% male, mean age 33.3 years) were collected. An improvement in healthy meal consumption pattern and a restriction of unhealthy food items was observed, especially in the younger population (age <30 years). A reduction in physical activity coupled with an increase in daily screen time was found especially among men and in upper-socio-economic strata. Quarantine induced stress and anxiety showed an increase by a unit in nearly one-fourth of the participants. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 marginally improved the eating behaviour, yet one-third of participants gained weight as physical activity declined significantly coupled with an increase in screen and sitting time. Mental health was also adversely affected. A detailed understanding of these factors can help to develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Chopra
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vishwajeet Singh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Suraj Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehak Arora
- All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rhytha Kasiraj
- All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Suryansh
- All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Divjyot Kaur
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, India
| | - Naval K Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Malhotra
- Department of Home Science, Lakshmibai College University of Delhi, India
| | - Archana Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Bandhu Klanidhi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|