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Li Y, Wang D, Liu J, Li Y, Chen D, Zhou L, Lang T, Zhou Q. Baicalin Attenuates YAP Activity to Suppress Ovarian Cancer Stemness. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:7151-7163. [PMID: 32801747 PMCID: PMC7386807 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s254607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to reveal the mechanism underlying baicalin-suppressing ovarian cancer stemness. Methods OVCAR-3 and the primary ovarian cancer cells were used for cell model. The ovarian cancer stem cells were isolated by suspension culture. Cell viability and clonogenicity were examined by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. The self-renewal of the cells was evaluated by the determination of sphere-forming capacity and the frequency of in vitro sphere-forming and in vivo tumor-initiating cells. The mRNA and protein levels were relatively quantified by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The transcription regulation of target genes was tested by luciferase reporter assay and a modified nuclear rn-on qRT-PCR assay. Results Treatment with a non-toxic dose of baicalin significantly inhibited the spherogenicity of ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, a non-toxic dose of baicalin treatment suppressed the frequency of sphere-forming and tumor-initiating ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the expression of ovarian cancer stem cell markers (CD133 and ALDH1A1) was inhibited by a non-toxic dose of baicalin treatment. Baicalin inhibits YAP activity and suppresses RASSF6, a positive regulator of YAP, at the transcriptional level. Overexpression of both YAP and RASSF6 abolished the inhibitory effect of baicalin on the proliferation and stemness of ovarian cancer cells. Conclusion The results in this study demonstrated that baicalin suppresses the stemness of ovarian cancer cells by attenuating YAP activity via inhibiting RASSF6 at the transcriptional level. This finding revealed baicalin as a novel YAP inhibitor that could serve as an anti-cancer drug for eradicating ovarian cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshu Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhe Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Duke Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Tingyuan Lang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
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Li J, Lin X, Liu X, Ma Z, Li Y. Baicalin regulates Treg/Th17 cell imbalance by inhibiting autophagy in allergic rhinitis. Mol Immunol 2020; 125:162-171. [PMID: 32688118 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baicalin has many biological properties such as anti-oxidation and anti-allergy. The current study aimed to explore the effect of Baicalin on allergic rhinitis (AR) and its potential mechanism of action. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Expression levels of Th17 and Treg cells-related proteins in nasal mucosa and peripheral blood cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR, flow cytometry and Western blot. The mice were randomly divided into Control, ovalbumin (OVA), l-Baicalin, H-Baicalin, DSGC, 3-MA, and H-Baicalin + Rapa groups. Changes of allergic rhinitis conditions and eosinophil infiltration of the mice were detected and scored by Diff-Quik staining, and histological changes were observed by Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining and Periodate Schiff (PAS) staining. Serological changes, expression levels of interleukin-17A (IL-17A), interleukin-10 (IL-10), eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and anti-OVA-specific antibodies were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Clinical case analysis found that AR patients had a Th17/Treg imbalance and activated autophagy, however, Baicalin restored Th17/Treg cell balance and inhibited autophagy in vitro. in vivo experiments demonstrated that Baicalin inhibited OVA-induced allergic nasal symptoms and the activation of autophagy pathway, which was the same as the regulation of 3-MA, while Rapa could weaken the effects of H-baicalin. Moreover, Baicalin reduced the infiltration of different inflammatory cells of the nasal lavage fluid, prevented the damages to epithelial cells, and improved nasal mucosal thickness and mucus secretion. In addition, Baicalin regulated the balance of mouse anti-OVA-specific antibody levels and expressions of Th17/Treg-associated cytokines. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that Baicalin can be used to treat AR, and the effect is realized through inhibiting autophagy to regulate Th17/Treg cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310006, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310006, China
| | - Zhiqi Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310006, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310006, China.
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Zeng A, Liang X, Zhu S, Liu C, Luo X, Zhang Q, Song L. Baicalin, a Potent Inhibitor of NF-κB Signaling Pathway, Enhances Chemosensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells to Docetaxel and Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastasis Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:879. [PMID: 32625089 PMCID: PMC7311669 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-cancer activity and sensibilization of baicalin (BA) against breast cancer (BC) cells. Methods The anti-proliferation of BA in BC cell lines was evaluated by MTT and colony formation assays. Apoptotic induction of BA was measured by flow cytometry. Wound-healing and transwell assays were exploited to assess migrated and invasive inhibition of BA. Western-blot and immunofluorescence were used to study mechanisms of anti-migration and sensibilization of BA. Anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of BA were evaluated in subcutaneous and pulmonary metastasis mouse model of BC cells. Results BA significantly suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of BC cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, BA induced cell apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated pathway, as evidenced by cellular induction of reactive oxygen species and upregulated expression of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The overall expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB signaling pathway in BC cells were dramatically inhibited by treatment with BA. BA significantly suppressed abilities of migration and invasion in BC cells. Notably, BA sensitized BC cells to docetaxel (DXL) by suppressing the expression of survivin/Bcl-2. BA also retarded tumor growth and triggered apoptosis of tumor cells in a tumor mouse model of 4T1 cells. Furthermore, pulmonary metastasis of BC cells was distinctly suppressed by BA in a tumor mouse model of 4T1 cells. Conclusion BA effectively triggered apoptosis, inhibited metastasis, and enhanced chemosensitivity of BC, implying that BA might serve as a promising agent for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zeng
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology and Clinical Application of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Liang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaomi Zhu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chi Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Luo
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Zheng XP, Nie Q, Feng J, Fan XY, Jin YL, Chen G, Du JW. Kidney-targeted baicalin-lysozyme conjugate ameliorates renal fibrosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:174. [PMID: 32398108 PMCID: PMC7216346 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes, and is the most important cause of death for diabetic patients. Baicalin (BAI) has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities, which play a role in attenuating insulin resistance and protecting the kidney. Moreover, cell-specific targeting of renal tubular cells is an approach to enhance drug accumulation in the kidney. METHODS Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. A diabetes model was created using streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally injection. The four groups included: Control group (n = 10), DN (n = 15), BAI treatment (BAI; n = 10) and BAI-LZM treatment (BAI-LZM; n = 10) groups. In the current study, the renoprotection and anti-fibrotic effects of BAI-lysozyme (LZM) conjugate were further investigated in rats with DN induced by STZ compared with BAI treatment alone. RESULTS The results suggest that BAI-LZM better ameliorates renal impairment, metabolic disorder and renal fibrosis than BAI alone in rats with DN, and the potential regulatory mechanism likely involves inhibiting inflammation via the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, inhibiting extracellular matrix accumulation via the transforming growth factor-β/Smad3 pathway and regulating cell proliferation via the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1/IGF-1 receptor/p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. BAI and the kidney-targeted BAI-LZM can utilize the body's cytoprotective pathways to reactivate autophagy (as indicated by the autophagy markers mechanistic target of rapamycin and sirtuin 1 to ameliorate DN outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the traditional use of S. baicalensis as an important anti-DN traditional chinese medicine (TCM), and BAI, above all BAI-LZM, is a promising source for the identification of molecules with anti-DN effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Zheng
- Department of basic medical sciences, Taizhou University hospital, Taizhou University, No 1139 Shifu Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, No 148 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Qing Nie
- Weifang centers for disease control and prevention, No 4801 Huixian Road, Gaoxin Distric, Weifang, 261061, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of basic medical sciences, Taizhou University hospital, Taizhou University, No 1139 Shifu Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, No 148 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Fan
- Department of basic medical sciences, Taizhou University hospital, Taizhou University, No 1139 Shifu Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Yue-Lei Jin
- Department of basic medical sciences, Taizhou University hospital, Taizhou University, No 1139 Shifu Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of basic medical sciences, Taizhou University hospital, Taizhou University, No 1139 Shifu Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, China.
| | - Ji-Wei Du
- Nursing department, Xiang'An Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Jiang M, Li Z, Zhu G. Immunological regulatory effect of flavonoid baicalin on innate immune toll-like receptors. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104890. [PMID: 32389860 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As an essential component of the innate immune system, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of well-recognized ligand-binding receptors found in various organisms and initiate host immune responses. Activation of TLRs signaling pathways lead to the induction of numerous genes that function in host defense. Baicalin is a natural compound from the dry raw root of Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) and it has been found to exhibit several pharmaceutical actions, such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and antivirus. These biological activities are mainly related to the regulatory effect of baicalin on the host immune response. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulation of baicalin on TLRs signaling pathways in various pathological conditions, and highlight potential targets for the development of the regulatory effect of natural compound from traditional Chinese medicine on innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zhuoneng Li
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxun Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Ishfaq M, Chen C, Bao J, Zhang W, Wu Z, Wang J, Liu Y, Tian E, Hamid S, Li R, Ding L, Li J. Baicalin ameliorates oxidative stress and apoptosis by restoring mitochondrial dynamics in the spleen of chickens via the opposite modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway during Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6296-6310. [PMID: 31376349 PMCID: PMC8913776 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection produces a profound inflammatory response in the respiratory tract and evade birds' immune recognition to establish a chronic infection. Previous reports documented that the flavonoid baicalin possess potent anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. However, whether baicalin prevent immune dysfunction is largely unknown. In the present study, the preventive effects of baicalin were determined on oxidative stress generation and apoptosis in the spleen of chickens infected with MG. Histopathological examination showed abnormal morphological changes including cell hyperplasia, lymphocytes depletion, and the red and white pulp of spleen were not clearly visible in the model group. Oxidative stress-related parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the model group. However, baicalin treatment significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated oxidative stress and partially alleviated the abnormal morphological changes in the chicken spleen compared to model group. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick endlabeling assay results, mRNA, and protein expression levels of mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes showed that baicalin significantly attenuated apoptosis. Moreover, baicalin restored the mRNA expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related genes and maintain the balance between mitochondrial inner and outer membranes. Intriguingly, the protective effects of baicalin were associated with the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway and suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in the spleen of chicken. In summary, these findings indicated that baicalin promoted mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and effectively prevents oxidative stress and apoptosis in the splenocytes of chickens infected with MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishfaq
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Chunli Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Bao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Erjie Tian
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Sattar Hamid
- Department of Animal health, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Rui Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Liangjun Ding
- College of life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jichang Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Hu G, Zhang Z, Song R. Elevated system exposures of baicalin after combinatory oral administration of rhein and baicalin: Mainly related to breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2), not UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112528. [PMID: 31884038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription follows the principle of compatibility (peiwu) to achieve the fundamental purpose: to increase efficacy and reduce toxicity. Rhei rhizoma, commonly known as Chinese rhubarb, is the most frequently used herb with Radix Scutellariaee. This classic fixed compatibility is considered for heat-clearing, qi regulation and detoxifying to gain better efficacy and reduce cytotoxicity with respect to unilateral medicine. With this in mind, we propose it is highly promising to find ingredients in rhubarb to increase the bioavailability of baicalin. AIM OF STUDY In the present study, effect of rhien on pharmacokinetic profile of baicalin in rat plasma was investigated, and the underlying mechanisms were partly dissected through intestinal absorption, metabolism and biliary excretion with in vivo, in vitro and in situ assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats was first performed to provide a general overview of the in vivo exposure of baicalin and rhein after co-administration, while the biliary excretion study provided insight to the effect of rhein on the transport of baicalin from hepatocytes to bile. In vitro incubation and inhibition studies in human/rat liver microsome and human/rat intestinal S9 fraction were conducted to elucidate the role of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) on the hepatic and intestinal metabolism of baicalein (the aglycone of baicalin), and to determine whether rhein can affect the UGT-mediated glucuronidation of baicalein. In situ intestinal perfusion study was designed to investigate the effect of rhein on intestinal absorption of baicalin, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitor was co-perfused as positive control to demonstrate the role of the efflux transporter, while BCRP-MDCK II cell(Madin-Daby canine kidney cell) model was used as an in vitro approach to further confirm the conclusion. RESULTS The AUC and Cmax of baicalin were increased to 189.93% and 305.73%, respectively, and the clearance of baicalin was significantly decreased from 4.17 ± 2.40 to 1.65 ± 0.79 L/h/kg following oral co-administration of rhein. The AUC of baicalin was markedly increased and the biliary clearance was significantly decreased when baicalin and rhein were co-administered intravenously. The effect of rhein on the glucuronidation of baicalein in various subcellular fractions was examined, and it was found that rhein did not affect the UGT-mediated glucuronidation of baicalein. Results of in situ intestinal perfusion revealed that co-perfusion with Ko143 (a potent BCRP inhibitor) or rhein significantly reduced the cumulative excretion amount of baicalin, from 9.27 ± 2.79 to 2.80 ± 0.97 or 4.84 ± 0.60 nM, respectively. Additionally, the efflux ratio Papp(BL-AP)/Papp(AP-BL) of baicalin in BCRP-MDCK II was decreased significantly in the presence of rhein or Ko143, which meant rhein could inhibit the BCRP-mediated efflux transport of baicalin. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that rhein can increase the bioavailability of baicalin by inhibiting BCRP-mediated efflux transport of baicalin in enterocytes and hepatocytes rather than by affecting the activity of UGT enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Analysis Center, Hubei Bio-Pharmaceutical Industrial Technological Institute Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430075, China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Guangnan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Shi H, Zhang Y, Xing J, Liu L, Qiao F, Li J, Chen Y. Baicalin attenuates hepatic injury in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis cell model by suppressing inflammasome-dependent GSDMD-mediated cell pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106195. [PMID: 32028242 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin (BA), a flavone glycoside, is the constituent of Scutellaria baicalensis, a Chinese herbal medicine used to treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanism of BA on NASH is still not clear. Here, the improving effect of BA on hepatocyte through inhibition of pyroprosis was investigated in vitro. With a cell model of NASH exposing HepG2 cells in free fatty acids (FFA), we revealed that BA could improve hepatocyte from FFA-induced morphological damage and death. And then through transcriptomes screening, a significant down-regulation of NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3), gasdermin D (Gsdmd), andinterleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) expression were found after BA treatment. Further analysis confirmed that BA could decrease the levels of NLRP3 and GSDMD, as well as the release of IL-1β and IL-18, resulting in the reduction of pyroptosis. Moreover, the improving effect of BA could be attenuated by Gsdmd knockdown. In conclusion, BA can reduce pyroptosis of hepatocyte by blocking NLRP3-GSDMD signaling in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Shi
- Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanliang Zhang
- Nanjing Hospital of TCM, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Qiao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Nanoparticle-Mediated Dual Targeting: An Approach for Enhanced Baicalin Delivery to the Liver. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020107. [PMID: 32013203 PMCID: PMC7076551 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, water-soluble chitosan lactate (CL) was reacted with lactobionic acid (LA), a disaccharide with remarkable affinity to hepatic asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptors, to form dual liver-targeting LA-modified-CL polymer for site-specific drug delivery to the liver. The synthesized polymer was used to encapsulate baicalin (BA), a promising bioactive flavonoid with pH-dependent solubility, into ultrahigh drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) via the ionic gelation method. The successful chemical conjugation of LA with CL was tested and the formulated drug-loaded LA-modified-CL-NPs were assessed in terms of particle size (PS), encapsulation efficiency (EE) and zeta potential (ZP) using full factorial design. The in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the designed NPs were assessed using 99mTc-radiolabeled BA following oral administration to mice and results were compared to 99mTc-BA-loaded-LA-free-NPs and 99mTc-BA solution as controls. Results showed that the chemical modification of CL with LA was successfully achieved and the method of preparation of the optimized NPs was very efficient in encapsulating BA into nearly spherical particles with an extremely high EE exceeding 90%. The optimized BA-loaded-LA-modified-CL-NPs showed an average PS of 490 nm, EE of 93.7% and ZP of 48.1 mV. Oral administration of 99mTc-BA-loaded-LA-modified-CL-NPs showed a remarkable increase in BA delivery to the liver over 99mTc-BA-loaded-LA-free-CL-NPs and 99mTc-BA oral solution. The mean area under the curve (AUC0-24) estimates from liver data were determined to be 11-fold and 26-fold higher from 99mTc-BA-loaded-LA-modified-CL-NPs relative to 99mTc-BA-loaded-LA-free-CL-NPs and 99mTc-BA solution respectively. In conclusion, the outcome of this study highlights the great potential of using LA-modified-CL-NPs for the ultrahigh encapsulation of therapeutic molecules with pH-dependent/poor water-solubility and for targeting the liver.
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Zakki SA, Muhammad JS, Li JL, Sun L, Li ML, Feng QW, Li YL, Cui ZG, Inadera H. Melatonin triggers the anticancer potential of phenylarsine oxide via induction of apoptosis through ROS generation and JNK activation. Metallomics 2020; 12:396-407. [PMID: 31959998 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00238c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a safe endogenous hormone and a natural supplement, has recently been recognized to have antiproliferative effects and the ability to sensitize cells to other anticancer therapies. Phenylarsine oxide (PAO) has anticancer potential but it is considered as a toxic agent. In this study we combined melatonin to reduce the toxicity while securing the anti-cancer effects of PAO. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, whereas cytotoxic assays were performed using an LDH cytotoxicity assay kit. Cell cycle analysis, Annexin V/PI staining, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were analyzed using flow cytometry. Sytox stained cells were visualized by fluorescence microscopy and the expression of proteins was detected by western blotting. Melatonin increased the anticancer potential of PAO by decreasing the cell viability and increasing LDH release in various cancer cells. The mode of cell death was determined to be typical apoptosis, as evidenced by Annexin V/PI-stained cells, PARP cleavage, and caspase-3 activation, and with significant modulations in the expression of proapoptotic, antiapoptotic and cell cycle-related proteins. ROS generation played a critical role in induction of cell death by this combined treatment, which is validated by reversal of cytotoxicity upon cotreatment with NAC. Furthermore, the activation of MAPKs, especially JNK, contributed to the induction of cell death, accompanied by endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, affirmed by the abrogation of cytotoxicity after JNK-IN-8 and TUDCA application. Melatonin showed promising potential as a chemotherapeutic agent in combination with PAO to achieve a better anticancer response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Ahmad Zakki
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Gao Z, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Lv J. Baicalein inhibits the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by downregulating the expression of transcription factor Sp1. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:273-282. [PMID: 31746368 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common malignancy of the oral cavity, accounts for >90% of all diagnosed oral cancer cases. Baicalein, a naturally derived compound, has been shown to alter p65 and the nuclear factor (NF)‑κB pathway, thus exerting cytotoxic effects on various tumor cell types. However, the mechanism of action of baicalein in OSCC has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the proliferation of OSCC cells treated with baicalein was examined using a CCK‑8 assay. The effects of baicalein on the cell cycle and apoptosis of OSCC cells were determined by flow cytometric analyses. The expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), p65 and p50 at the mRNA and protein levels was determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrated that baicalein suppresses the proliferation of OSCC cell lines in vivo and in vitro. Baicalein also induced apoptosis of OSCC cells and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Baicalein inhibited the expression of Sp1, p65 and p50 by downregulating the relative mRNA levels. Baicalein reduced the activity of NF‑κB in OSCC cells. Knockdown of Sp1 also resulted in reduced expression of p65 and p50. In addition, Sp1 silencing enhanced the effects of baicalein. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that baicalein suppresses the growth of OSCC cells through an Sp1/NF‑κB‑dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Gao
- Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lv
- Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Mo F, Ma J, Zhang P, Zhang D, Fan H, Yang X, Zhi L, Zhang J. Solubility and thermodynamic properties of baicalein in water and ethanol mixtures from 283.15 to 328.15 K. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1700116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Jia Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Zhi
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
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Maltosyl-β-cyclodextrin mediated SupramolecularHost-Guest inclusion complex used for enhancing baicalin antioxidant activity and bioavailability. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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64
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Li J, Qiao Z, Hu W, Zhang W, Shah SWA, Ishfaq M. Baicalin mitigated Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced structural damage and attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis in chicken thymus through the Nrf2/HO-1 defence pathway. Vet Res 2019; 50:83. [PMID: 31639045 PMCID: PMC6805401 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ and plays a critical role in the immune response against infectious agents. Baicalin is a naturally derived flavonoid famous for its pharmacological properties, but the preventive effects of baicalin against immune impairment remain unclear. We examined this effect in the context of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection-induced structural damage in the chicken thymus. Histopathological examination showed that the compact arrangement of cells in the thymus was lost in the MG-infected group. Inflammatory cell infiltration and nuclear debris accumulated, and the boundary between the cortex and medulla was not clearly visible. The mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-related genes were significantly increased in the MG-infected group compared to the control group and the baicalin group. The number of positively stained nuclei in the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay were increased in the MG-infected group. In addition, electron microscopic examination showed chromatin condensation, mitochondrial swelling and apoptotic vesicles in the MG-infected group. However, baicalin treatment significantly alleviated the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by MG infection. Importantly, the abnormal morphology was partially ameliorated by baicalin treatment. Compared to the MG-infected group, the baicalin-treated group showed significantly reduced expression of apoptosis-related genes at both the mRNA and protein levels. Meanwhile, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway and downstream genes were significantly upregulated by baicalin to counteract MG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the thymocytes of chickens. In summary, these findings suggest that baicalin treatment efficiently attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway and could protect the thymus from MG infection-mediated structural and functional damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichang Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zujian Qiao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.,Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Wanying Hu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Syed Waqas Ali Shah
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Ishfaq M, Zhang W, Hu W, Waqas Ali Shah S, Liu Y, Wang J, Wu Z, Ahmad I, Li J. Antagonistic Effects Of Baicalin On Mycoplasma gallisepticum-Induced Inflammation And Apoptosis By Restoring Energy Metabolism In The Chicken Lungs. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3075-3089. [PMID: 31632098 PMCID: PMC6781171 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s223085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Baicalin possesses potential anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the preventive effects of baicalin against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)-induced inflammation, apoptosis and energy metabolism dysfunction in chicken lungs. Methods Experimental chickens were randomly divided into 1) control group, 2) MG infection group, 3) MG-infected group treated with baicalin at a dose of 450 mg/kg and 4) baicalin alone treated group (450 mg/kg). After 7 days of post-treatment, serum and lung tissues were collected for different experimental analyses. The hallmarks of inflammation, apoptosis and energy metabolism dysfunction were detected by histological and ultrastructural examination, qRT-PCR, Western blotting and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL) assay. Results The level of serum inflammatory markers were increased with MG infection. Histological and ultrastructural analysis showed excessive inflammatory cells infiltrates, alveolar wall thickening, hemorrhages, mitochondrial and nuclear damage, including mitochondrial swelling and condensation of DNA in the lungs of chickens infected with MG. TUNEL assay positive-stained nuclei were significantly increased in MG infection group. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression level of energy metabolism-related genes and ATPase activities were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, MG-induced morphological and ultrastructural changes were partially disappeared with baicalin-treatment, and the level of serum inflammatory markers were significantly reduced. It has been noted that baicalin significantly attenuated MG-induced inflammation and apoptosis in the chicken lungs through the suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B and reduced extensive positive-stained apoptotic nuclei. More importantly, ATPase activities and mRNA and protein expression level of energy metabolism-related genes were significantly improved with baicalin-treatment in the lungs of chickens infected with MG. Conclusion Conclusively, it has been suggested from these results that baicalin-treatment efficiently prevented MG-induced inflammation, apoptosis and energy metabolism dysfunction in the chicken lungs and provide basis for new therapeutic targets to control MG infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishfaq
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Hu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Syed Waqas Ali Shah
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25130, Pakistan
| | - Jichang Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
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Lu L, Zhang M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chai Z, Ying M, Guan J, Gong W, Zhao Z, Liu L, Hu Y, Lu W, Dong J. Baicalein enhances the antitumor efficacy of docetaxel on nonsmall cell lung cancer in a β-catenin-dependent manner. Phytother Res 2019; 34:104-117. [PMID: 31515889 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The side effects of docetaxel have limited its antitumor performances in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To address the problem, baicalein, a bioactive flavone that exhibits antitumor activity, was combined with docetaxel so as to achieve better efficacy and lower toxicity. The combination treatment enhanced the stabilization of microtubules and halted the cell-cycle progression, thus synergistically inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis of A549 cells and Lewis lung carcinoma cells. The decreased expression of Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 and Cyclin B1 confirmed its regulation in cell cycle, with β-catenin being an important upstream effector, as evidenced by the decreased expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus as well as the attenuated aggregation in the nucleus. Furthermore, baicalein plus docetaxel evinced better antitumor efficacy by the suppressed tumor growth, increased apoptosis, and decreased tumor angiogenesis in vivo, with no increased toxicity discovered in both tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing mice, and an improvement in therapeutic index. This study has demonstrated that baicalein plus docetaxel is an appropriate combination simultaneously with augmented antitumor efficacy and acceptable safety, which might be a promising strategy for patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilan Chai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Ying
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyi Gong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengxiao Zhao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lumei Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Baicalin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via the activation of the Nrf2-mediated HO-1 signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1421-1433. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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68
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Liu R, Li X, Wei J, Liu S, Chang Y, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Fuhr U, Taubert M, Tian X. A Single Dose of Baicalin Has No Clinically Significant Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Cyclosporine A in Healthy Chinese Volunteers. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:518. [PMID: 31156436 PMCID: PMC6528491 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its narrow therapeutic window and large interindividual variability, cyclosporine A (CsA) is the first-line therapy following organ transplantation. Metabolized mainly by CYP3A and being a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), CsA is susceptible to drug–drug interactions. Baicalin (BG) is a drug used for adjuvant therapy of hepatitis in traditional Chinese medicine. Since its aglycone baicalein (B) inhibits CYP3A and P-gP, co-administration might affect CsA pharmacokinetics. This study investigated the effect of BG on CsA pharmacokinetics. In a two-period study, 16 healthy volunteers received a single 200 mg oral CsA dose alone (reference period) or in combination with 500 mg BG (test period). Pharmacokinetic evaluation of CsA was carried out using non-compartmental analysis (NCA) and population pharmacokinetics (popPK). Treatments were compared using the standard bioequivalence method. Based on NCA, 90% CIs of AUC and Cmax test-to-reference ratios were within bioequivalence boundaries. In the popPK analysis, a two-compartment model (clearance/F 62.8 L/h, central and peripheral volume of distribution/F 254 L and 388 L) with transit compartments for absorption appropriately described CsA concentrations. No clinically relevant effect of 500 mg BG co-administration on CsA pharmacokinetics was identified and both treatments were well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jingyao Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuaibing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Uwe Fuhr
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Taubert
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhao Z, Liu B, Sun J, Lu L, Liu L, Qiu J, Li Q, Yan C, Jiang S, Mohammadtursun N, Ma W, Li M, Dong J, Gong W. Scutellaria Flavonoids Effectively Inhibit the Malignant Phenotypes of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in an Id1-dependent Manner. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1500-1513. [PMID: 31337979 PMCID: PMC6643150 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) is overexpressed in NSCLC and involved in promoting its progression and metastasis. Identifying natural compounds targeting Id1 may have utility in NSCLC treatment. Here, we sought to determine whether the anti-tumor activities of Scutellaria flavonoids (SFs) were related to Id1. We reported that three SFs (baicalin, baicalein and wogonin) exhibited strong antitumor activity in NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Id1 played a pivotal role on blockage of migration and invasion by SFs. Abrogation of invasion and migration mediated by baicalin, baicalein and wogonin were totally abolished by ectopic overexpression of Id1. Mechanistically, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin activated Rap1-GTP binding and dephosphorylated Akt and Src by suppressing a7nAChR, consequently triggering inhibition of Id1. Then attenuation of its downstream mediators, VEGF-A, N-cadherin, vimentin, combined with augment of E-cadherin led to the blockage of proliferation, EMT and angiogenesis of NSCLC. Overall, our data shed light on heretofore-undescribed role of SFs as modulators of Id1, which may be a useful strategy in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Zhao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Baojun Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Linwei Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lumei Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qiuping Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Nabijan Mohammadtursun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Department of dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mihui Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiyi Gong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Zhao Z, Liu B, Sun J, Lu L, Liu L, Qiu J, Li Q, Yan C, Jiang S, Mohammadtursun N, Ma W, Li M, Dong J, Gong W. Baicalein Inhibits Orthotopic Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Xenografts via Src/Id1 Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:9806062. [PMID: 30949224 PMCID: PMC6425425 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9806062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) is the member mostly linked to tumorigenesis in Id family and a potential molecular target in cancer therapy. In the current study, we established an orthotopic lung cancer model by injecting athymic nude mice with A549 cells and evaluated the antitumor effect of baicalein and expression of Id1-related proteins in vivo and in vitro. Micro-CT images showed that tumor volume in baicalein group was significantly reduced. Western blot analysis revealed that baicalein suppressed the expression of Id1 protein, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related molecules (N-Cadherin, vimentin), and angiogenesis related protein (VEGF-A), accompanied by upregulation of epithelial markers (such as E-cadherin). In addition, phosphorylation of upstream molecular Src was significantly restrained after baicalein treatment. This study firstly demonstrates that baicalein inhibits tumor growth in orthotopic human NSCLC xenografts via targeting Src/Id1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Zhao
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Baojun Liu
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Sun
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Linwei Lu
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lumei Liu
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jian Qiu
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qiuping Li
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chen Yan
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Nabijan Mohammadtursun
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Department of dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Mihui Li
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Weiyi Gong
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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Zhang Z, Ma G, Xue C, Sun H, Wang Z, Xiang X, Cai W. Establishment of rat liver microsome-hydrogel system for in vitro phase II metabolism and its application to study pharmacological effects of UGT substrates. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 34:141-147. [PMID: 30744936 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the efficacy evaluation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) substrates often ignore the existence of active metabolites. However, the present study aims to establish an in-vitro Phase II metabolism system to predict their pharmacological effects after metabolism. Rat liver microsomes (RLMs) encapsulated in a F127'-Acr-Bis (FAB) hydrogel were placed in the incubation system. Baicalein (BA) was chosen as a model drug and the metabolic activity was investigated by quantitating the metabolite Baicalin (BG). The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure the cell viability in Traditional cell culture system (TCCS) and Microsome-hydrogel added to cell culture system for Phase II metabolism (MHCCS-II). Finally, MHCCS-II was applied to predict the metabolic effects of Oroxylin A (OA) and Wogonin (W). Compared to TCCS group, for HepG2 and MCF-7 cells, BA in MHCCS-II led to lower survival ratios of cells (P < 0.05), while for PC12 cells it led to higher survival ratios of cells (P < 0.01). For HepG2 cells, OA and W showed obviously enhanced tumor inhibition after metabolism with the IC50 of 32.7 ± 2.9 μM and 76.1 ± 5.1 μM, respectively (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the MHCCS-II could be a useful tool for studying the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of UGTs substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guo Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Caifu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziteng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Weimin Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Shi L, Wu Y, LV DL, Feng L. Scutellarein selectively targets multiple myeloma cells by increasing mitochondrial superoxide production and activating intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2109-2118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Lu L, Zhao Z, Liu L, Gong W, Dong J. Combination of baicalein and docetaxel additively inhibits the growth of non-small cell lung cancer in vivo. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900018500131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the combination of baicalein and docetaxel on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vivo. Methods: The subcutaneous model was established by inoculation of A549 cells, and then these tumor-bearing mice were randomly assigned to eight groups to receive normal saline (NS) as control, baicalein alone, Taxotere[Formula: see text] (docetaxel injection) alone or the combination of baicalein and Taxotere[Formula: see text]. The effect of the combination treatment was evaluated by [Formula: see text] value. Tumors were harvested for TUNEL and CD31 immunohistochemical staining and important organs for H&E staining. Results: Baicalein 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg plus docetaxel 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg significantly reduced tumor weight and inhibited the growth rate of tumor, displaying the additive effect indicated by the [Formula: see text] value. Increased apoptosis and decreased tumor angiogenesis also provided pathological evidence. Additionally, baicalein 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg plus docetaxel 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg did not increase toxicity in lung, liver and kidney. Conclusion: Baicalein 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg plus docetaxel 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg additively inhibits the growth of NSCLC in vivo, and the mechanism underlying remains to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxiao Zhao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lumei Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Gong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Zhu Y, Fang J, Wang H, Fei M, Tang T, Liu K, Niu W, Zhou Y. Baicalin suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion in human glioblastoma cells via Ca 2+-dependent pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3247-3261. [PMID: 30323558 PMCID: PMC6173175 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s176403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective Baicalin, a kind of flavonoid extracted from the dry root of Scutellaria, possesses potent anticancer bioactivities in various tumor cell lines. Accumulating evidences show that baicalin induces autophagy and apoptosis to suppress the cancer growth. Moreover, the antineoplastic role of baicalin in human glioblastoma cells remains to be uncovered. Methods Both U87 and U251 human glioblastoma cell lines were employed in the present study. Cell viability was tested by Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony-forming assay; Flow cytometry was employed to analyze cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and Ca2+ content. Cell immunofluorescence assays were used for analyzing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), light chain 3 beta (LC3B), 5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanineiodide (JC-1), and Ca2+ content. The protein levels were tested by Western blot. The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results Baicalin suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of human glioblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Baicalin induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and led to mitochondrial apoptosis. The maturation of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-LC3B indicated the activation of autophagy potentially through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine decreased the apoptotic cell ratio. Besides, baicalin increased the intercellular Ca2+ content; meanwhile, chelation of free Ca2+ by 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid inhibited both apoptotic and autophagy. Finally, baicalin suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Our observations suggest that baicalin exerts cytotoxic effects on human glioblastoma cells by the autophagy-related apoptosis through Ca2+ movement to the cytosol. Furthermore, baicalin has the potential as a candidate for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China,
| | - Jiang Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China,
| | - Maoxing Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China,
| | - Kaichao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenhao Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China,
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Albuquerque KRS, Pacheco NM, del Rosario Loyo Casao T, de Melo FCSA, Novaes RD, Gonçalves RV. Applicability of Plant Extracts in Preclinical Studies of Melanoma: A Systematic Review. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6797924. [PMID: 30147443 PMCID: PMC6083739 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6797924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and arises from melanocyte gene mutation. This disease is multifactorial, but its main cause is the excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Currently, available chemotherapy has shown little expressive results, which may justify the high use of natural products to treat this cancer. We performed a systematic review to compile the results of studies carried out in murine models and investigated the effect of plant extracts on melanoma treatment. Papers were selected in MEDLINE/Pubmed and Scopus according to the PRISM statement. Search filters were developed using three parameters: plant extract, melanoma, and animal model. The 35 identified studies were all submitted to the criteria described in the ARRIVE guidelines. The different extracts showed antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, and also proved to be effective in cell cycle modulation and apoptosis evasion. Bias analysis evidenced the absence of standardized experimental designs, as well as failures in statistical tests and in the presentation of results. The analysis of the studies suggests that the use of plant extracts is effective for the treatment of melanoma in murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nívea Maria Pacheco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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Haider M, Hassan MA, Ahmed IS, Shamma R. Thermogelling Platform for Baicalin Delivery for Versatile Biomedical Applications. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3478-3488. [PMID: 29953815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin (BG) is a natural glycoside with several promising therapeutic and preventive applications. However, its pharmaceutical potential is compromised by its poor water solubility, complex oral absorption kinetics, and low bioavailability. In this work, BG was incorporated in a series of chitosan (Ch)/glycerophosphate (GP)-based thermosensitive hydrogel formulations to improve its water solubility and control its release profile. Molecular interactions between BG and GP were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the ability of GP to enhance the water solubility of BG was studied in different release media. Drug-loaded Ch/GP hydrogels were prepared and characterized for their gelation time, swelling ratio, and rheological properties in addition to surface and internal microstructure. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) were incorporated in the formulations at different ratios to study their effect on modulating the sol-gel behavior and the in vitro drug release. In vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were carried out using a rabbit model to study the ability of drug-loaded Ch/GP thermosensitive hydrogels to control the absorption rate and improve the bioavailability of BG. Results showed that the solubility of BG was enhanced in the presence of GP, while the incorporation of PEG and/or HPMC had an impact on gelation time, rheological behavior, and rate of drug release in vitro. PK results obtained following buccal application of drug-loaded Ch/GP thermosensitive hydrogels to rabbits showed that the rate of BG absorption was controlled and the in vivo bioavailability was increased by 330% relative to BG aqueous oral suspension. The proposed Ch/GP thermosensitive hydrogel is an easily modifiable delivery platform that is not only capable of improving the solubility and bioavailability of BG following buccal administration but also can be suited for various local and injectable therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy , University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo 11562 , Egypt
| | - Mariame A Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy , University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo 11562 , Egypt
| | - Iman S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy , University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , United Arab Emirates
| | - Rehab Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo 11562 , Egypt
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Protective role of flavonoid baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis in periodontal disease pathogenesis: A literature review. Complement Ther Med 2018; 38:11-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Shi L, Hao Z, Zhang S, Wei M, Lu B, Wang Z, Ji L. Baicalein and baicalin alleviate acetaminophen-induced liver injury by activating Nrf2 antioxidative pathway: The involvement of ERK1/2 and PKC. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:9-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Flavonoids Effects on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Murine Models: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6328970. [PMID: 29681978 PMCID: PMC5850900 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6328970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. It occurs primarily as manifestation of other pathological processes, such as viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and toxin exposure that affect directly the cellular process. Studies were selected from PubMed and Scopus databases according to the PRISMA statement. The research filters were constructed using three parameters: flavonoids, hepatocellular carcinoma, and animal model. The bias analysis of the 34 selected works was done using the ARRIVE guidelines. The most widely used flavonoid in the studies was epigallocatechin gallate extracted from green tea. In general, the treatment with different flavonoids presented inhibition of tumor growth and antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The bias analysis evidenced the absence of methodological processes in all studies, such as the age or weight of the animals, the method of flavonoids' extraction, or the experimental designs, analytical methods, and outcome measures. It has been known that flavonoids have a protective effect against HCC. However, the absence or incomplete characterization of the animal models, treatment protocols, and phytochemical and toxicity analyses impaired the internal validity of the individual studies, making it difficult to determine the effectiveness of plant-derived products in the treatment of HCC.
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Dikaya VS, Solovyeva AI, Sidorov RA, Solovyev PA, Stepanova AY. The Relationship Between Endogenous β-Glucuronidase Activity and Biologically Active Flavones-Aglycone Contents in Hairy Roots of Baikal Skullcap. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15. [PMID: 29161468 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we examine the relationship between contents of principal flavones in hairy roots of Scutellaria baicalensis with the activity of the β-glucuronidase (sGUS) enzyme during a culturing cycle. Using RP-HPLC, we show that the highest contents of aglycones, baicalin and wogonin is observed at the growth days 8, 14, and 71 and reach 45, 41, and 62% (based on the total weight of hairy roots of the Baikal skullcap), correspondingly. Their accumulation is accompanied by increase of the sGUS activity, which we determined fluorometrically. Moreover, the enzyme activity is characterized by significant and reasonable correlation only with the wogonin contents. Our results confirm a significant role of sGUS at the final steps of the metabolism in root-specific flavones of Baikal skullcap and suggest how one can optimize the conditions of culturing the hairy roots for biotechnological production of individual flavonoids. For example, at the culturing day 71 wogonin constituted over 80% of all flavones extracted from cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara S Dikaya
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya ul. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Aleksandra I Solovyeva
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya ul. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Roman A Sidorov
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya ul. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Pavel A Solovyev
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, Moscow Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Yu Stepanova
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya ul. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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Liu P, Feng J, Sun M, Yuan W, Xiao R, Xiong J, Huang X, Xiong M, Chen W, Yu X, Sun Q, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Shao L. Synergistic effects of baicalein with gemcitabine or docetaxel on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1878-1886. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Dinda B, Dinda S, DasSharma S, Banik R, Chakraborty A, Dinda M. Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 131:68-80. [PMID: 28288320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoids, baicalin (5,6-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-7-O-d-β-glucuronic acid) 1 and its aglycone, baicalein 2 are found in edible medicinal plants, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz in abundant quantities. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of these flavonoids have been demonstrated in various disease models, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, gout and rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, neurodegenerative-, liver- and kidney diseases, encephalomyelitis, and carcinogenesis. These flavonoids have almost no toxicity to human normal epithelial, peripheral and myeloid cells. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are largely due to their abilities to scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improvement of antioxidant status by attenuating the activity of NF-κB and suppressing the expression of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, cellular adhesion molecules, tumor necrosis factor and interleukins. In this review, we summarize the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin and baicalein with molecular mechanisms for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic applications in the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India.
| | - Subhajit Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Dasaratha Deb Memorial College, Khowai 799201, Tripura, India
| | - Saikat DasSharma
- Department of Chemistry, Dasaratha Deb Memorial College, Khowai 799201, Tripura, India
| | - Rajarshi Banik
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799055, Tripura, India
| | - Ankita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - Manikarna Dinda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, VA22908, USA
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