51
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Moghbelinejad S, Nassiri-Asl M, Naserpour Farivar T, Abbasi E, Sheikhi M, Taghiloo M, Farsad F, Samimi A, Hajiali F. Rutin activates the MAPK pathway and BDNF gene expression on beta-amyloid induced neurotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Lett 2014; 224:108-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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52
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Choi SJ, Kim JK, Kim HK, Harris K, Kim CJ, Park GG, Park CS, Shin DH. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol from sweet potato protects against oxidative stress in PC12 cells and in mice. J Med Food 2013; 16:977-83. [PMID: 24074359 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the protective effect of sweet potato extract against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity on the pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) was investigated. The active component of the sweet potato extract was purified and determined to be 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. The antioxidant capacity of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol was measured by using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical. To examine the effects of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol on amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ1₁₋₄₂)-induced learning and memory impairment in mice, in vivo behavioral tests were performed. Administration of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol increased alternation behavior in mice injected with Aβ₁₋₄₂. These results suggest that sweet potato extract could be protective against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, possibly due to the antioxidative capacity of its constituent, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Choi
- 1 Department of Food Technology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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53
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Papież MA. The influence of curcumin and (–)-epicatechin on the genotoxicity and myelosuppression induced by etoposide in bone marrow cells of male rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2012; 36:93-101. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2012.726626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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54
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Wu L, Zhang QL, Zhang XY, Lv C, Li J, Yuan Y, Yin FX. Pharmacokinetics and blood-brain barrier penetration of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin in rats by microdialysis sampling coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9377-9383. [PMID: 22953747 DOI: 10.1021/jf301787f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Catechin (C) and (-)-epicatechin (EC), as the basic monomer units of flavanols, can be widely found in natural products or medicinal herbs. Recent pharmacological studies have revealed that C and EC exhibit good neuroprotective effects. However, there is little information about pharmacokinetic profiles in the brain and in vivo BBB penetration of C and EC. In this paper, an ultrasensitive method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed for the analysis of microdialysis samples. The detection limits for C and EC in Ringer's solution were 1.0 and 1.2 ng/mL, respectively. The intraday and interday accuracies for C and EC in Ringer's solution ranged from -3.0 to 4.4%, and the intraday and interday precisions were below 5.2%. The mean in vivo recoveries of C and EC in microdialysis probes were 33.7% and 26.5% in blood while 38.3% and 29.1% in brain. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using the statistical moment method after iv administration (C and EC, 20 mg/kg of body weight) in rats. Brain-to-blood (AUC(brain)/AUC(blood)) distribution ratios were 0.0726 ± 0.0376 for C and 0.1065 ± 0.0531 for EC, indicating that C and EC could pass through the BBB, which is further evidence of their neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P R China
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55
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Neuroprotective effect of the aminoestrogen prolame against impairment of learning and memory skills in rats injected with amyloid-β-25–35 into the hippocampus. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 685:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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56
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Xiang J, Lan R, Tang YP, Chen YP, Cai DF. Apocynum venetum Leaf Extract Attenuates Disruption of the Blood–Brain Barrier and Upregulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9/-2 in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1820-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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57
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Massaad CA. Neuronal and vascular oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2011; 9:662-73. [PMID: 22654724 PMCID: PMC3263460 DOI: 10.2174/157015911798376244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a highly metabolically active organ producing large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS are kept in check by an elaborate network of antioxidants. Although ROS are necessary for signaling and synaptic plasticity, their uncontrolled levels cause oxidation of essential macromolecules such as membrane lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes and cytoskeletal proteins. Indeed, overproduction of ROS and/or failure of the antioxidant network lead to neuronal oxidative stress, a condition associated with not only aging but also Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific source of excessive ROS production has not yet been identified. On one hand, amyloid beta (Aβ) has been extensively shown to act as an oxidant molecule. On the other hand, oxidative stress has been shown to precede and exacerbate Aβ pathology. This review will address the involvement of oxidative stress in the context of neuronal as well as vascular dysfunction associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Massaad
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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58
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Zhang YL, Yin CP, Kong LC, Jiang DH. Extraction optimisation, purification and major antioxidant component of red pigments extracted from Camellia japonica. Food Chem 2011; 129:660-664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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59
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Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. Dietary flavonoids: Role of (-)-epicatechin and related procyanidins in cell signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:813-23. [PMID: 21699974 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols are among the most abundant phytochemicals present in human diets. Increasing evidence supports the health-promoting effects of certain polyphenols, including flavonoids. This review discusses current knowledge of the capacity of monomeric flavanols, i.e., (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin, and their derived procyanidins to modulate cell signaling and the associations of these actions with better health. Flavanols and procyanidins can regulate cell signaling through different mechanisms of action. Monomers and dimeric procyanidins can be transported inside cells and directly interact and modulate the activity of signaling proteins and/or prevent oxidation. Larger and nonabsorbable procyanidins can regulate cell signaling by interacting with cell membrane proteins and lipids, inducing changes in membrane biophysics, and by modulating oxidant production. All these actions would be limited by the bioavailability of flavanols at the target tissue. The protection from cardiac and vascular disease and from cancer that is associated with a high consumption of fruit and vegetables could be in part explained by the capacity of flavanols and related procyanidins to modulate proinflammatory and oncogenic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar G Fraga
- Physical Chemistry-PRALIB, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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60
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Mohamed RH, Karam RA, Amer MG. Epicatechin attenuates doxorubicin-induced brain toxicity: Critical role of TNF-α, iNOS and NF-κB. Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:22-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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61
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The role of NOS in the impairment of spatial memory and damaged neurons in rats injected with amyloid beta 25–35 into the temporal cortex. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 98:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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62
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Abstract
This review focuses on recent developments in the use of natural products as therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. The compounds span a diverse array of structural classes and are organized according to their mechanism of action, with the focus primarily on the major hypotheses. Overall, the review discusses more than 180 compounds and summarizes 400 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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63
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Shah ZA, Li RC, Ahmad AS, Kensler TW, Yamamoto M, Biswal S, Doré S. The flavanol (-)-epicatechin prevents stroke damage through the Nrf2/HO1 pathway. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2010; 30:1951-61. [PMID: 20442725 PMCID: PMC3002885 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2010.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown that foods rich in polyphenols, such as flavanols, can lower the risk of ischemic heart disease; however, the mechanism of protection has not been clearly established. In this study, we investigated whether epicatechin (EC), a flavanol in cocoa and tea, is protective against brain ischemic damage in mice. Wild-type mice pretreated orally with 5, 15, or 30 mg/kg EC before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) had significantly smaller brain infarcts and decreased neurologic deficit scores (NDS) than did the vehicle-treated group. Mice that were posttreated with 30 mg/kg of EC at 3.5 hours after MCAO also had significantly smaller brain infarcts and decreased NDS. Similarly, WT mice pretreated with 30 mg/kg of EC and subjected to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity had significantly smaller lesion volumes. Cell viability assays with neuronal cultures further confirmed that EC could protect neurons against oxidative insults. Interestingly, the EC-associated neuroprotection was mostly abolished in mice lacking the enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) or the transcriptional factor Nrf2, and in neurons derived from these knockout mice. These results suggest that EC exerts part of its beneficial effect through activation of Nrf2 and an increase in the neuroprotective HO1 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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64
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Targeting NADPH oxidase and phospholipases A2 in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2010; 41:73-86. [PMID: 20195796 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-010-8107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by an increase in the production of extracellular beta amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles associated with a decline in brain function. Increases in oxidative stress are regarded as an early sign of AD pathophysiology, although the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mechanism(s) whereby beta amyloid peptides (Abeta) impact oxidative stress have not been adequately investigated. Recent studies provide strong evidence for the involvement of NADPH oxidase and its downstream oxidative signaling pathways in the toxic effects elicited by Abeta. ROS produced by NADPH oxidase activate multiple signaling pathways leading to neuronal excitotoxicity and glial cell-mediated inflammation. This review describes recent studies demonstrating the neurotoxic effects of Abeta in conjunction with ROS produced by NADPH oxidase and the downstream pathways leading to activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) and secretory PLA(2). In addition, this review also describes recent studies using botanical antioxidants to protect against oxidative damage associated with AD. Investigating the metabolic and signaling pathways involving Abeta NADPH oxidase and PLA(2) can help understand the mechanisms underlying the neurodegenerative effects of oxidative stress in AD. This information should provide new therapeutic approaches for prevention of this debilitating disease.
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65
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The amyloid-β25–35 injection into the CA1 region of the neonatal rat hippocampus impairs the long-term memory because of an increase of nitric oxide. Neurosci Lett 2010; 468:151-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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