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Lu JYD, Su P, Barber JEM, Nash JE, Le AD, Liu F, Wong AHC. The neuroprotective effect of nicotine in Parkinson's disease models is associated with inhibiting PARP-1 and caspase-3 cleavage. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3933. [PMID: 29062606 PMCID: PMC5651169 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence points to neuroprotective effects of smoking in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the pharmacological pathways involved in these neuroprotective effects, which could provide novel ideas for developing targeted neuroprotective treatments for PD. We used the ETC complex I inhibitor methylpyridinium ion (MPP+) to induce cell death in SH-SY5Y cells as a cellular model for PD and found that nicotine inhibits cell death. Using choline as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, we found that nAChR stimulation was sufficient to protect SH-SY5Y cells against cell death from MPP+. Blocking α7 nAChR with methyllycaconitine (MLA) prevented the protective effects of nicotine, demonstrating that these receptors are necessary for the neuroprotective effects of nicotine. The neuroprotective effect of nicotine involves other pathways relevant to PD. Cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased by nicotine in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned mice and in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that nicotine likely exerts neuroprotective effects in PD through the α7 nAChR and downstream pathways including PARP-1 and caspase-3. This knowledge could be pursued in future research to develop neuroprotective treatments for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Y D Lu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ping Su
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James E M Barber
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanne E Nash
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anh D Le
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Acute action of rotenone on excitability of catecholaminergic neurons in rostral ventrolateral medulla. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:151-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Perez-Lloret S, Otero-Losada M, Toblli JE, Capani F. Renin-angiotensin system as a potential target for new therapeutic approaches in Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:1163-1173. [PMID: 28836869 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1371133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, available therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) are symptomatic. Therefore, the search for neuroprotective drugs remains a top priority. Areas covered: In this review, the potential symptomatic or disease-modifying effect of drugs targeting the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in PD will be explored. Expert opinion: The importance of nigrostriatal local RAS has only begun to be unraveled in the last decades. On one hand, there is a complex feedback cycle between RAS and dopamine (DA). On the other hand, RAS affects dopaminergic neurons vulnerability. Neuroprotective effects in animal PD models have been shown for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors captopril and perindopril, and the AT1 receptor antagonists losartan, candesartan and telmisartan. These effects appear to be mediated by a reduction in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. In a proof-of-concept, randomized, double-blind, crossover study in PD patients, perindopril enhanced the effect of levodopa without inducing dyskinesias. There has not been any clinical trial exploring the neuroprotective effect of RAS drugs, but one cohort study in hypertensive patients suggested a protective effect of ACE inhibitors on PD risk. RAS is a promising target for symptomatic and neuroprotective therapies in PD. Further studies in PD animal models and patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Perez-Lloret
- a Institute of Cardiology Research , University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council (ININCA-UBA-CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Matilde Otero-Losada
- a Institute of Cardiology Research , University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council (ININCA-UBA-CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Jorge E Toblli
- a Institute of Cardiology Research , University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council (ININCA-UBA-CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Francisco Capani
- a Institute of Cardiology Research , University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council (ININCA-UBA-CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,b Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Santiago de Chile , Chile
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Du L, Zhang W, Du G. Baicalein exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects to protect against rotenone-induced brain injury in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28623717 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein, a major bioactive flavone constituent isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been shown to be neuroprotective in several Parkinson's disease (PD) animal models. Since neuroinflammation has been known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PD, potential explanation for the neuroprotective action of anti-PD compounds involves among others reduced inflammation. Our study investigated that one of the mechanisms of protection afforded by baicalein in rotenone-induced parkinsonian rats was associated with anti-inflammatory action and explored its underlying mechanism in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that baicalein treatment improved motor impairments, attenuated brain damage, suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)), modulated the astrocytes and microglia activation, and blocked the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signals in rotenone-induced rats of PD. Furthermore, treatment of baicalein prominently suppressed the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein by blocking LPS-induced IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation, and downregulated the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) which functions in the upstream of NF-κB signal in the activated BV2 microglia. In conclusion, our studies suggest that baicalein may be effective in the treatment of PD through anti-neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yulin Yang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lida Du
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
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Hurtado F, Cardenas MAN, Cardenas F, León LA. La Enfermedad de Parkinson: Etiología, Tratamientos y Factores Preventivos. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy15-5.epet] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es la patología neurodegenerativa motora con mayor incidencia a nivel mundial. Esta afecta a aproximadamente 2-3% de la población mayor a 60 años de edad y sus causas aún no han sido bien determinadas. Actualmente no existe cura para esta patología; sin embargo, es posible contar con diferentes tratamientos que permiten aliviar algunos de sus síntomas y enlentecer su curso. Estos tratamientos tienen como premisa contrarrestar los efectos ocasionados por la pérdida de la función dopaminérgica de la sustancia nigra (SN) sobre estructuras como el núcleo subtálamico (NST) o globo pálido interno (GPi) ya sea por medio de tratamientos farmacológicos, estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP) o con el implante celular. Existen también investigaciones que están dirigiendo su interés al desarrollo de fármacos con potencial terapéutico, que presenten alta especificidad a receptores colinérgicos de nicotina (nAChRs) y antagonistas de receptores de adenosina, específicamente del subtipo A2A. Estos últimos, juegan un papel importante en el control de liberación dopaminérgica y en los procesos de neuroprotección. En esta revisión se pretende ofrecer una panorámica actual sobre algunos de los factores de riesgo asociados a EP, algunos de los tratamientos actuales más utilizados y acerca del rol de sustancias potencialmente útiles en la prevención de esta enfermedad.
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Sarvani C, Sireesh D, Ramkumar KM. Unraveling the role of ER stress inhibitors in the context of metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:412-421. [PMID: 28237513 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ER stress is provoked by the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER lumen leading to perturbations in ER homeostasis. ER stress activates a signaling cascade called the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) which triggers a set of transcriptional and translational events that restore ER homeostasis, promoting cell survival and adaptation. If this adaptive response fails, a terminal UPR program commits such cells to apoptosis. Existing preclinical and clinical evidence testify that prolonged ER stress escalates the risk of several metabolic disorders including diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. There have been considerable efforts to develop small molecules that are capable of ameliorating ER stress. Few naturally occurring and synthetic molecules have already been demonstrated for their efficacy in abrogating ER stress in both in vitro and in vivo models of metabolic disorders. This review provides a broad overview of the molecular mechanisms of inhibition of ER stress and its association with various metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chodisetty Sarvani
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dornadula Sireesh
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamilnadu, India
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Khan MM, Yang WL, Brenner M, Bolognese AC, Wang P. Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) causes sepsis-associated acute lung injury via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41363. [PMID: 28128330 PMCID: PMC5269663 DOI: 10.1038/srep41363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP), released into the circulation during sepsis, causes lung injury via an as yet unknown mechanism. Since endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with acute lung injury (ALI), we hypothesized that CIRP causes ALI via induction of ER stress. To test this hypothesis, we studied the lungs of wild-type (WT) and CIRP knockout (KO) mice at 20 h after induction of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). WT mice had significantly more severe ALI than CIRP KO mice. Lung ER stress markers (BiP, pIRE1α, sXBP1, CHOP, cleaved caspase-12) were increased in septic WT mice, but not in septic CIRP KO mice. Effector pathways downstream from ER stress – apoptosis, NF-κB (p65), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β), neutrophil chemoattractants (MIP-2, KC), neutrophil infiltration (MPO activity), lipid peroxidation (4-HNE), and nitric oxide (iNOS) – were significantly increased in WT mice, but only mildly elevated in CIRP KO mice. ER stress markers were increased in the lungs of healthy WT mice treated with recombinant murine CIRP, but not in the lungs of TLR4 KO mice. This suggests CIRP directly induces ER stress via TLR4 activation. In summary, CIRP induces lung ER stress and downstream responses to cause sepsis-associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Max Brenner
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Alexandra Cerutti Bolognese
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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