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Pterostilbene protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via suppressing oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammatory response. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 43:7-15. [PMID: 27936461 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that pterostilbene (Pte) confers protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammation induce injury after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. The present study was designed to evaluate whether treatment with Pte attenuates oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammation in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R). Rats were subjected to 30min of myocardial ischemia and 3h of reperfusion, and the rats were administered with vehicle or Pte. The results showed that Pte (10mg/kg) dramatically improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial infarction and myocardial apoptosis following MI/R. As an indicator of oxidative/nitrative stress, myocardial ONOO- content was markedly reduced after Pte treatment. And, Pte led to a dramatic decrease in superoxide generation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and a dramatic increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In addition, Pte treatment significantly reduced p38 MAPK activation and the expression of iNOS and gp91phox and increased phosphorylated eNOS expression. Pte treatment dramatically decreased myocardial TNF-α, and IL-1β levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Furthermore, ONOO- suppression by either Pte or uric acid (UA), an ONOO- scavenger, reduced myocardial injury. In conclusion, Pte exerts a protective effect against MI/R injury by suppressing oxidative/nitrative stress. These results provide evidence that Pte might be a therapeutic approach for the treatment of MI/R injury.
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Wu J, Jin Z, Yan LJ. Redox imbalance and mitochondrial abnormalities in the diabetic lung. Redox Biol 2016; 11:51-59. [PMID: 27888691 PMCID: PMC5124358 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the lung is one of the least studied organs in diabetes, increasing evidence indicates that it is an inevitable target of diabetic complications. Nevertheless, the underlying biochemical mechanisms of lung injury in diabetes remain largely unexplored. Given that redox imbalance, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in diabetic tissue injury, we set out to investigate mechanisms of lung injury in diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate NADH/NAD+ redox status, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial abnormalities in the diabetic lung. Using STZ induced diabetes in rat as a model, we measured redox-imbalance related parameters including aldose reductase activity, level of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PAPR-1), NAD+ content, NADPH content, reduced form of glutathione (GSH), and glucose 6-phophate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity. For assessment of mitochondrial abnormalities in the diabetic lung, we measured the activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I to IV and complex V as well as dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) content and activity. We also measured the protein content of NAD+ dependent enzymes such as sirtuin3 (sirt3) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Our results demonstrate that NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance occurs in the diabetic lung. This redox imbalance upregulates the activities of complexes I to IV, but not complex V; and this upregulation is likely the source of increased mitochondrial ROS production, oxidative stress, and cell death in the diabetic lung. These results, together with the findings that the protein contents of DLDH, sirt3, and NQO1 all are decreased in the diabetic lung, demonstrate that redox imbalance, mitochondrial abnormality, and oxidative stress contribute to lung injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States.
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Treatment of cardiovascular pathology with epigenetically active agents: Focus on natural and synthetic inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Int J Cardiol 2016; 227:66-82. [PMID: 27852009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) retains a leadership as a major cause of human death worldwide. Although a substantial progress was attained in the development of cardioprotective and vasculoprotective drugs, a search for new efficient therapeutic strategies and promising targets is under way. Modulation of epigenetic CVD mechanisms through administration epigenetically active agents is one of such new approaches. Epigenetic mechanisms involve heritable changes in gene expression that are not linked to the alteration of DNA sequence. Pathogenesis of CVDs is associated with global genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Epigenetically active compounds that influence activity of epigenetic modulators such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases (HDACs), etc. may correct these pathogenic changes in the epigenome and therefore be used for CVD therapy. To date, many epigenetically active natural substances (such as polyphenols and flavonoids) and synthetic compounds such as DNMT inhibitors or HDAC inhibitors are known. Both native and chemical DNMT and HDAC inhibitors possess a wide range of cytoprotective activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-anfibrotic, and anti-hypertrophic properties, which are beneficial of treatment of a variety of CVDs. However, so far, only synthetic DNMT inhibitors enter clinical trials while synthetic HDAC inhibitors are still under evaluation in preclinical studies. In this review, we consider epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in cardiovascular pathology and the epigenetics-based therapeutic approaches focused on the implementation of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, 121609, Russia; National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
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Guo L, Tan K, Wang H, Zhang X. Pterostilbene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through p53/SOD2/ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3233-3240. [PMID: 27748853 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and the second cause of cancer-related deaths around the world. Pterostilbene (PTE), is a natural analog of resveratrol, possessing diverse pharmacological activities. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effect of PTE on tumor growth in mouse models of HCC and to elucidate the possible molecular mechanism in vivo and in vitro. We showed that PTE dose-dependently suppressed tumor growth in mice induced by diethylnitrosamine plus carbon tetrachloride, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of tumors and in the maximum size of the tumors. PTE concentration-dependently inhibited cell viability and proliferation in HepG2 cells. PTE increased caspase-3 activities and apoptosis in liver tumor tissues and cells, indicating the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. PFTα, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) lentivirus and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly inhibited PTE-induced inhibition of tumor growth and cell proliferation and increase in apoptosis. PTE dose-dependently increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels both in liver tumor tissues and cells, which were inhibited by PFTα, SOD2 lentivirus and NAC. PTE resulted in a significant decrease in SOD2 expression in liver tumor tissues and cells, which were inhibited by PFTα, but not NAC, indicating that PTE-induced ROS generation was attributed to p53-mediated downregulation of SOD2. Collectively, PTE increased p53 expression, decreased SOD2 expression, and resulted in an increase in the ROS levels and the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, leading to inhibition of tumor growth and cell proliferation. These data demonstrated that the p53/SOD2/ROS pathway is critical for PTE-mediated inhibition of tumor growth and HCC cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Guo
- Department of Hepatology, Xi'an No. 8 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
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Wang B, Liu H, Yue L, Li X, Zhao L, Yang X, Wang X, Yang Y, Qu Y. Neuroprotective effects of pterostilbene against oxidative stress injury: Involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway. Brain Res 2016; 1643:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Magaye R, Gu Y, Wang Y, Su H, Zhou Q, Mao G, Shi H, Yue X, Zou B, Xu J, Zhao J. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the toxicities induced by metallic nickel nano and fine particles. J Mol Histol 2016. [PMID: 27010930 DOI: 10.1007/s10735‐016‐9671‐6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) have been applied in various fields along with the rapid development of nanotechnology. However, the potential adverse health effects of the Ni NPs are unclear. To investigate the cyto- and genotoxicity and compare the differences between the Ni NPs and the nickel fine particles (Ni FPs), Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and A549 cells were treated with different doses of Ni NPs or FPs. Intra-tracheal instillation of Ni NPs and FPs caused acute toxicity in the lungs, liver and kidneys of the SD rats. Even though the histology of the lungs showed hyperplastic changes and the protein expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 detected by western blot showed lung burden overload, no significant increase was observed to the expression level of oncoprotein C-myc. The results from cell titer-Glo assay and comet assay indicated that Ni NPs were more potent in causing cell toxicity and genotoxicity in vitro than Ni FPs. In addition, Ni NPs increased the expression of C-myc in vitro, but these increases may not have been due to oxidative stress since no significant dose-dependent changes were seen in HO-1 and Nrf2 expressions. Although Ni NPs have the potential to cause DNA damage in A549 cells in vitro, the molecular mechanisms that led to these changes and their tumorigenic potential is still debatable. In short, Ni NPs were more potent in causing cell toxicity and genotoxicity in vitro than Ni FPs, and intra-tracheal instillation of Ni NPs and FPs caused toxicity in organs of the SD rats, while it showed similar to the effects for both particle types. These results suggested that both Ni NPs and FPs have the potential to be harmful to human health, and Ni NPs may have higher cyto- and genotoxic effects than Ni FPs under the same treatment dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Magaye
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuanliang Gu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Guochuan Mao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hongbo Shi
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xia Yue
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Baobo Zou
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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57
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Magaye R, Gu Y, Wang Y, Su H, Zhou Q, Mao G, Shi H, Yue X, Zou B, Xu J, Zhao J. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the toxicities induced by metallic nickel nano and fine particles. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:273-86. [PMID: 27010930 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) have been applied in various fields along with the rapid development of nanotechnology. However, the potential adverse health effects of the Ni NPs are unclear. To investigate the cyto- and genotoxicity and compare the differences between the Ni NPs and the nickel fine particles (Ni FPs), Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and A549 cells were treated with different doses of Ni NPs or FPs. Intra-tracheal instillation of Ni NPs and FPs caused acute toxicity in the lungs, liver and kidneys of the SD rats. Even though the histology of the lungs showed hyperplastic changes and the protein expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 detected by western blot showed lung burden overload, no significant increase was observed to the expression level of oncoprotein C-myc. The results from cell titer-Glo assay and comet assay indicated that Ni NPs were more potent in causing cell toxicity and genotoxicity in vitro than Ni FPs. In addition, Ni NPs increased the expression of C-myc in vitro, but these increases may not have been due to oxidative stress since no significant dose-dependent changes were seen in HO-1 and Nrf2 expressions. Although Ni NPs have the potential to cause DNA damage in A549 cells in vitro, the molecular mechanisms that led to these changes and their tumorigenic potential is still debatable. In short, Ni NPs were more potent in causing cell toxicity and genotoxicity in vitro than Ni FPs, and intra-tracheal instillation of Ni NPs and FPs caused toxicity in organs of the SD rats, while it showed similar to the effects for both particle types. These results suggested that both Ni NPs and FPs have the potential to be harmful to human health, and Ni NPs may have higher cyto- and genotoxic effects than Ni FPs under the same treatment dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Magaye
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuanliang Gu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Guochuan Mao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hongbo Shi
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xia Yue
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Baobo Zou
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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