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Zhang J, Chen L, Xiao L, Ouyang F, Zhang QY, Luo ZC. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Concentrations in Human Breast Milk Specimens Worldwide. Epidemiology 2017; 28 Suppl 1:S89-S97. [DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Tang J, Zhai JX. Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in breast milk, cord blood and placentas: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21548-21573. [PMID: 28831660 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been extensively used as flame retardants in consumer products. PBDEs rapidly bioaccumulate in the environment, food, wild animals and humans. In this review, we investigated the harmful effects of PBDEs on humans, especially in early life, and summarised the levels of PBDEs in human biological samples (breast milk, cord blood and placentas). In addition, we described the spatiotemporal distribution of PBDEs in this review. PBDE levels in breast milk, cord blood and placentas were generally higher in North America than in other regions, such as Asia, Europe, Oceania and Africa. However, high levels of PBDEs in human biological samples were detected at e-waste recycling sites in South China, East China and South Korea. This finding suggests that newborns living in e-waste regions are exposed to high levels of PBDEs during prenatal and postnatal periods. The time trends of PBDE concentration differed according to the region. Few studies have investigated PBDE levels in humans from 1967 to 2000, but they increased rapidly after 2000. PBDE concentration peaked at approximately 2006 globally. Compared with other PBDE congeners, BDE-47, BDE-153 and BDE-209 were the major components, but the detection rate of BDE-209 was lower than those of others. Future studies should focus on determining the BDE-209 concentration, which requires the implementation of different analytical approaches. Additionally, the levels of PBDEs in human samples and the environment should be monitored, especially in e-waste recycling regions. Graphical abstract The figures described the spatial distribution of the lowest (Fig. a1) and highest concentration of ∑PBDE (Fig. a2) in different countries by 2006 and described the spatial distribution of the lowest (Fig. b1) and highest concentration of ∑PBDE (Fig. b2) in different countries from 2007 to 2015. All the figures indicated that the levels of PBDEs in North America were substantially higher than those in many regions of Europe, Asia, Oceania, or Africa. Comparing Fig. a1-b1 or Fig. a2-b2, increasing trends were observed in some countries, especially in some regions in China, Korea and Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jin Xia Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Lyall K, Croen LA, Weiss LA, Kharrazi M, Traglia M, Delorenze GN, Windham GC. Prenatal Serum Concentrations of Brominated Flame Retardants and Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability in the Early Markers of Autism Study: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in California. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:087023. [PMID: 28895873 PMCID: PMC5783661 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies suggest neurodevelopmental impacts of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), but few have examined diagnosed developmental disorders. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine whether prenatal exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability without autism (ID). METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study including children with ASD (n=545) and ID (n=181) identified from the California Department of Developmental Services and general population (GP) controls (n=418) from state birth certificates. ASD cases were matched to controls by sex, birth month, and birth year. Concentrations of 10 BFRs were measured in maternal second trimester serum samples stored from routine screening. Logistic regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for associations with ASD, and separately for ID, compared with GP controls, by quartiles of analyte concentrations in primary analyses. RESULTS Geometric mean concentrations of five of the six congeners with ≥55% of samples above the limit of detection were lower in mothers of children with ASD or ID than in controls. In adjusted analyses, inverse associations with several congeners were found for ASD relative to GP (e.g., quartile 4 vs. 1, BDE-153: AOR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.84). When stratified by child sex (including 99 females with ASD, 77 with ID, and 73 with GP), estimates were consistent with overall analyses in boys, but in the opposite direction among girls, particularly for BDE-28 and -47 (AOR=2.58, 95% CI: 0.86, 7.79 and AOR=2.64, 95% CI: 0.97, 7.19, respectively). Similar patterns overall and by sex were observed for ID. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to expectation, higher PBDE concentrations were associated with decreased odds of ASD and ID, though not in girls. These findings require confirmation but suggest potential sexual dimorphism in associations with prenatal exposure to BFRs. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Autism Research Program, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente , Oakland, California, USA
| | - Lauren A Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Martin Kharrazi
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Michela Traglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gerald N Delorenze
- Autism Research Program, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente , Oakland, California, USA
| | - Gayle C Windham
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
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Ji X, Ding J, Xie X, Cheng Y, Huang Y, Qin L, Han C. Pollution Status and Human Exposure of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) in China. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3333-3348. [PMID: 30023692 PMCID: PMC6044870 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209/decaBDE) is a high-production-volume brominated flame retardant in China, where the decaBDE commercial mixture is manufactured in Laizhou Bay, Shandong Province, even after the prohibition of penta- and octaBDE mixtures. The demand for flame retardants produced in China has been increasing in recent years as China not only produces electronic devices but also has numerous electronic waste (e-waste) recycling regions, which receive e-wastes from both domestic and foreign sources. High concentrations of BDE-209 have been observed in biotic and abiotic media in each of the different areas, especially within the decaBDE manufacturers and e-waste recycling areas. BDE-209 has been viewed as toxic and bioaccumulative because it might debrominate to less brominated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (lower molecular weight and hydrophobicity), which are more readily absorbed by organisms. The highest concentration of PBDEs in dust within urban areas reached 40 236 ng g-1 in the Pearl River Delta, and BDE-209 contributed the greatest proportion to the total PBDEs (95.1%). Moreover, the maximum hazard quotient was found for toddlers (0.703) for BDE-209, which was close to 1. This suggests that exposure to BDE-209 might lead to increased potential for adverse effects and organ harm (e.g., the lungs) through inhalation, dust ingestion, and dermal absorption, especially for the group of toddlers compared to others. In daily food and human tissues, the amount of BDE-209 was also extensively detected. However, the toxicity and adverse effect of BDE-209 to humans are still not clear; thus, further studies are required to better assess the toxicological effects and exposure scenarios, a more enhanced environmental policy for ecological risks regarding BDE-209 and its debrominated byproducts in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ji
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for
Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jue Ding
- College
of the Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, P. R. China
| | - Xianchuan Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for
Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for
Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for
Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Long Qin
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for
Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Chao Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
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Annunciação DLR, Almeida FV, Sodré FF. Method development and validation for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners in Brazilian aquatic sediments. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Terry P, Towers CV, Liu LY, Peverly AA, Chen J, Salamova A. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (flame retardants) in mother-infant pairs in the Southeastern U.S. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:205-214. [PMID: 28599595 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2017.1332344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are commonly used flame retardants in foams, building material, electronics, and textiles. These chemicals leach into the environment, where they persist, and are found today in virtually every population worldwide. Several studies in recent years have detected the presence of PBDEs in maternal and infant samples. However, few of these studies were conducted in the U.S., and few examined paired or matched mother blood-cord blood samples. We analyzed serum from 10 mother-infant pairs for the presence of PBDEs in a patient population in the Southeastern U.S. Out of 35 measured PBDE congeners, five (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, and -153) were present, with detection frequencies of 65-100 %. The total PBDE concentrations in maternal and infant sera were highly correlated (r2 = 0.710, p = 0.0043). The levels of BDE-47, -99, and -100 and of total PBDEs were higher in the infant cord sera when compared with those in maternal sera (p < 0.017), suggesting that fetuses and neonates might have higher circulating concentrations of these potentially neurotoxic and endocrine disrupting chemicals compared with their mothers. The primary focus henceforward should be whether there are any deleterious effects from exposure to these chemicals on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Terry
- a Departments of Medicine , University of Tennessee Medical Center , Knoxville , TN , USA
| | - Craig V Towers
- b Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Tennessee Medical Center , Knoxville , TN , USA
| | - Liang-Ying Liu
- c School of Environment and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Angela A Peverly
- d Science and Mathematics Department , Eureka College , Eureka , IL , USA
| | - Jiangang Chen
- e Department of Public Health , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , TN , USA
| | - Amina Salamova
- f School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University , Bloomington , IN , USA
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Zhang H, Yolton K, Webster GM, Sjödin A, Calafat AM, Dietrich KN, Xu Y, Xie C, Braun JM, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Prenatal PBDE and PCB Exposures and Reading, Cognition, and Externalizing Behavior in Children. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:746-752. [PMID: 27385187 PMCID: PMC5381998 DOI: 10.1289/ehp478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposures may influence children's neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of prenatal PBDE and PCB exposures with children's reading skills at ages 5 and 8 years, Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ), and externalizing behavior problems at age 8 years. METHODS From 239 mother-child pairs recruited (2003-2006) in Cincinnati, Ohio, we measured maternal serum PBDE and PCB concentrations, assessed child's reading skills using the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement III (WJ-III) at age 5 years and the Wide Range Achievement Test-4 (WRAT-4) at age 8 years, tested FSIQ using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV), and externalizing behavior problems using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2) at age 8 years. We used multiple linear regression to examine the association of prenatal PBDE and PCB concentrations and reading, FSIQ, and externalizing behavior problems after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS An increase of Sum4PBDEs (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, and BDE-153) by 10 times was not significantly associated with reading scores at age 5 years at the p = 0.05 level but was inversely associated with Reading Composite scores (β: -6.2, 95% CI: -11.7, -0.6) and FSIQ (β: -5.3, 95% CI: -10.6, -0.02) at age 8 years; it was positively associated with the score for externalizing behavior problems (β: 3.5, 95% CI: -0.1, 7.2) at age 8 years. Prenatal Sum4PCBs (PCB-118, -153, -138-158, and -180) was not significantly associated with a child's reading skills, FSIQ, and externalizing behavior problems. CONCLUSION Prenatal PBDE concentration was inversely associated with reading skills and FSIQ and positively associated with externalizing behavior problems at age 8 years. No significant associations were found in prenatal PCB concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Glenys M. Webster
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kim N. Dietrich
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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58
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Shin MY, Lee S, Choi H, Jeong DI, Moon HB, Kim S. Placental and lactational transfer of decabromodiphenyl ether and 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether in dam-offspring pairs of Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 102:198-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Choi J, Jang YC, Kim JG. Substance flow analysis and environmental releases of PBDEs in life cycle of automobiles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:1085-1094. [PMID: 27694018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants, have been widely used in many applications in industry such as automobiles, textiles, and electronics. This study focused on a quantitative substance flow analysis (SFA) of PBDEs in automobiles in order to identify their flow by life cycle and treatment pathways of PBDEs-containing materials in end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) in Korea. In addition, this study has estimated environmental releases of PBDEs in automobiles by life cycle in Korea. During this study, PBDEs were analyzed for the samples collected from several ELVs treatment facilities using X-ray fluorescence and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods. The system boundary for SFA of PBDEs ranged from manufacturing/trade to disposal stage of automobiles by life cycle. Based on the result of the SFA, it was found that the amount of PBDEs in automobiles were the highest in use stage (7748ton/year), followed by production stage (1743ton/year) in 2014. In disposal stage, automobile shredded residues (ASR) and seat fabrics were the main components with relatively high levels of PBDEs in ELVs. The major treatment methods of such components included incineration (84%), energy recovery (9%), and landfilling (6%). This research indicates that PBDEs were emitted the highest amount from interior components during the use stage of automobiles, followed by recycling processes such as dismantling and shredding. This study suggests that PBDEs in ASR and seat fabrics should be properly managed to prevent the widespread dispersion in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyun Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
| | - Yong-Chul Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
| | - Jong-Guk Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea.
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60
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Wang A, Padula A, Sirota M, Woodruff TJ. Environmental influences on reproductive health: the importance of chemical exposures. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:905-29. [PMID: 27513554 PMCID: PMC5158104 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Chemical exposures during pregnancy can have a profound and life-long impact on human health. Because of the omnipresence of chemicals in our daily life, there is continuous contact with chemicals in food, water, air, and consumer products. Consequently, human biomonitoring studies show that pregnant women around the globe are exposed to a variety of chemicals. In this review we provide a summary of current data on maternal and fetal exposure, as well as health consequences from these exposures. We review several chemical classes, including polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluoroalkyl substances, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phenols, phthalates, pesticides, and metals. Additionally, we discuss environmental disparities and vulnerable populations, and future research directions. We conclude by providing some recommendations for prevention of chemical exposure and its adverse reproductive health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aolin Wang
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Amy Padula
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marina Sirota
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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61
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Liang S, Xu F, Tang W, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Liu L, Wang J, Lin K. Brominated flame retardants in the hair and serum samples from an e-waste recycling area in southeastern China: the possibility of using hair for biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:14889-14897. [PMID: 27072035 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hair samples and paired serum samples were collected from e-waste and urban areas in Wenling of Zhejiang Province, China. The PBDE and DBDPE concentrations in hair and serum samples from e-waste workers were significantly higher than those of non-occupational residents and urban residents. BDE209 was the dominating BFRs in hair and serum samples from the e-waste area, while DBDPE was the major BFRs from the urban area. Statistically significant correlations were observed between hair level and serum level for some substances (BDE209, DBDPE, BDE99, BDE47, BDE28, and BDE17), although the PBDE congener profiles in hair were different from those in the serum. A statistically significant positive correlation between the PBDE concentrations and the working age, as well as gender difference, was observed in e-waste workers. Different sources of PBDEs and DBDPE in three groups were identified by principal component analysis and spearman correlation coefficient. Hair is suggested to be a useful matrix for biomonitoring the PBDE exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Liang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130, Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weibiao Tang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lili Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130, Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Maternal Serum, Breast Milk, Umbilical Cord Serum, and House Dust in a South Korean Birth Panel of Mother-Neonate Pairs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13080767. [PMID: 27483297 PMCID: PMC4997453 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as flame retardants. Although many reports have indicated an association between exposure to PBDEs and developmental neurotoxicity, the relative contributions of different sources of dust PBDE congeners to the levels in various tissues of mother–baby pairs is not well understood. The aims of this study were thus to measure the quantitative relationship between the level of PBDEs in house dust and tissues of mother-neonate pairs, and to investigate the chemical sources of the PBDEs. Forty-one mother-neonate pairs were recruited and provided samples of maternal serum (n = 29), umbilical cord serum (n = 25), breast milk (n = 50), and house dust (n = 41), where PBDEs were determined with high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. While deca- (e.g., BDE 209, detected 100%), nona- (BDE 206/207, 95.1%), octa- (BDE 183, 100%), penta- (BDE 99/153, 100%, 98%) and tetra-BDEs (BDE 47, 100%) were detected abundantly in dust, penta- (BDE 99, 76%, 92%) and tetra-BDEs (BDE 47, 84%, 98%) were detected abundantly in umbilical cord serum and breast milk, respectively; tetra-BDEs (BDE 47, 86%) were detected more often relative to other congeners in maternal serum. Spearman’s pairwise comparison showed that the levels of BDE 47 (ρ = 0.52, p < 0.001) and −99 (ρ = 0.64, p < 0.01) in umbilical cord serum were associated with BDE 209 levels in dust; BDE 47 in maternal serum also showed correlation with BDE 99 in cord serum (ρ = 0.48, p < 0.01) but there was no significant correlation between maternal BDE 47 and dust BDE 209. On the other hand, a comparison of the distribution among congeners suggested probable associations of BDE 47 in maternal serum, breast milk, and umbilical cord serum with BDE 209 in dust; and of BDE 99 in maternal and umbilical cord serum, breast milk, and dust with BDE 209 in dust. Although further studies are needed, a radar chart-based distributional comparison among congeners supported associations between BDE 47 or −99 in human tissues and BDE 209 in dust.
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Chen ZJ, Liu HY, Ho KL, Huang HB, Liu Q, Man YB, Lam MHW, Du J, Wong MH, Wang HS. Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) in paired maternal and neonatal samples from South China: Placental transfer and potential risks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:72-78. [PMID: 27035923 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) are attracting more and more attention for the neurodevelopment toxicity effects. We evaluated the concentrations of 15 individual OH-PBDEs and 3 bromophenol (BRP) congeners in 30 mother-newborn paired placenta, breast milk, fetal cord blood, and neonatal urine samples collected from South China. The geometric mean (GM) concentrations of ∑OH-PBDEs were 37.6, 61.3, and 76.8pgg(-1) ww in placenta, breast milk, and cord blood, respectively. The GM concentrations of ∑BRPs were 47.6, 119, and 30.2pgg(-1) ww in placenta, breast milk, and cord blood, respectively. The GM concentrations of ∑OH-PBDEs and ∑BRPs in neonatal urine were 72.0 and 79.8pgml(-1), respectively. Of the 15 OH-PBDE congeners analyzed, the three most frequently detected congeners were 2'-OH-BDE-68 (72.1%), 6-OH-BDE-47 (67.6%), and 2'-OH-BDE-28 (65.8%). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of OH-PBDEs for the breast-fed infants was 9.31±4.00ngkg(-1) bw day. The accumulation of OH-PBDEs in newborns was much lower than the estimated lowest observed-effect concentration (LOEC) of neurotoxicity. The present study provided the first systematic fundamental data that exposure to OH-PBDEs for newborn and their mothers in South China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Jia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Han-Yan Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Ka-Lok Ho
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Bin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yu-Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Hon-Wah Lam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ming-Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Guo W, Holden A, Smith SC, Gephart R, Petreas M, Park JS. PBDE levels in breast milk are decreasing in California. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:505-513. [PMID: 26693645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To assess the efficacy of the bans in reducing PBDE levels, we recruited 67 California first time mothers (sampled during 2009-2012) and collected cord blood at birth (n = 31), breast milk (n = 66) and maternal blood (n = 65) at 3-8 weeks postpartum. Using the same sample extraction procedures and analytical instrumentation method (GC-HRMS), we compared PBDE as well as PCB levels in these breast milk samples to those from our previous study (n = 82, sampled during 2003-2005) and found that the sum of PBDEs over the ∼7 year course declined by 39% (GeoMean = 67.8 ng/g lipid in 2003-2005; 41.5 ng/g lipid in 2009-2012) and that the sum of PCBs declined by 36% (GeoMean = 71.6 ng/g lipid in 2003-2005; 45.7 ng/g lipid in 2009-2012). This supports our earlier finding of a PBDE decline (39%) in blood. We also found that the PBDE concentrations and congener profiles were similar in breast milk and their matched maternal/cord blood: BDE-47 was the dominant congener, followed by BDE-153, -99, and -100. Similar levels and congener profiles of PBDEs in these matrices suggest that they are at equilibrium. Therefore, we propose that maternal serum levels may be used to predict an infant's daily dose of PBDE exposure from breastfeeding when breast milk levels are not available. In addition, our study confirmed that breastfeeding babies are still exposed to high levels of PBDEs, even though PBDE levels are decreasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Guo
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA.
| | - Arthur Holden
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA
| | - Sabrina Crispo Smith
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA; Sequoia Foundation, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - Myrto Petreas
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA
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Leonetti C, Butt CM, Hoffman K, Miranda ML, Stapleton HM. Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol in human placental tissues. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 88:23-29. [PMID: 26700418 PMCID: PMC4755871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Legacy environmental contaminants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely detected in human tissues. However, few studies have measured PBDEs in placental tissues, and there are no reported measurements of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) in placental tissues. Measurements of these contaminants are important for understanding potential fetal exposures, as these compounds have been shown to alter thyroid hormone regulation in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we measured a suite of PBDEs and 2,4,6-TBP in 102 human placental tissues collected between 2010 and 2011 in Durham County, North Carolina, USA. The most abundant PBDE congener detected was BDE-47, with a mean concentration of 5.09ng/g lipid (range: 0.12-141ng/g lipid; detection frequency 91%); however, 2,4,6-TBP was ubiquitously detected and present at higher concentrations with a mean concentration of 15.4ng/g lipid (range:1.31-316ng/g lipid; detection frequency 100%). BDE-209 was also detected in more than 50% of the samples, and was significantly associated with 2,4,6-TBP in placental tissues, suggesting they may have a similar source, or that 2,4,6-TBP may be a degradation product of BDE-209. Interestingly, BDE-209 and 2,4,6-TBP were negatively associated with age (rs=-0.16; p=0.10 and rs=-0.17; p=0.08, respectively). The results of this work indicate that PBDEs and 2,4,6-TBP bioaccumulate in human placenta tissue and likely contribute to prenatal exposures to these environmental contaminants. Future studies are needed to determine if these joint exposures are associated with any adverse health measures in infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig M Butt
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marie Lynn Miranda
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Sun J, Pan L, Zhan Y, Lu H, Tsang DCW, Liu W, Wang X, Li X, Zhu L. Contamination of phthalate esters, organochlorine pesticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in agricultural soils from the Yangtze River Delta of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:670-6. [PMID: 26674696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the pollution status associated with rapid urbanization and economic growth, extensive areas of agricultural soils (approximately 45,800 km(2)) in the Yangtze River Delta of China were investigated with respect to selected endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs), including phthalate esters (PAEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The residues of sum of 15 PAEs, sum of 15 OCPs and sum of 13 PBDEs were in the range of 167-9370 ng/g, 1.0-3520 ng/g, and <1.0-382 ng/g, respectively. The OCPs residuals originated from both historical usage and recent input. Agricultural plastic film was considered to be an important source of PAEs. Discharge from furniture industry was potential major source of PBDEs in this region. The selected pollutants showed quite different spatial distributions within the studied region. It is worth noting that much higher concentrations of the EDCs were found on the borders between Shanghai and the two neighboring provinces, where agriculture and industry developed rapidly in recent years. Contaminants from both agricultural and industrial activities made this area a pollution hotspot, which should arouse more stringent regulation to safeguard the environment and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianteng Sun
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lili Pan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hainan Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xilong Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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67
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Wang G, Peng J, Xu X, Zhang D, Li X. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments from the Southern Yellow Sea: Concentration, composition profile, source identification and mass inventory. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:2097-2105. [PMID: 26580721 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Yellow Sea (SYS) is believed to be influenced by the contaminants from mainland China and the Korean peninsula. Here we report the first record about concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the sediments of the SYS. The concentrations of ∑(7)PBDEs (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183) and BDE-209 were 0.064-0.807 ng g(-1) (dry weight) and 0.067-1.961 ng g(-1) with a mean value of 0.245 ng g(-1) and 0.652 ng g(-1), respectively. These are distinctively low compared with the PBDE levels previously reported in other regions of the world. PBDE concentrations gradually increased from the coastal areas to the central mud area. BDE-209 was the dominant congener, accounting for 70.2-91.6% of the total PBDEs. Congener profiles of PBDEs were similar to those in sediments from the Bohai Sea (BS), Laizhou Bay and modern Yellow River, which might be a tentative indication that they shared similar sources. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that PBDEs in the SYS were mainly from continental runoff (69.0%) and atmospheric deposition (31.0%). Depth profile of PBDEs in a sediment core collected from the edge of the central mud area showed that concentration of BDE-209 rapidly increased in recent years, which is in accordance with the replacement in demand and consumption of Penta- and Octa-BDEs by the Deca-BDE. Compared with BS, East China Sea, Erie and Ontario, the SYS was a relatively weak sink of PBDEs (0.102-1.288 t yr(-1) for ∑(7)PBDEs and 0.107-3.129 t yr(-1) for BDE-209) in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Jialin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dahai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Wang S, Wang Y, Luo C, Jiang L, Song M, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zhang G. Could Uptake and Acropetal Translocation of PBDEs by Corn Be Enhanced Following Cu Exposure? Evidence from a Root Damage Experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:856-863. [PMID: 26694851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cocontamination by heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is ubiquitous in the environment. Fate of POPs within soil/water-plant system is a significant concern and an area where much uncertainty still exists when plants suffered cotoxicity from POPs and metals. This study investigated the fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) when copper (Cu) was present within the soil/water-plant system using pot and hydroponic experiments. The presence of Cu was found to induce damage to the root cell membranes of corn (Zea mays L. cv. Nongda 108) with increasing concentration in both shoots and roots. The PBDE congeners BDE209 and BDE47 in shoots were also enhanced with the increasing electrolytic leakage from root, attributed to Cu damage, and the highest shoot BDE209 and BDE47 levels were observed under the highest Cu dosage. In addition, positive correlations were observed between the PBDE content of corn shoots and the electrolytic leakage of corn roots. These results indicated that within a defective root system, more PBDEs will penetrate the roots and are acropetally translocated in the shoots. The potential ecological risk associated with the translocation and accumulation of POPs into plant shoots needs careful reconsideration in media cocontaminated with metals and POPs, whereas often ignored or underestimated in environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorui Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chunling Luo
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Longfei Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengke Song
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- Lancaster university , Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
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Wang G, Peng J, Yang D, Zhang D, Li X. Current levels, composition profiles, source identification and potentially ecological risks of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the surface sediments from Bohai Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 101:834-844. [PMID: 26593279 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed to assess the environmental quality in the surface sediments from Bohai Sea (BS), China. Concentrations of ∑37PCBs, ∑7PBDEs and BDE-209 were 0.157-1.699, 0.100-0.479 and 0.464-6.438 ng/g (dry weight), respectively. All of these concentrations decreased generally from the coastal areas towards the outer sea, indicating intensive influences of anthropogenic activities. Principal component analysis (PCA) coupled with multiple linear regression (MLR) revealed that 82.1% of the PCBs in BS came from direct discharge of local anthropogenic activities, 16.3% from surface runoff of contaminated soils and 1.6% from atmospheric deposition. PBDEs were mainly derived from the usage and dismantling of products containing commercial Penta-, Octa- and Deca-BDEs. According to sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the ecological risks of PCBs could be negligible, and penta- and deca-BDE homologs might be the major contributors of ecological risks in the BS sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jialin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Dahai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Ding G, Yu J, Cui C, Chen L, Gao Y, Wang C, Zhou Y, Tian Y. Association between prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and young children's neurodevelopment in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:104-111. [PMID: 26133807 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has been dramatically increasing over the last two decades in China. Animal studies suggest that prenatal exposure to PBDEs may result in neurodevelopmental deficits. Two hundred thirty-two participating mothers were recruited from a prospective birth cohort in rural northern China between September 2010 and February 2012. We analyzed 232 cord blood specimens for selected PBDE congeners and examined their association with children's developmental quotients (DQs) at 12 (n=192) and 24 (n=149) months of age based on the Gesell Developmental Schedules (motor, adaptive, language, and social domains). There were no substantial differences by demographic characteristics among the three time points: baseline, 12 and 24 months of age. Median cord blood levels of PBDE congeners 47, 99, 100, and 153 were 3.71, 6.70, 2.63, and 2.19 ng/g lipid, respectively. At 12 months of age, neither the individual nor total (the sum of BDEs 47, 99, 100, and 153) congener levels were associated with any of the four domain DQs. However, at 24 months of age, a 10-fold increase in BDE-99 levels was associated with a 2.16-point decrease [95% confidence interval (CI): -4.52, -0.20] in language domain DQs and a 10-fold increase in BDE-47 levels was associated with a 1.89-point decrease (95% CI: -3.75, -0.03) in social domain DQs. Prenatal exposure to PBDEs was associated with lower DQs in young children. The results contribute to the growing evidence that PBDEs could act as developmental neurotoxicants,and the findings have implications for children's environmental health in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ding
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Cui
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease in China CDC, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caifeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tian
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Qu BL, Yu W, Huang YR, Cai BN, Du LH, Liu F. 6-OH-BDE-47 promotes human lung cancer cells epithelial mesenchymal transition via the AKT/Snail signal pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:271-279. [PMID: 25531265 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) have been detected in the various human tissues. The OH-PBDEs are suggested to be stronger endocrine-disrupting compounds than PBDEs, therefore the toxicological effects of OH-PBDEs had received lots of attention. However, there is no study about the carcinogenic effect of OH-PBDEs and their estrogen potencies on the tumorigenesis and development of cancer. In the present study, we found that 6-hydroxy-2,2',4',4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (6-OH-BDE-47), the most abundant OH-PBDE congeners in human serum, promoted the in vitro migration of lung cancer A549 and H358 cells by induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). This was confirmed by that 6-OH-BDE-47 significantly down regulated the expression of epithelial markers E-cadherin (E-Cad) and zona occludin-1 (ZO-1) while up regulated the mesenchymal markers vimentin (Vim) and N-cadherin (N-Cad). 6-OH-BDE-47 up regulated the protein while not mRNA levels of Snail, which was the key transcription factor of EMT. Silencing of Snail by use of siRNA attenuated the 6-OH-BDE-47 induced EMT. This suggested that the stabilization of Snail was essential for 6-OH-BDE-47 induced EMT. Further, the treatment of 6-OH-BDE-47 increased the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK in A549 cells. Only PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY294002), but not ERK inhibitor (PD98059), completely blocked the 6-OH-BDE-47 induced up regulation of Snail and down regulation of E-Cad, suggesting that PI3K/AKT pathway is important for 6-OH-BDE-47-mediated Snail stabilization and EMT in A549 cells. Generally, our results revealed for the first time that 6-OH-BDE-47 promoted the EMT of lung cancer cells via AKT/Snail signals. This suggested that more attention should be paid to the effects of OH-PBDEs on tumorigenesis and development of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Lin Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu-Rong Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bo-Ning Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Le-Hui Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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