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Nigro SE, Peugh J, Yolton K, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Beebe D. Early childhood sleep quantity, but not caregiver-reported sleep problems, predicts impulse control in children at age 8 years. Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:602-614. [PMID: 37621121 PMCID: PMC10891291 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2247602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Short duration of sleep and poor sleep quality have been linked to poor attention and impulse control in children. We aimed to determine the longitudinal predictive value of sleep quantity and quality during early childhood on objective and caregiver-report measures of attention, impulse control, and executive function in children at age 8 years. We used data from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a pregnancy and birth cohort. Caregivers reported on their child's sleep at ages 2, 2.5, 3, 4, and 5 years. Analysis included 410 participants. We used longitudinal growth curve models of early childhood sleep patterns to predict neurobehavioral functioning at age 8 years. Sleep problems did not predict any of our outcome measures at age 8 years. Sleep duration trended shorter as children matured, so predictive models examined both intercept and slope. Children with the least decline in sleep duration across early childhood had fewer impulsive errors at age 8 years on a continuous performance test (unadjusted p = .013; adjusted p = .013). Children with shorter duration of sleep across early childhood had worse caregiver-reported behavioral regulation at age 8 years (unadjusted p = .002; adjusted p = .043). Neither sleep duration slope nor intercept predicted inattention or metacognitive skills at age 8 years (p > .05). Total sleep time across early childhood predicts behavior regulation difficulties in school-aged children. Inadequate sleep during early childhood may be a marker for, or contribute to, poor development of a child's self-regulatory skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Nigro
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James Peugh
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Vancouver, BD, Canada
| | - Dean Beebe
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Folger AT, Ding L, Yolton K, Ammerman RT, Ji H, Frey JR, Bowers KA. Association between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and offspring epigenetic aging at 3-5 weeks. Ann Epidemiol 2024; 93:1-6. [PMID: 38479709 PMCID: PMC11031304 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic clocks are emerging as tools for assessing acceleration and deceleration of biological age during childhood. Maternal depression during pregnancy may affect the biological aging of offspring and related development. In a low-income cohort of mother-child dyads, we investigated the relationship between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and infant epigenetic age residuals, which represent the deviation (acceleration or deceleration) that exists between predicted biological age and chronological age. The epigenetic age residuals were derived from a pediatric-specific buccal epithelial clock. We hypothesized that maternal depressive symptoms, both sub-clinical and elevated (clinical level), would be associated with estimated biological age deceleration in offspring during early infancy. We analyzed data from 94 mother-child dyads using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and DNA methylation derived from offspring buccal cells collected at 3-5 weeks of age. There was a significant non-linear association between the EPDS score and epigenetic age residual (β = -0.017, 95% confidence interval: -0.03,-0.01, P = <0.01). The results indicated that infants of mothers with sub-clinical depressive symptoms had the lowest infant epigenetic age residuals while infants of mothers with no-to-low depressive symptoms had the highest and experienced biological age acceleration. Maternal depressive symptoms may influence the biological aging of offspring living in poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonzo T Folger
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Lili Ding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Robert T Ammerman
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Cell biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer R Frey
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Katherine A Bowers
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Lynch JD, Xu Y, Yolton K, Khoury JC, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Cecil KM, Braun JM, Epstein JN. [Formula: see text] Environmental predictors of children's executive functioning development. Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:615-635. [PMID: 37621102 PMCID: PMC10891297 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2247603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Executive functioning (EF) abilities develop through childhood, but this development can be impacted by various psychosocial environmental influences. Using longitudinal data from the Health Outcome and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort study, we examined if psychosocial environmental factors were significant predictors of EF development. Study participants comprised 271 children and their primary caregivers (98.5% mothers) followed from birth to age 12. We identified four distinct EF developmental trajectory groups comprising a consistently impaired group (13.3%), a descending impairment group (27.7%), an ascending impairment group (9.95%), and a consistently not impaired group (49.1%). Higher levels of maternal ADHD and relational frustration appear to be risk factors for increased EF difficulty over time, while higher family income may serve as a protective factor delaying predisposed EF impairment. Important intervention targets might include teaching positive and effective parenting strategies to mothers whose children are at risk for EF dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Lynch
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, 45 W. Corry Blvd, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Center for ADHD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 10006, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yingying Xu
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7035, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jane C. Khoury
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 234 Goodman St, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, 121 South Main St, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jeffery N. Epstein
- Center for ADHD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 10006, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Cecil KM, Xu Y, Chen A, Khoury J, Altaye M, Braun JM, Sjodin A, Lanphear BP, Newman N, Strawn JR, Vuong AM, Yolton K. Gestational PBDE concentrations, persistent externalizing, and emerging internalizing behaviors in adolescents: The HOME study. Environ Res 2024; 252:118981. [PMID: 38663667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental chemicals used as flame retardants in commercial and consumer products. Gestational PBDE concentrations are associated with adverse behaviors in children; however, the persistence of these associations into adolescence remains understudied. OBJECTIVE We estimated the association of gestational PBDE serum concentrations with early adolescent self- and caregiver-reported behaviors at age 12 years and determined the consistency with previously observed associations in childhood with caregiver-reported behaviors in a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort. METHODS We measured maternal serum concentrations of five individual PBDE congeners and created a summary exposure variable (∑5BDE: 28, -47, -99, -100 and -153) during pregnancy. At age 12 years, we assessed behaviors for 237 adolescents using self- and caregiver-reports with the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-3 (BASC3). We used multivariable linear regression models to estimate covariate-adjusted associations of lipid standardized, log10-transformed gestational PBDE concentrations with BASC3 scores. We obtained estimates and 95% confidence intervals through a bootstrapping approach. We evaluated potential effect measure modification (EMM) of adolescent sex by examining sex-stratified regression models and estimating the EMM p-values. RESULTS Gestational PBDE concentrations were positively associated with adolescent-reported BASC3 composite indices for inattention & hyperactivity (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, ∑5BDE), internalizing problems (BDE-28, -47, -99), functional impairment (BDE-28, ∑5BDE), and emotional symptoms (BDE-28). Gestational PBDE concentrations were positively associated with caregiver-reported BASC3 composite indices for externalizing problems (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, ∑5BDE) and behavioral symptoms (BDE-99). For caregiver reported behaviors, we observed stronger associations with gestational BDE concentrations among males, especially for executive functioning (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, ∑5BDE). DISCUSSION Gestational PBDE serum concentrations were associated with self-reported internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in early adolescence. Caregiver-reported externalizing behaviors recognized during childhood remain associated with gestational PBDE concentrations and persist into early adolescence. Internalizing behaviors were less recognized by caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jane Khoury
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andreas Sjodin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Department of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
| | - Nicholas Newman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Mendy A, Burcham S, Merianos AL, Mersha TB, Yolton K, Chen A, Mahabee-Gittens EM. Urinary Volatile Organic Compound Metabolites Are Associated with Reduced Lung Function in U.S. Children and Adolescents. Toxics 2024; 12:289. [PMID: 38668512 PMCID: PMC11054577 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are indoor pollutants absorbed by inhalation. The association of several VOCs with lung function in children and adolescents is unknown. (2) Methods: We analyzed 505 participants, 6-17-year-olds from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to estimate the associations of VOC metabolites with spirometry outcomes adjusting for covariates. (3) Results: Urinary metabolites of xylene, acrylamide, acrolein, 1,3-butadiene, cyanide, toluene, 1-bromopropane, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide, styrene, ethylbenzene, and crotonaldehyde were all detected in ≥64.5% of participants. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted was lower in participants with higher levels of metabolites of acrylamide (β: -7.95, 95% CI: -13.69, -2.21) and styrene (β: -6.33, 95% CI: -11.60, -1.07), whereas the FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio % was lower in children with higher propylene oxide metabolite levels (β: -2.05, 95% CI: -3.49, -0.61). FEV1 % predicted was lower with higher crotonaldehyde metabolite levels only in overweight/obese participants (β: -15.42, 95% CI: -26.76, -4.08) (Pinteraction < 0.001) and with higher 1-bromopropane metabolite levels only in those with serum cotinine > 1 ng/mL (β: -6.26, 95% CI: -9.69, -2.82) (Pinteraction < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: We found novel associations of metabolites for acrylamide, propylene oxide, styrene, 1-bromopropane and crotonaldehyde with lower lung function in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelico Mendy
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Burcham
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Ashley L. Merianos
- School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
| | - Tesfaye B. Mersha
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Mourino N, Zhang Z, Pérez-Ríos M, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A, Buckley JP, Kalkwarf HJ, Cecil KM, Braun JM. Early life exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and eating behaviors at age 12 years. Environ Health 2024; 23:37. [PMID: 38609912 PMCID: PMC11015554 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal or early childhood secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure increases obesity risk. However, the potential mechanisms underlying this association are unclear, but obesogenic eating behaviors are one pathway that components of SHS could perturb. Our aim was to assess associations of prenatal and early childhood SHS exposure with adolescent eating behaviors. METHODS Data came from a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort (N = 207, Cincinnati, OH). With multiple informant models, we estimated associations of prenatal (mean of 16 and 26 weeks of gestation maternal serum cotinine concentrations) and early childhood cotinine (average concentration across ages 12, 24, 36, and 48 months) with eating behaviors at age 12 years (Child Eating Behaviors Questionnaire). We tested whether associations differed by exposure periods and adolescent's sex. Models adjusted for maternal and child covariates. RESULTS We found no statistically significant associations between cotinine measures and adolescent's eating behaviors. Yet, in females, prenatal cotinine was associated with greater food responsiveness (β: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.38) and lower satiety responsiveness (β: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.02); in males, prenatal and postnatal cotinine was related to lower food responsiveness (prenatal: β: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.04, -0.06; postnatal: β: -0.36; 95% CI: -0.06, -0.11). No significant effect modification by sex or exposure window was found for other eating behaviors. CONCLUSION Prenatal and early childhood SHS exposures were not related to adolescent's eating behavior in this cohort; however, biological sex may modify these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mourino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Zhuoya Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Mónica Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Buckley JP, Zhou J, Marquess KM, Lanphear BP, Cecil KM, Chen A, Sears CG, Xu Y, Yolton K, Kalkwarf HJ, Braun JM, Kuiper JR. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and bone mineral content in early adolescence: Modification by diet and physical activity. Environ Res 2024; 252:118872. [PMID: 38580001 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures may negatively impact bone mineral accrual, but little is known about potential mitigators of this relation. We assessed whether associations of PFAS and their mixture with bone mineral content (BMC) in adolescence were modified by diet and physical activity. METHODS We included 197 adolescents enrolled in a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio (2003-2006). At age 12 years, we collected serum for PFAS measurements and used dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to measure BMC. We calculated dietary calcium intake and Health Eating Index (HEI) scores from repeated 24-h dietary recalls, physical activity scores using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), and average moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) based on accelerometry. We estimated covariate-adjusted differences in BMC z-scores per interquartile range (IQR) increase of individual PFAS concentrations using linear regression and per simultaneous IQR increase in all four PFAS using g-computation. We evaluated effect measure modification (EMM) using interaction terms between each modifier and PFAS. RESULTS Higher serum perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, and perfluorononanoic acid concentrations and the PFAS mixture were associated with lower BMC z-scores. An IQR increase in all PFAS was associated with a 0.27 (-0.54, 0.01) lower distal radius BMC z-score. Associations with lower BMC were generally stronger among adolescents classified as < median for calcium intake, HEI scores, or MVPA compared to those ≥ median. The difference in distal radius BMC z-score per IQR increase in all PFAS was -0.38 (-0.72, -0.04) for those with CONCLUSION Healthy, calcium-rich diets and higher intensity physical activity may mitigate the adverse impact of PFAS on adolescent bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Katherine M Marquess
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Clara G Sears
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Jordan R Kuiper
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, D.C., USA
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Laue HE, Lanphear BP, Calafat AM, Cecil KM, Chen A, Xu Y, Kalkwarf HJ, Madan JC, Karagas MR, Yolton K, Fleisch AF, Braun JM. Time-varying associations of gestational and childhood triclosan with pubertal and adrenarchal outcomes in early adolescence. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e305. [PMID: 38617430 PMCID: PMC11008648 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Triclosan is an endocrine-disrupting chemical, but associations with pubertal outcomes remain unclear. We examined associations of gestational and childhood triclosan with adolescent hormone concentrations and pubertal stage. Methods We quantified urinary triclosan concentrations twice during pregnancy and seven times between birth and 12 years in participants recruited from Cincinnati, OH (2003-2006). We averaged concentrations across pregnancy and childhood and separately considered individual exposure periods in multiple informant models. At 12 years, we measured serum hormone concentrations (males [n = 72] and females [n = 84]-dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone; males-testosterone; females-estradiol). Also at age 12 years, participants self-reported physical development and menarchal timing. We estimated associations (95% confidence interval) of triclosan with hormone concentrations, more advanced physical development, and age at menarche. Results For females, each doubling of childhood triclosan was associated with 16% lower estradiol concentrations (-29%, 0%), with stronger associations for measures closer to adolescence. We found suggestive evidence that higher triclosan at any age was associated with ~10% (for gestational triclosan: -18%, -2%) lower follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations among males and early postnatal (1-3 years) triclosan was associated with 63% (5%, 96%) lower odds of advanced pubic hair development in females. In multiple informant models, each doubling of gestational triclosan concentrations was associated with 5% (0%, 9%) earlier age at menarche, equivalent to 5.5 months. Conclusion Gestational and childhood triclosan concentrations were related to some pubertal outcomes including hormone concentrations and age at menarche. Our findings highlight the relevance of elucidating potential sex-specific and time-dependent actions of triclosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Laue
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Juliette C. Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Abby F. Fleisch
- Center for Interdisciplinary and Population Health Research, Maine Institute for Research, Portland, Maine
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Zhong C, Rando J, Patti MA, Braun JM, Chen A, Xu Y, Lanphear BP, Yolton K, Croen LA, Fallin MD, Hertz-Picciotto I, Newschaffer CJ, Lyall K. Gestational thyroid hormones and autism-related traits in the EARLI and HOME studies. Autism Res 2024; 17:716-727. [PMID: 38436527 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential for neurodevelopment. Few studies have considered associations with quantitatively measured autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related traits, which may help elucidate associations for a broader population. Participants were drawn from two prospective pregnancy cohorts: the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI), enrolling pregnant women who already had a child with ASD, and the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, following pregnant women from the greater Cincinnati, OH area. Gestational thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured in mid-pregnancy 16 (±3) weeks gestation serum samples. ASD-related traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at ages 3-8 years. The association was examined using quantile regression, adjusting for maternal and sociodemographic factors. 278 participants (132 from EARLI, 146 from HOME) were included. TSH distributions were similar across cohorts, while FT4 levels were higher in EARLI compared to HOME. In pooled analyses, particularly for those in the highest SRS quantile (95th percentile), higher FT4 levels were associated with increasing SRS scores (β = 5.21, 95% CI = 0.93, 9.48), and higher TSH levels were associated with decreasing SRS scores (β = -6.94, 95% CI = -11.04, -2.83). The association between TSH and SRS remained significant in HOME for the 95% percentile of SRS scores (β = -6.48, 95% CI = -12.16, -0.80), but not EARLI. Results for FT4 were attenuated when examined in the individual cohorts. Our results add to evidence that gestational thyroid hormones may be associated with ASD-related outcomes by suggesting that relationships may differ across the distribution of ASD-related traits and by familial likelihood of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caichen Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juliette Rando
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marisa A Patti
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Craig J Newschaffer
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Duraccio KM, Xu Y, Beebe DW, Lanphear B, Chen A, Braun JM, Kalkwarf H, Cecil KM, Yolton K. High levels of sleep disturbance across early childhood increases cardiometabolic disease risk index in early adolescence: longitudinal sleep analysis using the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad318. [PMID: 38092369 PMCID: PMC10925946 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study examines the impact of sleep duration, bedtime, and sleep disturbance during early childhood on the risk of cardiometabolic disorder (CMD) in early adolescence. METHODS Within the Health Outcomes and Measures of Environment Study, we examined sleep patterns of 330 children from ages 2 to 8 years and the relationship of these sleep patterns with cardiometabolic risk measures at age 12 (N = 220). We used a group-based semi-parametric mixture model to identify distinct trajectories in sleep duration, bedtime timing, and sleep disturbance for the entire sample. We then examined the associations between sleep trajectories and CMD risk measures using general linear models using both an unadjusted model (no covariates) and an adjusted model (adjusting for child pubertal stage, child sex, duration of breastfeeding, household income, maternal education, and maternal serum cotinine). RESULTS In the unadjusted and adjusted models, we found significant differences in CMD risk scores by trajectories of sleep disturbance. Children in the "high" disturbance trajectory had higher CMD risk scores than those in the 'low' disturbance trajectory (p's = 0.002 and 0.039, respectively). No significant differences in CMD risk were observed for bedtime timing or total sleep time trajectories in the unadjusted or adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, caregiver-reported sleep disturbance in early childhood was associated with more adverse cardiometabolic profiles in early adolescence. Our findings suggest that trials to reduce CMD risk via sleep interventions-which have been conducted in adolescents and adults-may be implemented too late.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dean W Beebe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Heidi Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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11
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Liu SH, Chen Y, Feuerstahler L, Chen A, Starling A, Dabelea D, Wang X, Cecil K, Lanphear B, Yolton K, Braun JM, Buckley JP. The U.S. PFAS exposure burden calculator for 2017-2018: Application to the HOME Study, with comparison of epidemiological findings from NHANES. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 102:107321. [PMID: 38224844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2017-2018 U.S. PFAS exposure burden calculator was designed to provide a summary exposure score for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) mixtures using targeted PFAS analyte data. Its aim was to place PFAS burden score estimates onto a common scale based on nationally representative U.S. reference ranges from 2017 to 2018, enabling comparisons of overall PFAS burden scores across studies even if they did not measure the same set of PFAS analytes. OBJECTIVE To use the U.S. PFAS exposure burden calculator for comparing the same mixture of PFAS compounds in similarly aged adolescents and their associations with cardiometabolic outcomes in the HOME Study and NHANES between 2015 and 2018. METHODS We applied the PFAS burden calculator to 8 PFAS analytes measured in the serum of adolescents from the HOME Study (Cincinnati, Ohio; age range 11-14 years; years: 2016-2019; n = 207) and NHANES (US; age range 12-14 years; years 2015-2018; n = 245). We used the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and chi-squared test to compare the two study samples. In both studies, we examined associations of PFAS burden scores with the same cardiometabolic outcomes, adjusted for the same core set of covariates using regression analyses. We conducted sensitivity analyses to verify robustness of exposure-outcome associations, by accounting for measurement error of PFAS burden scores. RESULTS PFAS burden scores were significantly different (p = 0.004) between the HOME Study (median: 0.00, interquartile range - 0.37, 0.34) and the NHANES samples (median: 0.04, IQR -0.11, 0.54), while no significant difference was found for PFAS summed concentrations (p = 0.661). In the HOME Study, an interquartile (IQR) increase in PFAS burden score was associated with higher total cholesterol [7.0 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.6, 13.4]; HDL [2.8 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.4, 5.2]; LDL [5.9 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.5, 11.3], insulin [0.1 log(mIU/L), 95% CI: 0.01, 0.2], and HOMA-IR [0.1, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.2]. In NHANES, an IQR increase in PFAS burden score was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure [2.4 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.4, 4.4] but not with other outcomes. Sensitivity analyses in the HOME Study and NHANES were consistent with the main findings. CONCLUSIONS Performance of the U.S. PFAS exposure burden calculator was similar in a local versus national sample of adolescents, and may be a useful tool for the assessment of PFAS mixtures across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley H Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
| | - Yitong Chen
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Anne Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Kim Cecil
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati
| | | | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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12
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Kuiper JR, Liu SH, Lanphear BP, Calafat AM, Cecil KM, Xu Y, Yolton K, Kalkwarf HJ, Chen A, Braun JM, Buckley JP. Estimating effects of longitudinal and cumulative exposure to PFAS mixtures on early adolescent body composition. Am J Epidemiol 2024:kwae014. [PMID: 38400650 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Few methods have been used to characterize repeatedly measured biomarkers of chemical mixtures. We applied latent profile analysis (LPA) to serum concentrations of four perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at four timepoints from gestation to age 12 years. We evaluated the relations between profiles and z-scores of height, body mass index, fat mass index, and lean body mass index at age 12 years (n = 218). We compared LPA findings with an alternative approach for cumulative PFAS mixtures using g-computation to estimate the effect of simultaneously increasing the area under the curve (AUC) for all PFAS. We identified two profiles: a higher (35% of sample) and lower PFAS profile (relative to each other), based on their average PFAS concentrations at all timepoints. The higher PFAS profile had generally lower z-scores for all outcomes, with somewhat larger effects for males, though all CIs crossed the null. For example, the higher PFAS profile was associated with a -0.50 (95% CI: -1.07, 0.08) lower BMI z-score among males but not females (0.04; 95% CI: -0.45, 0.54). We observed similar patterns with AUCs. We found that higher childhood PFAS profile and higher cumulative PFAS mixtures may be associated with altered growth in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Kuiper
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Shelley H Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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13
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Sears CG, Liu Y, Lanphear BP, Buckley JP, Meyer J, Xu Y, Chen A, Yolton K, Braun JM. Evaluating Mixtures of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Serum Per-/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Relation to Adolescent Hair Cortisol: The HOME Study. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:454-468. [PMID: 37846096 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Results of toxicological studies indicate that phthalates and per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), 2 classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, may alter the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. We evaluated the associations of urinary phthalate metabolites and serum PFAS during gestation and childhood with adolescent hair cortisol concentrations (pg/mg hair) at age 12 years, an integrative marker of HPA axis activity (n = 205 mother-child pairs; Cincinnati, Ohio; enrolled 2003-2006). We used quantile-based g-computation to estimate associations between mixtures of urinary phthalate metabolites or serum PFAS and hair cortisol. We also examined whether associations of individual phthalate metabolites or PFAS with cortisol varied by the timing of exposure. We found that a 1-quartile increase in all childhood phthalate metabolites was associated with 35% higher adolescent hair cortisol (phthalate mixture ψ = 0.13; 95% confidence interval: 0.03, 0.22); these associations were driven by monoethyl phthalate, monoisobutyl phthalate, and monobenzyl phthalate. We did not find evidence that phthalate metabolites during gestation or serum PFAS mixtures were related to adolescent hair cortisol concentrations. We found suggestive evidence that higher childhood concentrations of individual PFAS were related to higher and lower adolescent hair cortisol concentrations. Our results suggest that phthalate exposure during childhood may contribute to higher levels of chronic HPA axis activity.
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14
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Fleury ES, Kuiper JR, Buckley JP, Papandonatos GD, Cecil KM, Chen A, Eaton CB, Kalkwarf HJ, Lanphear BP, Yolton K, Braun JM. Evaluating the association between longitudinal exposure to a PFAS mixture and adolescent cardiometabolic risk in the HOME Study. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e289. [PMID: 38343730 PMCID: PMC10852393 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) throughout gestation and childhood may impact cardiometabolic risk. Methods In 179 HOME Study participants (Cincinnati, OH; recruited 2003-2006), we used latent profile analysis to identify two distinct patterns of PFAS exposure from serum concentrations of four PFAS measured at birth and ages 3, 8, and 12 years. We assessed the homeostatic model of insulin resistance, triglycerides-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, systolic blood pressure, visceral fat, and hemoglobin A1c levels at age 12 years. We used multivariable linear regression to assess the association of membership in the longitudinal PFAS mixture exposure group with a summary measure of overall cardiometabolic risk and individual components. Results One PFAS exposure profile (n = 66, 39%) had higher geometric means of all PFAS across all visits than the other. Although adjusted associations were null in the full sample, child sex modified the association of longitudinal PFAS mixture exposure group with overall cardiometabolic risk, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, systolic blood pressure, and visceral fat (interaction term P values: 0.02-0.08). Females in the higher exposure group had higher cardiometabolic risk scores (ß = 0.43; 95% CI = -0.08, 0.94), systolic blood pressures (ß = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.1, 1.1), and visceral fat (ß = 0.44; 95% CI = -0.13, 1.01); males had lower cardiometabolic risk scores (ß = -0.52; 95% CI = -1.06, -0.06), leptin-to-adiponectin ratios (ß = -0.7; 95% CI = -1.29, -0.1), systolic blood pressures (ß = -0.14; 95% CI = -0.7, 0.41), and visceral fat (ß = -0.52; 95% CI = -0.84, -0.19). Conclusions Exposure to this PFAS mixture throughout childhood may have sex-specific effects on adolescent cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan R. Kuiper
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, D.C
| | - Jessie P. Buckley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI
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15
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Mendy A, Percy Z, Braun JM, Lanphear B, La Guardia MJ, Hale RC, Yolton K, Chen A. Prenatal exposure to replacement flame retardants and organophosphate esters and childhood adverse respiratory outcomes. Environ Res 2024; 240:117523. [PMID: 37925128 PMCID: PMC10696592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of prenatal exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) and replacement brominated flame retardants (RBFRs) with respiratory outcomes has not been previously investigated in humans, despite reports that these chemicals can cross the placenta and alter lung development as well as immune functions. METHODS In a cohort of 342 pregnant women recruited between 2003 and 2006 in the greater Cincinnati, Ohio Metropolitan area, we measured indoor dust OPEs and RBFRs at 20 weeks of gestation and urinary OPEs at 16 and 26 weeks of gestation and at delivery. We performed generalized estimating equations and linear mixed models adjusting for covariates to determine the associations of prenatal OPEs and RBFRs exposures with adverse respiratory outcomes in childhood, reported every six months until age 5 years and with lung function at age 5 years. We used multiple informant modeling to examine time-specific associations between maternal urinary OPEs and the outcomes. RESULTS Dust concentrations of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) (RR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.18-1.66), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (RR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.23-1.85), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (RR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.28-1.94) were associated with higher risk of wheezing during childhood. Dust TPHP concentrations were associated with higher risk of respiratory infections (RR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.08-1.94), and dust tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate concentrations were associated with hay fever/allergies (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21). We also found that dust tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate loadings were associated with lower lung function. Urinary OPEs mainly at week 16 of gestation tended to be associated with adverse respiratory outcome, while bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate and diphenyl phosphate at delivery were associated with lower risk of hay fever/allergies. CONCLUSIONS In-utero exposure to OPEs and RBFRs may be a risk factor for adverse respiratory outcomes in childhood, depending on the timing of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelico Mendy
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Zana Percy
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Mark J La Guardia
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
| | - Robert C Hale
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Yu EX, Braun JM, Lyall K, Hertz-Picciotto I, Fallin MD, Croen LA, Chen A, Xu Y, Yolton K, Newschaffer CJ, Hamra GB. A Mixture of Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations During Pregnancy and Offspring Social Responsiveness Scale Scores. Epidemiology 2024; 35:84-93. [PMID: 37820223 PMCID: PMC10842958 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are a group of chemicals with ubiquitous exposure worldwide. Exposures to phthalates during pregnancy may play a role in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) etiology by disrupting hormone levels or directly impacting fetal neurodevelopment. However, there is little research quantifying the aggregate effect of phthalates on child ASD-related behaviors. METHODS We used data from two prospective pregnancy and birth cohorts-the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) and the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI). HOME is a general population cohort while participants in EARLI were at higher familial risk for ASD. Using quantile g-computation and linear regression models, we assessed the joint and individual associations of a mixture of six phthalate metabolites during pregnancy with child ASD-related traits measured by Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores at ages 3-8 years. RESULTS Our analyses included 271 participants from HOME and 166 participants from EARLI. There were imprecise associations between the phthalate mixture and SRS total raw scores in HOME (difference in SRS scores per decile increase in every phthalate = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.2, 2.8) and EARLI (difference in SRS scores per decile increase in every phthalate = -0.9; 95% CI = -3.5, 1.7). CONCLUSIONS The cohort-specific effect sizes of the pthalates-SRS associations were small and CIs were imprecise. These results suggest that if there are associations between phthalate metabolites during pregnancy and child SRS scores, they may differ across populations with different familial liabilities. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma X. Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences and The MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Lisa A. Croen
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Craig J. Newschaffer
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ghassan B. Hamra
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Hall AM, Fleury E, Papandonatos GD, Buckley JP, Cecil KM, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Yolton K, Walker DI, Pennell KD, Braun JM, Manz KE. Associations of a Prenatal Serum Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Mixture with the Cord Serum Metabolome in the HOME Study. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:21627-21636. [PMID: 38091497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous and persistent chemicals associated with multiple adverse health outcomes; however, the biological pathways affected by these chemicals are unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we used data from 264 mother-infant dyads in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study and employed quantile-based g-computation to estimate covariate-adjusted associations between a prenatal (∼16 weeks' gestation) serum PFAS mixture [perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)] and 14,402 features measured in cord serum. The PFAS mixture was associated with four features: PFOS, PFHxS, a putatively identified metabolite (3-monoiodo-l-thyronine 4-O-sulfate), and an unidentified feature (590.0020 m/z and 441.4 s retention time; false discovery rate <0.20). Using pathway enrichment analysis coupled with quantile-based g-computation, the PFAS mixture was associated with 49 metabolic pathways, most notably amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid and cofactor and vitamin metabolism, as well as glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (P(Gamma) <0.05). Future studies should assess if these pathways mediate associations of prenatal PFAS exposure with infant or child health outcomes, such as birthweight or vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Elvira Fleury
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - George D Papandonatos
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Katherine E Manz
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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18
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Welch BM, Keil AP, Buckley JP, Engel SM, James-Todd T, Zota AR, Alshawabkeh AN, Barrett ES, Bloom MS, Bush NR, Cordero JF, Dabelea D, Eskenazi B, Lanphear BP, Padmanabhan V, Sathyanarayana S, Swan SH, Aalborg J, Baird DD, Binder AM, Bradman A, Braun JM, Calafat AM, Cantonwine DE, Christenbury KE, Factor-Litvak P, Harley KG, Hauser R, Herbstman JB, Hertz-Picciotto I, Holland N, Jukic AMZ, McElrath TF, Meeker JD, Messerlian C, Michels KB, Newman RB, Nguyen RH, O’Brien KM, Rauh VA, Redmon B, Rich DQ, Rosen EM, Schmidt RJ, Sparks AE, Starling AP, Wang C, Watkins DJ, Weinberg CR, Weinberger B, Wenzel AG, Wilcox AJ, Yolton K, Zhang Y, Ferguson KK. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Phthalate Exposure and Preterm Birth: A Pooled Study of Sixteen U.S. Cohorts. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:127015. [PMID: 38117586 PMCID: PMC10732302 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalate exposures are ubiquitous during pregnancy and may contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in preterm birth. OBJECTIVES We investigated race and ethnicity in the relationship between biomarkers of phthalate exposure and preterm birth by examining: a) how hypothetical reductions in racial and ethnic disparities in phthalate metabolites might reduce the probability of preterm birth; and b) exposure-response models stratified by race and ethnicity. METHODS We pooled individual-level data on 6,045 pregnancies from 16 U.S. cohorts. We investigated covariate-adjusted differences in nine urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations by race and ethnicity [non-Hispanic White (White, 43%), non-Hispanic Black (Black, 13%), Hispanic/Latina (38%), and Asian/Pacific Islander (3%)]. Using g-computation, we estimated changes in the probability of preterm birth under hypothetical interventions to eliminate disparities in levels of urinary phthalate metabolites by proportionally lowering average concentrations in Black and Hispanic/Latina participants to be approximately equal to the averages in White participants. We also used race and ethnicity-stratified logistic regression to characterize associations between phthalate metabolites and preterm birth. RESULTS In comparison with concentrations among White participants, adjusted mean phthalate metabolite concentrations were consistently higher among Black and Hispanic/Latina participants by 23%-148% and 4%-94%, respectively. Asian/Pacific Islander participants had metabolite levels that were similar to those of White participants. Hypothetical interventions to reduce disparities in metabolite mixtures were associated with lower probabilities of preterm birth for Black [13% relative reduction; 95% confidence interval (CI): - 34 % , 8.6%] and Hispanic/Latina (9% relative reduction; 95% CI: - 19 % , 0.8%) participants. Odds ratios for preterm birth in association with phthalate metabolites demonstrated heterogeneity by race and ethnicity for two individual metabolites (mono-n-butyl and monoisobutyl phthalate), with positive associations that were larger in magnitude observed among Black or Hispanic/Latina participants. CONCLUSIONS Phthalate metabolite concentrations differed substantially by race and ethnicity. Our results show hypothetical interventions to reduce population-level racial and ethnic disparities in biomarkers of phthalate exposure could potentially reduce the probability of preterm birth. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12831.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett M. Welch
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Jessie P. Buckley
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ami R. Zota
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Emily S. Barrett
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Nicole R. Bush
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Dana Dabelea
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shanna H. Swan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenny Aalborg
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Donna D. Baird
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Asa Bradman
- University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | | | - Antonia M. Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Kate E. Christenbury
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., a DLH Holdings Company, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kim G. Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Anne Marie Z. Jukic
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - John D. Meeker
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karin B. Michels
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roger B. Newman
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ruby H.N. Nguyen
- University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katie M. O’Brien
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Virginia A. Rauh
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce Redmon
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David Q. Rich
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Emma M. Rosen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Anne P. Starling
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christina Wang
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, West Carson, California, USA
| | - Deborah J. Watkins
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Clarice R. Weinberg
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barry Weinberger
- Cohen Children’s Medical Center of New York, Northwell Health, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Abby G. Wenzel
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Allen J. Wilcox
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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19
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Lowe J, Bann CM, Dempsey AG, Fuller J, Taylor HG, Gustafson KE, Watson VE, Vohr BR, Das A, Shankaran S, Yolton K, Ball MB, Hintz SR. Do Bayley-III Composite Scores at 18-22 Months Corrected Age Predict Full-Scale IQ at 6-7 Years in Children Born Extremely Preterm? J Pediatr 2023; 263:113700. [PMID: 37640232 PMCID: PMC10840976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the ability of the Bayley-III cognitive and language composite scores at 18-22 months corrected age to predict WISC-IV Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) at 6-7 years in infants born extremely preterm. STUDY DESIGN Children in this study were part of the Neuroimaging and Neurodevelopmental Outcome cohort, a secondary study to the SUPPORT trial and born 240/7-276/7 weeks gestational age. Bayley-III cognitive and language scores and WISC-IV FSIQ were compared with pairwise Pearson correlation coefficients and adjusted for medical and socioeconomic variables using linear mixed effect regression models. RESULTS Bayley-III cognitive (r = 0.33) and language scores (r = 0.44) were mildly correlated with WISC-IV FSIQ score. Of the children with Bayley-III cognitive scores of <70, 67% also had FSIQ of <70. There was less consistency for children with Bayley-III scores in the 85-100 range; 43% had an FSIQ of <85 and 10% an FSIQ of <70. Among those with Bayley-III language scores >100, approximately 1 in 5 had an FSIQ of <85. A cut point of 92 for the cognitive composite score resulted in sensitivity (0.60), specificity (0.64). A cut point of 88 for the language composite score produced sensitivity (0.61), specificity (0.70). CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate the Bayley-III cognitive and language scores correlate with later IQ, but may fail to predict delay or misclassify children who are not delayed at school age. The Bayley-III can be a useful tool to help identify children born extremely preterm who have below average cognitive scores and may be at the greatest risk for ongoing cognitive difficulties. TRIAL REGISTRATION Extended Follow-up at School Age for the SUPPORT Neuroimaging and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes (NEURO) Cohort: NCT00233324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Carla M Bann
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Allison G Dempsey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Hospital, Denver, CO
| | - Janell Fuller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM.
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kathryn E Gustafson
- Department of Pediatrics, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Betty R Vohr
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Abhik Das
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Seetha Shankaran
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville, MD
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - M Bethany Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Susan R Hintz
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA
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Mendy A, Percy Z, Braun JM, Lanphear B, La Guardia MJ, Hale R, Yolton K, Chen A. Exposure to dust organophosphate and replacement brominated flame retardants during infancy and risk of subsequent adverse respiratory outcomes. Environ Res 2023; 235:116560. [PMID: 37419195 PMCID: PMC10528780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are highly exposed to flame retardants in indoor environments, partly through inhalation. However, the associations of early life exposure to novel organophosphate (OPFRs) and replacement brominated flame retardants (RBFRs) with adverse respiratory outcomes during childhood are unclear. METHODS We used a prospective birth cohort of 234 children recruited from the greater Cincinnati, Ohio metropolitan area between 2003 and 2006. OPFRs and RBFRs were analyzed in dust sampled from the homes' main activity room and the children's bedroom floor at child age 1 year. Caregivers reported subsequent respiratory symptoms every six months until child age 5 years and we measured forced expiratory volume in 1 s as well as peak expiratory flow (PEF) at child age 5 years. We performed generalized estimating equations and linear regression modeling adjusted for covariates to examine the exposure-outcome associations. RESULTS Geometric means (GMs) (standard error [SE]) for dust concentrations were 10.27 (0.63) μg/g for total OPFRs (ΣOPFRs) and 0.48 (0.04) μg/g for total RBFRs (ΣRBFRs); GMs (SE) for dust loadings were 2.82 (0.26) μg/m2 for ΣOPFRs and 0.13 (0.01) μg/m2 for ΣRBFRs. Dust ∑OPFRs concentrations at age 1 year were associated with higher subsequent risks of wheezing (relative risk [RR]: 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-2.34), respiratory infections (RR: 4.01, 95% CI: 1.95-8.24), and hay fever/allergies (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.10-1.60), whereas ∑OPFRs dust loadings at age 1 year were associated with higher risks of subsequent respiratory infections (RR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.05-3.34) and hay fever/allergies (RR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.19-1.51). PEF (mL/min) was lower with higher ∑OPFRs dust loadings (β: -12.10, 95% CI: -21.10, -3.10) and with the RBFR bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (β: -9.05, 95% CI: -17.67, -0.43). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to OPFRs and RBFRs during infancy may be a risk factor for adverse respiratory outcomes during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelico Mendy
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Zana Percy
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Mark J La Guardia
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
| | - Robert Hale
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of General Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Nidey N, Bowers K, Ding L, Ji H, Ammerman RT, Yolton K, Mahabee-Gittens EM, Folger AT. Neonatal AVPR1a Methylation and In-Utero Exposure to Maternal Smoking. Toxics 2023; 11:855. [PMID: 37888705 PMCID: PMC10611161 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Epigenetic changes have been proposed as a biologic link between in-utero exposure to maternal smoking and health outcomes. Therefore, we examined if in-utero exposure to maternal smoking was associated with infant DNA methylation (DNAm) of cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotides (CpG sites) in the arginine vasopressin receptor 1A AVPR1a gene. The AVPR1a gene encodes a receptor that interacts with the arginine vasopressin hormone and may influence physiological stress regulation, blood pressure, and child development. (2) Methods: Fifty-two infants were included in this cohort study. Multivariable linear models were used to examine the effect of in-utero exposure to maternal smoking on the mean DNAm of CpG sites located at AVPR1a. (3) Results: After adjusting the model for substance use, infants with in-utero exposure to maternal smoking had a reduction in DNAm at AVPR1a CpG sites by -0.02 (95% CI -0.03, -0.01) at one month of age. In conclusion, in-utero exposure to tobacco smoke can lead to differential patterns of DNAm of AVPR1a among infants. Conclusions: Future studies are needed to identify how gene expression in response to early environmental exposures contributes to health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Nidey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Katherine Bowers
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (K.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Lili Ding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (K.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Robert T. Ammerman
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Alonzo T. Folger
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (K.B.); (L.D.)
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Yang W, Braun JM, Vuong AM, Percy Z, Xu Y, Xie C, Deka R, Calafat AM, Ospina M, Yolton K, Cecil KM, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Patterns of urinary organophosphate ester metabolite trajectories in children: the HOME Study. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00605-2. [PMID: 37777668 PMCID: PMC10988284 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have replaced flame retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers as flame retardants in consumer products, but few longitudinal studies have characterized childhood OPE exposure. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the exposure pattern of urinary OPE metabolites in children. METHODS We quantified three urinary OPE metabolites five times in children (1, 2, 3, 5, 8 years) from 312 mother-child pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. We examined the associations of average maternal OPE metabolite concentrations with OPE metabolite concentrations in childhood, characterized childhood OPE trajectories with latent class growth analysis (LCGA), and examined factors related to trajectory membership. RESULTS Bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) had the lowest median concentrations over time (0.66-0.97 mg/L) while the median concentrations of bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) increased with age (1.44-3.80 mg/L). The median concentrations of diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) fluctuated between 1.96 and 2.69 mg/L. Intraclass correlation coefficients for urinary metabolites measured at five time points indicated high variability within individuals (0.13-0.24). Average maternal urinary BCEP and BDCIPP were associated with concentrations in early childhood. Maternal education, the birth year of the child, and having a carpet in the main activity room were associated with BCEP and BDCIPP trajectory while none of the factors were associated with DPHP trajectory. SIGNIFICANCE The trajectory analysis showed different patterns of urinary OPE metabolite concentrations, suggesting the need to collect multiple samples to adequately reflect OPE exposure. IMPACT STATEMENT In this well-established cohort, we evaluated the patterns of urinary OPE metabolites in children ages 1-8 years. The number of repeated measures over childhood has not been achieved in prior studies. Our results suggested the high variability of urinary OPE metabolites within individuals. Maternal metabolite concentrations during pregnancy were related to child concentrations at ages 1-3 years. BCEP, BDCIPP, and DPHP demonstrated different trajectories in children, which suggests that multiple samples may be required to capture OPE exposure patterns in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Zana Percy
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Liu Y, Calafat AM, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Jones NHY, Cecil KM, Rose SR, Yolton K, Buckley JP, Braun JM. Associations of prenatal and postnatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances with pubertal development and reproductive hormones in females and males: The HOME study. Sci Total Environ 2023; 890:164353. [PMID: 37225096 PMCID: PMC10330798 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal and childhood exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may be associated with lower reproductive hormones and later puberty, but epidemiological studies evaluating these associations are scarce. OBJECTIVES We examined associations of PFAS concentrations assessed from pregnancy to adolescence with pubertal development and reproductive hormones at age 12 years. METHODS We studied 200 mother-child pairs from the HOME Study in Cincinnati, OH (enrolled: 2003-2006). We quantified serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) in pregnant women and their children at age 3, 8 and 12 years. At age 12 years, children self-assessed pubertal development using Tanner staging of pubic hair growth (males and females) and breast growth (females), and age at menarche. We quantified serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in both sexes; estradiol in females; testosterone in males. We estimated associations of PFAS with pubertal outcomes and reproductive hormones using a combination of ordinal regression, Cox proportional-hazard regression, and linear regression. Quantile-based g-computation was used for PFAS mixture. RESULTS In females, adolescent PFAS concentrations and their mixture were associated with later pubic hair growth, breast maturation, and age at menarche, but there was no pattern for prenatal or other postnatal concentrations. For instance, in females, each doubling in adolescent PFAS concentrations was associated with 79 % (PFOA), 63 % (PFOS), 56 % (PFNA), and 47 % (PFHxS) lower odds of attaining a higher stage for breast growth. In addition, adolescent PFAS concentrations were consistently associated with lower estradiol concentrations in females. No pattern was observed for associations of PFAS concentrations with pubic hair growth or reproductive hormones in males. CONCLUSIONS We observed associations between PFAS concentrations in adolescence and later pubertal development in females, but this could be due to reverse causation induced by excretion of PFAS through menstrual fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nana-Hawa Yayah Jones
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susan R Rose
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Sultan H, Buckley JP, Kalkwarf HJ, Cecil KM, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Yolton K, Braun JM. Dietary per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure in adolescents: The HOME study. Environ Res 2023; 231:115953. [PMID: 37142081 PMCID: PMC10330479 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is the primary exposure pathway for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in non-occupationally exposed populations. Few studies have examined associations of dietary quality and macronutrient intake with PFAS exposure among US adolescents. OBJECTIVE To assess relationships of self-reported dietary quality and macronutrient intake with serum PFAS concentrations in adolescents. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from 193 Cincinnati, Ohio area adolescents (median age 12.3 years) collected from 2016 to 2019. Using 24-h food recalls completed by adolescents on three separate days, we derived Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores, HEI components, and macronutrient intake. We measured perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) concentrations in fasting serum samples. Using linear regression, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations between dietary variables and serum PFAS concentrations. RESULTS The median HEI score was 44 and median serum PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA concentrations were 1.3, 2.4, 0.7, and 0.3 ng/mL respectively. In adjusted models, higher total HEI scores, whole fruit and total fruit HEI component scores, and total dietary fiber intake were associated with lower concentrations of all four PFAS. For example, serum PFOA concentrations were 7% lower (95% CI: -15, 2) per standard deviation increase in total HEI score and 9% lower (95% CI: -18, 1) per standard deviation increase in dietary fiber. SIGNIFICANCE Given adverse health effects associated with PFAS exposure, it is crucial to understand modifiable exposure pathways. Findings from this study may inform future policy decisions aiming to limit human exposure to PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Sultan
- College of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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25
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Iyanna N, Yolton K, LeMasters G, Lanphear BP, Cecil KM, Schwartz J, Brokamp C, Rasnick E, Xu Y, MacDougall MC, Ryan PH. Air pollution exposure and social responsiveness in childhood: The cincinnati combined childhood cohorts. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 251:114172. [PMID: 37116232 PMCID: PMC10682723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects about 1 in 44 children and environmental exposures may contribute to disease onset. Air pollution has been associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, yet little research has examined its association with autistic-like behaviors. Therefore, our objective was to examine the association between exposure to air pollution, including NO2 and PM2.5, during pregnancy and the first year of life to ASD-like behaviors during childhood. Participants (n = 435) enrolled in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study and the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study were included in the analysis. Daily exposures to NO2 and PM2.5 at the residential addresses of participants were estimated using validated spatiotemporal models and averaged to obtain prenatal and first year exposure estimates. ASD-like behaviors were assessed via the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) questionnaire at age 12. Linear regression models adjusting for confounders were applied to estimate the association between pollutants and SRS scores. After adjusting for covariates, the association between NO2 and PM2.5 and SRS scores remained positive but were no longer statistically significant. Prenatal and first year exposure to NO2 were associated with total SRS T-scores with an estimated 0.4 point increase (95% CI: -0.7, 1.6) per 5.2 ppb increase in NO2 exposure and 0.7 point (95% CI: -0.3, 1.6) per 4.2 ppb increase in NO2 exposure, respectively. For PM2.5, a 2.6 μg/m3 increase in prenatal exposure was associated with a 0.1 point increase (95% CI: -1.1, 1.4) in SRS Total T-scores and a 1.3 μg/m3 increase first year of life was associated with a 1 point increase (95% CI: -0.2, 2.3). In summary, exposure to NO2 and PM2.5 during pregnancy and the first year of life were not significantly associated with higher autistic-like behaviors measured with SRS scores after adjustment of covariates. Additional research is warranted given prior studies suggesting air pollution contributes to ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Iyanna
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Grace LeMasters
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's and Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Cole Brokamp
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Erika Rasnick
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Melinda C MacDougall
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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26
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Patti MA, Croen LA, Chen A, Fallin MD, Khoury J, Lyall K, Newschaffer C, Hertz-Picciotto I, Schmidt RJ, Yolton K, Braun JM. Prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and susceptibility to autism-related traits: the EARLI and HOME studies. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1415-1424. [PMID: 37140384 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study sought to examine whether familial susceptibility for autism, intensity of ASD-related behaviors, or prepregnancy BMI influences the association of GWG with ASD-related behaviors. METHODS Using data from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) study (n = 136), a familial enriched cohort of mothers who had a previous child with ASD, and the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) study (n = 253), a general population cohort, gestational age and prepregnancy BMI category-specific GWG z scores were calculated. Caregivers completed the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) to assess the presence and severity of ASD-related traits in children aged 3 to 8 years. Using quantile regression, the association between GWG z scores and ASD-related behaviors in children was estimated. RESULTS In HOME, among mothers who had overweight or obesity prepregnancy BMI values, GWG z scores and SRS scores were positively associated in children with more ASD-related traits (higher SRS scores), but not in children with fewer ASD-related traits. Similar patterns were observed in EARLI among mothers with prepregnancy obesity. CONCLUSIONS GWG may be associated with autism-related behaviors among children who have a greater predisposition to these behaviors and who have mothers with prepregnancy overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Patti
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jane Khoury
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Craig Newschaffer
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- College of Health & Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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27
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Percy Z, Chen A, Sucharew H, Yang W, Vuong AM, Braun JM, Lanphear B, Ospina M, Calafat AM, Cecil KM, Xu Y, Yolton K. Early-life exposure to a mixture of organophosphate esters and child behavior. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 250:114162. [PMID: 36989997 PMCID: PMC10149607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers for commercial and residential purposes, are suspected of being neurotoxic. We aimed to assess exposure to an OPE mixture in early life and its relationship to parent-reported child behavior. We measured urinary concentrations of three OPE metabolites, bis-2-chloroethyl phosphate (BCEP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), at pregnancy (16 and 26 weeks of gestation and delivery) and postnatal time points (ages 1, 2, 3, and 5 years) in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study, a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA (enrolled 2003-2006, n = 219). We used latent variable analysis in structural equations models and quantile g-computation to investigate associations of a mixture of the three OPE metabolites with parent-reported child behaviors at 3 and 8 years, measured using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition. Higher log-transformed urinary OPE latent variable values at 16 weeks were associated with fewer externalizing problem behaviors (ß = -5.74; 95% CI = -11.24, -0.24) and fewer overall behavioral problems at age 3 years (ß = -5.26; 95% CI = -10.33, -0.19), whereas having higher OPEs at delivery was associated with poorer overall behavioral problems at age 3 years (ß = 2.87; 95% CI = 0.13, 5.61). OPE latent variable values at 16 weeks, 26 weeks, and delivery were not associated with child behavior at 8 years. However, higher OPE latent variable values at 3 years were associated with fewer externalizing behaviors at 8 years (ß = -2.62; 95% CI = -5.13, -0.12). The quantile g-computation estimates had directions largely consistent with the latent variable analysis results. Pregnancy and postnatal urinary OPE metabolite mixtures were associated with child internalizing, externalizing, and overall negative behaviors at 3 and 8 years, but we did not identify a consistent pattern in terms of the direction of the effects or a particularly sensitive time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Percy
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heidi Sucharew
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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28
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Mourino N, Pérez-Ríos M, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A, Buckley JP, Kalkwarf HJ, Cecil KM, Braun JM. Pre- and postnatal exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and cardiometabolic risk at 12 years: Periods of susceptibility. Environ Res 2023; 224:115572. [PMID: 36841524 PMCID: PMC10726317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify periods of heightened susceptibility to the association of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure with cardiometabolic (CM) risk at age 12 years. METHODS We used data from 212 adolescents from the HOME Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, OH. Using multiple informant models, we estimated associations of maternal serum cotinine (mean of concentrations at 16 and 26 weeks of pregnancy) and children's serum cotinine concentrations (mean of concentrations at ages 1, 2, 3, and 4 years) with a CM risk summary score constructed of five risk components measured at age 12 years. We determined if these associations differed for pre- and postnatal exposure periods, and adolescent's sex. RESULTS We found some evidence that the cotinine-outcome associations differed by exposure period and sex. Postnatal, but not prenatal, cotinine was associated with higher CM risk scores and individual CM risk component values (interaction p-values = 0.04 to 0.35). Each 10-fold increase in postnatal cotinine was associated with 0.57 (95% CI: 0.32, 1.45), 0.09 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.31), 0.14 (-0.08, 0.35), 0.07 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.48), and 0.11 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.27) higher CM risk, HOMA-IR, TG to HDL-C ratio, leptin to adiponectin ratio, and visceral fat area. Postnatal cotinine was associated with higher visceral fat area among females but not males (sex × period × cotinine interaction p-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Serum cotinine concentrations during the postnatal period had greater influence on adolescent's CM risk compared to the prenatal period, and these associations may be sex-specific. This study reinforces the need for ongoing public health interventions to minimize children's exposure to SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mourino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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29
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Wasserman HM, Kalkwarf HJ, Altaye M, Yolton K, Kanj RV, Gordon CM. Characterizing the Adolescent Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Phenotype: A Case Control Study. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2023; 36:122-127. [PMID: 36216307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To characterize the skeletal, cardiometabolic, cognitive, and mental health phenotype of adolescents with idiopathic premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) DESIGN: Case control SETTING: Pediatric tertiary referral center in Cincinnati, Ohio PARTICIPANTS: Nine adolescents (ages 11-18.99 years) with newly diagnosed POI and 9 normally menstruating controls, matched by age and body mass index MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Between-group comparisons of bone characteristics assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), psychosocial health (anxiety, depression, and quality of life), and cognition and memory by questionnaire RESULTS: Adolescents with POI had lower bone density Z-scores by DXA (lumbar spine -1.93 vs 0.80; whole body less head -2.05 vs 0.00; total hip -1.03 vs 0.83; and femoral neck -1.23 vs 0.91; all P < .001), as well as lower trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (tibia 3% site 226 vs 288 mg/mm3, P < .001; radius 3% site 200 vs 251, P = .001), smaller cortical area (tibia 66% site 251 vs 292 mm2, P = .028), and thickness (tibia 66% site 3.56 vs 4.30 mm, P = .001) than controls. No abnormalities in cardiometabolic biomarkers were detected in POI cases. Adolescents with POI were also more likely to report low energy (78% vs 22%, P = .02). CONCLUSION Estrogen deficiency adversely affects bone health in adolescents with POI. However, we did not find associations with cardiometabolic, mental health, or cognitive outcomes in this small sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley M Wasserman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rula V Kanj
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Catherine M Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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30
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Kuiper JR, Pan S, Lanphear BP, Calafat AM, Chen A, Cecil KM, Xu Y, Yolton K, Kalkwarf HJ, Braun JM, Buckley JP. Associations of maternal gestational urinary environmental phenols concentrations with bone mineral density among 12-year-old children in the HOME Study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114104. [PMID: 36525700 PMCID: PMC9898141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life environmental exposures may affect bone mass accrual in childhood, but only one study has assessed the role of environmental phenols on child bone health. METHODS We used data from 223 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (Cincinnati, OH; 2003-2006). We quantified benzophenone-3, bisphenol A (BPA), 2,5-dichlorophenol, and triclosan in maternal urine collected at 16- and 26-weeks gestation and calculated the average of creatinine-adjusted concentrations. We performed dual x-ray absorptiometry at age 12 years and calculated Z-scores for whole body (less head), total hip, femoral neck, and 1/3rd distal radius bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) as well as ultra-distal radius aBMD and spine BMC and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD). We estimated covariate-adjusted associations per doubling of maternal urinary environmental phenol concentrations in linear regression models. We also examined effect measure modification by child's sex and estimated associations of the environmental phenol mixture with BMC and aBMD using quantile g-computation. RESULTS We observed generally null associations for all analytes and bone measures. Yet, in adjusted models, higher urinary 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations were associated with higher 1/3rd distal radius BMC (β: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.17) and aBMD (β: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.17) Z-scores in the overall sample. In sex-stratified analyses, the magnitude of the BMC association was positive for females (β: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.26) and null for males (β: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.13). The environmental phenol mixture was associated with greater 1/3rd distal radius BMC and aBMD Z-scores in both sexes, which was mostly driven by benzophenone-3 in males and 2,5-dichlorophenol in females. CONCLUSION In this prospective cohort study, we observed generally null associations for environmental phenols with BMC and aBMD at age 12 years. While there was a positive association of 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations during fetal development with distal radius BMC and aBMD at age 12 years, future studies utilizing methods capable of differentiating cortical and trabecular bone are needed to elucidate potential mechanisms and implications for bone strength and microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Kuiper
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Shudi Pan
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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31
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Etzel TM, Kuiper JR, Wang X, Mueller NT, Calafat AM, Cecil KM, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Yolton K, Kalkwarf HJ, Braun JM, Buckley JP. Associations of early life phthalate exposures with adolescent lipid levels and insulin resistance: The HOME Study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114102. [PMID: 36527833 PMCID: PMC9898157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life phthalate exposures may disrupt metabolic processes; however few prospective studies have assessed whether these associations extend to cardiometabolic outcomes during adolescence. METHODS Among 183 mother-adolescent pairs in a prospective cohort study that enrolled pregnant women in Cincinnati, OH (2003-2006), we quantified nine phthalate metabolites in spot urine samples collected twice from mothers during pregnancy and up to seven times from children. At age 12 years, we assessed triglycerides, high-density (HDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, and glucose from fasting serum samples and calculated homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Using multiple informant models, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations between urinary phthalate concentrations at each time period and cardiometabolic biomarkers at age 12 years, including modification by child sex. RESULTS Although most associations were weak or null, monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations were generally associated with lower LDL at age 12 years. A 10-fold increase in 4- and 12-year MEP was associated with -15.3 mg/dL (95% CI: 27.5, -3.13 mg/dL) and -11.8 mg/dL (-22.0, -1.51 mg/dL) lower LDL, respectively. Discrepant associations were observed in females versus males: a 10-fold increase in 3-year MEP concentrations was associated with 12.0 mg/dL (95% CI: 7.11, 31.1 mg/dL) higher LDL levels in males and -30.4 mg/dL (95% CI: 50.9, -9.8 mg/dL) lower LDL levels in females. Some urinary phthalate concentrations were cross-sectionally associated with HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Early-life phthalate biomarker concentrations may be inversely associated with LDL during early adolescence in an exposure-period and sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Etzel
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jordan R Kuiper
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Noel T Mueller
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Aimin Chen
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Kimberly Yolton
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | | | - Jessie P Buckley
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Zhang Z, Li N, Buckley JP, Cecil KM, Chen A, Eaton CB, Kalkwarf HJ, Lanphear BP, Yolton K, Braun JM. Associations between eating behaviours and cardiometabolic risk among adolescents in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e12979. [PMID: 36094787 PMCID: PMC10392767 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating behaviours are associated with childhood obesity, but their associations with cardiometabolic risk are less clear. OBJECTIVES We evaluated cross-sectional associations between eating behaviours and cardiometabolic risk among 185 adolescents (age 12.4 ± 0.7 years; 53% female; body mass index (BMI)-z 0.72 ± 1.37) from Cincinnati, Ohio (HOME Study; enrolled 2003-2006). METHODS Caregivers assessed adolescents' eating behaviours with the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. We computed adolescents' cardiometabolic risk scores based on HOMA-IR, triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, adiponectin to leptin ratio, systolic blood pressure, and cross-sectional area of fat inside the abdominal cavity. Using multivariable linear regression models, we estimated associations of eating behaviour subscales with cardiometabolic risk scores or individual risk components. RESULTS Emotional overeating (ß = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.67, 2.01), food responsiveness (ß = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.41, 1.57), and emotional undereating (ß = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.08, 1.21) were associated with higher cardiometabolic risk scores. Satiety responsiveness (ß = -0.79, 95% CI: -1.59, 0.00) was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk scores. Adjusting for adolescent BMI-z at age 12 attenuated these associations, suggesting that adiposity may mediate these associations. CONCLUSION Hedonistic eating behaviours were associated with higher cardiometabolic risk in these adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Nan Li
- Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jessie P. Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
- Kent Memorial Hospital, Warwick, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
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Yang W, Braun JM, Vuong AM, Percy Z, Xu Y, Xie C, Deka R, Calafat AM, Ospina M, Burris HH, Yolton K, Cecil KM, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Gestational exposure to organophosphate esters and infant anthropometric measures in the first 4 weeks after birth. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159322. [PMID: 36220473 PMCID: PMC9883112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined whether gestational exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used chemicals with potential endocrine-disrupting potency and developmental toxicity, is associated with impaired infant growth. METHODS We analyzed data from 329 mother-infant pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (2003-2006, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA). We quantified concentrations of four OPE metabolites in maternal urine collected at 16 and 26 weeks of gestation, and at delivery. We calculated z-scores using 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standards for the 4-week anthropometric measures (weight, length, and head circumference), the ponderal index, and weekly growth rates. We used multiple informant models to examine window-specific associations between individual OPE metabolites and anthropometric outcomes. We further modeled OPEs as a mixture for window-specific associations with 4-week anthropometric outcomes using mean field variational Bayesian inference procedure for lagged kernel machine regression (MFVB-LKMR). We stratified the models by infant sex. RESULTS Diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) in mothers at 16 weeks, and bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) at delivery were positively associated with z-scores of weight, length, and head circumference in all infants at 4 weeks of age. After stratifying by infant sex, positive associations were only observed in males for DPHP at 16 weeks and BCEP at delivery and in females for BDCIPP at delivery. Negative associations not present in all infants were observed in males for di-n-butyl phosphate (DNBP) at 26 weeks of gestation with weight z-score and DPHP at delivery with head circumference z-score. Results were generally similar using MFVB-LKMR models with more conservative 95 % credible intervals. We did not identify consistent associations of gestational OPE metabolite concentrations with the ponderal index and weekly growth rates. CONCLUSION In this cohort, exposure to OPEs during gestation was associated with altered infant anthropometry at 4 weeks after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Zana Percy
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Heather H Burris
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Yang W, Braun JM, Vuong AM, Percy Z, Xu Y, Xie C, Deka R, Calafat AM, Ospina M, Burris HH, Yolton K, Cecil KM, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Associations of gestational exposure to organophosphate esters with gestational age and neonatal anthropometric measures: The HOME study. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120516. [PMID: 36341822 PMCID: PMC9884151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are developmental toxicants in experimental studies of animals, but limited evidence is available in humans. We included 340 mother-infant pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) for the analysis. We evaluated gestational exposure to OPEs with gestation age at birth and newborn anthropometric measures. We quantified four OPE urinary metabolites at 16 weeks and 26 weeks of gestation. We extracted gestational age at birth, newborn weight, length, and head circumference from the chart review. We calculated z-scores for these anthropometric measures and the ponderal index. We used multiple informant models to examine the associations between repeated OPE measurements and the outcomes. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate the association of gestational exposure to OPEs with preterm birth. We also explored effect modification by infant sex and the potential mediation effect by the highest maternal blood pressure and glucose levels. We found that bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) at 16 weeks and diphenyl phosphate at 26 weeks of pregnancy were positively associated with gestational age and inversely associated with preterm birth. In female newborns, BCEP at 16 weeks was inversely related to birth weight and length z-scores. In male newborns, we observed negative associations of 26-week di-n-butyl phosphate with the ponderal index at birth. No mediation by the highest maternal blood pressure or glucose levels during pregnancy was identified. In this cohort, gestational exposure to some OPEs was associated with gestational age, preterm birth, and neonatal anthropometric measures. Certain associations tended to be window- and infant sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Zana Percy
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Heather H Burris
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kuiper JR, Vuong AM, Lanphear BP, Calafat AM, Ospina M, Cecil KM, Xu Y, Yolton K, Kalkwarf HJ, Braun JM, Chen A, Buckley JP. Early life organophosphate ester exposures and bone health at age 12 years: The Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158246. [PMID: 36030851 PMCID: PMC9606835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No human studies have evaluated early life organophosphate ester (OPE) exposures with bone health outcomes, despite evidence of osteotoxicity. OBJECTIVES We assessed associations of urinary OPE metabolites measured across early life with areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at age 12 years. METHODS Among 223 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, we quantified concentrations of bis-2-chloroethyl phosphate (BCEP), bis-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) (BDCIPP), di-n-butyl phosphate (DnBP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) in urine collected from mothers during pregnancy and children at ages 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 years. At age 12 years, we performed dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and calculated aBMD and BMC z-scores at six skeletal sites. We estimated overall and sex-stratified BMD/BMC z-score differences per interquartile range (IQR) increase in OPE concentrations at multiple exposure timepoints: gestation (average) and 1-3 (average), 5, and 8 years. RESULTS In adjusted models, overall associations of BCEP and BDCIPP with total hip and 1/3rd distal radius aBMD and BMC varied significantly by exposure timepoint, as did BDCIPP with whole body aBMD. For example, differences (95 % CI) in total hip aBMD z-score per IQR increase in BDCIPP were 0.33 (0.01, 0.64), -0.10 (-0.34, 0.14), -0.18 (-0.40, 0.05), and 0.14 (-0.09, 0.38) for concentrations during gestation and at 1-3, 5, and 8 years, respectively. Overall DnBP and DPHP associations were generally null at all timepoints. We observed sex-specific associations for some timepoints and skeletal sites. For example, an IQR increase in 8-year DPHP was associated with a 0.21 (0.05, 0.38) greater total hip aBMD z-score among females but -0.19 (-0.43, 0.05) lower z-score among males. DISCUSSION Early life OPE exposures may be associated with sex- and exposure period-dependent alterations in early adolescent bone mineral accrual and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Kuiper
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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36
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Percy Z, Chen A, Yang W, Braun JM, Lanphear B, Ospina M, Calafat AM, Xie C, Cecil KM, Vuong AM, Xu Y, Yolton K. Childhood urinary organophosphate esters and cognitive abilities in a longitudinal cohort study. Environ Res 2022; 215:114265. [PMID: 36103927 PMCID: PMC9968469 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of organophosphate esters (OPEs) as flame retardants, which has increased over the past two decades, raises concerns that OPEs may be harmful to humans, especially children. Animal studies and some human studies have reported that OPEs may adversely impact brain development, but few human studies evaluated OPE exposure during early childhood and neurodevelopmental outcomes. We aimed to fill this knowledge gap with the present study on urinary OPE metabolite concentrations at ages 1-5 years and cognitive abilities at 8 years. We used data of 223 children from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio. The point estimates for bis-2-chloroethyl-phosphate (BCEP) and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)-phosphate (BDCIPP) in association with IQ tended to be small and positive, while the point estimates for diphenyl-phosphate (DPHP) were small and negative, with 95% CIs including the null. However, we did find that socioeconomic status (SES) variables modified associations between OPEs and child IQ, with adverse OPE-IQ associations being stronger in socioeconomically disadvantaged children than in others. We identified an additional 1- to 2-point decrease in Full Scale IQ for every log-unit increase in BDCIPP, BCEP, and DPHP among those with lower maternal education, non-white race, lower income, or living in more deprived neighborhoods. We observed similar results for the Perceptual Reasoning, Verbal Comprehension, and Working Memory Index Scores. We suspect that there is residual confounding related to socioeconomic disadvantage, which was not captured with the available SES variables typically used in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Percy
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Changchung Xie
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Strawn JR, Xu Y, Cecil KM, Khoury J, Altaye M, Braun JM, Lanphear BP, Sjodin A, Chen A, Yolton K. Early exposure to flame retardants is prospectively associated with anxiety symptoms in adolescents: A prospective birth cohort study. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:780-793. [PMID: 36218051 PMCID: PMC10092502 DOI: 10.1002/da.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders emerge during childhood and adolescence and are frequently preceded by subsyndromal anxiety symptoms. Environmental toxicants, including gestational polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure, are associated with neuropsychiatric sequelae; however, the role of PBDEs as risk factors for anxiety in adolescence is unclear. METHODS Using data from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort enrolled from 2003 to 2006, we investigated the relationship between gestational serum PBDE concentrations and anxiety symptoms in adolescents (N = 236). We measured five PBDE congeners (PBDE-28, -47, -99, -100, and -153) at 16 ± 3 weeks of gestation and calculated their sum (∑PBDE). We assessed self-reported anxiety symptoms using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and depressive symptoms using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI-2) at age 12 years. We estimated the associations of maternal PBDE concentrations with child anxiety and depressive symptoms using multivariable linear regression and modified Poisson regression. Covariates included child sex, maternal race, maternal age at delivery, maternal marital status, maternal education, and household income at the 12-year study visit as well as maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms. Sensitivity analyses were performed to control for maternal lead and mercury at delivery. RESULTS After adjusting for predetermined covariates, each doubling in maternal PBDE concentrations was associated with increased SCARED scores (e.g., for ∑PBDE, SCARED total score, β = 1.6 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3-2.9, p = .019) and a nonsignificant increase in depressive symptoms (e.g., for CDI total score, β = .8, 95% CI: -0.2-1.8, p = .11). CONCLUSIONS Gestational serum PBDE concentrations just before mid-pregnancy and during a period of active cortical and limbic neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and myelogenesis may be a risk factor for developing anxiety symptoms in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Anxiety Disorders Research Program, College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterDivision of Clinical PharmacologyCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterDivision of General and Community PediatricsCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Jane Khoury
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of EpidemiologyBrown University School of Public HealthProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Andreas Sjodin
- Division of Laboratory SciencesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and InformaticsUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterDivision of General and Community PediatricsCincinnatiOhioUSA
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Braun JM, Papandonatos GD, Li N, Sears CG, Buckley JP, Cecil KM, Chen A, Eaton CB, Kalkwarf HJ, Kelsey KT, Lanphear BP, Yolton K. Physical activity modifies the relation between gestational perfluorooctanoic acid exposure and adolescent cardiometabolic risk. Environ Res 2022; 214:114021. [PMID: 35952751 PMCID: PMC9637371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) - endocrine disrupting chemicals - may increase cardiometabolic risk. We evaluated whether adolescent lifestyle factors modified associations between gestational PFAS exposure and cardiometabolic risk using a prospective cohort study. METHODS In 166 mother-child pairs (HOME Study), we measured concentrations of four PFAS in maternal serum collected during pregnancy. When children were age 12 years, we calculated cardiometabolic risk scores from visceral adiposity area, blood pressure, and fasting serum biomarkers. We assessed adolescent physical activity and Healthy Eating Index scores using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), actigraphy, and 24-h diet recalls. Using multivariable linear regression and weighted quantile sum regression, we examined whether physical activity or diet modified covariate-adjusted associations of PFAS and their mixture with cardiometabolic risk scores. RESULTS Physical activity modified associations between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and cardiometabolic risk scores. Each doubling of PFOA was associated with worse cardiometabolic risk scores among children with PAQ-C scores < median (β:1.4; 95% CI:0.5, 2.2, n = 82), but not among those with PAQ-C scores ≥ median (β: 0.2; 95% CI: 1.2, 0.7, n = 84) (interaction p-value = 0.01). Associations were most prominent for insulin resistance, leptin-adiponectin ratio, and visceral fat area. We observed results suggesting that physical activity modified the association of PFAS mixture with cardiometabolic risk scores, insulin resistance, and visceral fat area (interaction p-values = 0.17, 0.07, and 0.10, respectively); however, the 95% CIs of the interaction terms included the null value. We observed similar, but attenuated patterns for PFOA and actigraphy-based measures of physical activity. Diet did not modify any associations. Physical activity or diet did not modify associations for other PFAS. CONCLUSIONS Childhood physical activity modified associations of prenatal serum PFOA concentrations with children's cardiometabolic risk in this cohort, indicating that lifestyle interventions may ameliorate the adverse effects of PFOA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, Box G-S121, United States.
| | - George D Papandonatos
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, Box G-S121, United States
| | - Clara G Sears
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, Box G-S121, United States; Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Kent Memorial Hospital, Warwick, RI, United States
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, Box G-S121, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Etzel TM, Braun JM, Kuiper JR, Calafat AM, Cecil KM, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Yolton K, Kalkwarf HJ, Buckley JP. Gestational and childhood phthalate exposures and adolescent body composition: The HOME study. Environ Res 2022; 212:113320. [PMID: 35461845 PMCID: PMC9233110 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life phthalate exposures may disrupt metabolism but results from human studies are inconsistent and few have examined body composition during adolescence. We investigated associations of gestational and childhood urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations with body composition at age 12 years. METHODS We used data from 206 mother-child pairs in a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort enrolled in Cincinnati, OH from 2003 to 2006. We measured nine phthalate metabolites in spot urine samples collected twice from mothers during pregnancy and up to seven times from children at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 12 years. At age 12 years, we assessed fat and lean mass of the whole body and android and gynoid subregions, and visceral fat area with dual x-ray absorptiometry, and calculated android to gynoid %fat ratio and age- and sex-standardized fat and lean mass index z-scores. Using a multiple informant model, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations between urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations at each time period and outcomes at age 12 years. We assessed effect measure modification by child sex using stratified models. RESULTS Generally, urinary mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations were modestly associated with lower fat and lean mass. Each 10-fold increase in urinary MBzP concentrations during gestation and at ages 5 and 8 years was associated with a -0.34 (95%CI: -0.72, 0.05), -0.44 (95% CI: -0.83, -0.05), and -0.35 (95% CI: -0.71, 0.00) z-score difference in lean body mass index, respectively. Urinary monoethyl phthalate, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, and summed di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites were associated with greater lean mass at some exposure periods. Slightly weaker but similar patterns of association were found with other body composition measures; associations did not differ by child sex. CONCLUSION While most associations were weak, exposure to certain phthalates during gestation and childhood may be associated with adolescent body composition, particularly lean mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Etzel
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Brown University, 121 S. Main St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Jordan R Kuiper
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Aimin Chen
- University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Kalkwarf HJ, Shepherd JA, Fan B, Sahay RD, Ittenbach RF, Kelly A, Yolton K, Zemel BS. Reference Ranges for Bone Mineral Content and Density by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for Young Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3887-e3900. [PMID: 35587453 PMCID: PMC9387715 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of bone health in young children has been hampered by limited reference values for bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). OBJECTIVES To identify age, sex, and population ancestry effects on BMC and aBMD and develop smoothed reference ranges for BMC and aBMD in young children. To quantify precision of bone measurements and influence of height-for-age Z-scores on bone Z-scores. METHODS We recruited 484 healthy children ages 1 to 2 years or 4.5 to 5 years at 2 clinical centers, who were seen once or up to 7 times over a 3-year period. Lumbar spine, distal forearm, and whole-body subtotal (ages ≥ 3 years) BMC and aBMD were measured by DXA. These data were combined with data from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study from children ages 5 to 8.9 years to create the smoothed reference curves. RESULTS For 1- to 5-year-olds, BMC and aBMD at all skeletal sites increased with age. Age trends differed by sex for BMC and aBMD of the spine, distal one-third radius, ultradistal radius, and by ancestry (Black vs non-Black) for all measures. BMC and aBMD precision (% coefficient of variation) ranged from 1.0% to 4.4%. Height Z-scores were positively associated with bone Z-scores and accounted for 4% to 45% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the feasibility of bone density measurements in young children and provide robust reference ranges and stature adjustments for calculation of bone Z-scores at multiple skeletal sites to enable bone health assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Correspondence: Heidi J. Kalkwarf, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, ML-2010, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA.
| | | | - Bo Fan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rashmi D Sahay
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Richard F Ittenbach
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Mourino N, Pérez‐Ríos M, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A, Buckley JP, Kalkwarf HJ, Cecil KM, Braun JM. Pre- and postnatal exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and body composition at 12 years: periods of susceptibility. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1659-1669. [PMID: 35894081 PMCID: PMC9335905 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to identify periods of heightened susceptibility to the effects of pre- and postnatal secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure on body composition at age 12 years. METHODS The study used data from 217 children from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio. Using multiple informant models, the study estimated associations of maternal serum cotinine (16 and 26 weeks of pregnancy) and child serum cotinine concentrations (at age 12, 24, 36, and 48 months) with measures of body composition obtained with anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at 12 years. We examined whether there were differences between these associations for pre- and postnatal exposure periods and potential effect measure modification by sex. RESULTS Postnatal cotinine concentrations were associated with higher weight, BMI, body fat and lean mass, waist circumference, and visceral, android, and gynoid fat. Each 10-fold increase in postnatal cotinine was associated with 76% increased risk of overweight or obesity (95% CI: 1.13-2.75). Associations between prenatal concentrations and measures of body composition at 12 years were generally null. CONCLUSIONS Postnatal exposure to SHS may increase adolescent adiposity and lean mass. Future studies should determine whether early-life exposures to SHS are associated with other cardiometabolic risk markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mourino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Mónica Pérez‐Ríos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
- CIBERespMadridSpain
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jessie P. Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and EngineeringJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of EpidemiologyBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
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Signes-Pastor AJ, Romano ME, Jackson B, Braun JM, Yolton K, Chen A, Lanphear B, Karagas MR. Associations of maternal urinary arsenic concentrations during pregnancy with childhood cognitive abilities: The HOME study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 245:114009. [PMID: 35947921 PMCID: PMC9500348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure during pregnancy may increase the risk for intellectual deficits in children, but limited data exist from prospective epidemiologic studies, particularly at low arsenic exposure levels. We investigated the association between prenatal maternal urinary arsenic concentrations and childhood cognitive abilities in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study. We used anion exchange chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection to measure arsenic species content in pregnant women's urine. The summation of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) refers to ∑As. We assessed children's cognitive function (n = 260) longitudinally at 1-, 2-, and 3-years using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, at 5 years using Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, and at 8 years using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. We observed a modest decrease in mental development index and full-scale intelligence quotient at ages 3 and 5 years with each doubling of ∑As with estimated score (ß) differences and 95% confidence interval (CI) of -1.8 from -4.1 to 0.5 and -2.5 from -5.1 to 0.0, respectively. This trend was stronger and reached statistical significance among children whose mothers had lower iAs methylation capacity and low urinary arsenobetaine concentrations. Our findings suggest that arsenic exposure levels relevant to the general US population may affect children's cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Signes-Pastor
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, NH, USA; Unidad de Epidemiología de la Nutrición. Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Spain.
| | - Megan E Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, NH, USA.
| | - Brian Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's and Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, NH, USA
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Yang W, Braun JM, Vuong AM, Percy Z, Xu Y, Xie C, Deka R, Calafat AM, Ospina M, Yolton K, Cecil KM, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Maternal urinary organophosphate ester metabolite concentrations and glucose tolerance during pregnancy: The HOME Study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 245:114026. [PMID: 36029741 PMCID: PMC10127082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine-disrupting chemicals may alter glucose homeostasis, especially during pregnancy. Biomonitoring studies suggest ubiquitous human exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs), chemicals with endocrine-disrupting capabilities. Few studies have examined the association between maternal exposure to OPEs and blood glucose during pregnancy. METHODS With data from 301 pregnant women in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, we examined whether OPE concentrations were associated with changes in blood glucose. We quantified four OPE metabolites in maternal spot urine samples collected at 16- and 26-weeks pregnancy. We extracted results from the glucose challenge test (GCT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) via medical chart review. Women with GCT ≥ 140 mg/dL or any abnormal values in OGTT (≥ 95 mg/dL fasting glucose, ≥ 180 mg/dL 1-h glucose, ≥ 155 mg/dL 2-h glucose, ≥ 140 mg/dL 3-h glucose) were defined as having elevated glucose levels. We used linear regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to estimate the associations of individual OPE metabolites and OPE mixtures with blood glucose levels during pregnancy. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate the associations of OPE metabolite concentrations with elevated glucose levels. We further examined effect measure modification by maternal characteristics (age, pre-pregnancy body mass index [BMI], and race/ethnicity). RESULTS Diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) had the highest geometric mean concentration of the urinary OPE metabolites (1.83 μg/L at 16 weeks, 1.24 μg/L at 26 weeks). Thirty women (10.0%) had elevated glucose levels. Individual OPE metabolites or their mixtures were not significantly associated with continuous GCT results. We did not observe effect measure modification by maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI categories, or race/ethnicity. Compared with women in the 1st tertile of average DPHP of 16- and 26 weeks of pregnancy, women in the 3rd tertile tended to have a reduced risk of elevated glucose levels (RR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.16-1.06, p for trend = 0.06). CONCLUSION In this cohort, maternal urinary OPE metabolite concentrations were weakly associated with blood glucose levels during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Zana Percy
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Duraccio K, Xu Y, Beebe D, Lanphear B, Chen A, Braun J, Cecil K, Yolton K. 0189 High Levels of Sleep Disturbance across Early Childhood Increases Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Index in Early Adolescence: Longitudinal Sleep Analysis Using the HOME Study. Sleep 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac079.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Sleep is a predictor of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk, and new evidence links early childhood sleep to later CMD risk. This study examines the impact of early childhood sleep duration, bedtime timing, and sleep disturbance on a CMD risk score in early adolescence.
Methods
Within the Health Outcomes and Measures of Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort study, we assessed sleep patterns among 346 children using the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire from ages 2 to 8 years. We calculated cardiometabolic risk scores ate age 12 for 183 of these children from visceral adiposity area, blood pressure, fasting serum triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations. We used a group-based semi-parametric mixture model to identify distinct trajectories in sleep duration, bedtime timing, and sleep disturbance for the entire sample. We then examined the associations between sleep trajectories and CMD risk score using general linear models for children with a CMD risk score, using both an unadjusted model (no covariates) and an adjusted model (adjusting for child pubertal stage, child sex, duration of breastfeeding, household income, and maternal education).
Results
Three sleep trajectories emerged for bedtime timing (late timing, medium timing, and early timing) and for sleep disturbance (high, medium, and low), and two for sleep duration (high and low). In the unadjusted model, we found significant differences in CMD risk scores by trajectories of sleep disturbance. Children in the ‘high’ trajectory had higher CMD risk scores (Least Square Mean=1.51; 95% CI: 0.39, 2.64) than those in the ‘low’ trajectory (Least Square Mean =-0.51; 95% CI: -1.16, 0.15; p=.002) and ‘medium’ trajectory (Least Square Mean=-0.15; 95% CI: -1.14, 0.85; p=.03). These findings only approached significance after adjusting for covariates. No significant differences in CMD risk were observed for bedtime timing or total sleep time trajectories in the unadjusted or adjusted models.
Conclusion
In this cohort, parent-reported sleep disturbance in early childhood was associated with more adverse cardiometabolic profiles in early adolescence. Our findings suggest that trials to reduce CMD risk via sleep interventions – which have been conducted in adolescents and adults – may be implemented too late.
Support (If Any)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grants PO1 ES11261, R01 ES014575, R01 ES020349, R01 ES027224, R01 ES025214.
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Yang W, Braun JM, Vuong AM, Percy Z, Xu Y, Xie C, Deka R, Calafat AM, Ospina M, Werner E, Yolton K, Cecil KM, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Maternal urinary OPE metabolite concentrations and blood pressure during pregnancy: The HOME study. Environ Res 2022; 207:112220. [PMID: 34656632 PMCID: PMC8810616 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the association between maternal exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) during pregnancy. METHODS We analyzed data from 346 women with a singleton live birth in the HOME Study, a prospective birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. We quantified four OPE metabolites in maternal spot urine samples collected at 16 and 26 weeks pregnancy, standardized by specific gravity. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). We extracted the first two recorded BP measurements (<20 weeks), the two highest recorded BP measurements (≥20 weeks), and diagnoses of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) via chart review. Women with two BP measurements ≥140/90 mmHg or HDP noted in the chart at ≥20 weeks pregnancy were defined as HDP cases. We used linear mixed models and modified Poisson regression with covariate adjustment to estimate associations between OPE concentrations as continuous variables or in tertiles with maternal BP and HDP. RESULTS ICCs of OPEs were 0.17-0.45. Diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) had the highest geometric mean concentration among OPE metabolites. Increasing the average bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) concentrations were positively associated with two highest recorded DBP ≥20 weeks pregnancy. Compared with women in the 1st DPHP tertile, women in the 3rd tertile at 16 weeks pregnancy had 1.72 mmHg (95% CI: -0.01, 3.46) higher DBP <20 weeks pregnancy, and women in the 3rd tertile of the average DPHP concentrations had 2.25 mmHg (95% CI: 0.25, 4.25) higher DBP ≥20 weeks pregnancy. 33 women (9.5%) were identified with HDP. Di-n-butyl phosphate (DNBP) concentrations at 16 weeks were positively associated with HDP, with borderline significance (RR = 2.98, 95% CI 0.97-9.15). Other OPE metabolites were not significantly associated with HDP. CONCLUSION Maternal urinary BCEP and DPHP concentrations were associated with increased BP during pregnancy. Maternal urinary DNBP concentrations were associated with HDP, with borderline significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Zana Percy
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erika Werner
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Folger AT, Nidey N, Ding L, Ji H, Yolton K, Ammerman RT, Bowers KA. Association Between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neonatal SCG5 DNA Methylation-Effect Modification by Prenatal Home Visiting. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:636-645. [PMID: 34791022 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal childhood adversity and trauma may elicit biological changes that impact the next generation through epigenetic responses measured in DNA methylation (DNAm). These epigenetic associations could be modified by the early postnatal environment through protective factors, such as early childhood home visiting (HV) programs that aim to mitigate deleterious intergenerational effects of adversity. In a cohort of 53 mother-child pairs recruited in 2015-2016 for the Pregnancy and Infant Development Study (Cincinnati, Ohio), we examined the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and neonatal DNAm in the secretogranin V gene (SCG5), which is important in neuroendocrine function. We examined prenatal HV as an effect modifier. Mothers completed a questionnaire on ACEs during pregnancy, and infant buccal samples were collected 1 month postpartum. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association between maternal ACEs and neonatal DNAm expressed as M-values averaged across 4 cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotide sites. A higher number of maternal ACEs (>3) was associated with a 5.79-percentage-point lower offspring DNAm (95% confidence interval: -10.44, -1.14), and the association was modified by the number of home visits received during pregnancy. In a population of at-risk mother-child dyads, preliminary evidence suggests that maternal ACEs have a relationship with offspring SCG5 DNAm that differs by the amount of prenatal HV.
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Adkins EA, Yolton K, Strawn JR, Lippert F, Ryan PH, Brunst KJ. Fluoride exposure during early adolescence and its association with internalizing symptoms. Environ Res 2022; 204:112296. [PMID: 34755609 PMCID: PMC8725192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early, chronic, low-level fluoride exposure has been linked to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning deficits in children. Rodent studies suggest a link between fluoride exposure and internalizing behaviors. No human studies have examined the impact of fluoride on internalizing behaviors during adolescence. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the relationship between urinary fluoride and early adolescent internalizing symptoms in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS). METHODS Participants in CCAAPS provided non-fasting spot urine samples at age 12 years (n = 286). Urine samples were analyzed using a microdiffusion method to determine childhood urinary fluoride (CUF) concentrations and were log-transformed for analyses. Caregivers of CCAAPS participants completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2) at the age 12 study visit to assess internalizing symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression, somatization), and a composite score of the three domains; T-scores ≥ 60 were used to identify adolescents in a clinically "at-risk" range. Race, age of the adolescent, household income, maternal age at birth, caregiver depression, caregiver-child relationships, and age 12-year serum cotinine concentrations were considered covariates in regression models. Sex-specific effects of fluoride exposures were investigated through the inclusion of interaction terms. RESULTS Higher CUF concentrations were significantly associated with increased somatization (β = 3.64, 95% CI 0.49, 6.81) and internalizing composite T-scores in a clinically "at-risk" range (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.24, 6.9). Compared to females, males with higher CUF concentrations had more internalizing (pinteraction = 0.04) and somatization symptoms (pinteraction = 0.02) and were nearly seven times more likely to exhibit "at-risk" internalizing symptomology. CUF concentrations were not significantly associated with depression or anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to link fluoride exposure and internalizing symptoms, specifically somatization. Somatization represents an interface of physical and psychological health. Continued follow-up will help shed light on the sex-specific relationship between fluoride and mental health and the role of somatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Adkins
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC, 5041, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson Street, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry, and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kelly J Brunst
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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Liu Y, Eliot MN, Papandonatos GD, Kelsey KT, Fore R, Langevin S, Buckley J, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Cecil KM, Yolton K, Hivert MF, Sagiv SK, Baccarelli AA, Oken E, Braun JM. Gestational Perfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure and DNA Methylation at Birth and 12 Years of Age: A Longitudinal Epigenome-Wide Association Study. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:37005. [PMID: 35266797 PMCID: PMC8911098 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation alterations may underlie associations between gestational perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and later-life health outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, no longitudinal studies have examined the associations between gestational PFAS and DNA methylation. OBJECTIVES We examined associations of gestational PFAS exposure with longitudinal DNA methylation measures at birth and in adolescence using the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (2003-2006; Cincinnati, Ohio). METHODS We quantified serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) in mothers during pregnancy. We measured DNA methylation in cord blood (n=266) and peripheral leukocytes at 12 years of age (n=160) using the Illumina HumanMethylation EPIC BeadChip. We analyzed associations between log2-transformed PFAS concentrations and repeated DNA methylation measures using linear regression with generalized estimating equations. We included interaction terms between children's age and gestational PFAS. We performed Gene Ontology enrichment analysis to identify molecular pathways. We used Project Viva (1999-2002; Boston, Massachusetts) to replicate significant associations. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, 435 cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites were associated with PFAS (false discovery rate, q<0.05). Specifically, we identified 2 CpGs for PFOS, 12 for PFOA, 8 for PFHxS, and 413 for PFNA; none overlapped. Among these, 2 CpGs for PFOA and 4 for PFNA were replicated in Project Viva. Some of the PFAS-associated CpG sites annotated to gene regions related to cancers, cognitive health, cardiovascular disease, and kidney function. We found little evidence that the associations between PFAS and DNA methylation differed by children's age. DISCUSSION In these longitudinal data, PFAS biomarkers were associated with differences in several CpGs at birth and at 12 years of age in or near genes linked to some PFAS-associated health outcomes. Future studies should examine whether DNA methylation mediates associations between gestational PFAS exposure and health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10118.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Melissa N. Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - George D. Papandonatos
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Karl T. Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ruby Fore
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott Langevin
- Department of Environmental & Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessie Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Environmental & Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sharon K. Sagiv
- Department of Epidemiology, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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49
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Gajjar P, Liu Y, Li N, Buckley JP, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Kalkwarf HJ, Cecil KM, Yolton K, Braun JM. Associations of mid-childhood bisphenol A and bisphenol S exposure with mid-childhood and adolescent obesity. Environ Epidemiol 2022; 6:e187. [PMID: 35169665 PMCID: PMC8835638 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a suspected obesogen that has been associated with adiposity in children. Bisphenol S (BPS), a structural analog of BPA, is used as a BPA substitute and may have similar health effects as BPA. However, few studies have examined whether BPS is associated with childhood adiposity. METHODS We quantified urinary BPA and BPS concentrations in 212 children age 8 years from the HOME Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort study that enrolled pregnant women in Cincinnati, Ohio (2003-2006). We assessed children's adiposity by bioelectric impedance at age 8 years (n = 212), and by anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at age 12 years (n = 181). We measured serum adipocytokine concentrations at age 12 years (n = 155). Using multivariable linear regression, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations of BPA and BPS with adiposity measures at ages 8 and 12 years and adipocytokine concentrations at age 12 years. RESULTS Each 10-fold increase in urinary BPA concentrations were inversely associated with percent body fat at age 8 years [β = -1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -3.4, 1.0] and 12 years (β = -1.6, 95% CI = -4.0, 0.9). In contrast, urinary BPS concentrations were positively associated with percent body fat at age 8 years (β = 1.1, 95% CI = -0.6, 2.7), but not at 12 years (β = 0.1, 95% CI = -1.7, 1.8). Urinary BPA and BPS concentrations were not associated with serum adiponectin or leptin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS We did not observe evidence that urinary BPA or BPS concentrations during childhood were associated with greater child adiposity at ages 8 and 12 years in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gajjar
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jessie P. Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
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50
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Hartley K, MacDougall MC, Terrizzi B, Xu Y, Cecil KM, Chen A, Braun JM, Lanphear BP, Newman NC, Vuong AM, Sjödin A, Yolton K. Gestational exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and social skills and problem behaviors in adolescents: The HOME study. Environ Int 2022; 159:107036. [PMID: 34896668 PMCID: PMC8748392 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent environmental pollutants used as flame retardants. Gestational PBDE exposure has been associated with a variety of behavior problems in children, but little is known about its impact into adolescence, particularly on social skills, which are important for achieving social competence, establishing identity, and forming lasting relationships. OBJECTIVE We investigated associations between gestational exposure to PBDEs and social skills and problem behaviors in early adolescence in a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio (recruited 2003-2006). METHODS We measured maternal serum concentrations of five PBDE congeners during gestation. At age 12, we measured social skills and problem behaviors scores for 243 adolescents using self- and caregiver-report on the Social Skills Improvement System (SSiS). We used multivariable linear regression models to estimate associations between maternal PBDE concentrations and SSiS scores, controlling for potential covariates. We report associations for the five congeners and a summary exposure variable (∑5BDE: the sum of BDE- 28, 47, 99, 100, and 153, n = 197). RESULTS We found sex-specific associations of ∑5BDE concentrations with adolescent-reported Problem Behaviors (∑5BDE × sex pint = 0.02) and caregiver-reported Social Skills (∑5BDE × sex pint = 0.02). In sex-stratified models, log10 transformed data revealed increased maternal ∑5BDE concentration among males was associated with decreased caregiver-reported Social Skills composite score (β = -10.2, 95% CI: -19.5, -1.0), increased adolescent-reported Problem Behaviors composite score (β = 12.1, 95% CI: 5.4, 18.8), and increased caregiver-reported Problem Behaviors composite score (β = 6.2, 95% CI: 0.7, 11.7). Further analysis on SSiS subscales revealed similar patterns in significant associations among males. There were no statistically significant associations in stratified models among females despite higher ∑5BDE exposure (Female GM=40.15 ng/g lipid, GSE=1.10; Male GM=35.30 ng/g lipid, GSE=1.09). DISCUSSION We found gestational PBDE exposure in males was associated with poorer behavioral outcomes, extending previous findings among this cohort into early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hartley
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Melinda C MacDougall
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Brandon Terrizzi
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Aimin Chen
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Brown University, Department of Epidemiology, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Simon Fraser University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Nicholas C Newman
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Ann M Vuong
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Public Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop F-20, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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