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Li X, Cai S, Chen Y, Tian X, Wang A. Enhancement of visual dominance effects at the response level in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 242:105897. [PMID: 38461557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have widely demonstrated that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit deficits in conflict control tasks. However, there is limited evidence regarding the performance of children with ADHD in cross-modal conflict processing tasks. The current study aimed to investigate whether children with ADHD have poor conflict control, which has an impact on sensory dominance effects at different levels of information processing under the influence of visual similarity. A total of 82 children aged 7 to 14 years, including 41 children with ADHD and 41 age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) children, were recruited. We used the 2:1 mapping paradigm to separate levels of conflict, and the congruency of the audiovisual stimuli was divided into three conditions. In C trials, the target stimulus and the distractor stimulus were identical, and the bimodal stimuli corresponded to the same response keys. In PRIC trials, the distractor stimulus differed from the target stimulus and did not correspond to any response keys. In RIC trials, the distractor stimulus differed from the target stimulus, and the bimodal stimuli corresponded to different response keys. Therefore, we explicitly differentiated cross-modal conflict into a preresponse level (PRIC > C), corresponding to the encoding process, and a response level (RIC > PRIC), corresponding to the response selection process. Our results suggested that auditory distractors caused more interference during visual processing than visual distractors caused during auditory processing (i.e., typical auditory dominance) at the preresponse level regardless of group. However, visual dominance effects were observed in the ADHD group, whereas no visual dominance effects were observed in the TD group at the response level. A possible explanation is that the increased interference effects due to visual similarity and children with ADHD made it more difficult to control conflict when simultaneously confronted with incongruent visual and auditory inputs. The current study highlights how children with ADHD process cross-modal conflicts at multiple levels of information processing, thereby shedding light on the mechanisms underlying ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shizhong Cai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China.
| | - Xiaoming Tian
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China.
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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2
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Suetani S, Kallapiran K, Scott JG. Have you been paying attention? Adult-onset attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2024; 58:385-386. [PMID: 38516810 DOI: 10.1177/00048674241240591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Suetani
- Institute for Urban Indigenous Health, Windsor, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Kannan Kallapiran
- Institute for Urban Indigenous Health, Windsor, QLD, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Services, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Services, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Keating J, Purcell C, Gerson SA, Vanderwert RE, Jones CRG. Exploring the presence and impact of sensory differences in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Res Dev Disabil 2024; 148:104714. [PMID: 38484422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) can experience sensory differences. There has been limited exploration of these differences and their impact on children with DCD. AIMS i) To explore the presence and impact of sensory differences in children with DCD compared to children without DCD; ii) To examine whether sensory differences are related to motor ability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or autistic traits. METHOD Parents of children (8-12 years) with (n = 23) and without (n = 33) DCD used standardised questionnaires to report on their children's sensory differences, autistic traits, and ADHD traits. Motor abilities were assessed through the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2. Data were explored both categorically (between-groups) and dimensionally. RESULTS Children with DCD had significantly higher levels of sensory differences than children without DCD. Sensory differences also had a significantly greater impact on daily activities for children with DCD. Higher levels of ADHD and autistic traits, but not motor ability, were significant independent predictors of higher levels of sensory difference. CONCLUSION Children with DCD experience high levels of sensory differences, which impact on their daily lives. These sensory differences may be a marker for additional neurodivergence in children with DCD. Practitioners should consider the sensory needs of children with DCD. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS This paper provides insight into the sensory features of children with DCD and the impact that sensory differences can have on daily living. Using parent-report, we found that children with DCD had increased sensory differences relative to children without DCD. These included increased hyperresponsiveness, increased hyporesponsiveness, and increased sensory interests, repetitions, and seeking behaviours (SIRS). We also found that sensory differences had a greater impact on daily living for children with DCD compared to children without DCD. Across the whole sample, autistic traits predicted hyperresponsivity and hyporesponsivity patterns; whereas traits of hyperactivity and impulsivity predicted SIRS. Motor abilities did not uniquely predict sensory differences, suggesting that other traits of neurodivergence may contribute to the sensory differences in DCD. Taken together, these findings highlight the necessity of considering sensory needs when supporting children with DCD. They also suggest that if sensory differences are identified in children with DCD, it may be due to the presence of co-occurring neurodivergent traits or conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Keating
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science (CUCHDS), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Sarah A Gerson
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science (CUCHDS), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ross E Vanderwert
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science (CUCHDS), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Catherine R G Jones
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science (CUCHDS), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Wales Autism Research Centre (WARC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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van Hal AFRL, Vlot J, van Rosmalen J, Wijnen RMH, van Gils-Frijters APJM, Gischler SJ, Staals LM, IJsselstijn H, Rietman AB. Minimally invasive surgical approach in children treated for oesophageal atresia is associated with attention problems at school age: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:2131-2140. [PMID: 38363392 PMCID: PMC11035457 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The long-term neurodevelopment of children born with oesophageal atresia (OA) is unclear. Therefore, we assessed the neurocognitive domains and their predictors. Patients born with OA between February 2006 and December 2014, who were routinely seen at eight years as part of a structured prospective longitudinal follow-up program, were included. Main outcome measures were need for school support, performance in various neurocognitive domains and potential predictors of neurocognitive problems. We analysed data of 65 children with a mean (SD) age of 8.1 (0.2) years, of whom 89% with OA type C. Thirty-five (54%) surgical corrections were minimally invasive; the median (interquartile range) duration of exposure to anaesthetics in the first 24 months was 398 (296 - 710) minutes. Forty-four (68%) attended regular education without extra support and intelligence was within normal range (99-108). More than 50% had z-scores ≤ -2 on one or more neurocognitive domains, of which attention was the most frequently affected domain. The speed on the sustained attention task was significantly below normal (z-score -1.48 (2.12), p < .001), as was fluctuation of sustained attention (z-score -3.19 (3.80), p < .001). The minimally invasive approach and a lower socio-economic status (both p = 0.006) proved significant predictors for sustained attention problems in multivariable analyses. Conclusion: Children who undergo minimally invasive surgery for OA correction are at risk for sustained attention problems at school age. Future studies unravelling the effects of perioperative events on neurodevelopment should lead to optimal surgical, anaesthesiological, and intensive care management in the neonatal period. What is Known: • School-aged children born with oesophageal atresia have normal intelligence but problems with sustained attention at eight years. What is New: • Oesophageal atresia patients, who undergo minimally invasive surgery or who have a background of lower socioeconomic status are at serious risk for sustained attention problems at school age. • Moreover, those who have been intubated for a longer period are at risk for stronger fluctuations in sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Fleur R L van Hal
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - John Vlot
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost van Rosmalen
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René M H Wijnen
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annabel P J M van Gils-Frijters
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia J Gischler
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke M Staals
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Centre Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke IJsselstijn
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André B Rietman
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Hotez E, Pan M, Jackson N, Rava J, Wisk LE, Lei Y, Schickedanz A, Kuo AA. Health and Well-Being at the Transition to Adulthood Among Individuals With Disabilities: An Analysis of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:964-970. [PMID: 38340121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe positive mental health, or "flourishing," and self-reported health trajectories among transition-aged young adults (TAYA) with developmental/learning and physical disabilities over a 12-year period, utilizing a population-based sample. METHODS This study features a secondary analysis of national data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Transition to Adulthood Supplement. The analytic sample included all TAYA with (n = 487) and without (n = 810) disabilities, including developmental/learning disabilities (DD/LD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and speech, hearing, and vision impairments who participated in 2017 Transition to Adulthood Supplement data collection (n = 1,297; M age = 24.5, standard deviation = 2.40). We utilized linear mixed modeling to retrospectively describe flourishing and self-reported health trajectories across 12 years among TAYA with and without disabilities between ages 18 to 28, adjusting for demographic and developmental characteristics. RESULTS Relative to TAYA without disabilities, TAYA with speech [0.10, 0.85] and vision impairments [0.10, 0.92], DD/LD [0.38, 1.11], and ADHD [0.27, 0.97] demonstrated lower flourishing. TAYA with speech [0.07, 0.36] and vision impairments [0.08, 0.38], DD/LD [0.15, 0.411], and ADHD [0.14, 0.93] reported lower health. Relative to TAYA with other disabilities, TAYA with ADHD [0.14, 0.93] and DD/LD [0.01, 0.29] reported lower flourishing and health, respectively. Interaction effects and descriptive analyses revealed distinct patterns of change for TAYA with ADHD. DISCUSSION TAYA with disabilities report lower flourishing and health, relative to TAYA without disabilities. TAYA with specific disabilities differ in their flourishing and health trajectories. Findings can inform the development of interventions for TAYA with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hotez
- Department of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Mengtong Pan
- Department of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicholas Jackson
- Department of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julianna Rava
- Department of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lauren E Wisk
- Department of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yvonne Lei
- Department of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adam Schickedanz
- Department of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alice A Kuo
- Department of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Chen R, Liu WJ, Wang JJ, Zhou DD, Wang YF. Aperiodic components and aperiodic-adjusted alpha-band oscillations in children with ADHD. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:225-231. [PMID: 38552332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the aperiodic properties and aperiodic-adjusted alpha-band oscillations in children with ADHD, focusing on the influence of different scalp regions and lateralization on these neural correlates. Sixty-two ADHD children and 52 typical developing children aged 6-12 years were enrolled. EEG recordings were made with eyes closed for a minimum of 6 min. The 'FOOOF' was used to compute aperiodic parameters (exponent and offset), and aperiodic-adjusted alpha-band features including center frequency (CF), adjusted power (AP), and bandwidth (BW). Mixed-design ANOVAs were conducted with two between-subjects levels (ADHD and control groups) and two within-subjects' factors (lateralization and scalp region). ANCOVAs were conducted after accounting for sex and age. The ADHD group showed a significantly lower exponent compared to the control group, and this difference was not influenced significantly by factors like lateralization, scalp region, or sex. There were no notable distinctions between the groups for other measures. We noticed alpha-band CF tends to increase with age, while only frontal AP shows a significant positive correlation with age. Significant main effects of sex and lateralization were observed for offset, along with an interaction effect between sex and lateralization for CF. Our findings indicate that children aged 6-12 with ADHD have a markedly lower exponent, suggesting that this measure could potentially serve as a biomarker for ADHD. Future studies should consider factors such as age, sex, lateralization, and scalp region when investigating aperiodic and aperiodic-adjusted features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Juan Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-Ju Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
| | - Dong-Dong Zhou
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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Butt DA, Jaakkimainen L, Tu K. Prevalence and Incidence Trends of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Youth Aged 1-24 Years in Ontario, Canada: A Validation Study of Health Administrative Data Algorithms: Tendances de la prévalence et de l'incidence du trouble de déficit de l'attention/hyperactivité chez les enfants et les jeunes âgés de 1 à 24 ans, en Ontario, Canada: une étude de validation des algorithmes de données administratives de santé. Can J Psychiatry 2024; 69:326-336. [PMID: 37960872 PMCID: PMC11032092 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231213553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate prevalence and incidence rates over time in children and youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the validation of population-based administrative data algorithms using family physicians' electronic medical records as a reference standard. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Ontario, Canada to identify attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children and youth aged 1-24 years in health administrative data derived from case-finding algorithms using family physicians' electronic medical records. Multiple administrative data algorithms identifying attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder cases were developed and tested from physician-diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the electronic medical record to determine their diagnostic accuracy. We calculated algorithm performance using sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. The most optimal algorithm was used to estimate prevalence and incidence rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder from 2014 to 2021 in Ontario. RESULTS The optimal performing algorithm was "2 physician visits for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 1 year or 1 attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-specific prescription" with sensitivity: 83.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81.8% to 84.5%), specificity: 98.6% (95% CI, 98.5% to 98.7%), positive predictive value: 78.6% (95% CI, 77.1% to 80.0%) and negative predictive value: 98.9% (95% CI, 98.8% to 99.0%). From 2014, prevalence rates for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder increased from 5.29 to 7.48 per 100 population in 2021 (N = 281,785). Males had higher prevalence rates (7.49 to 9.59 per 100 population, 1.3-fold increase) than females (2.96-5.26 per 100 population, 1.8-fold increase) from 2014 to 2021. Incidence rates increased from 2014 (0.53 per 100 population) until 2018, decreased in 2020 then rose steeply in 2021 (0.89 per 100 population, N = 34,013). Males also had higher incidence rates than females from 2014 to 2020 with females surpassing males in 2021 (0.70-0.81 per 100 male population,1.2-fold increase versus 0.36-0.97 per 100 female population, 2.7-fold increase). CONCLUSIONS Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is increasing in prevalence. We developed an administrative data algorithm that can reliably identify children and youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder with good diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A. Butt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Scarborough General Hospital, Scarborough Health Network, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liisa Jaakkimainen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Academic Family Health Team, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Tu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Research and Innovation and Department of Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Western Family Health Team, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kim D, Yadav D, Song M. An updated review on animal models to study attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:187. [PMID: 38605002 PMCID: PMC11009407 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder affecting both children and adolescents. Individuals with ADHD experience heterogeneous problems, such as difficulty in attention, behavioral hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Recent studies have shown that complex genetic factors play a role in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders. Animal models with clear hereditary traits are crucial for studying the molecular, biological, and brain circuit mechanisms underlying ADHD. Owing to their well-managed genetic origins and the relative simplicity with which the function of neuronal circuits is clearly established, models of mice can help learn the mechanisms involved in ADHD. Therefore, in this review, we highlighting the important genetic animal models that can be used to study ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daegeon Kim
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea.
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Tosta A, Fonseca AS, Messeder D, Ferreira ST, Lourenco MV, Pandolfo P. Effects of Gestational Exercise on Nociception, BDNF, and Irisin Levels in an Animal Model of ADHD. Neuroscience 2024; 543:37-48. [PMID: 38401710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal cognitive and sensorial properties have been reported in patients with psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD patients exhibit impaired dopaminergic signaling and plasticity in brain areas related to cognitive and sensory processing. The spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR), in comparison to the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY), is the most used genetic animal model to study ADHD. Brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF), critical for midbrain and hippocampal dopaminergic neuron survival and differentiation, is reduced in both ADHD subjects and SHR. Physical exercise (e.g. swimming) promotes neuroplasticity and improves cognition by increasing BDNF and irisin. Here we investigate the effects of gestational swimming on sensorial and behavioral phenotypes, striatal dopaminergic parameters, and hippocampal FNDC5/irisin and BDNF levels observed in WKY and SHR. Gestational swimming improved nociception in SHR rats (p = 0.006) and increased hippocampal BDNF levels (p = 0.02) in a sex-dependent manner in adolescent offspring. Sex differences were observed in hippocampal FNDC5/irisin levels (p = 0.002), with females presenting lower levels than males. Our results contribute to the notion that swimming during pregnancy is a promising alternative to improve ADHD phenotypes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Tosta
- Program of Neurosciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ariene S Fonseca
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Débora Messeder
- Program of Neurosciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Sérgio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pablo Pandolfo
- Program of Neurosciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil; Program of Biomedical Sciences: Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil.
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10
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Treier AK, Hautmann C, Dose C, Nordmann L, Katzmann J, Pinior J, Scholz KK, Döpfner M. Process Mechanisms in Behavioral Versus Nondirective Guided Self-help for Parents of Children with Externalizing Behavior. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:453-466. [PMID: 36064990 PMCID: PMC9444695 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The study examined potential mediating effects of therapist behaviors in the per-protocol sample (n = 108) of a randomized controlled trial comparing a behavioral and a nondirective guided self-help intervention for parents of children with externalizing disorders (4-11 years). Additionally, from an exploratory perspective, we analyzed a sequential model with parental adherence as second mediator following therapist behavior. Outcomes were child symptom severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder rated by blinded clinicians, and parent-rated child functional impairment. We found a significant indirect effect on the reduction of ADHD and functional impairment through emotion- and relationship-focused therapist behavior in the nondirective intervention. Additionally, we found limited support for an extended sequential mediation effect through therapist behavior and parental adherence in the models for these outcomes. The study proposes potential mediating mechanisms unique to the nondirective intervention and complements previous findings on mediator processes in favor of the behavioral group. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01350986.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrin Treier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christopher Hautmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Dose
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Nordmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Josepha Katzmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Pinior
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristin Katharina Scholz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Stern P, Kolodny T, Tsafrir S, Cohen G, Shalev L. Unique Patterns of Eye Movements Characterizing Inattentive Reading in ADHD. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:1008-1016. [PMID: 38327026 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231223728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify unique patterns of eye-movements measures reflecting inattentive reading among adults with and without ADHD. METHOD & RESULTS We recorded eye-movements during uninterrupted text reading of typically developed (TD) and ADHD adults. First, we found significantly longer reading time for the ADHD group than the TD group. Further, we detected cases in which words were reread more than twice and found that such occasions were much more frequent in participants with ADHD than in TD participants. Moreover, we discovered that the first reading pass of these words was less sensitive to the length of the word than the first pass of words read only once, indicating a less meaningful reading. CONCLUSION We propose that high rate of words that were reread is a correlate of inattentive reading which is more pronounced among ADHD readers. Implications of the findings in the context of reading comprehension are discussed.
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12
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Kohler R, Lichenstein SD, Cheng A, Holmes A, Bzdok D, Pearlson G, Yip SW. Identification of a Composite Latent Dimension of Reward and Impulsivity Across Clinical, Behavioral, and Neurobiological Domains Among Youth. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 2024; 9:407-416. [PMID: 38052266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual differences in reward processing are central to heightened risk-taking behaviors during adolescence, but there is inconsistent evidence for the relationship between risk-taking phenotypes and the neural substrates of these behaviors. METHODS Here, we identify latent features of reward in an attempt to provide a unifying framework linking together aspects of the brain and behavior during early adolescence using a multivariate pattern learning approach. Data (N = 8295; n male = 4190; n female = 4105) were acquired as part of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and included neuroimaging (regional neural activity responses during reward anticipation) and behavioral (e.g., impulsivity measures, delay discounting) variables. RESULTS We revealed a single latent dimension of reward driven by shared covariation between striatal, thalamic, and anterior cingulate responses during reward anticipation, negative urgency, and delay discounting behaviors. Expression of these latent features differed among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior disorder, compared with those without, and higher expression of these latent features was negatively associated with multiple dimensions of executive function and cognition. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cross-domain patterns of anticipatory reward processing linked to negative features of impulsivity exist in both the brain and in behavior during early adolescence and that these are representative of 2 commonly diagnosed reward-related psychiatric disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior disorder. Furthermore, they provide an explicit baseline from which multivariate developmental trajectories of reward processes may be tracked in later waves of the ABCD Study and other developmental cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kohler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Sarah D Lichenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Annie Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Avram Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada and Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, BIC, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sarah W Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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13
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Babinski DE, Kujawa A, Pegg S, Leslie JM, Pothoven C, Waschbusch DA, Sharp C. Social and Monetary Reward Processing in Youth with Early Emerging Personality Pathology: An RDoC-Informed Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:567-578. [PMID: 38008786 PMCID: PMC10963144 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Very little is known about the mechanisms underlying the development of personality disorders, hindering efforts to address early risk for these costly and stigmatized disorders. In this study, we examined associations between social and monetary reward processing, measured at the neurophysiological level, and personality pathology, operationalized through the Level of Personality Functioning (LPF), in a sample of early adolescent females (Mage = 12.21 years old, SD = 1.21). Female youth with (n = 80) and without (n = 30) a mental health history completed laboratory tasks assessing social and monetary reward responsiveness using electroencephalogram (EEG) and completed ratings of personality pathology. Commonly co-occurring psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) were also assessed. At the bivariate level, significant associations did not emerge between psychopathology and reward processing variables. When covarying symptoms of depression, anxiety, ADHD, ODD, and CD, an enhanced reward positivity (RewP) component to social reward feedback (accounting for response to social rejection) was associated with higher levels of personality impairment. Results were specific to social rather than monetary reward processing. Depression, anxiety, and ODD also explained unique variance in LPF. These findings suggest that alterations in social reward processing may be a key marker for early emerging personality pathology. Future work examining the role of social reward processing on the development of LPF across adolescence may guide efforts to prevent the profound social dysfunction associated with personality pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara E Babinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samantha Pegg
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julia M Leslie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Cameron Pothoven
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A Waschbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Peisch V, Li V, Arnett AB. Effortful Control Protects Against Familial Liability for ADHD: Longitudinal Results from the ABCD Study in the United States. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:595-604. [PMID: 37750998 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Effortful control, the ability to regulate complex and goal-directed behavior, may protect individuals from developing mental health symptoms. This study tested the potential for child effortful control and executive functioning to buffer the effects of familial liability for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) problems across a one-year timeframe. Data from the prospectively-collected Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD)® study were used to examine whether caregiver-rated child effortful control and executive functioning moderated the association between familial ADHD risk and later ADHD symptoms in a sample of children (N = 6,133; ages 9-10 years at baseline). Two independent variables were considered to compare the predictive powers of specific (family ADHD) and broad (family psychopathology) risk factors. Two additional moderating variables (surgency, negative affect) were tested to examine specificity of effortful control and executive functioning as moderators. All variables of interest were measured on a continuum and via caregiver report. At high levels of effortful control and executive functioning, there was no association between familial liability for ADHD or broad psychopathology and later child ADHD problems. The moderator effects were specific to effortful control and executive functioning domains. Etiological models of heritable psychiatric disorders, such as ADHD, should consider the risk and protective contributions of individual traits, such as effortful control and executive functioning. Clinical prevention and intervention efforts may target self-regulation skills in children to buffer against familial liability for ADHD problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Peisch
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Vivian Li
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anne B Arnett
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Rivella C, Bazzurro A, Olla V, Potente C, Vio C, Viterbori P, Usai MC. Impact of Distractors on Sustained Attention and Inhibition in Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:970-981. [PMID: 38178562 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231218932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the impact of visual and auditory distractors on attention and inhibition in children with and without ADHD. METHOD The study used the MOXO d-CPT child version. The sample consisted of 208 children aged 8 to 12 years, including 64 with ADHD and 144 controls. RESULTS Children with ADHD and controls differed in their reaction to distracting stimuli; visual distractors cause a higher decrease in sustained attention and inhibitory control in the ADHD group. Moreover, auditory distractors generate improved performance in the control group but not in the ADHD group. In addition, age-related effects were found in both sustained attention and inhibitory control in all children, regardless of whether the ADHD condition was present. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that children with ADHD performed poorer compared to controls, and that distractors differently affected the performance of the two groups.
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16
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Li Y, Ma S, Zhang X, Gao L. ASD and ADHD: Divergent activating patterns of prefrontal cortex in executive function tasks? J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:187-196. [PMID: 38401362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been more and more widely used to measure the activation state of prefrontal cortex when performing function-related tasks among children with various developmental disorders. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have shown obvious executive function defects. We aimed to summarize the studies with fNIRS, to summarize the activation patterns of prefrontal cortex (PFC) of participants with ASD or ADHD in performing functional tasks. We selected 630 articles according to PRISMA guidelines, and the eligibility criteria were: 6-16 years old individuals diagnosed with ASD or ADHD by DSM-4 or 5, using fNIRS, having executive function (EF) task, typical development (TD) control, and between-group comparison of PFC activation. Eleven studies were finally included in the quantitative analysis, and compared to TD, ASD and ADHD showed the opposite PFC activation patterns during n-back tasks. We discussed the task-specific PFC activation in young participants with ASD and ADHD, and provided some new ideas on that issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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17
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Hennessy A, Nichols ES, Al-Saoud S, Brossard-Racine M, Duerden EG. Identifying cognitive profiles in children with neurodevelopmental disorders using online cognitive testing. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:591-607. [PMID: 38282296 PMCID: PMC10945998 DOI: 10.1177/13591045241228889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to exhibit similar deficits in attention and memory ability. Early screening of cognitive deficits in children with NDDs, particularly in preschool children, is fundamental to improving cognitive and academic outcomes. In order to determine cognitive profiles in children with ASD and ADHD, we developed accessible audiovisual instructions for an online battery of 13 cognitive tests. Children ages 4-16 who were diagnosed with ADHD (n = 83), or ASD (n = 37), or who were typically developing children (TD) (n = 86) were recruited. Data were analyzed using a stepwise Discriminant Analysis to determine which cognitive tasks were the strongest discriminators between the diagnostic groups. Results revealed four tasks reflective of working memory, reasoning, and attentional processes, which correctly classified approximately 53-60% of each group. The ADHD group had lower scores on attentional tasks compared to TD, while ASD group had lower scores on reasoning tasks compared to the TD children, and made more attempts across all four tasks. The results from this study stress the need for cognitive screening assessments that include domain-specific items to improve the characterization of executive function deficits and promote academic achievement in all children with NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abagail Hennessy
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, Canada
| | - Emily S Nichols
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, Canada
| | - Sarah Al-Saoud
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, Canada
| | | | - Emma G Duerden
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, Canada
- Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Canada
- Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada
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18
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Zhang Y, Feng Y, Liu L, Jiang G, Wang M. Abnormal prefrontal cortical activation during the GO/NOGO and verbal fluency tasks in adult patients with comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An fNIRS study. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:281-290. [PMID: 38428164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are commonly reported comorbidities. Adult GAD patients with comorbid ADHD are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. To explore the clinical value of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data for assisting in the accurate diagnosis of ADHD in individuals with GAD, haemoglobin (HbO) concentration changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were detected via fNIRS in 49 patients with both GAD and ADHD, 46 patients with GAD, and 34 healthy controls (HCs) during a verbal fluency task (VFT) and a GO/NOGO task. The correlations between PFC fNIRS data and the severity of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms assessed using the adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were analyzed. Our results showed that, during the GO/NOGO task, channels in the left dorsolateral PFC (channels 28 and 29) were hyperactivated, while channels in the medial PFC (channels 36, 37, and 47) were hypoactivated in participants with ADHD and GAD compared with those with GAD alone. During the VFT, compared with the HC group, both the ADHD + GAD group and the GAD group exhibited significantly decreased HbO activation in the medial PFC (channels 37, 38, and 48) and in the left ventrolateral PFC (channel 39); moreover, no difference was found between the ADHD + GAD group and the GAD group. Activation in the left dorsolateral PFC (channels 28 and 29) during the GO/NOGO task showed a significant positive correlation with ASRS-inattention scores. Our results indicated that fNIRS data collected during the GO/NOGO task may help to distinguish patients with comorbid GAD and ADHD from those with GAD alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaju Feng
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Linfeng Liu
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China.
| | - Minjian Wang
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China.
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19
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Elahi H, Iosif AM, Mukherjee P, Hinshaw SP, Schweitzer JB. Using Hot and Cool Measures to Phenotype and Predict Functional Outcomes Across Dimensions of ADHD and Typical Development in Adolescents. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:579-593. [PMID: 38038753 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple pathway models propose that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) arises from dysfunction in separate systems comprised of a "cool" or cognitive pathway versus a "hot" or emotional/reward pathway. Interactions between these pathways and the degree of maturation may further determine functional outcomes for adolescents ranging from those diagnosed with ADHD to typical development (TD). We used a latent profile analysis on rating scales and behavioral task performance assessing emotion, irritability, impulsivity, risk-taking, future orientation, and processing speed (PS) to identify subgroups of TD adolescents and adolescents with ADHD (N = 152) based on the hot and cool pathway model. We identified four classes: 1) High-Complex Challenges; 2) Moderate-Mixed Challenges; 3) Non-Emotive Impulsivity; and 4) High Regulation and Control. A multiple pathway model of ADHD is supported with classes differing in degree of emotional lability and irritability, types of impulsivity, and ability to use future consequences to modulate impulsivity and PS. The classes differed regarding functional behavior, with the High-Complex class demonstrating the most severe functional challenges in academic-related functioning. The Moderate-Mixed class also displayed significant functional challenges but with moderate emotional lability and irritability ratings. The Non-Emotive Impulsivity class exhibited low emotionality and low irritability, yet high impulsivity with limited negative functional consequences, and was composed of a mix of ADHD and TD adolescents. Differences between classes suggest ADHD symptomatology may represent both categorical and dimensional differences. Precision health interventions may be more effective in addressing the specific challenges associated with the classes rather than a one-size-fits-all approach to treating ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Elahi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ana-Maria Iosif
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Prerona Mukherjee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Stephen P Hinshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie B Schweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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20
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Edenberg HJ. What Risks Do Offspring of Parents With Alcohol Use Disorder Face? Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:269-271. [PMID: 38557141 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20240097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
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21
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Lorenzo NE, Bui HNT, Degnan KA, McDermott JM, Henderson HA, Fox NA, Chronis-Tuscano A. The Developmental Unfolding of ADHD Symptoms from Early Childhood Through Adolescence: Early Effects of Exuberant Temperament, Parenting and Executive Functioning. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:621-634. [PMID: 37975959 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Temperament, parenting, and executive functioning (EF) are individual and contextual factors that have been identified to play a role in the development of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Specifically, exuberant temperament in toddlerhood has been associated with both adaptive and maladaptive outcomes, including ADHD symptoms. Therefore, it is important to understand factors that predict which exuberant children experience increased ADHD symptoms and the specific mechanisms through which early exuberant temperament impacts later ADHD symptoms. Using a multi-method, prospective longitudinal design, this study examined a moderated mediation model wherein the interactive effects of observed exuberance and parenting at age 3 predicted the development of parent-reported ADHD symptoms from childhood through adolescence (age 5, 7, 9, 12, and 15) via child EF (i.e., inhibitory control) at age 4. Parent-child dyads (n = 291) from a longitudinal study on child temperament were included. A piecewise model of ADHD symptom growth demonstrated stability in ADHD symptoms from age 5-9 and a decrease from age 9-15. Results support a moderated mediation model wherein an increase in ADHD symptoms throughout childhood was predicted from early childhood exuberant temperament by way of EF, but only for children whose parents displayed less directive parenting. Findings suggest identifiable early markers of risk, including temperament, parenting, and EF- pointing to possible targets for early intervention/prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Lorenzo
- Psychology Department, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20016, US.
| | - Hong N T Bui
- Psychology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, US
| | | | - Jennifer M McDermott
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, US
| | | | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, US
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22
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Roman-Urrestarazu A, van Kessel R. The Global Burden of Disease Epidemiology-When Big Data Impute the Nonexistent. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:331-332. [PMID: 38372992 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This Viewpoint discusses concerns about the data quality of the Global Burden of Disease study with respect to incidence estimates of child and adolescent mental health disorders, such as autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Roman-Urrestarazu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Robin van Kessel
- Department of Health Policy, LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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23
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Cardinale EM, Bezek J, Siegal O, Freitag GF, Subar A, Khosravi P, Mallidi A, Peterson O, Morales I, Haller SP, Filippi C, Lee K, Brotman MA, Leibenluft E, Pine DS, Linke JO, Kircanski K. Multivariate Assessment of Inhibitory Control in Youth: Links With Psychopathology and Brain Function. Psychol Sci 2024; 35:376-389. [PMID: 38446868 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241231574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control is central to many theories of cognitive and brain development, and impairments in inhibitory control are posited to underlie developmental psychopathology. In this study, we tested the possibility of shared versus unique associations between inhibitory control and three common symptom dimensions in youth psychopathology: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and irritability. We quantified inhibitory control using four different experimental tasks to estimate a latent variable in 246 youth (8-18 years old) with varying symptom types and levels. Participants were recruited from the Washington, D.C., metro region. Results of structural equation modeling integrating a bifactor model of psychopathology revealed that inhibitory control predicted a shared or general psychopathology dimension, but not ADHD-specific, anxiety-specific, or irritability-specific dimensions. Inhibitory control also showed a significant, selective association with global efficiency in a frontoparietal control network delineated during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. These results support performance-based inhibitory control linked to resting-state brain function as an important predictor of comorbidity in youth psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Cardinale
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Olivia Siegal
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gabrielle F Freitag
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anni Subar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Parmis Khosravi
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ajitha Mallidi
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Olivia Peterson
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Isaac Morales
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Simone P Haller
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Kyunghun Lee
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Melissa A Brotman
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Katharina Kircanski
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
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Sørensen L, Adolfsdottir S, Kvadsheim E, Eichele H, Plessen KJ, Sonuga-Barke E. Suboptimal decision making and interpersonal problems in ADHD: longitudinal evidence from a laboratory task. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6535. [PMID: 38503800 PMCID: PMC10951300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Over half of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) display interpersonal and social problems. Several lines of research suggest that suboptimal decision making, the ability to adjust choices to different risk-varying options, influences poorer choices made in social interactions. We thus measured decision making and its prediction of social problems longitudinally with the Cambridge Gambling Task in children with ADHD over four years. Children with ADHD had shown suboptimal decision making driven mainly by delay aversion at baseline and we expected this to be a stabile trait which would predict greater parent-reported social problems. From the baseline assessment (n = 70), 67% participated at the follow-up assessment, 21 from the ADHD group and 26 from the typically developing group. The mean age at the follow-up was 14.5 years old. The results confirmed our expectations that suboptimal decision making was a stabile trait in children and adolescents with ADHD. Although delay aversion did not differ from controls at follow-up it still proved to be the main longitudinal predictor for greater social problems. Our findings indicate that impulsivity in social interactions may be due to a motivational deficit in youth with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sørensen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - S Adolfsdottir
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Vision Impairments, Statped - National Service for Special Needs Education, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Kvadsheim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Eichele
- Regional Resource Centre for Autism, ADHD and Tourette Syndrome Western Norway, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - K J Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
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Jeon N, Albogami Y, Jung SY, Bussing R, Winterstein AG. Comparing pregnancy and pregnancy outcome rates between adolescents with and without pre-existing mental disorders. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296425. [PMID: 38483946 PMCID: PMC10939254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited population-based data on the role of mental disorders in adolescent pregnancy, despite the presence of mental disorders that may affect adolescents' desires and decisions to become pregnant. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the relationship between specific types of mental disorders and pregnancy rates and outcome types among adolescents aged 13-19 years, using single-year age groups. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Merative™ MarketScan Research Databases. The study population consisted of females aged 13-19 years with continuous insurance enrollment for three consecutive calendar years between 2005 and 2015. Pregnancy incidence rates were calculated both overall and within the different categories of mental disorders. The presence of mental disorders, identified through diagnosis codes, was classified into 15 categories. Pregnancy and pregnancy outcome types were determined using diagnosis and procedure codes indicating the pregnancy status or outcome. To address potential over- or underestimations of mental disorder-specific pregnancy rates resulting from variations in age distribution across different mental disorder types, we applied age standardization using 2010 U.S. Census data. Finally, multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between 15 specific types of mental disorders and pregnancy incidence rates, stratified by age. RESULTS The age-standardized pregnancy rate among adolescents diagnosed with at least one mental disorder was 15.4 per 1,000 person-years, compared to 8.5 per 1,000 person-years among adolescents without a mental disorder diagnosis. Compared to pregnant adolescents without a mental disorder diagnosis, those with a mental disorder diagnosis had a slightly but significantly higher abortion rate (26.7% vs 23.8%, P-value < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression models showed that substance use-related disorders had the highest odds ratios (ORs) for pregnancy incidence, ranging from 2.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1-2.7] to 4.5 [95% CI:2.1-9.5] across different age groups. Overall, bipolar disorders (OR range: 1.6 [95% CI:1.4-1.9]- 1.8 [95% CI: 1.7-2.0]), depressive disorders (OR range: 1.4 [95% CI: 1.3-1.5]- 2.7 [95% CI: 2.3-3.1]), alcohol-related disorders (OR range: 1.2 [95% CI: 1.1-1.4]- 14.5 [95% CI: 1.2-178.6]), and attention-deficit/conduct/disruptive behavior disorders (OR range: 1.1 [95% CI: 1.0-1.1]- 1.8 [95% CI: 1.1-3.0]) were also significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy, compared to adolescents without diagnosed mental disorders of the same age. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the elevated rates of pregnancy and pregnancy ending in abortion among adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders, and identifies the particular mental disorders associated with higher pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakyung Jeon
- Pusan National University College of Pharmacy, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasser Albogami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sun-Young Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Regina Bussing
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Almut G. Winterstein
- Department of Pharamceutical Outcomes and Policy, Department of Epidemiology, and Center for drug Evaluation and Safety, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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André F, Bore P, Toresson T, Andersson M, Claesdotter-Knutsson E. The relationship between game genre, monetization strategy and symptoms of gaming disorder in a clinical sample of adolescents. Ups J Med Sci 2024; 129:10386. [PMID: 38571884 PMCID: PMC10989217 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v129.10386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gaming disorder (GD) has been introduced as a new diagnosis in the International Classification of Disease 11 (ICD-11). Currently, there's limited understanding of how various video games may differentially contribute to the risk of developing GD. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between individuals' game genre preferences, their preferred games' monetization strategies, and GD Symptoms. Methods A total of 85 patients undergoing treatment for GD at a child and youth psychiatric clinic were included in the study. Their preferred games were classified into five novel genres based on gameplay similarities and objectives, and further categorized based on their monetization strategy. Results Symptom burden of GD, measured with Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA), was highest for those playing Free-to-Play (F2P) games and lowest for Pay-to-Play (P2P) players. Players of Competitive Games endorsed higher GD symptom burden, whereas players of Story-driven games reported lower GD symptom burden. Symptoms of GD were associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis in males. Conclusions This study reveals that game genre preference is influenced by sex, age, and certain psychiatric diagnoses. The categorizing of games into genres is increasingly complex and our research introduces a novel categorization in a developing research field. The result of this study suggests that the monetization model is important to consider while trying to understand the relationship between game characteristics and GD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida André
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Bore
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
- Region Skåne, Malmö Addiction Center, Clinical Addiction Research Unit, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Mitchell Andersson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
- Region Skåne, Malmö Addiction Center, Clinical Addiction Research Unit, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
- Region Skåne, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Regional Outpatient Care, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Yin X, Liu W, Feng H, Huang J, Wang Q, Zhang Q, He J, Wang R. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 attenuates hippocampal damage and memory impairments in an ADHD rat model. Food Funct 2024; 15:2668-2678. [PMID: 38374797 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04665f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly accompanied by learning and memory deficits. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 (BAA6) on behaviour and memory function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The results showed that BAA6 treatment ameliorated spatial working memory deficits and inhibited hippocampal neuron loss in SHRs. The levels of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, dopamine, and norepinephrine, and the brain derived neurotrophic factor increased and that of glutamate decreased in the brain tissue of SHRs after BAA6 administration. Moreover, BAA6 reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and antioxidant glutathione in SHRs. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing showed that BAA6 treatment changed the gut microbiota composition. BAA6 promoted beneficial Lactobacillus, Romboutsia, Blautia, and Turicibacter, and decreased the enrichment of bacterial genera such as Dietzia, Sporosarcina, Brevibacterium, NK4A214_group, Atopostipes, and Facklamia negatively associated with neurotransmitter release and anti-inflammatory effects in SHRs. Together, these results suggested that BAA6 improved memory function by ameliorating hippocampal damage, abnormal neurotransmitter release and cerebral inflammation by reshaping the gut microbiota in SHRs. This study provides a scientific basis for the development and application of BAA6 as a promising dietary intervention to reduce the risk of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Weichen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Haihong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China.
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Langfang 065200, China
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Xinjiang Golden Camel Investment Co., Ltd., Wulumuqi 830039, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jingjing He
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China.
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Wang N, Wang H, Bai Y, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Gao X, Zhang Z, Yang L. Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Difference of Gut Microbiota in ADHD. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:872-879. [PMID: 38327077 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231225491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although ADHD is highly heritable, some environmental factors contribute to its development. Given the growing evidence that gut microbiota was involved in psychiatric disorders, we aimed to identify the characteristic composition of the gut microbiota in ADHD. METHODS We recruited 47 medication-naive children and adolescents with ADHD, and 60 healthy controls (HCs). We used shotgun metagenomics to measure the structure of the gut microbiota and analyzed the difference in bacterial taxa between ADHD and HCs. RESULTS Significant differences were found between the ADHD and HC groups in both alpha diversity indices (Simpson index, p = .025 and Shannon index, p = .049) and beta diversity indices (Euclidean distance, Bray-Curtis distance, and JSD distance, p < 2.2e-16). Nine representative species best explain the difference. CONCLUSION Patients with ADHD showed significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiota compared with HCs. These results may help identify potential biomarkers of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Yan'an Third People's Hospital, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Yan'an Third People's Hospital, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yilu Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuping Gao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zifeng Zhang
- Yan'an Third People's Hospital, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Homolak J. Fruit and vegetable intake and ADHD - beeting around the bush? Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:209-211. [PMID: 36787276 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2177580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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30
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Yang Y, Zhu X, Auyeung B, Obsuth I, Murray A. Associations Between Reward and Future-Related Orientations and General and Specific Mental Health Issues in Adolescence. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:385-397. [PMID: 37804397 PMCID: PMC10896876 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is characterised by a peak in sensation seeking accompanied by gradually developing self-control skills. Adolescents typically show steeper delay discounting performance than other age groups; a feature that is transdiagnostically related to a variety of mental health disorders. However, delay discounting performance is not a singular mental process but involves both risk/reward and future orientation elements, usually operationalised as probability/risk and time discounting tasks, respectively. To clarify the specific relations between the risk/reward and future orientation elements of delay discounting and different types of mental health problems, two bi-factor models and a series of structural equation models (SEMs) were fitted to multi-informant (parent and adolescent self-reported) mental health data from a large UK study. A transdiagnostic promotive role of future orientation was found using bi-factor modelling to separate general and dimension-specific mental health variation; however, this was limited to parent reports. In addition, future orientation was negatively associated with conduct problems and ADHD symptoms, but positively associated with emotional problems. Risk aversion was negatively associated with conduct problems, but positively associated with emotional and peer problems. The findings highlight that risk/reward and future orientation elements of delay discounting play partly distinct roles in different mental health problems and can serve both promotive and risk roles during adolescence. Findings also illuminate which elements of delay discounting should be intervention targets for different mental health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Xinxin Zhu
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ingrid Obsuth
- Clinical Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aja Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Arca AA, Mouloua M, Hancock PA. Individual differences, ADHD diagnosis, and driving performance: effects of traffic density and distraction type. Ergonomics 2024; 67:288-304. [PMID: 37267092 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2221417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the impact of individual differences, attention, and memory deficits on distracted driving. Drivers with ADHD are more susceptible to distraction which results in more frequent collisions, violations, and licence suspensions. Consequently, the present investigation had 36 participants complete preliminary questionnaires, memory tasks, workload indices, and four, 4-min simulated driving scenarios to evaluate such impact. It was hypothesised ADHD diagnosis, type of cellular distraction, and traffic density would each differentially and substantively impact driving performance. Results indicated traffic density and distraction type significantly affected the objective driving facets measured, as well as subjective and secondary task performance. ADHD diagnosis directly impacted secondary task performance. Results further showed significant interactions between distraction type and traffic density on both brake pressure and steering wheel angle negatively impacting lateral and horizontal vehicle control. Altogether, these findings provide substantial empirical evidence for the deleterious effect of cellphone use on driving performance.Practitioner summary: This study examined how ADHD diagnosis, traffic density, and distraction type affect driver behaviour. Participants completed driving behaviour questionnaires, memory tasks, workload indices, and driving scenarios. Results showed that ADHD diagnosis impacted secondary task performance, while traffic and distractions significantly impacted driving performance as well secondary task performance and workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Arca
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mustapha Mouloua
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Peter A Hancock
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Oláh S, Nagy V, Miklósi M. [The role of personal strengths in the relationship between adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and perceived stress]. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2024; 26:30-38. [PMID: 38603551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES David P. Bernstein's model of personal strengths was born out of the interaction of schema theory and positive psychology. According to Bernstein, the strengths of a healthy adult self can be described along four dimensions: self-directedness, self-regulation, connectedness, and transcendence. Previous research has shown that attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is associated with higher levels of perceived stress, but the role of personal strengths in this context has not yet been investigated. The aim of our study was to explore the role of Bernstein's strength dimensions in the relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and perceived stress, using a dimensional approach in a non-clinical sample. METHOD Our online questionnaire, which included the Bernstein Strengths Scale (BSS), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), and a shortened version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS4), was completed by 100 adults (mean age 38.25 years, standard deviation 5.73 years) after informed consent. RESULTS In the bivariate analysis, the ASRS showed a significant negative association with the BSS dimensions, with a large effect size for self-regulation and a medium effect size for the other dimensions. On the other hand, the PSS4 scale showed significant negative correlations with all four strength dimensions, with effect sizes large for self-direction and self-regulation and medium for the connection and transcendence dimensions. Personal strengths mediated the relationship between ADHD symptoms and perceived stress. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that ADHD symptoms may be associated with a deficit in personal strengths, which may contribute to negative outcomes. Psychotherapeutic interventions that support the recognition, cultivation and mobilization of strengths may be useful in the treatment of adults diagnosed with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Oláh
- Semmelweis Egyetem, ÁOK, Klinikai Pszichológia Tanszék, Budapest
- Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, PPK, Pszichológiai Intézet, Budapest
| | - Vivien Nagy
- Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, PPK, Pszichológiai Intézet, Budapest
| | - Mónika Miklósi
- Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, PPK, Pszichológiai Intézet, Budapest
- Heim Pál Országos Gyermekgyógyászati Intézet, Mentálhigiéniai Központ, Budapest
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Gomez A, Gonzalez-Monge S, Huron C, Mazza S. Unravelling neurodevelopmental complexity of motor profiles and attention in developmental coordination disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:279-280. [PMID: 37861226 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
This commentary is on the original article by Bonthrone et al. on pages 362–378 of this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gomez
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, University of Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Sibylle Gonzalez-Monge
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, University of Lyon, Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service de rééducation pédiatrique, Centre de référence trouble des apprentissages, Bron, France
| | - Caroline Huron
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, System Engineering and Evolution Dynamics, Paris, France
- Learning Planet Institute, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Mazza
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, University of Lyon, Bron, France
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Yule AM, Mail V, Butler R, Wilens TE. Medication Treatment for Youth in Substance Use Disorder Residential Treatment. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:791-799. [PMID: 38166518 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231218948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Residential is a common treatment setting for youth with high-severity substance use disorders (SUD). This study evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and medication for youth in residential SUD treatment. METHODS Youth in Massachusetts state licensed and funded SUD residential programs completed questionnaires assessing demographics, primary substance of use, and psychopathology symptoms (Youth Self Report [YSR]/Adult Self Report [ASR]). De-identified medication lists were provided by the programs. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample. RESULTS Among the 47 youth who participated, 51.1% were male, 72.3% white, 83% non-Hispanic, mean age 20.7 years. Opioids were the most common primary substance identified by youth (51.1%), and 75% had at least one clinically elevated subscale on the YSR/ASR. Most youth were prescribed at least one medication (89.4%) with a mean of 2.9 medications. CONCLUSION Youth in SUD residential treatment frequently have clinically elevated psychiatric symptoms, and psychotropic medication was commonly prescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Yule
- Boston Medical Center, MA, USA
- Boston University, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Mail
- Boston Medical Center, MA, USA
- Boston University, MA, USA
| | | | - Timothy E Wilens
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Goldstein S, Faraone SV, Wilens TE, Wozniak JR, Surman CB, Joshi G, Spencer TJ. Introduction to a Special Issue: A Tribute to Dr. Joseph Biederman-Pioneering Insights in Child and Adult Psychiatry and Psychology. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:549. [PMID: 38288588 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231225007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
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Xiong K, Wan M, Cai D, Nan W. Down-regulation of theta amplitude through neurofeedback improves executive control network efficiency in healthy children. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 197:112301. [PMID: 38218562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive clinical research on neurofeedback (NF) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), few studies targeted the optimization of attention performance in healthy children. As a crucial component of attention networks, the executive control network, involved in resolving response conflicts and allocating cognitive resources, is closely linked to theta activity. Here, we aimed to answer whether theta down-regulating NF can enhance healthy children's attention performance, especially the executive control network. Sixty children aged 6-12 years were randomly assigned to the NF and waitlist control groups. The NF group received theta down-regulation NF training for five days (a total of 100 mins), and the attention performance of both groups was measured by the attention network test (ANT) in the pre, post-NF, and 7-day follow-up. The electroencephalographic (EEG) results demonstrated a significant decrease in resting-state theta amplitude within sessions. For the behavioral results, the NF group exhibited significant improvements in overall attention performance and the efficiency of the executive control network relative to the control group in the post-NF and follow-up assessment, whereas the alerting and orienting networks remained unchanged. These findings proved the feasibility of theta down-regulating NF and its positive effect on attention in the healthy children population. In particular, the facilitation of the efficiency of the executive control network and the unaltered performance of the other two attention networks in the NF group may support the causality between theta rhythm and the executive control network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Xiong
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqi Wan
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Cai
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenya Nan
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Wols A, Pingel M, Lichtwarck-Aschoff A, Granic I. Effectiveness of applied and casual games for young people's mental health: A systematic review of randomised controlled studies. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 108:102396. [PMID: 38320420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Many youth experience mental health problems and digital games hold potential as mental health interventions. This systematic review provides an overview of randomised controlled studies assessing the effectiveness of digital applied and casual games for improving mental health in youth aged 6-24 years. A systematic search of PsycINFO, Web of Science and Pubmed yielded 145 eligible studies. Studies on (sub)clinical participant samples (n = 75) most often focused on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism and anxiety. Applied games were found most effective for improving social skills, verbal memory and anxiety, whereas casual games were found most effective for improving depression, anxiety and ADHD. Studies involving healthy youth (n = 70) were grouped into papers examining anxiety in medical settings, momentary effects on positive and negative affect, and papers employing a longitudinal design measuring mental health trait outcomes. Promising results were found for the use of games as distraction tools in medical settings, and for applied and casual games for improving momentary affect. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of digital games for improving mental health. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed, such as developing evaluation guidelines, clearly defining applied games, harmonising outcome measures, including positive outcomes, and examining nonspecific factors that may influence symptom improvement as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniek Wols
- Radboud University, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Michelle Pingel
- Radboud University, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Lichtwarck-Aschoff
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Department of Pedagogical & Educational Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Isabela Granic
- McMaster University, Health, Aging & Society, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Geller DA, Grossman M. A Family Genetic Study of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Youth. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:639-647. [PMID: 38153006 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231217091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use a family genetic study to evaluate familial risk of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and common comorbid illnesses in first-degree relatives of pediatric-onset probands with primary OCD. METHOD One hundred and thirty youth with OCD and their 133 siblings and 241 parents and 49 pediatric controls were directly evaluated along multiple domains including psychopathology using structured diagnostic interviews and clinical corroboration. RESULTS Rates of anxiety, mood, disruptive behavior, and tic disorders were markedly elevated in the probands while rates in siblings were elevated at rates between the probands and controls. Twenty six percent of first-degree relatives had clinical OCD, 9% had chronic tics or Tourette's disorder, and 21% met criteria for ADHD. CONCLUSION Rates of familial transmission of OCD and common comorbid illnesses were significantly higher in our pediatric-onset probands than rates reported in the literature in relatives of those with adult-onset OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Geller
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ou XX, Wang X, Zhan XL, Shen SL, Karatela S, Jing J, Cai L, Liu RQ, Lin LZ, Dong GH. The associations of secondhand smoke exposure with neurodevelopmental disorders and critical time window identification: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ 2024; 913:169649. [PMID: 38159763 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure was harmful for brain development. However, the association between SHS exposure and NDDs diagnosis were unclear. OBJECTIVES To evaluate associations between SHS exposure and NDDs diagnosis, identify critical time windows, and summarize the strength of evidence. METHODS To investigate the associations of SHS exposure and the development of NDDs, we searched Ovid, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PubMed for all the relevant studies up to 31 March 2023. The risk estimates and standardized mean differences (SMD) for the individuals with any NDDs who were exposed to SHS exposure compared with those unexposed or low-exposed. RESULTS The results showed that a total of 31,098 citations were identified, of which 54 studies were included. We identified significant associations between SHS exposure and the risks of NDDs including specific types of NDDs like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities (LD) despite the observed heterogeneity for NDDs and ADHD. We also observed a significant association between cotinine exposure and ADHD. However, inconsistent ratings between the two quality-of-evidence methods for all the meta-analyses indicated the current evidence of the associations and the potential exposure window remained inconclusive. DISCUSSION Our findings suggested that SHS exposure was associated with a higher risk of developing ADHD and LD, with inconclusive quality-of-evidence. In addition, period-specific associations remained unclear based on current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xuan Ou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Li Shen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shamshad Karatela
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China.
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Curzon MM, Dick AS, Coccia C, Graziano PA. Exploring Differences in Physical Health in Young Children With and Without ADHD. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:120-130. [PMID: 38078865 PMCID: PMC10874215 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess differences in child physical health outcomes and metrices associated with obesity in a sample of predominantly Hispanic/Latinx young children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Participants included 127 children diagnosed with ADHD and 96 typically developing (TD) children between 4 and 7 years of age. Objective measures of children's body composition, fitness, and physical activity were conducted. Parents of children completed food recalls to assess their child's dietary intake, diet quality was calculated based on the Healthy Eating Index-2015, and parents completed a survey about their family's health habits. RESULTS Logistic regression revealed that those with ADHD were more likely to be classified as having an overweight or obese (Ov/O) body mass index (BMI). Linear regression analyses indicated that children with ADHD performed worse on a fitness test and consumed more calories relative to TD children. Moderation analyses indicated that sex differences in steps were prominent in our TD sample, but not among those with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Young children with ADHD are at greater risk for having an Ov/O BMI, being less fit, and eating a greater intake of calories compared to TD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Curzon
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA
| | - Anthony S Dick
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA
| | - Catherine Coccia
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA
| | - Paulo A Graziano
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA
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Madhyastha S, Rao MS, Renno WM. Serotonergic and Adrenergic Neuroreceptor Manipulation Ameliorates Core Symptoms of ADHD through Modulating Dopaminergic Receptors in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2300. [PMID: 38396978 PMCID: PMC10888658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are due to the hypofunction of the brain's adrenergic (NE) and dopamine (DA) systems. Drugs that enhance DA and NE neurotransmission in the brain by blocking their transporters or receptors are the current therapeutic strategies. Of late, the emerging results point out the serotonergic (5-HT) system, which indirectly modulates the DA activity in reducing the core symptoms of ADHD. On this basis, second-generation antipsychotics, which utilize 5-HT receptors, were prescribed to children with ADHD. However, it is not clear how serotonergic receptors modulate the DA activity to minimize the symptoms of ADHD. The present study investigates the efficacy of serotonergic and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor manipulation in tackling the core symptoms of ADHD and how it affects the DA neuroreceptors in the brain regions involved in ADHD. Fifteen-day-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) received 5-HT1A agonist (ipsapirone) or 5-HT2A antagonist (MDL 100907) (i.p.) or alpha-2 agonist (GFC) from postnatal days 15 to 42 along with age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) (n = 8 in each group). ADHD-like behaviors were assessed using a battery of behavioral tests during postnatal days 44 to 65. After the behavioral tests, rat brains were processed to estimate the density of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, DA-D1, and DA-D2 neuroreceptors in the prefrontal cortex, the striatum, and the substantia nigra. All three neuroreceptor manipulations were able to minimize the core symptoms of ADHD in SHRs. The positive effect was mainly associated with the upregulation of 5-HT2A receptors in all three areas investigated, while 5-HT1A was in the prefrontal cortex and the substantia nigra. Further, the DA-D1 receptor expression was downregulated by all three neuroreceptor manipulations except for alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists in the striatum and 5-HT2A antagonists in the substantia nigra. The DA-D2 expression was upregulated in the striatum while downregulated in the prefrontal cortex and the substantia nigra. In this animal model study, the 5-HT1A agonist or 5-HT2A antagonist monotherapies were able to curtail the ADHD symptoms by differential expression of DA receptors in different regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Madhyastha
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait; (M.S.R.); (W.M.R.)
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Oguchi M, Furukawa E, Nagahama N, Perera KD, Tripp G. Relationships between experimental task and questionnaire measures of reward/punishment sensitivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078026. [PMID: 38355179 PMCID: PMC10868308 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the purported underlying causal mechanisms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is altered motivational processes. Questionnaires have been used to identify the characteristics of reward and punishment sensitivity in individuals with ADHD. However, these questionnaires were initially developed to measure individual traits related to anxiety (inhibitory) and impulsivity (approach) tendencies or differences in pleasure-seeking. These reward and punishment sensitivity questionnaires are useful but might not capture all relevant aspects of altered motivational processes in ADHD. The proposed scoping review aims to: (1) examine which aspects of hypothesised altered reward and punishment sensitivity correspond to constructs measured by existing questionnaires, (2) characterise the relationships between ADHD symptomatology and reward and punishment sensitivity as measured by existing questionnaires and (3) evaluate the consistency between the altered reward and punishment sensitivity as measured by existing questionnaires and experimental task performance. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Reporting of the scoping review results will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews and the Joanna Briggs Methodology for Scoping Reviews. Published English-language literature was searched in three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO) on 16 November 2023, with no restriction on the year of publication. Two researchers independently screened all identified titles/abstracts before proceeding to full-text review and additional handsearching of relevant studies. A narrative review and conclusions will be presented together with tables summarising the articles reviewed and the results organised by the three aims. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study reviews existing publications with ethical approval in place. Therefore, ethical approval is not required. Review results will be disseminated through academic conferences and peer-reviewed manuscripts. Scoping review results will also inform future research to measure and identify altered motivational processes in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Oguchi
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
- Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Furukawa
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Naano Nagahama
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kokila Dilhani Perera
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Gail Tripp
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Sun H, Ma Y, Yang J, Chen K, Yu X, Qin T, Zhao T, Zhang J, Chu C, Wang J. Personalized functional network mapping for autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:92. [PMID: 38346949 PMCID: PMC10861462 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two typical neurodevelopmental disorders that have a long-term impact on physical and mental health. ASD is usually comorbid with ADHD and thus shares highly overlapping clinical symptoms. Delineating the shared and distinct neurophysiological profiles is important to uncover the neurobiological mechanisms to guide better therapy. In this study, we aimed to establish the behaviors, functional connectome, and network properties differences between ASD, ADHD-Combined, and ADHD-Inattentive using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used the non-negative matrix fraction method to define personalized large-scale functional networks for each participant. The individual large-scale functional network connectivity (FNC) and graph-theory-based complex network analyses were executed and identified shared and disorder-specific differences in FNCs and network attributes. In addition, edge-wise functional connectivity analysis revealed abnormal edge co-fluctuation amplitude and number of transitions among different groups. Taken together, our study revealed disorder-specific and -shared regional and edge-wise functional connectivity and network differences for ASD and ADHD using an individual-level functional network mapping approach, which provides new evidence for the brain functional abnormalities in ASD and ADHD and facilitates understanding the neurobiological basis for both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingzi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kexuan Chen
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tianwei Qin
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyue Zhang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Congying Chu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Tezcan ME, Uğur C, Can Ü, Uçak EF, Ekici F, Duymuş F, Korucu AT. Are decreased cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript and Agouti- related peptide levels associated Eating behavior in medication-free children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110907. [PMID: 38043633 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate plasma levels of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), agouti-related protein (AgRP), cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY) and their relationship with eating behaviors among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls. A total of 94 medication-free children with ADHD and 82 controls aged 8-14 years were included in this study. The Plasma levels of CART, AgRP, CCK and PYY were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was used to assess eating behaviors in children. CART and AgRP levels were found to be significantly lower in the ADHD group than in the control group, while CCK levels were found to be significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in PYY levels between the groups. Compared to controls, those with ADHD demonstrated significantly higher scores on the CEBQ subscales of food responsiveness, emotional overeating, desire to drink, enjoyment of food, and food fussiness, and significantly lower scores on the slowness of eating subscale. CART was significantly correlated with emotional overeating and enjoyment of food scores, while AgRP was significantly correlated with emotional undereating scores. Covariance analysis was performed by controlling potential confounders such as body mass index, age and sex, and the results were found to be unchanged. It was concluded that CART, AgRP, and CCK may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Esad Tezcan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey.
| | - Cüneyt Uğur
- Department of Pediatrics, Konya City Health Application and Research, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Ümmügülsüm Can
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Konya City Health Application and Research, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Furkan Uçak
- Department of Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ekici
- Department of Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Duymuş
- Department of Medical Genetics, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Agah Tuğrul Korucu
- Faculty of Computer and Instructional Technologies, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram-Konya, 42005, Turkey
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Smythe T, Scherer N, Nanyunja C, Tann CJ, Olusanya BO. Strategies for addressing the needs of children with or at risk of developmental disabilities in early childhood by 2030: a systematic umbrella review. BMC Med 2024; 22:51. [PMID: 38302917 PMCID: PMC10835858 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are over 53million children worldwide under five with developmental disabilities who require effective interventions to support their health and well-being. However, challenges in delivering interventions persist due to various barriers, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. METHODS We conducted a global systematic umbrella review to assess the evidence on prevention, early detection and rehabilitation interventions for child functioning outcomes related to developmental disabilities in children under 5 years. We focused on prevalent disabilities worldwide and identified evidence-based interventions. We searched Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Library for relevant literature from 1st January 2013 to 14th April 2023. A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarise the findings of the included meta-analyses. The results were presented descriptively, including study characteristics, interventions assessed, and outcomes reported. Further, as part of a secondary analysis, we presented the global prevalence of each disability in 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease study, identified the regions with the highest burden and the top ten affected countries. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42023420099. RESULTS We included 18 reviews from 883 citations, which included 1,273,444 children under five with or at risk of developmental disabilities from 251 studies across 30 countries. The conditions with adequate data were cerebral palsy, hearing loss, cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. ASD was the most prevalent target disability (n = 8 reviews, 44%). Most reviews (n = 12, 67%) evaluated early interventions to support behavioural functioning and motor impairment. Only 33% (n = 10/30) of studies in the reviews were from middle-income countries, with no studies from low-income countries. Regarding quality, half of reviews were scored as high confidence (n = 9/18, 50%), seven as moderate (39%) and two (11%) as low. CONCLUSIONS We identified geographical and disability-related inequities. There is a lack of evidence from outside high-income settings. The study underscores gaps in evidence concerning prevention, identification and intervention, revealing a stark mismatch between the available evidence base and the regions experiencing the highest prevalence rates of developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Smythe
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Nathaniel Scherer
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Carol Nanyunja
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Infectious Disease On Epidemiology & International Health, School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cally J Tann
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Infectious Disease On Epidemiology & International Health, School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Neonatal Medicine, University College London NHS Trust, London, UK
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Zhou M, Qiu W, Ohashi N, Sun L, Wronski ML, Kouyama-Suzuki E, Shirai Y, Yanagawa T, Mori T, Tabuchi K. Deep-Learning-Based Analysis Reveals a Social Behavior Deficit in Mice Exposed Prenatally to Nicotine. Cells 2024; 13:275. [PMID: 38334667 PMCID: PMC10855062 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is known to be associated with the incidence of attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD). Recent developments in deep learning algorithms enable us to assess the behavioral phenotypes of animal models without cognitive bias during manual analysis. In this study, we established prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) mice and evaluated their behavioral phenotypes using DeepLabCut and SimBA. We optimized the training parameters of DeepLabCut for pose estimation and succeeded in labeling a single-mouse or two-mouse model with high fidelity during free-moving behavior. We applied the trained network to analyze the behavior of the mice and found that PNE mice exhibited impulsivity and a lessened working memory, which are characteristics of ADHD. PNE mice also showed elevated anxiety and deficits in social interaction, reminiscent of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We further examined PNE mice by evaluating adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which is a pathological hallmark of ASD, and demonstrated that newborn neurons were decreased, specifically in the ventral part of the hippocampus, which is reported to be related to emotional and social behaviors. These results support the hypothesis that PNE is a risk factor for comorbidity with ADHD and ASD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Q.); (N.O.); (L.S.); (M.-L.W.); (E.K.-S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Q.); (N.O.); (L.S.); (M.-L.W.); (E.K.-S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Nobuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Q.); (N.O.); (L.S.); (M.-L.W.); (E.K.-S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Lihao Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Q.); (N.O.); (L.S.); (M.-L.W.); (E.K.-S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Marie-Louis Wronski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Q.); (N.O.); (L.S.); (M.-L.W.); (E.K.-S.); (Y.S.)
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emi Kouyama-Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Q.); (N.O.); (L.S.); (M.-L.W.); (E.K.-S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yoshinori Shirai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Q.); (N.O.); (L.S.); (M.-L.W.); (E.K.-S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Toru Yanagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan;
| | - Takuma Mori
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Q.); (N.O.); (L.S.); (M.-L.W.); (E.K.-S.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Neuroinnovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tabuchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (M.Z.); (W.Q.); (N.O.); (L.S.); (M.-L.W.); (E.K.-S.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Neuroinnovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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Qian Q, Cai S, Zhang X, Huang J, Chen Y, Wang A, Zhang M. Seeing is believing: Larger Colavita effect in school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 238:105798. [PMID: 37844345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that leads to visually relevant compensatory activities and cognitive strategies in children. Previous studies have identified difficulties with audiovisual integration in children with ADHD, but the characteristics of the visual dominance effect when processing multisensory stimuli are not clear in children with ADHD. The current study used the Colavita paradigm to explore the visual dominance effect in school-aged children with ADHD. The results found that, compared with typically developing children, children with ADHD had a higher proportion of "visual-auditory" trials and a lower proportion of "simultaneous" trials. The study also found that the proportion of visual-auditory trials in children with ADHD decreased as their Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV rating scale (SNAP-IV) inattention scores increased. The results showed that school-aged children with ADHD had a larger Colavita effect, which decreased with the severity of inattentive symptoms. This may be due to an overreliance on visual information and an abnormal integration time window. The connection between multisensory cognitive processing performance and clinical symptoms found in the current study provides empirical and theoretical support for the knowledge base of multisensory and cognitive abilities in disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyue Qian
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shizhong Cai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, China.
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Psychology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215011, China; Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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48
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Chang J, Lee YJ, Lex H, Kerns C, Lugar K, Wright M. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among children of immigrants: immigrant generation and family poverty. Ethn Health 2024; 29:254-266. [PMID: 38105627 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2023.2293657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common disorders diagnosed among children in the US. However, little knowledge is available about ADHD prevalence among children of immigrants, the fastest-growing population in the US. This study seeks to examine ADHD rates among children of immigrants in different generations compared to children of US-born parents and their association with family poverty. DESIGN The sample includes 83,362 children aged 0-17 from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2010-2018 data. Multivariate logistic regression model is used to estimate prevalence of ADHD among children of immigrants compared to children of US-born parents. We then compare ADHD rates among the children sample in different immigrant generations. For all analyses, we examine ADHD occurrence separately for children in families living below the poverty threshold and those at or above the poverty threshold. RESULTS The odds of having ADHD were significantly lower among children of immigrants compared to children of US-born parents. Both first-generation children and second-generation children of immigrants had significantly lower odds of having ADHD than children of US-born parents. Post hoc tests find that first-generation children had lower odds of having ADHD compared to second-generation children. Likewise, additional analyses showed that children of immigrants, first-generation children in particular, were less likely to have ADHD compared to children of US-born parents, in both lower- and higher-income families. CONCLUSION Using a nationally representative sample of children, we find that the likelihood of having ADHD increases with higher generations, detecting differences in ADHD prevalence by immigration generation. Importantly, first-generation children had a significantly lower risk of having ADHD conditions compared to second-generation children and children of US-born parents, regardless of family socio-economic status. Public health policy and program development would gain from a clear comprehension of the shielding attributes of ADHD among immigrant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Chang
- Master of Social Work Program, Lesley University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yeonjung J Lee
- Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Hannah Lex
- Transition Support Department, Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Katie Lugar
- Multicultural Services and Programs, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| | - Maya Wright
- Master of Social Work Program, Lesley University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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49
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Skandsen A, Hysing M, Askeland KG, Teicher MH, Sand L, Bøe T. Using Norwegian National Patient Registry data to understand associations between potentially traumatic life experiences and mental health care use in adolescence. J Trauma Stress 2024; 37:92-102. [PMID: 37985958 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) is common among children and adolescents and associated with an increased risk of psychiatric diagnoses. This study aimed to ascertain how the number of PTEs differed across adolescent psychiatric diagnoses. Data on PTE exposure were derived from the youth@hordaland survey, and Axis 1 data were from the linked Norwegian National Patient Registry (NPR). Among 10,257 total adolescents, 9,555 (age range: 16-19 years, 53.9% female) consented to register linkage, 8,845 of whom were included in the analyses. Having contact with Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) predicted more PTEs (estimated marginal mean [EMM] = 1.04, SE = 0.05) and exposure to two or more PTEs compared to having no CAMHS contact (EMM = 0.60) after adjusting for age, ethnicity, sex, and parental education. Adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, trauma-related disorders, conduct disorder, and anxiety experienced significantly more PTEs (EMMs = 0.90-1.63) than those with no CAMHS contact (EMM = 0.57, SE = 0.01). All diagnostic categories except psychosis, autism spectrum disorders, and eating disorders had a significantly higher rate of PTEs compared with adolescents with no CAMHS contact. The study highlights the potential role of exposure to multiple PTEs as a transdiagnostic risk factor, although the level of risk varies between diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Skandsen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Gärtner Askeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin H Teicher
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liv Sand
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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50
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Li D, Hou D, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Cui X, Niu Y, Xiang J, Wang B. Aberrant Functional Connectivity in Core-Periphery Structure Based on WSBM in ADHD. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:415-430. [PMID: 38102929 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231214985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain network studies have revealed that the community structure of ADHD is altered. However, these studies have only focused on modular community structure, ignoring the core-periphery community structure. METHOD This paper employed the weighted stochastic block model to divide the functional connectivity (FC) into 10 communities. And we adopted core score to define the core-periphery structure of FC. Finally, connectivity strength (CS) and disruption index (DI) were used to evaluate the changes of core-periphery structure in ADHD. RESULTS The core community of visual network showed reduced CS and a positive value of DI, while the CS of periphery community was enhanced. In addition, the interaction between core communities (involving the sensorimotor and visual network) and periphery community of attention network showed increased CS and a negative valve of DI. CONCLUSION Anomalies in core-periphery community structure provide a new perspective for understanding the community structure of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Dianni Hou
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Yao Zhao
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Yan Niu
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
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