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Fu Z, Wu F, Chen L, Xu B, Feng C, Bai Y, Liao H, Sun S, Giesy JP, Guo W. Copper and zinc, but not other priority toxic metals, pose risks to native aquatic species in a large urban lake in Eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:1069-1076. [PMID: 27622839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, global production of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) rank in the top three compared to other metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, As and Hg. However, due to the potential for exposure and toxicity to humans, more attention of environmental pollution was paid to other metals such as Cd and Hg. Aquatic organisms are sensitive to Cu and Zn. Even though internal concentrations of these required elements are homeostatically controlled, toxic effects can occur at the fish gill surface. In this work, concentrations in surface waters and toxic effects of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, As, Hg were determined and risk of various metals in Tai Lake, China were evaluated using both risk quotients and joint probability distributions. Two transition metals, Cu and Zn posed the greatest risks to aquatic organisms while measured concentrations of other metals were less than thresholds for adverse effects. Approximately 99.9% and 50.7% of the aquatic organisms were predicted to be affected by Cu and Zn in surface water of Tai Lake respectively. Our results highlight ecological risks of Cu and Zn in water of a typical, large, urban lake in Eastern China, which was ignored in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Lulu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bingbing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haiqing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Siyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Department of Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Wenjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100012, China
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Fitzgerald JA, Jameson HM, Fowler VHD, Bond GL, Bickley LK, Webster TMU, Bury NR, Wilson RJ, Santos EM. Hypoxia Suppressed Copper Toxicity during Early Development in Zebrafish Embryos in a Process Mediated by the Activation of the HIF Signaling Pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4502-4512. [PMID: 27019216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a global and increasingly important stressor in aquatic ecosystems, with major impacts on biodiversity worldwide. Hypoxic waters are often contaminated with a wide range of chemicals but little is known about the interactions between these stressors. We investigated the effects of hypoxia on the responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to copper, a widespread aquatic contaminant. We showed that during continuous exposures copper toxicity was reduced by over 2-fold under hypoxia compared to normoxia. When exposures were conducted during 24 h windows, hypoxia reduced copper toxicity during early development and increased its toxicity in hatched larvae. To investigate the role of the hypoxia signaling pathway on the suppression of copper toxicity during early development, we stabilized the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway under normoxia using a prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitor, dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and demonstrated that HIF activation results in a strong reduction in copper toxicity. We also established that the reduction in copper toxicity during early development was independent of copper uptake, while after hatching, copper uptake was increased under hypoxia, corresponding to an increase in copper toxicity. These findings change our understanding of the current and future impacts of worldwide oxygen depletion on fish communities challenged by anthropogenic toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Fitzgerald
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science , Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M Jameson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria H Dewar Fowler
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia L Bond
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa K Bickley
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Tamsyn M Uren Webster
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Nic R Bury
- King's College London , 83 Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Wilson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Eduarda M Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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53
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Donnachie RL, Johnson AC, Sumpter JP. A rational approach to selecting and ranking some pharmaceuticals of concern for the aquatic environment and their relative importance compared with other chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1021-7. [PMID: 26184376 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms can be exposed to thousands of chemicals discharged by the human population. Many of these chemicals are considered disruptive to aquatic wildlife, and the literature on the impacts of these chemicals grows daily. However, because time and resources are not infinite, research must focus on the chemicals that represent the greatest threat. One group of chemicals of increasing concern is pharmaceuticals, for which the primary challenge is to identify which represent the greatest threat. In the present study, a list of 12 pharmaceuticals was compiled based on scoring the prevalence of different compounds from previous prioritization reviews. These included rankings based on prescription data, environmental concentrations, predicted environmental concentration/predicted no-effect concentration (PEC/PNEC) ratios, persistency/bioaccumulation/(eco)toxicity (PBT), and fish plasma model approaches. The most frequently cited were diclofenac, paracetamol, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, naproxen, atenolol, ethinyl estradiol, aspirin, fluoxetine, propranolol, metoprolol, and sulfamethoxazole. For each pharmaceutical, literature on effect concentrations was compiled and compared with river concentrations in the United Kingdom. The pharmaceuticals were ranked by degree of difference between the median effect and median river concentrations. Ethinyl estradiol was ranked as the highest concern, followed by fluoxetine, propranolol, and paracetamol. The relative risk of these pharmaceuticals was compared with those of metals and some persistent organic pollutants. Pharmaceuticals appear to be less of a threat to aquatic organisms than some metals (Cu, Al, Zn) and triclosan, using this ranking approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Donnachie
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Johnson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - John P Sumpter
- Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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54
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Zubrod JP, Englert D, Rosenfeldt RR, Wolfram J, Lüderwald S, Wallace D, Schnetzer N, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. The relative importance of diet-related and waterborne effects of copper for a leaf-shredding invertebrate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 205:16-22. [PMID: 26000755 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) exposure can increase leaf-associated fungal biomass, an important food component for leaf-shredding macroinvertebrates. To test if this positive nutritional effect supports the physiological fitness of these animals and to assess its importance compared to waterborne toxicity, we performed a 24-day-bioassay in combination with a 2×2 factorial design using the amphipod shredder Gammarus fossarum and a field-relevant Cu concentration of 25 μg/L (n = 65). Waterborne toxicity was negligible, while gammarids fed leaves exposed to Cu during microbial colonization exhibited a near-significant impairment in growth (∼30%) and a significantly reduced lipid content (∼20%). These effects appear to be governed by dietary uptake of Cu, which accumulated in leaves as well as gammarids and likely overrode the positive nutritional effect of the increased fungal biomass. Our results suggest that for adsorptive freshwater contaminants dietary uptake should be evaluated already during the registration process to safeguard the integrity of detritus-based ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Zubrod
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany.
| | - D Englert
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany
| | - R R Rosenfeldt
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany
| | - J Wolfram
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany
| | - S Lüderwald
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany
| | - D Wallace
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany
| | - N Schnetzer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany
| | - R Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany
| | - M Bundschuh
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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