51
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Rao Pasupuleti R, Ku YJ, Tsai TY, Hua HT, Lin YC, Shiea J, Huang PC, Andaluri G, Ponnusamy VK. Novel fast pesticides extraction (FaPEx) strategy coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for rapid monitoring of emerging pollutant fipronil and its metabolite in food and environmental samples. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114823. [PMID: 36402184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrated a new, environmental-friendly and effective sample preparation strategy named 'in-syringe-assisted fast pesticides extraction (FaPEx)' technique coupled with LC-MS/MS for the rapid identification and monitoring of emerging pollutant fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulfone in chicken egg and environmental soil samples. FaPEx strategy comprising of two simple steps. Firstly, the sample was placed in the syringe and extracted using low-volume acetonitrile with NaCl and anhydrous MgSO4 salts. Secondly, the extractant was passed through in-syringe-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) kit containing cleanup sorbents and salt combinations (C18, primary secondary amine, and anhydrous MgSO4) for the cleanup process. Then, the obtained clean extractant was injected into LC-MS/MS for the quantification of target analytes. Various important parameters influencing the FaPEx performances, such as solvent type, salt type, salt amount, sorbent type, and amount, were examined and optimized. The method validation results showed excellent linearity with high correlation coefficients were ≥ 0.99. The estimated LODs were between 0.05-0.07 μg/kg, and LOQs ranged between 0.1-0.25 μg/kg for target analytes in both egg and soil sample matrices, and precision values were ≤7.90%. The developed method was applied to commercial chicken egg samples and environmental soil samples analysis. Spiked recoveries ranged between 88.75-110.91% for egg samples with RSDs ≤7.42% and 82.47-107.46% for soil samples with RSDs <7.37%. These results proved that the developed sample preparation method is a simple, fast, green, low-cost, and efficient method for the analysis of fipronil and its metabolites in food and environmental samples. Thus, this method can be applied as an alternative analytical methodology in routine and standard food and environmental testing laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jia Ku
- Research and Development Division, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No.392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City, 813 Taiwan
| | - Tseng-Yu Tsai
- Research and Development Division, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No.392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City, 813 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ta Hua
- Research and Development Division, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No.392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City, 813 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Lin
- Research and Development Division, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No.392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City, 813 Taiwan
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Gangadhar Andaluri
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
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52
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Hladik ML, Kraus JM, Smith CD, Vandever M, Kolpin DW, Givens CE, Smalling KL. Wild Bee Exposure to Pesticides in Conservation Grasslands Increases along an Agricultural Gradient: A Tale of Two Sample Types. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:321-330. [PMID: 36573799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conservation efforts have been implemented in agroecosystems to enhance pollinator diversity by creating grassland habitat, but little is known about the exposure of bees to pesticides while foraging in these grassland fields. Pesticide exposure was assessed in 24 conservation grassland fields along an agricultural gradient at two time points (July and August) using silicone band passive samplers (nonlethal) and bee tissues (lethal). Overall, 46 pesticides were detected including 9 herbicides, 19 insecticides, 17 fungicides, and a plant growth regulator. For the bands, there were more frequent/higher concentrations of herbicides in July (maximum: 1600 ng/band in July; 570 ng/band in August), while insecticides and fungicides had more frequent/higher concentrations in August (maximum: 110 and 65 ng/band in July; 1500 and 1700 ng/band in August). Pesticide concentrations in bands increased 16% with every 10% increase in cultivated crops. The bee tissues showed no difference in detection frequency, and concentrations were similar among months; maximum concentrations of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides in July and August were 17, 27, and 180 and 19, 120, and 170 ng/g, respectively. Pesticide residues in bands and bee tissues did not always show the same patterns; of the 20 compounds observed in both media, six (primarily fungicides) showed a detection-concentration relationship between the two media. Together, the band and bee residue data can provide a more complete understanding of pesticide exposure and accumulation in conserved grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, California 95819, United States
| | - Johanna M Kraus
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Cassandra D Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, Bend, Oregon 97701, United States
| | - Mark Vandever
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, United States
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Carrie E Givens
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Lansing, Michigan 48911, United States
| | - Kelly L Smalling
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
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53
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Biodegradation of the Pesticides Bifenthrin and Fipronil by Bacillus Isolated from Orange Leaves. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3295-3310. [PMID: 36585549 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The pyrethroid bifenthrin and the phenylpyrazole fipronil are widely employed insecticides, and their extensive use became an environmental issue. Therefore, this study evaluated their biodegradation employing bacterial strains of Bacillus species isolated from leaves of orange trees, aiming at new biocatalysts with high efficiency for use singly and in consortium. Experiments were performed in liquid culture medium at controlled temperature and stirring (32 °C, 130 rpm). After 5 days, residual quantification by HPLC-UV/Vis showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RFD1C presented 93% biodegradation of fipronil (10.0 mg.L-1 initial concentration) and UPLC-HRMS analyses identified the metabolite fipronil sulfone. Moreover, Bacillus pseudomycoides 3RF2C showed a biodegradation of 88% bifenthrin (30.0 mg.L-1 initial concentration). A consortium composed of the 8 isolated strains biodegraded 81% fipronil and 51% bifenthrin, showing that this approach did not promote better results than the most efficient strains employed singly, although high rates of biodegradation were observed. In conclusion, bacteria of the Bacillus genus isolated from leaves of citrus biodegraded these pesticides widely applied to crops, showing the importance of the plant microbiome for degradation of toxic xenobiotics.
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54
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Guima SES, Piubeli F, Bonfá MRL, Pereira RM. New Insights into the Effect of Fipronil on the Soil Bacterial Community. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010052. [PMID: 36677344 PMCID: PMC9862053 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide with remarkable efficacy that is widely used to control insect pests around the world. However, its extensive use has led to increasing soil and water contamination. This fact is of concern and makes it necessary to evaluate the risk of undesirable effects on non-target microorganisms, such as the microbial community in water and/or soil. Studies using the metagenomic approach to assess the effects of fipronil on soil microbial communities are scarce. In this context, the present study was conducted to identify microorganisms that can biodegrade fipronil and that could be of great environmental interest. For this purpose, the targeted metabarcoding approach was performed in soil microcosms under two environmental conditions: fipronil exposure and control (without fipronil). After a 35-day soil microcosm period, the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of all samples was sequenced using the ion torrent personal genome machine (PGM) platform. Our study showed the presence of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes in all of the samples; however, the presence of fipronil in the soil samples resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of bacteria from these phyla. The statistical results indicate that some bacterial genera benefited from soil exposure to fipronil, as in the case of bacteria from the genus Thalassobacillus, while others were affected, as in the case of bacteria from the genus Streptomyces. Overall, the results of this study provide a potential contribution of fipronil-degrading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Eiko Sato Guima
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05508000, Brazil
| | - Francine Piubeli
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maricy Raquel Lindenbah Bonfá
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Matheus Pereira
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804970, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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55
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Birolli WG, da Silva BF, Rodrigues Filho E. Biodegradation of the pyrethroid cypermethrin by bacterial consortia collected from orange crops. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114388. [PMID: 36152890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids, such as cypermethrin (CYP), are widely employed in agriculture, promoting environmental pollution and the need for efficient decontamination methods. In this study, bacteria from orange crops were explored for CYP biodegradation. Among 40 tested bacterial strains, 20 grew in the presence of CYP and 19 performed statistically significant CYP biodegradation in 5 days (20.5%-97.8%). In addition, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, the main metabolite from CYP, was quantified ranging from 1.1 mg.L-1 to 32.1 mg.L-1. The five most efficient strains, and consortia composed of 5, 10 and 20 bacteria biodegraded the CYP formulation as sole carbon source in phosphate buffer and in minimum mineral medium. Under optimized conditions determined employing Response Surface Methodology, Bacillus sp. CSA-1 and the consortium composed of 10 strains biodegraded 71.0% and 71.6% CYP in 24 h, respectively. Moreover, metabolite identification enabled the proposal of an extended biodegradation pathway with 29 identified compounds, including different new amide and amine derivatives that expanded the knowledge about the fate of this compound in the environment. Experiments of bioaugmentation in soil using Bacillus sp. CSA-1 and the consortium of 10 bacterial strains resulted in faster CYP biodegradation than natural attenuation, showing that the selection of efficient strains for composing a consortium is an interesting approach for bioremediation of pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Garcia Birolli
- Laboratory of Micromolecular Biochemistry of Microorganisms (LaBioMMi), Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Washington Luiz, km 235, 13.565-905, P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Ferreira da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, P.O. Box 355, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Rodrigues Filho
- Laboratory of Micromolecular Biochemistry of Microorganisms (LaBioMMi), Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Washington Luiz, km 235, 13.565-905, P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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56
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Kavallieratos NG, Boukouvala MC, Skourti A, Nika EP, Papadoulis GT. Trunk Injection with Insecticides Manages Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:1106. [PMID: 36555016 PMCID: PMC9784661 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious wood-boring insect of mulberry trees (Morus spp.). Larvae of this species enter the trunk of the tree and feed on woody tissues. Xylotrechus chinensis is endemic in several Asian countries, while, in the last decade, it invaded Europe. In the present work, we evaluated trunk injection against this pest. The systemic insecticides fipronil, imidacloprid, and spirotetramat were used in the trials. Abamectin was used as a positive control since it has been found to be effective for the management of X. chinensis. Imidacloprid and fipronil proved to be highly effective against this species in both years (9.5 and 12.1 exit holes/tree in 2021, 5.0 and 8.8 exit holes/tree in 2022, respectively), while spirotetramat was the least effective. The lowest mean number of exit holes was recorded when abamectin was applied in both years (4.7 exit holes/tree in 2021 and 3.3 exit holes/tree in 2022). The percentage of exit holes was reduced by 76.1, 71.8, and 85.6% in trees treated with imidacloprid, fipronil, and abamectin, respectively, after two years of application, while spirotetramat caused a 37.4% reduction. Trunk injection with imidacloprid, fipronil, and abamectin could be used against X. chinensis for long-term control of mulberry trees.
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57
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Hayat M, Manzoor S, Raza N, Abbas A, Khan MI, Elboughdiri N, Naseem K, Shanableh A, Elbadry AMM, Al Arni S, Benaissa M, Ibrahim FA. Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Sorbent for Targeted Dispersive Solid-Phase Microextraction of Fipronil from Milk Samples. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41437-41448. [PMID: 36406537 PMCID: PMC9670290 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil, a phenyl pyrazole insecticide, is extensively used in agriculture to control insect infestation. It has the potential to assimilate into the food chain, leading to serious health concerns. We report molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based dispersive solid-phase microextraction for the targeted determination of fipronil in milk samples. Designing such a sorbent is of paramount importance for measuring the accurate amount of fipronil for monitoring its permissible limit. Response surface methodology based on a central composite design following a face-centered approach was used to optimize experimental conditions. The maximum binding capacity of 47 mg g-1 was achieved at optimal parameters of time (18 min), temperature (42 °C), pH (7), and analyte concentration (120 mg L-1). Under these conditions, a high percentage recovery of 94.6 ± 1.90% (n = 9) and a low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) (5.64 × 10-6 and 1.71 × 10-5 μg mL-1, respectively) were obtained. The MIP was well characterized through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. Adsorption kinetics of the MIP followed the pseudo-first-order model (R 2 0.99 and χ2 0.96), suggesting the MIP-analyte interaction to be a physiosorptive process, while adsorption isotherms followed the Freundlich model (R 2 0.99). The real sample analysis through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) confirmed the selective determination of fipronil from milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hayat
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan60000, Pakistan
| | - Suryyia Manzoor
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan60000, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Raza
- Department
of Chemistry, Emerson University, Multan60000, Pakistan
| | - Akmal Abbas
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center of Energy and
Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Research
Institute of Sciences and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il81441, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical
Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes6029, Tunisia
| | - Khalida Naseem
- Department
of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore54700, Pakistan
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research
Institute of Sciences and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah27272, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Saleh Al Arni
- Chemical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il81441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mhamed Benaissa
- Chemical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il81441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma A. Ibrahim
- Catalysis
Research Group (CRG), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha61413, Saudi Arabia
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58
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Insights into the toxicity and biodegradation of fipronil in contaminated environment. Microbiol Res 2022; 266:127247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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59
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Brienza M, Garcia-Segura S. Electrochemical oxidation of fipronil pesticide is effective under environmental relevant concentrations. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135974. [PMID: 35988763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide overuse has posed a threat to agricultural community as well as for the environment. In order to treat this pollution at its source, decentralized and selective technologies such as electrochemical processes appear especially relevant to avoid the possible generation of toxic degradation products. Electrochemical oxidation (ECO) is a promising electrochemically-driven process, but most studies evaluate performance under pollutant concentrations that are orders of magnitude higher than environmental relevant conditions. This work explores ECO treatment of fipronil using boron-doped diamond (BDD) as anode and titanium plate as cathode at small concentrations found in agricultural run-off. The effect of applied current density and initial contaminant concentrations were also studied. For a current density of 20 mA cm-2 the decrease of COD and fipronil were about 97% and 100% after 360 min of electrolysis, respectively. Engineering figures of merit were evaluated to assess competitiveness of ECO decentralized propositions. Results suggest effective and feasible treatment of fipronil by ECO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Brienza
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy; National Science Foundation Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA.
| | - Sergi Garcia-Segura
- National Science Foundation Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA.
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60
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Ren J, Liu Z, Li S, Zhu F, Li L, Zhao Y, Chen D, Zhou Y, Wu Y. Occurrence, fate, and probabilistic risk assessment of fipronil residues in Chinese tea. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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61
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Khidkhan K, Poapolathep S, Kulprasertsri S, Sukkheewan R, Khunlert P, Giorgi M, Poapolathep A. Comparative in vitro biotransformation of fipronil in domestic poultry using liver microsome. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e82. [PMID: 36259101 PMCID: PMC9715393 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic poultry are among the non-target species of exposure to fipronil, but limited information is available on the metabolic effects of fipronil exposure in avian. We investigated the comparative capacity of in vitro biotransformation of fipronil among chicken, duck, quail, goose, and rat. Interspecies differences in kinetic parameters were observed; the clearance rate calculations (Vmax/Km) indicated that chicken and duck are more efficient in the cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of fipronil to sulfone than quail, goose and rat. The lower hepatic clearance of fipronil in quail, goose and rat, suggested that fipronil sulfone may serve as a biomarker to indicate fipronil exposure in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kraisiri Khidkhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Saranya Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sittinee Kulprasertsri
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Rattapong Sukkheewan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Paphatsara Khunlert
- Agricultural Toxic Substance Research Group, Agricultural Production Sciences Research and Development Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese (latomonte), San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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62
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Wakil W, Kavallieratos NG, Ghazanfar MU, Usman M. Laboratory and field studies on the combined application of Beauveria bassiana and fipronil against four major stored-product coleopteran insect pests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:34912-34929. [PMID: 35040065 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the current study we have tested the application of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) alone and in combination with fipronil at two doses against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) under laboratory and field conditions. At laboratory conditions, the combination of B. bassiana with the highest dose of fipronil produced the highest mortality. At different temperatures, mortality was increased with the increase in temperature. Maximum mortality was observed at 30 °C, followed by 25 °C and 20 °C for all tested species. Different treatments significantly reduced the progeny number in comparison to control groups for all tested species at all temperatures. In the persistence trial, all treatments that included the combinations of B. bassiana with fipronil produced significantly higher mortalities than the single treatments for all tested species over a period of 6 months. Furthermore, all treatments significantly reduced the number of progenies of all insect species in comparison with the control groups over the same storage period. In field trials, mortalities of all tested insect species were significantly higher on wheat treated with B. bassiana, fipronil, or their combinations than on controls for an entire storage period of 180 days. Overall, R. dominica was found the most susceptible species followed by S. granarius, T. castaneum, and T. granarium. The findings of the current study suggest that the use of B. bassiana and fipronil as grain protectants may provide elevated control against major stored-grain insect species during a prolonged period of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Wakil
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Eberswalder str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Nickolas G Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece.
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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63
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Ou Y, Yan Z, Shi G, Yu Z, Cai Y, Ma R. Enantioselective toxicity, degradation and transformation of the chiral insecticide fipronil in two algae culture. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 235:113424. [PMID: 35313125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pesticides and their metabolites in the environment can alter the ecological relationships between aquatic food chains. Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide which release in the environment may harm the non-target organisms. However, the toxicity and biotransformation of its two enantiomers are far from fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the aquatic toxicity and environmental behavior of fipronil at enantiomeric level using two freshwater algae, Scenedesmus quaclricauda (S. quaclricauda), and Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) through an integrative approach the transformation process of the individual enantiomer isolated and in racemic form. The 72 h-EC50 values of rac-, R-, S-fipronil varied from 3.27 to 7.24 mg L-1 with R-fipronil posing a more significant effect on algal growth inhibition. Chlorophyll a was more susceptible to fipronil exposure than chlorophyll b and carotenoids. Enantioselective alterations on physiological and biochemical parameters (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and the activities of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were also observed. The half-lives (T1/2) of R-fipronil and S-fipronil in algae culture were 3.4-3.5 d and 4.0-4.9 d, respectively. By the end of the 17-d exposure, the enantiomer fractions (EFs) increased to 0.59, indicating a preferential depuration of R-fipronil. The metabolites monitoring showed the fipronil sulfide was the main metabolite followed by fipronil sulfone. The results revealed that the enantiomers of fipronil pose enantiospecific behaviors induced by these two algae, with the R-enantiomer more toxic to algal growth and favorable in degradation. These analyses are beneficial for understanding the ecological effect of chiral pesticide in aquatic environment, and the enantiomeric differences of the toxicity, degradation and the formation of toxic metabolites could be helpful for the eco-environmental risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Ou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410028, China
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410028, China.
| | - Guofeng Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ziling Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yixiang Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410028, China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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Liu Z, Chen D, Lyu B, Wu Z, Li J, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Occurrence of Phenylpyrazole and Diamide Insecticides in Lactating Women and Their Health Risks for Infants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4467-4474. [PMID: 35357189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the exposure of infants to phenylpyrazole and diamide insecticides during lactation, we collected 3467 breast milk samples of lactating women from 100 cities of 24 provinces in China and prepared 100 pooled samples together city-by-city. Among phenylpyrazole insecticides, fipronil and its metabolites (63-100%) were widely detected in breast milk, with total detection concentrations ranging from 178 to 2947 ng/L (median: 921 ng/L). Among diamide insecticides, chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide were detected in breast milk, but their detection frequencies (20-85%) and concentration levels (nondetected to 89.9 ng/L) were far lower than those of total fipronils. The average estimated daily intake of infants exposed to total fipronils through breast milk is 209 ng/kg-bw/day by upper-bound scenario evaluation, which is higher than the acceptable daily intake (200 ng/kg-bw/day). This study indicates that infants have far higher exposure levels to fipronil than adults, while exposure levels to other types of phenylpyrazoles and diamide insecticides are low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Food Safety, Nanchang Inspection and Testing Center, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bing Lyu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zeming Wu
- iPhenome Biotechnology (Yun Pu Kang) Inc., Dalian 116085, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
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65
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Hennig TB, Lopes Alves PR, Schiehl A, de Araújo RS, da Costa Cabrera L, Morelato RR, Baretta D. Can the increase in atmospheric temperature enhance the toxicity and risk of fipronil for collembolans in tropical soils? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27104-27114. [PMID: 34981395 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the toxicity and risk (via toxicity exposure ratio approach - TER) of the insecticide fipronil to collembolan's growth and reproduction in three tropical soils, under increasing atmospheric temperatures. Chronic toxicity tests were performed with Folsomia candida in tropical artificial soil (TAS), oxisol, and entisol spiked with increasing concentrations of fipronil, at three room temperature scenarios: a standard (20 ± 2 °C), a tropical condition (25 ± 2 °C) and a global warming simulation (27 ± 2 °C). Temperatures influenced the fipronil effects on the species reproduction differently between soil types. In TAS and oxisol the highest toxicities (EC50-based) were found at 27 °C (EC50 TAS = 0.81, 0.70, 0.31 mg kg-1; EC50 OXISOL = 0.52, 0.54, 0.40 mg kg-1; at 20, 25, and 27 °C, respectively). In entisol, the toxicity at 27 °C was lower compared to 25 and 20 °C (EC50 ENTISOL = 0.33, 0.24, 0.12 mg kg-1, respectively). Fipronil concentrations also increased the proportion of small juveniles (growth reduction) in all tested soils. However, this effect was greater (EC10-based) at higher temperatures (25 and/or 27 °C), regardless of the soil type. TER approach revealed a significant risk of fipronil in entisol, regardless of the tested temperature, while in other soils the risk was found significant only at the higher temperatures (25 and 27 °C for TAS, and 27 °C for oxisol). These results indicate that exposures to fipronil at high temperatures (e.g., those resulting from climate change) can threaten F. candida populations, depending on the soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado, No. 108-E, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89802-112, Brazil.
| | - Aline Schiehl
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado, No. 108-E, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89802-112, Brazil
| | - Rafael Soares de Araújo
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado, No. 108-E, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89802-112, Brazil
| | - Liziara da Costa Cabrera
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, Cerro Largo, RS, 97900000, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Roberta Morelato
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, Cerro Largo, RS, 97900000, Brazil
| | - Dilmar Baretta
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Santa Catarina State University, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, Chapecó, SC, 89815-630, Brazil
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66
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Onwubiko GN, Anorue EC, Onwubiko HA, Joshua PE, Eze FI, Amah CC, Onah BE. Fipronil use and associated effects on hematological and biochemical parameters of blue land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille): Ecological implication. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:258-267. [PMID: 34843175 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is used to control pests to improve farm yield, however, indiscriminate use of fipronil has been reported to endanger crabs leading to their extinction. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of fipronil on several hematological and biochemical parameters of blue land crabs. We exposed blue land crabs to either fipronil or to a control treatment; fipronil reduced the protein content of the crab and also led to hematological and oxidative damages to the crabs' oxy-hemocyanin. Based on our results, there is need for guided use of agrochemicals such as fipronil to avoid/reduce their adverse effects on economically important species such as crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace N Onwubiko
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Eleazar C Anorue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Henry A Onwubiko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Parker E Joshua
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Fabian I Eze
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Christian C Amah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Blessing E Onah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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67
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Liu Z, Chen D, Lyu B, Li J, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Generic Enrichment of Organic Contaminants in Human Biomonitoring: Application in Monitoring Early Life Exposures to Fipronil via Breast Milk. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4227-4235. [PMID: 35229604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In human biomonitoring, a high-throughput extraction and enrichment method for multiple types of organic contaminants at the part-per-trillion level is critical yet challenging, especially in the limited sample volume. When large-scale sample analysis is involved, low cost is often what we should consider. We describe a generic and straightforward cold-induced liquid-liquid extraction (CI-LLE) strategy to meet this need. Current methods for extracting and enriching organic contaminants from biological samples often require multistep sample processing, including specially tailoring the extraction solvent or adsorbents. This method uses cold-induced phase separation to achieve the extraction and enrichment of studied organic contaminants by adjusting the proportion of acetonitrile/water mixture, so as to integrate the extraction and enrichment in one step without additional reagents and adsorbents. In this study, fipronil insecticide was used as a representative compound to determine the key parameters of CI-LLE. The optimized CI-LLE procedure allowed simultaneous extraction and enrichment of studied organic contaminants, providing excellent enrichment factors (especially for lipophilic organic contaminants). CI-LLE was further applied in monitoring early life exposures of fipronil in 109 breast milk samples. This study provided baseline data on fipronil levels in breast milk samples from China. For infants, exposure to fipronil is of concern. In summary, CI-LLE provides a feasible solution for a generic, efficient, and low-cost preparation of biological samples and promotes high-throughput batch analysis of organic contaminants for large-scale human biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.,Nanchang Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Food Safety, Nanchang Inspection and Testing Center, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bing Lyu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
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68
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Wang JX, Cheng YF, Pan XH, Luo P. Tissue-specific accumulation, transformation, and depuration of fipronil in adult crucian carp (Carassius auratus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113234. [PMID: 35085889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation and biotransformation of pesticides in fish tissues are essential to assess their toxicity and associated human exposure risk. The mechanisms on time-dependent and tissue-specific accumulation and transformation of fipronil in adult fish are limited. An experiment consisting of 25-d uptake of fipronil at two levels (10 and 50 μg/L) and 25-d depuration in adult crucian carp (Carassius auratus) was conducted. Fipronil concentration at 25-d exposure was tissue-specific with the order of liver > kidney > blood > muscle. The uptake rate constant of fipronil in the liver (low exposure group: 2.38 ± 0.27 L/kg/d; high exposure group: 1.10 ± 0.11 L/kg/d) was significantly higher than that in other tissues (p < 0.05), and the lowest in muscle (low exposure group: 0.10 ± 0.01 L/kg/d; high exposure group: 0.16 ± 0.11 L/kg/d). The bioconcentration factors of fipronil in different tissues were 1.04-12.7 L/kg wet weight and 177-4268 L/kg lipid. The tissue-blood distribution coefficients of the liver and kidney were lower than 1 based on lipid normalized concentration but higher than 1 based on wet weight concentration, suggesting fipronil was dispersed into other tissues mainly via blood in the lipid-combination pattern. Fipronil sulfone had 1.2-32 times higher concentration and longer depuration time than fipronil, implying fipronil sulfone was more retender in fish bodies. The estimated daily intake of fipronil via fish muscle consumption at 25-d exposure was 8.5-101 and 27-320 ng/kg bw/d for adults and children, respectively. Overall, the human health risk of fipronil and its metabolites with consumption of the polluted fish cannot be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Yan-Fang Cheng
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Xin-Hong Pan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Pei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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69
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Tao Y, Liu J, Xu Y, Liu H, Yang G, He Y, Xu J, Lu Z. Suspecting screening "known unknown" pesticides and transformation products in soil at pesticide manufacturing sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152074. [PMID: 34863759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and risks of pesticides and their transformation products in soil at the manufacturing sites are "known unknowns." In this study, pesticides and their transformation products were screened in soil at 6 pesticide manufacturing sites across China using liquid and gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The screening strategy can correctly identify 75% of 209 pesticides spiked at 50 ng g-1. A total of 212 pesticides were identified; 23.1% of pesticides detected were above 200 ng g-1, and the maximum concentration was 1.5 × 105 ng g-1. The risk quotients of 20% pesticides were greater than 1, and the maximum risk quotient of imidacloprid reached 6.3 × 104. The most recent site showed a larger number of pesticides with higher diversity, whereas older sites were dominated by organochlorine insecticides. The extended screen identified 163 transformation products with concentrations up to 6.6 × 104 ng g-1. Half of the transformation products had higher concentrations than their parent compounds, and metabolic ratios up to 371 were observed. The results of this study validate the prevalence of pesticides and their transformation products in soil at pesticide manufacturing sites. The results also highlight the importance of comprehensive screening at industrial sites and call for improved management and regulation of pesticide manufacturing, particularly for in-service facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Tao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Yan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Geology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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70
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Xu Z, Wan Y, Xia W, Zhou L, Wang A, Shi L, Guo Y, He Z, Xu S, Zhang R. Fipronil and its metabolites in human seminal plasma from Shijiazhuang, north China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133238. [PMID: 34896427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil (FP) is an emerging insecticide which could induce reproductive toxicity in male rats at very low dosage, but the occurrence of FP and its transformation products (FPs) in human seminal plasma and their impacts on human semen quality have not been documented. In this study, FPs including FP, fipronil desulfinyl (FP-DES), fipronil sulfone (FP-SFO), fipronil amide (FP-AM), and fipronil sulfide (FP-SFI), were measured in seminal plasma samples (n = 200), which were collected from Shijiazhuang, north China. The cumulative concentration of FPs (ΣFPs), in the seminal plasma samples ranged from 0.003 to 0.180 ng/mL (median: 0.043 ng/mL). FP-SFO was the major target analyte (median: 0.040 ng/mL), accounting for approximately 42.3-100.0% of the ΣFPs. Significantly higher exposure levels of FPs were found in the overweight or obese group (≥25 kg/m2) vs. the normal BMI group (18.5-25 kg/m2) (ΣFPs: 0.047 vs. 0.033 ng/mL), never smoking group vs. current smoking group (ΣFPs: 0.057 vs. 0.037 ng/mL), and low sexual frequency group (<1 time/week) vs. high sexual frequency group (≥3 times/week) (ΣFPs: 0.048 vs. 0.030 ng/mL). No significant association between FPs and impaired semen quality parameter was found in this study. This is the first time to report FPs' occurrence in human seminal plasma and variations in their concentrations among people with different demographic and behavioral characteristics. Further studies on adverse effects of exposure to FPs on reproductive function are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
| | - Aizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Lisha Shi
- Division of Public Health Service and Safety Assessment, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, PR China.
| | - Yinsheng Guo
- Environment and Health Department, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China.
| | - Zhenyu He
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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71
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Paolini L, Hausser N, Zhang T. Chiral resolution of the insecticide fipronil enantiomers and the simultaneous determination of its major transformation products by high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry. Chirality 2022; 34:473-483. [PMID: 35048416 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method was developed using a chiral column based on amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) for analysis of fipronil (a popular insecticidal nerve agent) and the related transformation products. The optimized method reached the goal of the simultaneous and complete separation of the multiple fiproles in a single run, including the chiral separation of fipronil enantiomers, fipronil metabolites, and photoproducts. The efficacy of such a method was demonstrated by its application in analyzing a series of fipronil samples exposed to sunlight conditions. In general terms, our study provided experimental approaches and an efficient analytical tool for monitoring the environmental fate of fipronil as well as its multitransformation products upon its applications either in agricultural or any other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Paolini
- R&D department, Chiral Technologies Europe, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Hausser
- R&D department, Chiral Technologies Europe, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Tong Zhang
- R&D department, Chiral Technologies Europe, Illkirch Cedex, France
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72
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Chen D, Li J, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Human Exposure of Fipronil Insecticide and the Associated Health Risk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:63-71. [PMID: 34971309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil, as an emerging phenylpyrazole insecticide, is ubiquitous in the environment and food due to its broad spectrum and persistent characteristics, but the research on pathways of human exposure to fipronil and the associated health risk is relatively unclear. In this regard, we summarize potential human exposures to fipronil through ingestion and inhalation, as well as results of human biomonitoring studies. This scientific information will contribute to future assessment of fipronil exposure and subsequent characterization of human health risks. Additionally, this Perspective highlights the lack of epidemiological studies and total diet studies for the general population on fipronil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
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