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Apaydın FG, Baş H, Kalender S, Kalender Y. Subacute effects of low dose lead nitrate and mercury chloride exposure on kidney of rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 41:219-224. [PMID: 26731605 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead nitrate and mercury chloride are the most common heavy metal pollutants. In the present study, the effects of lead and mercury induced nephrotoxicity were studied in Wistar rats. Lead nitrate (LN, 45 mg/kg b.w/day) and mercury chloride (MC, 0.02 mg/kg b.w/day) and their combination were administered orally for 28 days. Four groups of rats were used in the study: control, LN, MC and LN plus MC groups. Serum biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and histopathological changes in kidney tissues were investigated in all treatment groups. LN and MC caused severe histopathological changes. It was shown that LN, MC and also co-treatment with LN and MC exposure induced significant increase in serum urea, uric acid and creatinine levels. There were also statistically significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx and GST) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in all groups except control group. In this study, we showed that MC caused more harmful effects than LN in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gökçe Apaydın
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Baş
- Bozok University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
| | - Suna Kalender
- Gazi University, Faculty of Gazi Education, Department of Science, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kalender
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara 06500, Turkey
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Cobbina SJ, Xu H, Zhao T, Mao G, Zhou Z, Wu X, Liu H, Zou Y, Wu X, Yang L. A multivariate assessment of innate immune-related gene expressions due to exposure to low concentration individual and mixtures of four kinds of heavy metals on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:1032-1042. [PMID: 26549173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over the potential health effects of mixtures of low concentration heavy metals on living organisms keep growing by the day. However, the toxicity of low concentration metal mixtures on the immune system of fish species has rarely been investigated. In this study, the zebrafish model was employed to investigate the effect on innate immune and antioxidant-related gene expressions, on exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of individual and mixtures of Pb (0.01 mg/L), Hg (0.001 mg/L), As (0.01 mg/L) and Cd (0.005 mg/L). Messenger-RNA (mRNA) levels of IL1β, TNF-α, IFNγ, Mx, Lyz, C3B and CXCL-Clc which are closely associated with the innate immune system were affected after exposing zebrafish embryos to metals for 120 h post fertilization (hpf). Individual and mixtures of metals exhibited different potentials to modulate innate-immune gene transcription. IL1β genes were significantly up regulated on exposure to Pb + As (2.01-fold) and inhibited on exposure to Pb + Hg + Cd (0.13-fold). TNF-α was significantly inhibited on exposure to As (0.40-fold) and Pb + As (0.32-fold) compared to control. Metal mixtures generally up regulated IFNγ compared to individual metals. Additionally, antioxidant genes were affected, as CAT and GPx gene expressions generally increased, whiles Mn-SOD and Zn/Cu-SOD reduced. Multivariate analysis showed that exposure to individual metals greatly influenced modulation of innate immune genes; whiles metal mixtures influenced antioxidant gene expressions. This suggests that beside oxidative stress, there may be other pathways influencing gene expressions of innate immune and antioxidant-related genes. Low concentration heavy metals also affect expression of development-related (wnt8a and vegf) genes. Altogether, the results of this study clearly demonstrate that low concentration individual and mixtures of metals in aquatic systems will greatly influence the immune system. It is indicative that mechanisms associated with toxicity of metal mixtures is complex, however, further studies to elucidate them are ongoing in our research laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Jerry Cobbina
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xueshan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanmin Zou
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Zhang S, Jin Y, Zeng Z, Liu Z, Fu Z. Subchronic Exposure of Mice to Cadmium Perturbs Their Hepatic Energy Metabolism and Gut Microbiome. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2000-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songbin Zhang
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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