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Xue SS, Xue F, Ma QR, Wang SQ, Wang Y, Tan QR, Wang HN, Zhou CH, Peng ZW. Repetitive high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation reverses depressive-like behaviors and protein expression at hippocampal synapses in chronic unpredictable stress-treated rats by enhancing endocannabinoid signaling. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 184:172738. [PMID: 31229467 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The anti-depressant effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a clinically-useful treatment for depression, is associated with changes to the endocannabinoid system (ECS). However, it is currently unknown whether different frequencies of rTMS alter the ECS differently. To test this, rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) were treated with rTMS at two different frequencies (5 (high) or 1 Hz (low), 1.26 Tesla) for 7 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the final rTMS treatment, we evaluated depressive-like behaviors and the expression of several synaptic proteins and ECS-related proteins in the hippocampus. In addition, we knocked-down diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLα) and cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), two important components of the ECS, and measured depressive-like behaviors and synaptic protein expression following rTMS. Furthermore, we measured the expression levels of several components of the ECS system in hippocampal-derived astrocytes and neurons exposed to repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) with different parameters (5 or 1 Hz, 0.84 or 1.26 Tesla). Interestingly, we found that only high-frequency rTMS ameliorated depressive-like behaviors and normalized the expression of hippocampal synaptic proteins in CUS-treated rats; this effect was eliminated by knockdown of DAGLα or CB1R. Moreover, we found that rMS at 5 Hz increased the expression of DAGLα and CB1R in hippocampal astrocytes and neurons. Collectively, our results suggest that high-frequency rTMS exerts its anti-depressant effect by up-regulating DAGLα and CB1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Fen Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Quan-Rui Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, China
| | - Shi-Quan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qing-Rong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Cui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zheng-Wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Chou YH, Ton That V, Sundman M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of rTMS effects on cognitive enhancement in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 86:1-10. [PMID: 31783330 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, has emerged as a promising treatment for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, however, the effectiveness of this therapy is unclear because of the low statistical power and heterogeneity of previous trials. The purpose of the meta-analysis was to systematically characterize the effectiveness of various combinations of rTMS parameters on different cognitive domains in patients with MCI and AD. Thirteen studies comprising 293 patients with MCI or AD were included in this analysis. Random-effects analysis revealed an overall medium-to-large effect size (0.77) favoring active rTMS over sham rTMS in the improvement of cognitive functions. Subgroup analyses revealed that (1) high-frequency rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and low-frequency rTMS at the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex significantly improved memory functions; (2) high-frequency rTMS targeting the right inferior frontal gyrus significantly enhanced executive performance; and (3) the effects of 5-30 consecutive rTMS sessions could last for 4-12 weeks. Potential mechanisms of rTMS effects on cognitive functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Chou
- Department of Psychology, Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; Everlyn F McKnight Brain Institute, Arizona Center on Aging, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
| | - Viet Ton That
- Department of Psychology, Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Mark Sundman
- Department of Psychology, Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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Yang X, Guo AL, Pang YP, Cheng XJ, Xu T, Li XR, Liu J, Zhang YY, Liu Y. Astaxanthin Attenuates Environmental Tobacco Smoke-Induced Cognitive Deficits: A Critical Role of p38 MAPK. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E24. [PMID: 30609815 PMCID: PMC6356379 DOI: 10.3390/md17010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) impairs cognitive function and induces oxidative stress in the brain. Recently, astaxanthin (ATX), a marine bioactive compound, has been reported to ameliorate cognitive deficits. However, the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, ATX administration (40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg, oral gavage) and cigarette smoking were carried out once a day for 10 weeks to investigate whether the p38 MAPK is involved in cognitive function in response to ATX treatment in the cortex and hippocampus of ETS mice. Results indicated that ATX administration improved spatial learning and memory of ETS mice (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Furthermore, exposure to ATX prevented the increases in the protein levels of the p38mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK; p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB p65; p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), reversed the decreases in the mRNA and protein levels of synapsin I (SYN) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) (all p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Moreover, ATX significantly down-regulated the increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) (all p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) were suppressed after exposure to ATX (all p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Also, the results of the molecular docking study of ATX into the p38 MAPK binding site revealed that its mechanism was possibly similar to that of PH797804, a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Therefore, our results indicated that the ATX might be a critical agent in protecting the brain against neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity impairment, and oxidative stress in the cortex and hippocampus of ETS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - An-Lei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Yi-Peng Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Xiao-Jing Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Ting Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Xin-Rui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Jiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Yu-Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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Hu Y, Guo TC, Zhang XY, Tian J, Lu YS. Paired associative stimulation improves synaptic plasticity and functional outcomes after cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1968-1976. [PMID: 31290455 PMCID: PMC6676880 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.259618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Paired associative stimulation is a relatively new non-invasive brain stimulation technique that combines transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation. The effects of paired associative stimulation on the excitability of the cerebral cortex can vary according to the time interval between the transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation. We established a model of cerebral ischemia in rats via transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. We administered paired associative stimulation with a frequency of 0.05 Hz 90 times over 4 weeks. We then evaluated spatial learning and memory using the Morris water maze. Changes in the cerebral ultra-structure and synaptic plasticity were assessed via transmission electron microscopy and a 64-channel multi-electrode array. We measured mRNA and protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 in the hippocampus using a real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. Paired associative stimulation treatment significantly improved learning and memory in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia. The ultra-structures of synapses in the CA1 area of the hippocampus in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia were restored by paired associative stimulation. Long-term potentiation at synapses in the CA3 and CA1 regions of the hippocampus was enhanced as well. The protein and mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 increased after paired associative stimulation treatment. These data indicate that paired associative stimulation can protect cognition after cerebral ischemia. The observed effect may be mediated by increases in the mRNA and protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1, and by enhanced synaptic plasticity in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China (approval No. TJ-A20151102) on July 11, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tie-Cheng Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yin-Shan Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Wang Y, Fang K, He S, Fan Y, Yu J, Zhang X. Effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on the growth of primarily cultured hippocampus neurons in vitro and their expression of iron-containing enzymes. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:927-934. [PMID: 31114204 PMCID: PMC6489628 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s199328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mechanism of action of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) involves the generation of neuronal and action potentials utilizing induced currents in time-varying magnetic fields. However, the long-lasting and effective biological impact of magnetic stimulation does not appear to be completely explained by the transient magnetic field pulses. In this context, we hypothesized magnetic stimulation may affect the expression of iron-containing enzymes in neurons, mediating the long-lasting biological effects associated with this stimulus. Methods: Primarily cultured hippocampus neurons from SD rats were used as the cell model in this study. These were randomly divided into control, sham, and magnetic stimulation groups to probe into the effect of the magnetic field directly. The latter group received 40%, 60%, and 100% maximal stimulator output Tesla (1.68, 2.52, and 4.2 T) with low-frequency rTMS (1 Hz). The expression of iron-containing enzymes (catalase and aconitase) and non-ferrous enzymes (protein kinase A) was measured with Western blotting and ELISA. Results: The survival rates of neurons in the 40%T and 60%T groups were significantly increased in comparison to the controls (P<0.05), while those in the 100%T group showed cell damage, with slightly disturbed neurite connections and decreased survival rate. Furthermore, catalase and aconitase expression was higher in all of the stimulated groups in comparison to controls (P<0.05). On the other hand, the expression of the iron-containing enzymes decreased in the 100%T group in comparison with the 40%T and 60%T groups (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of protein kinase A was not significantly increased in the groups which underwent magnetic stimulation. Conclusion: rTMS may increase the expression of ferrous enzymes but does not have a strong effect on non-ferrous enzymes. Excessive intensity of magnetic stimulation may reduce neuronal survival rate and affect the expression of iron-containing enzymes. The mechanism underlying the lasting effect of rTMS may be related to the increase of ferriferous expression induced by magnetic stimulation, with a clear correlation with stimulation intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Fang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijia He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juming Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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56
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Baek A, Park EJ, Kim SY, Nam BG, Kim JH, Jun SW, Kim SH, Cho SR. High-Frequency Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation Enhances the Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Through Activation of Ca 2+-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II-cAMP-Response Element-Binding Protein Pathway. Front Neurol 2018; 9:285. [PMID: 29867712 PMCID: PMC5949612 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can be used in various neurological disorders. However, neurobiological mechanism of rTMS is not well known. Therefore, in this study, we examined the global gene expression patterns depending on different frequencies of repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) in both undifferentiated and differentiated Neuro-2a cells to generate a comprehensive view of the biological mechanisms. The Neuro-2a cells were randomly divided into three groups—the sham (no active stimulation) group, the low-frequency (0.5 Hz stimulation) group, and high-frequency (10 Hz stimulation) group—and were stimulated 10 min for 3 days. The low- and high-frequency groups of rMS on Neuro-2a cells were characterized by transcriptome array. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the Database of Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery program, which yielded a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway. Amphetamine addiction pathway, circadian entrainment pathway, long-term potentiation (LTP) pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, prolactin signaling pathway, and cholinergic synapse pathway were significantly enriched in high-frequency group compared with low-frequency group. Among these pathways, LTP pathway is relevant to rMS, thus the genes that were involved in LTP pathway were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The expression of glutamate ionotropic receptor N-methyl d-aspartate 1, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) δ, and CaMKIIα was increased, and the expression of CaMKIIγ was decreased in high-frequency group. These genes can activate the calcium (Ca2+)–CaMKII–cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway. Furthermore, high-frequency rMS induced phosphorylation of CREB, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) transcription via activation of Ca2+–CaMKII–CREB pathway. In conclusion, high-frequency rMS enhances the expression of BDNF by activating Ca2+–CaMKII–CREB pathway in the Neuro-2a cells. These findings may help clarify further therapeutic mechanisms of rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Baek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.,Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jee Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Graduate School Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Bae-Geun Nam
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate Program of NanoScience and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Jun
- Department of Biomedical Clinical Engineering, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate Program of NanoScience and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei Stem Cell Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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57
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Park HJ, Kang HK, Wang M, Jo J, Chung E, Kim S. A pilot study of planar coil based magnetic stimulation using acute hippocampal slice in mice. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2017:1118-1121. [PMID: 29060071 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Micromagnetic stimulation using small-sized implantable coils has recently been studied. The main advantage of this method is that it can provide sustainable stimulation performance even if a fibrotic encapsulation layer is formed around the implanted coil by inflammation response, because indirectly induced currents are used to induce neural responses. In previous research, we optimized the geometrical and control parameters used in implantable magnetic stimulation. Based on those results, we fabricated the planar coil and studied the LTP effect in the hippocampal slice by two different magnetic stimulation protocols using the quadripulse stimulation (QPS) pattern. We found that direct magnetic stimulation (DMS) induced insignificant LTP effect and priming magnetic stimulation (PMS) occluded LTP effect after tetanic stimulation, when QPS patterned magnetic stimulation with 1 A current pulse was applied to the planar coil.
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Zhen J, Qian Y, Weng X, Su W, Zhang J, Cai L, Dong L, An H, Su R, Wang J, Zheng Y, Wang X. Gamma rhythm low field magnetic stimulation alleviates neuropathologic changes and rescues memory and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2017; 3:487-497. [PMID: 29124106 PMCID: PMC5671620 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The abnormal amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and Aβ-related neural network dysfunction are considered central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the early stage. Deep-brain reachable low field magnetic stimulation (DMS), a novel noninvasive approach that was designed to intervene the network activity in brains, has been found to alleviate stress-related cognitive impairments. Methods Amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 transgenic mice (5XFAD) were treated with DMS, and cognitive behavior and AD-like pathologic changes in the neurochemical and electrophysiological properties in 5XFAD mice were assessed. Results We demonstrate that DMS treatment enhances cognitive performances, attenuates Aβ load, upregulates postsynaptic density protein 95 level, and promotes hippocampal long-term potentiation in 5XFAD mouse brain. Intriguingly, the gamma burst magnetic stimulation reverses the aberrant gamma oscillations in the transgenic hippocampal network. Discussion This work establishes a solid foundation for the effectiveness of DMS in treating AD and proposes a future study of gamma rhythm stimulation on reorganizing rhythmic neural activity in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhen
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanjing Qian
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xiechuan Weng
- Department of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Su
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Cai
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Haiting An
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijun Su
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Hypertension-induced synapse loss and impairment in synaptic plasticity in the mouse hippocampus mimics the aging phenotype: implications for the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment. GeroScience 2017; 39:385-406. [PMID: 28664509 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that hypertension has detrimental effects on the cerebral microcirculation and thereby promotes accelerated brain aging. Hypertension is an independent risk factor for both vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the pathophysiological link between hypertension-induced cerebromicrovascular injury (e.g., blood-brain barrier disruption, increased microvascular oxidative stress, and inflammation) and cognitive decline remains elusive. The present study was designed to characterize neuronal functional and morphological alterations induced by chronic hypertension and compare them to those induced by aging. To achieve that goal, we induced hypertension in young C57BL/6 mice by chronic (4 weeks) infusion of angiotensin II. We found that long-term potentiation (LTP) of performant path synapses following high-frequency stimulation of afferent fibers was decreased in hippocampal slices obtained from hypertensive mice, mimicking the aging phenotype. Hypertension and advanced age were associated with comparable decline in synaptic density in the stratum radiatum of the mouse hippocampus. Hypertension, similar to aging, was associated with changes in mRNA expression of several genes involved in regulation of neuronal function, including down-regulation of Bdnf, Homer1, and Dlg4, which may have a role in impaired synaptic plasticity. Collectively, hypertension impairs synaptic plasticity, reduces synaptic density, and promotes dysregulation of genes involved in synaptic function in the mouse hippocampus mimicking the aging phenotype. These hypertension-induced neuronal alterations may impair establishment of memories in the hippocampus and contribute to the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of both vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Shang Y, Wang X, Shang X, Zhang H, Liu Z, Yin T, Zhang T. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation effectively facilitates spatial cognition and synaptic plasticity associated with increasing the levels of BDNF and synaptic proteins in Wistar rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 134 Pt B:369-78. [PMID: 27555233 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive technique, by which cognitive deficits can be alleviated. Furthermore, rTMS may facilitate learning and memory. However, its underlying mechanism is still little known. The aim of this study was to investigate if the facilitation of spatial cognition and synaptic plasticity, induced by rTMS, is regulated by enhancing pre- and postsynaptic proteins in normal rats. Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to examine the spatial cognition. The synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and depotentiation (DEP), presynaptic plasticity paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), from the hippocampal Schaffer collaterals to CA1 region was subsequently measured using in vivo electrophysiological techniques. The expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), presynaptic protein synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic protein NR2B were measured by Western blot. Our data show that the spatial learning/memory and reversal learning/memory in rTMS rats were remarkably enhanced compared to that in the Sham group. Furthermore, LTP and DEP as well as PPF were effectively facilitated by 5Hz-rTMS. Additionally, the expressions of BDNF, SYP and NR2B were significantly increased via magnetic stimulation. The results suggest that rTMS considerably increases the expressions of BDNF, postsynaptic protein NR2B and presynaptic protein SYP, and thereby significantly enhances the synaptic plasticity and spatial cognition in normal animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Shang
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Xueliang Shang
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Tao Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, PR China.
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Alam MA, Subramanyam Rallabandi VP, Roy PK. Systems Biology of Immunomodulation for Post-Stroke Neuroplasticity: Multimodal Implications of Pharmacotherapy and Neurorehabilitation. Front Neurol 2016; 7:94. [PMID: 27445961 PMCID: PMC4923163 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies indicate that anti-inflammatory drugs, act as a double-edged sword, not only exacerbating secondary brain injury but also contributing to neurological recovery after stroke. Our aim is to explore whether there is a beneficial role for neuroprotection and functional recovery using anti-inflammatory drug along with neurorehabilitation therapy using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), so as to improve functional recovery after ischemic stroke. METHODS We develop a computational systems biology approach from preclinical data, using ordinary differential equations, to study the behavior of both phenotypes of microglia, such as M1 type (pro-inflammatory) vis-à-vis M2 type (anti-inflammatory) under anti-inflammatory drug action (minocycline). We explore whether pharmacological treatment along with cerebral stimulation using tDCS and rTMS is beneficial or not. We utilize the systems pathway analysis of minocycline in nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) signaling and neurorehabilitation therapy using tDCS and rTMS that act through brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathways. RESULTS We demarcate the role of neuroinflammation and immunomodulation in post-stroke recovery, under minocycline activated-microglia and neuroprotection together with improved neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and functional recovery under the action of rTMS or tDCS. We elucidate the feasibility of utilizing rTMS/tDCS to increase neuroprotection across the reperfusion stage during minocycline administration. We delineate that the signaling pathways of minocycline by modulation of inflammatory genes in NF-κB and proteins activated by tDCS and rTMS through BDNF, TrkB, and calmodulin kinase (CaMK) signaling. Utilizing systems biology approach, we show that the activation pathways for pharmacotherapy (minocycline) and neurorehabilitation (rTMS applied to ipsilesional cortex and tDCS) results into increased neuronal and synaptic activity that commonly occur through activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. We construe that considerable additive neuroprotection effect would be obtained and delayed reperfusion injury can be remedied, if one uses multimodal intervention of minocycline together with tDCS and rTMS. CONCLUSION Additive beneficial effect is, thus, noticed for pharmacotherapy along with neurorehabilitation therapy, by maneuvering the dynamics of immunomodulation using anti-inflammatory drug and cerebral stimulation for augmenting the functional recovery after stroke, which may engender clinical applicability for enhancing plasticity, rehabilitation, and neurorestoration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prasun K Roy
- National Brain Research Centre , Gurgaon , India
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Choi KM, Scott DT, Lim SL. The modulating effects of brain stimulation on emotion regulation and decision-making. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40810-016-0018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Volz MS, Finke C, Harms L, Jurek B, Paul F, Flöel A, Prüss H. Altered paired associative stimulation-induced plasticity in NMDAR encephalitis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 3:101-13. [PMID: 26900584 PMCID: PMC4748309 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether neurophysiological mechanisms indicating cortical excitability, long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity, GABAergic and glutamatergic function are altered in patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and whether they can be helpful as markers of diagnostic assessment, disease progression, and potentially therapy response. METHODS Neurophysiological characterizations of patients with NMDAR encephalitis (n = 34, mean age: 28 ± 11 years; 30 females) and age/gender-matched healthy controls (n = 27, 28.5 ± 10 years; 25 females) were performed using transcranial magnetic stimulation-derived protocols including resting motor threshold, recruitment curve, intracortical facilitation, short intracortical inhibition, and cortical silent period. Paired associative stimulation (PAS) was applied to assess LTP-like mechanisms which are mediated through NMDAR. Moreover, resting state functional connectivity was determined using functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS PAS-induced plasticity differed significantly between groups (P = 0.0056). Cortical excitability, as assessed via motor-evoked potentials after PAS, decreased in patients, whereas it increased in controls indicating malfunctioning of NMDAR in encephalitis patients. Lower PAS-induced plasticity significantly correlated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) (r = -0.41; P = 0.0031) and was correlated with lower functional connectivity within the motor network in NMDAR encephalitis patients (P < 0.001, uncorrected). Other neurophysiological parameters were not significantly different between groups. Follow-up assessments were available in six patients and demonstrated parallel improvement of PAS-induced plasticity and mRS. INTERPRETATION Assessment of PAS-induced plasticity may help to determine NMDAR dysfunction and disease severity in NMDAR encephalitis, and might even aid as a sensitive, noninvasive, and well-tolerated "electrophysiological biomarker" to monitor therapy response in the future. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: Identifier: NCT01865578.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sarah Volz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and RheumatologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
| | - Carsten Finke
- Department of NeurologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
- Berlin School of Mind and BrainHumboldt – Universität zu BerlinGermany
| | - Lutz Harms
- Department of NeurologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
- Center for Autoimmune Encephalitis and Paraneoplastic Neurological SyndromesCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
| | - Betty Jurek
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BerlinGermany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Department of NeurologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular MedicineCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of NeurologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular MedicineCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
- Center for Stroke Research BerlinCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
| | - Harald Prüss
- Department of NeurologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
- Center for Autoimmune Encephalitis and Paraneoplastic Neurological SyndromesCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BerlinGermany
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Zhang ZC, Luan F, Xie CY, Geng DD, Wang YY, Ma J. Low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation is beneficial for enhancing synaptic plasticity in the aging brain. Neural Regen Res 2015. [PMID: 26199608 PMCID: PMC4498353 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.158356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the aging brain, cognitive function gradually declines and causes a progressive reduction in the structural and functional plasticity of the hippocampus. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an emerging and novel neurological and psychiatric tool used to investigate the neurobiology of cognitive function. Recent studies have demonstrated that low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (≤1 Hz) ameliorates synaptic plasticity and spatial cognitive deficits in learning-impaired mice. However, the mechanisms by which this treatment improves these deficits during normal aging are still unknown. Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signal pathway, synaptic protein markers, and spatial memory behavior in the hippocampus of normal aged mice. The study also investigated the downstream regulator, Fyn kinase, and the downstream effectors, synaptophysin and growth-associated protein 43 (both synaptic markers), to determine the possible mechanisms by which transcranial magnetic stimulation regulates cognitive capacity. Transcranial magnetic stimulation with low intensity (110% average resting motor threshold intensity, 1 Hz) increased mRNA and protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B, and Fyn in the hippocampus of aged mice. The treatment also upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of synaptophysin and growth-associated protein 43 in the hippocampus of these mice. In conclusion, brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling may play an important role in sustaining and regulating structural synaptic plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the hippocampus of aging mice, and Fyn may be critical during this regulation. These responses may change the structural plasticity of the aging hippocampus, thereby improving cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Chi Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Feng Luan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chun-Yan Xie
- Second Surgical Department, Qinghe Public Hospital of Hebei Province, Xingtai, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Geng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yan-Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China ; Hebei Key Laboratory for Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China ; Hebei Key Laboratory for Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on synaptic plasticity and apoptosis in vascular dementia rats. Behav Brain Res 2015; 281:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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