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Karthivashan G, Arulselvan P, Tan SW, Fakurazi S. The molecular mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective potential of Moringa oleifera leaves extract against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Leone A, Spada A, Battezzati A, Schiraldi A, Aristil J, Bertoli S. Cultivation, Genetic, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Leaves: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12791-835. [PMID: 26057747 PMCID: PMC4490473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is an interesting plant for its use in bioactive compounds. In this manuscript, we review studies concerning the cultivation and production of moringa along with genetic diversity among different accessions and populations. Different methods of propagation, establishment and cultivation are discussed. Moringa oleifera shows diversity in many characters and extensive morphological variability, which may provide a resource for its improvement. Great genetic variability is present in the natural and cultivated accessions, but no collection of cultivated and wild accessions currently exists. A germplasm bank encompassing the genetic variability present in Moringa is needed to perform breeding programmes and develop elite varieties adapted to local conditions. Alimentary and medicinal uses of moringa are reviewed, alongside the production of biodiesel. Finally, being that the leaves are the most used part of the plant, their contents in terms of bioactive compounds and their pharmacological properties are discussed. Many studies conducted on cell lines and animals seem concordant in their support for these properties. However, there are still too few studies on humans to recommend Moringa leaves as medication in the prevention or treatment of diseases. Therefore, further studies on humans are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alberto Spada
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alberto Schiraldi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Junior Aristil
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Roy Choudhury P, Dutta Choudhury M, Ningthoujam SS, Das D, Nath D, Das Talukdar A. Ethnomedicinal plants used by traditional healers of North Tripura district, Tripura, North East India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:135-48. [PMID: 25794807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Information about ethnomedicinal plants used by traditional healers in Tripura, India is very much limited. As there is rapid erosion of traditional knowledge in the state, needs has arisen to document the diversity of medicinal plants, their preparation and associated diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY Attempts have been made to explore the herbal medicines used by the traditional healers belonging to the various communities in North Tripura district of Tripura, India and document the associated traditional knowledge on the utilisation of medicinal plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was based on ethnomedicinal field survey covering a period of 1 year from February 2012 to February 2013. The ethnomedicinal information was collected by using semi-structured questionnaires from different healers and knowledge holders. Collected data were analysed through informant consensus factor, Index of Specialisation and Relative frequency of citation to determine culturally significant plants. RESULTS A total of 75 species of plants under 68 genera belonging to 43 families were collected during the study for the treatment of 15 disease categories. Leaves were the most frequently used plant parts and most of the medicines were prepared in the form of extract and administered orally. FIC values of the present study indicated that there was a high agreement in the use of plants in the treatment of digestive system disorders and respiratory system disorders among the healers. Plants having high ISu are Justicia adhatoda, Pajanelia longifolia, Catharanthus roseus etc. CONCLUSION The present study highlighted certain species having higher priority indices for further phytochemical investigation. Counselling of traditional health practitioners should be taken into consideration in order to smooth continuation and extension of traditional medical knowledge and practice for ensuring safe and effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Roy Choudhury
- Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | | | - Dipan Das
- Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Deepa Nath
- Department of Botany & Biotechnology, Karimganj College, Karimganj, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
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Nayak G, Vadinkar A, Nair S, Kalthur SG, D'Souza AS, Shetty PK, Mutalik S, Shetty MM, Kalthur G, Adiga SK. Sperm abnormalities induced by pre-pubertal exposure to cyclophosphamide are effectively mitigated byMoringa oleiferaleaf extract. Andrologia 2015; 48:125-36. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Nayak
- Division of Clinical Embryology; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - A. Vadinkar
- Division of Clinical Embryology; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - S. Nair
- Division of Clinical Embryology; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - S. G. Kalthur
- Department of Anatomy; Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - A. S. D'Souza
- Department of Anatomy; Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - P. K. Shetty
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - S. Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - M. M. Shetty
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - G. Kalthur
- Division of Clinical Embryology; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - S. K. Adiga
- Division of Clinical Embryology; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
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Stohs SJ, Hartman MJ. Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Moringa oleifera. Phytother Res 2015; 29:796-804. [PMID: 25808883 PMCID: PMC6680322 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera leaves, seeds, bark, roots, sap, and flowers are widely used in traditional medicine, and the leaves and immature seed pods are used as food products in human nutrition. Leaf extracts exhibit the greatest antioxidant activity, and various safety studies in animals involving aqueous leaf extracts indicate a high degree of safety. No adverse effects were reported in association with human studies. Five human studies using powdered whole leaf preparations of M. oleifera have been published, which have demonstrated anti‐hyperglycemic (antidiabetic) and anti‐dyslipidemic activities. These activities have been confirmed using extracts as well as leaf powders in animal studies. A rapidly growing number of published studies have shown that aqueous, hydroalcohol, or alcohol extracts of M. oleifera leaves possess a wide range of additional biological activities including antioxidant, tissue protective (liver, kidneys, heart, testes, and lungs), analgesic, antiulcer, antihypertensive, radioprotective, and immunomodulatory actions. A wide variety of polyphenols and phenolic acids as well as flavonoids, glucosinolates, and possibly alkaloids is believed to be responsible for the observed effects. Standardization of products is an issue. However, the results of published studies to date involving M. oleifera are very promising. Additional human studies using standardized extracts are highly desirable. © 2015 The Authors Phytotherapy Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Silymarin (Silybum marianum) on Hepatotoxicity Induced by Acetaminophen in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:538317. [PMID: 25821491 PMCID: PMC4363982 DOI: 10.1155/2015/538317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Silymarin (SLM) on the hypertension state and the liver function changes induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Animals normotensive (N) or hypertensive (SHR) were treated or not with APAP (3 g/kg, oral) or previously treated with SLM. Twelve hours after APAP administration, plasmatic levels of liver function markers: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose (GLU), gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of all groups, were determined. Liver injury was assessed using histological studies. Samples of their livers were then used to determine the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production and were also sectioned for histological analysis. No differences were observed for ALT, γ-GT, and GLU levels between SHR and normotensive rats groups. However, AST and ALP levels were increased in hypertensive animals. APAP treatment promoted an increase in ALT and AST in both SHR and N. However, only for SHR, γ-GT levels were increased. The inflammatory response evaluated by MPO activity and NO production showed that SHR was more susceptible to APAP effect, by increasing leucocyte infiltration. Silymarin treatment (Legalon) restored the hepatocyte functional and histopathological alterations induced by APAP in normotensive and hypertensive animals.
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Karthivashan G, Arulselvan P, Alimon AR, Safinar Ismail I, Fakurazi S. Competing role of bioactive constituents in Moringa oleifera extract and conventional nutrition feed on the performance of Cobb 500 broilers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:970398. [PMID: 25793214 PMCID: PMC4352494 DOI: 10.1155/2015/970398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The influence of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf extract as a dietary supplement on the growth performance and antioxidant parameters was evaluated on broiler meat and the compounds responsible for the corresponding antioxidant activity were identified. 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% w/v of MO leaf aqueous extracts (MOLE) were prepared, and nutritional feed supplemented with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% w/w of MO leaf meal (MOLM) extracts were also prepared and analysed for their in vitro antioxidant potential. Furthermore, the treated broiler groups (control (T1) and treatment (T2, T3, and T4)) were evaluated for performance, meat quality, and antioxidant status. The results of this study revealed that, among the broilers fed MOLM, the broilers fed 0.5% w/w MOLM (T2) exhibited enhanced meat quality and antioxidant status (P < 0.05). However, the antioxidant activity of the MOLE is greater than that of the MOLM. The LC-MS/MS analysis of MOLM showed high expression of isoflavones and fatty acids from soy and corn source, which antagonistically inhibit the expression of the flavonoids/phenols in the MO leaves thereby masking its antioxidant effects. Thus, altering the soy and corn gradients in conventional nutrition feed with 0.5% w/w MO leaves supplement would provide an efficient and cost-effective feed supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abd. Razak Alimon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nutritional Content and Elemental and Phytochemical Analyses ofMoringa oleiferaGrown in Mexico. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/860381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleiferais a tree distributed in Mexican semiarid and coastal regions.M. oleiferais used in practice in the treatment of various diseases and is available without a medical prescription, often in the form of an herbal infusion for everyday use. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritional values of driedM. oleiferaleaf powder collected from two different regions in Mexico. All samples ofM. oleiferaexhibited moisture levels varying from 3.06 to 3.34%, lipids from 10.21 to 10.31%, fiber from 7.29 to 9.46%, ashes from 10.71 to 11.18%, crude protein from 10.74 to 11.48%, and carbohydrates from 54.61 to 57.61%. The predominant mineral elements in the leaf powder according to ICP-MS were Ca (2016.5–2620.5 mg/100 g), K (1817–1845 mg/100 g), and Mg (322.5–340.6 mg/100 g). The HPLC analysis indicated the presence of phenolic acids (gallic and chlorogenic acids) and flavonoids (rutin, luteolin, quercetin, apigenin, and kaempferol). We concluded that LombardiaM. oleiferasamples could be employed in edible and commercial applications. Our results showed that the highest mean value of As from the San Pedro samples exceeds the recommended level and may constitute a health hazard to consumers.
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Zyoud S, Al-Jabi S, Sweileh W, Awang R. A bibliometric analysis of research productivity of Malaysian publications in leading toxicology journals during a 10-year period (2003-2012). Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 33:1284-93. [PMID: 24505047 DOI: 10.1177/0960327113514101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxicology in Malaysia has experienced rapid development and made great progress in education and research in conjunction with economic development in Malaysia over the past two decades. OBJECTIVES The main objectives of this study were to analyse the research originating from Malaysia and published in toxicology journals and to examine the authorship pattern and the citations retrieved from the Scopus database. METHODS Data from 1 January 2003 till 31 December 2012 were searched for documents with specific words in the toxicology field as a 'source title' and Malaysia as an affiliation country. Research productivity was evaluated based on a methodology we developed and used in other bibliometric studies by analysing: (a) total and trends of contributions in toxicology fields between 2003 and 2012; (b) Malaysian authorship pattern and productivity; (c) collaboration patterns; (d) journals in which Malaysian researchers publish; (e) the classification of journals to Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) or non-ISI; (f) impact factors (IFs) of all publications; and (g) citations received by the publications. RESULTS In total, 290 documents were retrieved from 55 international peer-reviewed toxicology journals. The quantity of publication increased by around 10-fold from 2003 to 2012. The h-index of the retrieved documents was 20. Of the 55 journal titles, 42 (76.4%) have their IF listed in the journal citation reports 2012. Forty-two documents (14.5%) were published in journals that had no official IF. The total number of citations, at the time of manuscript writing (5 August 2013), was 1707, with a median (interquartile range) of 3 (0-7). Malaysia collaborated mostly with countries in the Asia-Pacific regions (18.3%), especially India and Japan, followed by the Middle East and Africa (10.0%), especially Palestine and Yemen. CONCLUSION The present data show a promising rise and a good start for toxicology research activity in Malaysia. The sharing of relevant research questions by developed and developing countries can lead to research opportunities in the field of toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Zyoud
- Poison Control and Drug Information Center (PCDIC), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Information, National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sw Al-Jabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Wm Sweileh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - R Awang
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Information, National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
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Tobwala S, Khayyat A, Fan W, Ercal N. Comparative evaluation of N-acetylcysteine and N-acetylcysteineamide in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in human hepatoma HepaRG cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:261-72. [PMID: 25245075 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214549520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) is one of the most widely used over-the-counter antipyretic analgesic medications. Despite being safe at therapeutic doses, an accidental or intentional overdose can result in severe hepatotoxicity; a leading cause of drug-induced liver failure in the U.S. Depletion of glutathione (GSH) is implicated as an initiating event in APAP-induced toxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a GSH precursor, is the only currently approved antidote for an APAP overdose. Unfortunately, fairly high doses and longer treatment times are required due to its poor bioavailability. In addition, oral and intravenous administration of NAC in a hospital setting are laborious and costly. Therefore, we studied the protective effects of N-acetylcysteineamide (NACA), a novel antioxidant, with higher bioavailability and compared it with NAC in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in a human-relevant in vitro system, HepaRG. Our results indicated that exposure of HepaRG cells to APAP resulted in GSH depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, increased lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction (assessed by JC-1 fluorescence), and lactate dehydrogenase release. Both NAC and NACA protected against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by restoring GSH levels, scavenging ROS, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and preserving mitochondrial membrane potential. However, NACA was better than NAC at combating oxidative stress and protecting against APAP-induced damage. The higher efficiency of NACA in protecting cells against APAP-induced toxicity suggests that NACA can be developed into a promising therapeutic option for treatment of an APAP overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Tobwala
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Ahdab Khayyat
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Weili Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Nuran Ercal
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Soluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves with a new anticancer activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95492. [PMID: 24748376 PMCID: PMC3991666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera has been regarded as a food substance since ancient times and has also been used as a treatment for many diseases. Recently, various therapeutic effects of M. oleifera such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant effects have been investigated; however, most of these studies described only simple biological phenomena and their chemical compositions. Due to the increasing attention on natural products, such as those from plants, and the advantages of oral administration of anticancer drugs, soluble extracts from M. oleifera leaves (MOL) have been prepared and their potential as new anticancer drug candidates has been assessed in this study. Here, the soluble cold Distilled Water extract (4°C; concentration, 300 µg/mL) from MOL greatly induced apoptosis, inhibited tumor cell growth, and lowered the level of internal reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human lung cancer cells as well as other several types of cancer cells, suggesting that the treatment of cancer cells with MOL significantly reduced cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, over 90% of the genes tested were unexpectedly downregulated more than 2-fold, while just below 1% of the genes were upregulated more than 2-fold in MOL extract-treated cells, when compared with nontreated cells. Since severe dose-dependent rRNA degradation was observed, the abnormal downregulation of numerous genes was considered to be attributable to abnormal RNA formation caused by treatment with MOL extracts. Additionally, the MOL extract showed greater cytotoxicity for tumor cells than for normal cells, strongly suggesting that it could potentially be an ideal anticancer therapeutic candidate specific to cancer cells. These results suggest the potential therapeutic implications of the soluble extract from MOL in the treatment of various types of cancers.
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Sikder K, Kesh SB, Das N, Manna K, Dey S. The high antioxidative power of quercetin (aglycone flavonoid) and its glycone (rutin) avert high cholesterol diet induced hepatotoxicity and inflammation in Swiss albino mice. Food Funct 2014; 5:1294-303. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60526d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tiwari P, Ahirwae D, Chandy A, Ahirwar B. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Selaginella lepidophylla. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Victoria F, Anversa R, Savegnago L, Lenardão E. Essential oils of E. uniflora leaves protect liver injury induced by acetaminophen. FOOD BIOSCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea (Linn.) flower against acetaminophen-induced liver damage. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Das N, Sikder K, Bhattacharjee S, Majumdar SB, Ghosh S, Majumdar S, Dey S. Quercetin alleviates inflammation after short-term treatment in high-fat-fed mice. Food Funct 2013; 4:889-98. [PMID: 23644882 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo30241e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) which ultimately trigger inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MoLE) and its active component quercetin in preventing NF-κB-mediated inflammation raised by short-term HFD. Quercetin was found to be one of the major flavonoid components from HPLC of MoLE. Swiss mice were fed for 15 days on HFD, both with or without MoLE/quercetin. The antioxidant profile was estimated from liver homogenate. NF-κB and some relevant inflammatory markers were evaluated by immunoblotting, RT-PCR and ELISA. Significantly (P < 0.05) lower antioxidant profile and higher lipid peroxidation was found in HFD group compared to control (P < 0.05). Increased nuclear import of NF-κB and elevated expressions of pro-inflammatory markers were further manifestations in the HFD group. All these changes were reversed in the MoLE/quercetin-treated groups with significant improvement of antioxidant activity compared to the HFD group. MoLE was found to be rich in polyphenols and both MoLE and quercetin showed potent free radical and hydroxyl radical quenching activity. Thus, the present study concluded that short-term treatment with MoLE and its constituent quercetin prevent HFD-mediated inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Das
- Department of Physiology, UCST, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
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Sharifudin SA, Fakurazi S, Hidayat MT, Hairuszah I, Moklas MAM, Arulselvan P. Therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera extracts against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:279-288. [PMID: 23043505 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.720993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is a rich source of essential minerals and antioxidants; it has been used in human and animal nutrition. The leaves and flowers are being used by the population with great dietary importance. OBJECTIVE The present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves and flowers against hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the hepatoprotective study, either flowers or leaves of hydroethanolic extract (200 or 400 mg/kg bw through IP injection) were administered an hour after APAP administration. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) was used as the positive control for this study. Liver and kidney function tests including lipid peroxidation levels were analyzed and histopathological changes of liver and kidney were also observed. RESULTS Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity increased the activities of liver marker enzymes. Histologically, the liver was observed to have inflammation and bridging necrosis. Liver marker enzymes were significantly reduced when treated with flower and leaf extracts of MO in animals with APAP induced toxicity. In addition, there were no significant changes observed in clinical markers of kidney function. Histological observation on liver tissue from the rats treated with MO flower and leaf extract showed reduction in the severity of the liver damage. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results indicated the possible therapeutic action of flower and leaf extract from MO in protecting liver damage in rats given an over dosage of APAP.
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Sharma V, Paliwal R, Janmeda P, Sharma S. Chemopreventive efficacy of Moringa oleifera pods against 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced hepatic carcinogenesis in mice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2563-9. [PMID: 22938421 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.6.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common mechanism contributing to initiation and progression of hepatic damage in a variety of liver disorders. Hence there is a great demand for the development of agents with potent antioxidant effect. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the efficacy of Moringa oleifera as a hepatoprotective and an antioxidant against 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced hepatocellular damage. Single oral administration of DMBA (15 mg/kg) to mice resulted in significantly (p<0.001) depleted levels of xenobiotic enzymes like, cytochrome P450 and b5. DMBA induced oxidative stress was confirmed by decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the liver tissue. The status of hepatic aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) which is indicative of hepatocellular damage were also found to be decreased in DMBA administered mice. Pretreatment with the Moringa oleifera (200 and 400 mg/kg) orally for 14 days significantly reversed the DMBA induced alterations in the liver tissue and offered almost complete protection. The results from the present study indicate that Moringa oleifera exhibits good hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential against DMBA induced hepatocellular damage in mice that might be due to decreased free radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India.
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69
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Jaeschke H, Williams CD, McGill MR, Xie Y, Ramachandran A. Models of drug-induced liver injury for evaluation of phytotherapeutics and other natural products. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:279-89. [PMID: 23353004 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from medicinal plants, many of which have been used for centuries, are increasingly tested in models of hepatotoxicity. One of the most popular models to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of natural products is acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury, although other hepatotoxicity models such as carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide, ethanol and endotoxin are occasionally used. APAP overdose is a clinically relevant model of drug-induced liver injury. Critical mechanisms and signaling pathways, which trigger necrotic cell death and sterile inflammation, are discussed. Although there is increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of APAP-induced liver injury, the mechanism is complex and prone to misinterpretation, especially when unknown chemicals such as plant extracts are tested. This review discusses the fundamental aspects that need to be considered when using this model, such as selection of the animal species or in vitro system, timing and dose-responses of signaling events, metabolic activation and protein adduct formation, the role of lipid peroxidation and apoptotic versus necrotic cell death, and the impact of the ensuing sterile inflammatory response. The goal is to enable researchers to select the appropriate model and experimental conditions for testing of natural products that will yield clinically relevant results and allow valid interpretations of the pharmacological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Engineered Andrographolide Nanoparticles Mitigate Paracetamol Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1252-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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71
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Akhtar Ansari J, Mateen Sayyed A, Manavalan R, LNU B. Hepatoprotective Effect of Tribulus terrestris L against
Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Damage in Wistar Rats. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2013. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Kumar Gupta S, Kumar B, Srinivasan BP, Nag TC, Srivastava S, Saxena R, Aggarwal A. Retinoprotective effects of Moringa oleifera via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2012; 29:419-26. [PMID: 23215831 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2012.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was aimed to evaluate the retinoprotective effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS The study was continued for 24 weeks and evaluated for inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin [IL]-1β, angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and protein kinase C [PKC]-β) and antioxidant (Glutathione, Superoxide dismutase, and Catalase) parameters. Retinal leakage was checked by Fluorescein angiography (FA) and fundus photographs were evaluated for retinal vessel caliber (arteriolar and venular). Transmission electron microscopy was done to determine basement membrane (BM) thickness. RESULTS The results of the present study showed potential hypoglycemic and retinal antioxidant effects of MO. In the present study, a significant rise in the expression of retinal inflammatory (TNF-α and IL-1β) and angiogenic (VEGF and PKC-β) parameters was observed in diabetic retinae as compared to normal retinae. However, MO-treated retinae showed marked inhibition in the expression of inflammatory and angiogenic parameters. Further, in the present study, diabetic retinae showed dilated retinal vessels as compared to normal. However, MO-treated retinae showed marked prevention in the dilatation of retinal vessels. Fluorescein angiograms obtained from diabetic retinae showed leaky and diffused retinal vasculature. On the other hand, MO-treated retinae showed intact retinal vasculature. Further, results of the transmission electron microscopy study showed thickened capillary BM in the diabetic retina as compared to normal retinae. However, treatment with MO prevented thickening of capillary BM. CONCLUSION Our result suggests that MO may be useful in preventing diabetes induced retinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Gupta
- Ocular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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Zhang H, Yu CH, Jiang YP, Peng C, He K, Tang JY, Xin HL. Protective effects of polydatin from Polygonum cuspidatum against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46574. [PMID: 23029551 PMCID: PMC3461010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydatin is one of main compounds in Polygonum cuspidatum, a plant with both medicinal and nutritional value. The possible hepatoprotective effects of polydatin on acute liver injury mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and the mechanisms involved were investigated. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (50 µl/kg) resulted in a significant increase in the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), also a marked enhancement in the expression of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclearfactor-kappa B (NF-κB). On the other hand, decreased glutathione (GSH) content and activities of glutathione transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were observed following CCl4 exposure. Nevertheless, all of these phenotypes were evidently reversed by preadministration of polydatin for 5 continuous days. The mRNA and protein expression levels of hepatic growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) were enhanced further by polydatin. These results suggest that polydatin protects mice against CCl4-induced liver injury through antioxidant stress and antiinflammatory effects. Polydatin may be an effective hepatoprotective agent and a promising candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress- and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CP); (JYT); (HLX)
| | - Kun He
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yuan Tang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CP); (JYT); (HLX)
| | - Hai-Liang Xin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CP); (JYT); (HLX)
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Fakurazi S, Sharifudin SA, Arulselvan P. Moringa oleifera hydroethanolic extracts effectively alleviate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats through their antioxidant nature. Molecules 2012; 17:8334-50. [PMID: 22781444 PMCID: PMC6268890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17078334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant properties Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) extracts and its curative role in acetaminophen (APAP)- induced toxic liver injury in rats caused by oxidative damage. The total phenolic content and antioxidant properties of hydroethanolic extracts of different MO edible parts were investigated by employing an established in vitro biological assay. In the antihepatotoxic study, either flowers or leaves extract (200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg, i.p) were administered an hour after APAP administration, respectively. N-Acetylcysteine was used as the positive control against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The levels of liver markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the levels of oxidative damage markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein adduct, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analysed and compared between experimental groups. Among MO edible parts the flower extracts contain the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, followed by leaves extract. The oxidative marker MDA, as well as 4-HNE protein adduct levels were elevated and GSH, SOD and CAT were significantly decreased in groups treated with hepatotoxin. The biochemical liver tissue oxidative markers measured in the rats treated with MO flowers and leaves hydroethanolic extracts showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the severity of the liver damage. The results of this study strongly indicate the therapeutic properties of MO hydroethanolic extracts against acute liver injury and thereby scientifically support its traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharida Fakurazi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +603-8947-2331; Fax: +603-8942-2341
| | - Syazana Akmal Sharifudin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Betto MRB, Lazarotto LF, Watanabe TTN, Driemeier D, Leite CE, Campos MM. Effects of treatment with enalapril on hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:933-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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76
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Al-Said MS, Mothana RA, Al-Yahya MA, Al-Blowi AS, Al-Sohaibani M, Ahmed AF, Rafatullah S. Edible Oils for Liver Protection: Hepatoprotective Potentiality of Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil against Chemical-Induced Hepatitis in Rats. J Food Sci 2012; 77:T124-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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77
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Teng CY, Lai YL, Huang HI, Hsu WH, Yang CC, Kuo WH. Tournefortia sarmentosa extract attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:291-396. [PMID: 22085220 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.602695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tournefortia sarmentosa Lam. (Boraginaceae), a Chinese herbal medicine, is commonly used as a detoxicant or anti-inflammatory agent. OBJECTIVE As acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known hepatotoxin, we investigated the effect of the aqueous extract of the T. sarmentosa on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Levels of liver function markers serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1b, and IL-6 in serum, and antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as lipid peroxidation were determined. RESULTS T. sarmentosa significantly reduced the elevated liver function (SGOT, SGPT, and ALP, p < 0.01) and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, p < 0.01) in serum of APAP-intoxicated rats. Malondialdehyde level (p < 0.05) and antioxidant enzyme levels (CAT, SOD, and GPx, p < 0.05) were also reduced in APAP-intoxicated rats treated with T. sarmentosa. Incubation of rat hepatocyte cell line clone-9 cells with APAP reduced cell viability and increased the extent of lipid peroxidation. APAP stimulation also reduced the level of glutathione (GSH) and caused reduction in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, CAT, SOD, and GPx. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with T. sarmentosa aqueous extract before and during APAP stimulation attenuated the extent of lipid peroxidation, increased cell viability and GSH level, and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These data suggest that the aqueous extract of T. sarmentosa can prevent APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuh Teng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed-Forces Taichung General Hospital, Taiping City, Taichung, Taiwan
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78
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Mbikay M. Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Chronic Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:24. [PMID: 22403543 PMCID: PMC3290775 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is an angiosperm plant, native of the Indian subcontinent, where its various parts have been utilized throughout history as food and medicine. It is now cultivated in all tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The nutritional, prophylactic, and therapeutic virtues of this plant are being extolled on the Internet. Dietary consumption of its part is therein promoted as a strategy of personal health preservation and self-medication in various diseases. The enthusiasm for the health benefits of M. oleifera is in dire contrast with the scarcity of strong experimental and clinical evidence supporting them. Fortunately, the chasm is slowly being filled. In this article, I review current scientific data on the corrective potential of M. oleifera leaves in chronic hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, as symptoms of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Reported studies in experimental animals and humans, although limited in number and variable in design, seem concordant in their support for this potential. However, before M. oleifera leaf formulations can be recommended as medication in the prevention or treatment of diabetes and CVD, it is necessary that the scientific basis of their efficacy, the therapeutic modalities of their administration and their possible side effects be more rigorously determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majambu Mbikay
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa, ON, Canada
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79
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Nithianantham K, Shyamala M, Chen Y, Latha LY, Jothy SL, Sasidharan S. Hepatoprotective potential of Clitoria ternatea leaf extract against paracetamol induced damage in mice. Molecules 2011; 16:10134-45. [PMID: 22146374 PMCID: PMC6264671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules161210134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Clitoria ternatea, a medicinal herb native to tropical equatorial Asia, is commonly used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of C. ternatea against experimentally induced liver injury. Methods: The antioxidant property of methanolic extract (ME) of C. ternatea leaf was investigated by employing an established in vitro antioxidant assay. The hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in mice of ME of C. ternatea leaf was also studied. Activity was measured by monitoring the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and billirubin along with histopathological analysis. Results: The amount of total phenolics and flavonoids were estimated to be 358.99 ± 6.21 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 123.75 ± 2.84 mg/g catechin equivalent, respectively. The antioxidant activity of C. ternatea leaf extract was 67.85% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and was also concentration dependant, with an IC50 value of 420.00 µg/mL. The results of the paracetamol-induced liver toxicity experiments showed that mice treated with the ME of C. ternatea leaf (200 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease in ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels, which were all elevated in the paracetamol group (p < 0.01). C. ternatea leaf extract therapy also protective effects against histopathological alterations. Histological studies supported the biochemical findings and a maximum improvement in the histoarchitecture was seen. Conclusions: The current study confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of C. ternatea leaf extract against the model hepatotoxicant paracetamol. The hepatoprotective action is likely related to its potent antioxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Nithianantham
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Jalan Bedong-Semeling, Batu 3½, Bukit Air Nasi, Bedong, 08100 Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Murugesan Shyamala
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Jalan Bedong-Semeling, Batu 3½, Bukit Air Nasi, Bedong, 08100 Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Dental Research & Training Unit, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +60-37-967-4800
| | - Lachimanan Yoga Latha
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (L.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Subramanion L. Jothy
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (L.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (L.Y.L.); (S.S.)
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da Silva MH, da Rosa EJF, de Carvalho NR, Dobrachinski F, da Rocha JBT, Mauriz JL, González-Gallego J, Soares FAA. Acute Brain Damage Induced by Acetaminophen in Mice: Effect of Diphenyl Diselenide on Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Neurotox Res 2011; 21:334-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sinha M, Das DK, Bhattacharjee S, Majumdar S, Dey S. Leaf extract of Moringa oleifera prevents ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in mice. J Med Food 2011; 14:1167-72. [PMID: 21861723 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of aqueous ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MoLE) against radiation-induced oxidative stress, which is assessed in terms of inflammation and lipid peroxidation. Swiss albino mice were administered MoLE (300 mg/kg of body weight) for 15 consecutive days before exposing them to a single dose of 5 Gy of ⁶⁰Co γ-irradiation. Mice were sacrificed at 4 hours after irradiation. Liver was collected for immunoblotting and biochemical tests for the detection of markers of hepatic oxidative stress. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and lipid peroxidation were augmented, whereas the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values were decreased by radiation exposure. Translocation of NF-κB from cytoplasm to nucleus and lipid peroxidation were found to be inhibited, whereas increases in SOD, CAT, GSH, and FRAP were observed in the mice treated with MoLE prior to irradiation. Therefore pretreatment with MoLE protected against γ-radiation-induced liver damage. The protection may be attributed to the free radical scavenging activity of MoLE, through which it can ameliorate radiation-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahuya Sinha
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science, Technology, and Agriculture, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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82
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Chattopadhyay S, Maiti S, Maji G, Deb B, Pan B, Ghosh D. Protective role of Moringa oleifera (Sajina) seed on arsenic-induced hepatocellular degeneration in female albino rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 142:200-12. [PMID: 20661662 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to develop new herbal therapy, an aqueous extract of the seed of Moringa oleifera was used to screen the effect on arsenic-induced hepatic toxicity in female rat of Wistar strain. Subchronic exposure to sodium arsenite (0.4 ppm/100 g body weight/day via drinking water for a period of 24 days) significantly increased activities of hepatic and lipid function markers such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL along with a decrease in total protein and HDL. A notable distortion of hepatocellular histoarchitecture was prominent with a concomitant increase in DNA fragmentation following arsenic exposure. A marked elevation of lipid peroxidation in hepatic tissue was also evident from the hepatic accumulation of malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes along with suppressed activities in the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. However, co-administration of aqueous seed extract of M. oleifera (500 mg/100 g body weight/day for a period of 24 days) was found to significantly prevent the arsenic-induced alteration of hepatic function markers and lipid profile. Moreover, the degeneration of histoarchitecture of liver found in arsenic-treated rats was protected along with partial but definite prevention against DNA fragmentation induction. Similarly, generation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals were found to be significantly less along with restored activities of antioxidant enzymes in M. oleifera co-administered group with comparison to arsenic alone treatment group. The present investigation offers strong evidence for the hepato-protective and antioxidative efficiencies of M. oleifera seed extract against oxidative stress induced by arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, UGC Innovative Department, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102 West Bengal, India.
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Al-Saffar F, Ganabadi S, Fakurazi S, Yaakub H. Response of Hepatic Metabolizing Enzymes and Oxidative Stress in Orally Administrated Zerumbone Against MIA-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2011.566.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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84
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Koheil MA, Hussein MA, Othman SM, El-Haddad A. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Moringa peregrina Seeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5530/ax.2011.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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85
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86
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Yuan HD, Jin GZ, Piao GC. Protective Effects of the Supernatant of Ethanol Eluate from Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice [corrected]. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 32:1683-8. [PMID: 19801828 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of the active part of Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. Extract (ASE) against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. As a result, pretreated with ASE prior to the administration of APAP significantly prevented the increases of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in serum, and glutathione (GSH) depletion, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in liver tissue. In addition, ASE prevented APAP-induced apoptosis and necrosis, as indicated by a liver histopathological analysis and DNA laddering. Furthermore, according to the results from Western blot analysis, ASE markedly decreased APAP-induced caspase-3 and -8 protein expressions in mouse livers. All these results suggest that the protective effects of ASE against APAP-induced liver injury may involve mechanisms associated with its inhibitive effects of lipid peroxidation and the down-regulation of TNF-alpha mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Dan Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Yan-Bian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133000, China
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Wilhelm EA, Jesse CR, Leite MR, Nogueira CW. Studies on preventive effects of diphenyl diselenide on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2009; 16:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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88
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Ferreira PM, Carvalho AF, Farias DF, Cariolano NG, Melo VM, Queiroz MG, Martins AM, Machado-Neto JG. Larvicidal activity of the water extract of Moringa oleifera seeds against Aedes aegypti and its toxicity upon laboratory animals. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2009; 81:207-16. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652009000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, biological effects of the water extract of Moringa oleifera seeds (WEMOS) were assessed on eggs and 3rd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and on its toxicity upon laboratory animals (Daphnia magna, mice and rats). Crude WEMOS showed a LC50 value of 1260µg/mL, causing 99.2 ± 2.9% larvae mortality within 24 h at 5200µg/mL, though this larvicidal activity has been lost completely at 80ºC/10 min. WEMOS did not demonstrate capacity to prevent egg hatching. After extensive dialyses of the crude WEMOS into watersoluble dialyzable (DF) and nondyalizable (NDF) fractions, only DF maintained its efficacy to kill larvae. Acute toxicity evaluations on daphnids (EC50 of 188.7µg/mL) and mice (LD50 of 446.5 mg/kg body weight) pointed out to low toxicity. Despite the thymus hypertrophy, WEMOS revealed to be harmless in orally and subacutelytreated rats. In conclusion, WEMOS has thermostable bioactive compounds against Ae. aegypti larvae with apparent molecular mass lower than 12 kDa and moderately toxic potential.
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89
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Fakurazi S, Hairuszah I, Lip JM, Shanthi G, Nanthini U, Shamima A, Roslida H, Tan Y. Hepatoprotective Action of Zerumbone Against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2009.161.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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90
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Ogunbinu AO, Flamini G, Cioni PL, Adebayo MA, Ogunwande IA. Constituents of Cajanus Cajan(L.) Millsp., Moringa OleiferaLam., Heliotropium IndicumL. and Bidens PilosaL. from Nigeria. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oils of four plant species from Nigeria have been extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The oils of Cajanus cajan were comprised of sesquiterpenes (92.5%, 81.2% and 94.3% respectively in the leaves, stem and seeds). The major compounds identified were α-himachalene (9.0-11.5%), β-himachalene (8.0-11.0%), γ-himachalene (6.9-8.1%), α-humulene (7.1-8.7%) and α-copaene (4.5-5.6%). However, monoterpenoid compounds (81.8%) dominated the oil of Moringa oleifera with an abundance of α-phellandrene (25.2%) and p-cymene (24.9%). On the other hand, aldehydes (52.8%) occurred in the highest amount in Heliotropium indicum, represented by phenylacetaldehyde (22.2%), ( E)-2-nonenal (8.3%) and (E, Z)-2-nonadienal (6.1%), with a significant quantity of hexahydrofarnesylacetone (8.4%). The leaf and stem oils of Bidens pilosa were dominated by sesquiterpenes (82.3% and 59.3%, respectively). The main compounds in the leaf oil were caryophyllene oxide (37.0%), β-caryophyllene (10.5%) and humulene oxide (6.0%), while the stem oils had an abundance of hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (13.4%), δ-cadinene (12.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (11.0%). The observed chemical patterns differ considerably from previous investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Universita di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pier L. Cioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Universita di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Isiaka A. Ogunwande
- Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Badagry Expressway, P. M. B. 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
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