1
|
Lan Y, Zheng YK, Wu LY, Zhou ZJ, Guan RX, Xu H, Tu JY, Gu X, Wang R, Jiang N, Wu Y, Shu CR, Zhou ZS. Polygonum Cuspidatum Alcohol Extract Exerts Analgesic Effects via the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3151-3167. [PMID: 37876500 PMCID: PMC10591627 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s420002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Traditional Chinese medicine Polygonum cuspidatum (PC) has significant effects on reducing pain. In this study, we investigated the analgesic effects of the alcohol extract of PC on three types of inflammatory pain and explored its mechanism. Methods Potential targets for the analgesic effects of the main active components of PC alcohol extract were screened by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Three different inflammatory pain mouse models (acetic acid twisting, formalin foot swelling, and xylene ear swelling) were used to study the analgesic effects of PC. The expression of latent signaling pathways in L4-6 spinal cord tissues in formalin foot swelling mice was evaluated using real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. Results Network pharmacology analysis shows that PC analgesic mechanism is related to the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. The five main active components of PC have good docking ability with JNK and p38. PC alcohol extract significantly reduced the pain behavior and alleviated inflammatory reactions in three mouse models, inhibited the mRNA and protein phosphorylation levels of JNK, ERK, p38, and CREB in spinal cord tissues. Conclusion PC alcohol extract can inhibit inflammation and alleviate pain, which is related to its inhibition of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in spinal cord. Thus, PC alcohol extract is a promising candidate for pain treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Kun Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu-Yi Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Xin Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yuan Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ren Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Shi Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jin J, Fan YJ, Nguyen TV, Yu ZN, Song CH, Lee SY, Shin HS, Chai OH. Fallopia japonica Root Extract Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Inflammation in a CARAS Mouse Model by Modulating the IL-33/TSLP/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12514. [PMID: 37569890 PMCID: PMC10420321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fallopia japonica (Asian knotweed) is a medicinal herb traditionally used to treat inflammation, among other conditions. However, the effects of F. japonica root extract (FJE) on airway inflammation associated with combined allergic rhinitis and asthma (CARAS) and the related mechanisms have not been investigated. This study examined the effect of FJE against CARAS in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced CARAS mouse model. Six-week-old male BALB/c mice were randomly segregated into six groups. Mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with OVA on days 1, 8, and 15, and administered saline, Dexamethasone (1.5 mg/kg), or FJE (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) once a day for 16 days. Nasal symptoms, inflammatory cells, OVA-specific immunoglobulins, cytokine production, mast cell activation, and nasal histopathology were assessed. Administration of FJE down-regulated OVA-specific IgE and up-regulated OVA-specific IgG2a in serum. FJE reduced the production of T helper (Th) type 2 cytokines, and the Th1 cytokine levels were enhanced in nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, FJE positively regulated allergic responses by reducing the accumulation of inflammatory cells, improving nasal and lung histopathological characteristics, and inhibiting inflammation-associated cytokines. FJE positively modulated the IL-33/TSLP/NF-B signaling pathway, which is involved in regulating inflammatory cells, immunoglobulin levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokines at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.V.N.)
| | - Yan Jing Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.V.N.)
| | - Thi Van Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.V.N.)
| | - Zhen Nan Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.V.N.)
| | - Chang Ho Song
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.V.N.)
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea (H.S.S.)
- Department of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea (H.S.S.)
- Department of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.V.N.)
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin S, Wang X, Tang RWL, Lee HC, Chan HH, Choi SSA, Dong TTX, Leung KW, Webb SE, Miller AL, Tsim KWK. The Extracts of Polygonum cuspidatum Root and Rhizome Block the Entry of SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type and Omicron Pseudotyped Viruses via Inhibition of the S-Protein and 3CL Protease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123806. [PMID: 35744929 PMCID: PMC9231230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19, resulting from infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, caused a contagious pandemic. Even with the current vaccines, there is still an urgent need to develop effective pharmacological treatments against this deadly disease. Here, we show that the water and ethanol extracts of the root and rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum (Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix), a common Chinese herbal medicine, blocked the entry of wild-type and the omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus into fibroblasts or zebrafish larvae, with IC50 values ranging from 0.015 to 0.04 mg/mL. The extracts were shown to inhibit various aspects of the pseudovirus entry, including the interaction between the spike protein (S-protein) and the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor, and the 3CL protease activity. Out of the chemical compounds tested in this report, gallic acid, a phytochemical in P. cuspidatum, was shown to have a significant anti-viral effect. Therefore, this might be responsible, at least in part, for the anti-viral efficacy of the herbal extract. Together, our data suggest that the extracts of P. cuspidatum inhibit the entry of wild-type and the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, and so they could be considered as potent treatments against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengying Lin
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (H.C.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.A.C.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (H.C.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.A.C.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Roy Wai-Lun Tang
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (H.C.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.A.C.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Hung Chun Lee
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (H.C.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.A.C.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Ho Hin Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.A.C.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Sheyne S. A. Choi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.A.C.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Tina Ting-Xia Dong
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (H.C.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.A.C.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Ka Wing Leung
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (H.C.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.A.C.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Sarah E. Webb
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.A.C.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Andrew L. Miller
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.A.C.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (X.W.); (R.W.-L.T.); (H.C.L.); (T.T.-X.D.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.A.C.); (S.E.W.); (A.L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2358-7332
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xue X, Deng F, Ge Z, Meng J, Liu X, Zhao Y, Hu Y, Ling X. Conductive polymer sorbent for extraction and determination of resveratrol and polydatin in Polygonum cuspidatum root samples. Phytochem Anal 2022; 33:590-598. [PMID: 35098595 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The quantitative analysis of trace resveratrol and polydatin in plant tissues is suitable for elucidation of the compounds' mechanisms of action. OBJECTIVES The main objective of this work was to develop a feasible and effective sample pretreatment method to measure the concentrations of resveratrol and polydatin in complex samples. METHODOLOGY A polymer sorbent, poly(2-mercaptobenzimidazole), was electrochemically prepared and utilized for selective extraction, while resveratrol and polydatin were used as target analytes. The sorbent was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After extraction and elution, the analytes were analyzed by a Thermo U3000 HPLC system. Several affecting parameters, including the volume of elution solution, sample pH value, sample flow rate and sample volume, were evaluated and optimized. RESULTS The proposed method showed good linearity with low limits of detection (from 0.5 to 0.8 ng·mL-1 ) and ideal accuracy with spiked recoveries from 81.30% to 99.16%. A good enrichment factor (more than 200-fold) together with good sensitivity was obtained with this method. Analysis of resveratrol and polydatin in Polygonum cuspidatum samples by this method is efficient. CONCLUSION The method developed in this work exhibits several significant merits, including easy operation and high extraction efficiency, indicating that electrochemically prepared polymer sorbent is useful for sample pretreatment and analysis of traditional Chinese medicine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhenkai Ge
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Shiyan, China
| | - Jingwen Meng
- Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Medicinal Plants, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiya Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Key Technology for the Industrialization of Wudang Local Medicinal Material, Shiyan, China
| | - Yongheng Zhao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Key Technology for the Industrialization of Wudang Local Medicinal Material, Shiyan, China
| | - Yanggen Hu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Key Technology for the Industrialization of Wudang Local Medicinal Material, Shiyan, China
| | - Xu Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Shiyan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu M, Yang S, Liu G, Gu C, Ren P, Zhao R, Zhao Y, Xing Y, Liu L, Liang J. Treating unstable angina with detoxifying and blood-activating formulae: A randomized controlled trial. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 281:114530. [PMID: 34416295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Detoxifying and blood-activating Chinese medicine granule formula, which includes 15 g of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonum cuspidatum) and 10 g of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge (Hawthorn), can relieve the symptoms and serve as supplementary treatment for unstable angina. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the role of detoxifying and blood-activating formulae in the treatment of unstable angina and the potential mechanism involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 144 participants with unstable angina were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups were treated with standardized Western medicine; the experimental group was additionally treated with detoxifying and blood-activating Chinese medicine granules, which included 15 g of P. cuspidatum and 10 g of C. pinnatifida for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the frequency of weekly angina pectoris attacks before and after treatment. The secondary endpoints, also observed before and after treatment, included blood glucose, blood lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and adiponectin levels, as well as the ratio of pro/anti-inflammatory factors and evaluation scales of symptoms and syndromes in Chinese and Western medicine. RESULTS In both experimental and control groups, the frequency of weekly angina pectoris attacks was lower after treatment (P < 0.01), but with no significant intergroup difference (P = 0.10). After intervention, the hs-CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels decreased, while the IL-10 and adiponectin levels significantly increased in the experimental group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The ratios of the inflammatory factors significantly decreased after treatment, particularly in the experimental group (P < 0.01). Symptoms and syndromes were also ameliorated in the experimental group (P < 0.01), showing a significant difference from the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Detoxifying and blood-activating formulae can reduce the frequency and relieve symptoms of unstable angina, and this mechanism may be related to a regulation of the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guijian Liu
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chun Gu
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Ren
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ran Zhao
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Yixi Zhao
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Longtao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Longfu Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Holden CA, Morais CLM, Taylor JE, Martin FL, Beckett P, McAinsh M. Regional differences in clonal Japanese knotweed revealed by chemometrics-linked attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:522. [PMID: 34753418 PMCID: PMC8579538 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese knotweed (R. japonica var japonica) is one of the world's 100 worst invasive species, causing crop losses, damage to infrastructure, and erosion of ecosystem services. In the UK, this species is an all-female clone, which spreads by vegetative reproduction. Despite this genetic continuity, Japanese knotweed can colonise a wide variety of environmental habitats. However, little is known about the phenotypic plasticity responsible for the ability of Japanese knotweed to invade and thrive in such diverse habitats. We have used attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, in which the spectral fingerprint generated allows subtle differences in composition to be clearly visualized, to examine regional differences in clonal Japanese knotweed. RESULTS We have shown distinct differences in the spectral fingerprint region (1800-900 cm- 1) of Japanese knotweed from three different regions in the UK that were sufficient to successfully identify plants from different geographical regions with high accuracy using support vector machine (SVM) chemometrics. CONCLUSIONS These differences were not correlated with environmental variations between regions, raising the possibility that epigenetic modifications may contribute to the phenotypic plasticity responsible for the ability of R. japonica to invade and thrive in such diverse habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Holden
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Camilo L M Morais
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Jane E Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | - Martin McAinsh
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Zhao S, Wang C, Du W, Sun H, Sun W, Jin Y, Zuo G, Tong S. Orthogonality in the selection of biphasic solvent systems for off-line two-dimensional countercurrent chromatography from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461666. [PMID: 33197846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Off-line two-dimensional countercurrent chromatography has been widely applied to the isolation of complex samples, but little research on the investigation of orthogonality in the selection of biphasic solvent systems is available. In the present work, the orthogonality in the selection of a biphasic solvent system for liquid-liquid chromatographic separation of aqueous extract and ether extract from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc was evaluated by the correlation coefficient and space occupancy rate. In total, 25 different biphasic solvent systems were tested, and 313 system combinations were analysed. A convex hull methodology was used to determine the separation space and to optimize separation conditions. The correlation coefficient matrix was transformed into dendrograms and a colour map to visualize the dissimilarity between, and orthogonality for, all solvent systems. The aqueous extracts from Polygonum cuspidatum were separated using selected biphasic solvent systems with high orthogonality: ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (70:1:70, v/v) and petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-water (1:5:5, v/v). The ether extracts from Polygonum cuspidatum were also separated using selected biphasic solvent systems with high orthogonality: petroleum-ethyl acetate-methanol-aqueous 0.25 M NH3•H2O (5:5:5:5, v/v) and petroleum-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (5:5:5:5, v/v). Thirteen compounds were successfully obtained. The experimental results demonstrated that the evaluation of orthogonality provided an alternative strategy to select an applicable solvent system for the separation of complex samples using off-line two-dimensional countercurrent chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wei Du
- Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hengmian Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yang Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Guanglei Zuo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang D, Zeng J, Xiang W, Yin M, Zhong G, Xia Z. Online coupling of the Ussing chamber, solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for screening and analysis of active constituents of traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460480. [PMID: 31530382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A semi-automated online platform was established successfully for preliminary screening of potential active flavonoids of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in multicomponent system. Online coupling of the in vitro intestinal absorption model, solid phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was actualized at the first time. The Ussing chamber model was selected to absorb the constituents of TCMs. A mini chromatographic column filled with C18 was used as a SPE column for online enrichment of flavonoids. HPLC was applied to analyze the constituents screened by platform. With the use of rutin as a model flavonoid, the specifications of SPE column, eluting solvent, elution time and flow rate of eluent were systematically investigated to optimize online system. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of rutin was 0.125-368 µg/mL with the correlation coefficient (R2) greater than 0.9947. The limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 0.0500 µg/mL and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.125 µg/mL. The intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) and inter-day RSD was 2.5% and 3.8%, respectively. The recoveries of rutin in the intestinal absorption samples ranged from 93.2% to 94.0%. Finally, the online system was applied to screen the potential active flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huangqin, HQ) and Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix (Huzhang, HZ). A total of 14 flavonoids of these two TCMs were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and 12 flavonoids of them were screened as the potential active components by online Ussing chamber-SPE-HPLC. In comparison with offline method and gavage in rats, the online system can screen the active constituents from TCMs more accurately and completely. The results demonstrated that the online system was reliable and sufficiently accurate for screening and determination of the potential active flavonoids of TCMs in multicomponent system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jinxiang Zeng
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Manni Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Guoyue Zhong
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Park B, Jo K, Lee TG, Hyun SW, Kim JS, Kim CS. Polydatin Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome in Dry Eye Disease by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inhibiting the NF-κB Pathway. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2792. [PMID: 31731792 PMCID: PMC6893769 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydatin (also named pieceid, (E)-piceid, (E)-polydatin, trans-polydatin, or 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene-3-b-D-glucoside) is a monocrystalline compound isolated from the root and rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonaceae). A previous study showed that polydatin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of polydatin in dry eye disease (DED) has not been elucidated. DED rat models were induced by exorbital lacrimal gland-excision. In vivo, the present study showed that the excision of lacrimal glands induced changes such as reduced tear fluid, severe corneal irregularity, damage, tear film break, and goblet cell loss as well as increased inflammation cytokine and NLRP3 expression in conjunctival tissue. However, these changes were restored by polydatin eye dropping. In vitro, polydatin inhibited hyperosmolar stress-induced inflammation through attenuation of the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus and the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MMP9. In addition, the hyperosmolar stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and ROS production were inhibited by polydatin. Our findings provided insight into the effect of polydatin as a candidate reagent for the treatment of DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bongkyun Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (B.P.); (T.G.L.)
| | - Kyuhyung Jo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (K.J.); (S.-W.H.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Tae Gu Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (B.P.); (T.G.L.)
| | - Soo-Wang Hyun
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (K.J.); (S.-W.H.); (J.S.K.)
- Medicinal Evaluation Team, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator (GBSA), Suwon 16229, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (K.J.); (S.-W.H.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Chan-Sik Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (B.P.); (T.G.L.)
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao XJ, Chen L, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Yang YZ, Sun Y, Jiao RQ, Kong LD. Polygonum cuspidatum extract attenuates fructose-induced liver lipid accumulation through inhibiting Keap1 and activating Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Phytomedicine 2019; 63:152986. [PMID: 31310912 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygonum cuspidatum has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat liver disorders associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid accumulation for centuries in patients. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine whether P. cuspidatum extract (PCE) prevented against fructose-induced liver lipid accumulation via regulating Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. METHOD PCE was administered orally to male Sprague-Dawley rats given 10% fructose drinking water for 6 weeks at 80 and 160 mg/kg once daily for 11 weeks. RESULTS PCE significantly alleviated liver lipid accumulation in fructose-fed rats with metabolic syndrome. It also inhibited Keap1, activated Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, resulting in the suppression of oxidative stress, evidenced by reducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxy radical (OH•) levels, and increasing glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio as well as superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in the liver of fructose-fed rats. Additionally, PCE up-regulated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), and down-regulated sterol regulatory element binging protein 1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) in this animal model, being consistent with its reduction of triglyceride (TG) levels. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that PCE reduces oxidative stress, and prevent lipid accumulation in the liver of fructose-fed rats possibly by targeting the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. PCE may be a promising therapeutic strategy for fructose-associated liver lipid accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yan-Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Rui-Qing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barbieri G, Bergamaschi M, Saccani G, Caruso G, Santangelo A, Tulumello R, Vibhute B, Barbieri G. Processed Meat and Polyphenols: Opportunities, Advantages, and Difficulties. J AOAC Int 2019; 102:1401-1406. [PMID: 31200789 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.19-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, processed meats appear increasingly as a nonhealthy food because of their content of fat, salt, nitrite, and particularly in red meat, for the heme-iron concerning oxidant effect and radicals formation in human gut. Polygonum cuspidatum and rosemary extract has been tested to counteract these effects and experiments were carried out to add polyphenols into whole meat cuts with the aims to improve their healthiness. The addition of these extracts can reduce the oxidation-reduction potential of products, increasing the antioxidant power. Nevertheless, a low percentage of polyphenols were found in the products because of the process effects and an interaction with the ascorbate residue was observed. In addition, some drawbacks were a decrease in of yield and a worsening of some sensorial properties when large amount of extract was added. The balance between the improvement of the wholesomeness content and the acceptability of products is the challenge the current research have to overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Barbieri
- Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry (SSICA), Viale Tanara, 31/a, Parma 43121, Italy
| | - Monica Bergamaschi
- Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry (SSICA), Viale Tanara, 31/a, Parma 43121, Italy
| | - Giovanna Saccani
- Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry (SSICA), Viale Tanara, 31/a, Parma 43121, Italy
| | - Giorgia Caruso
- Enbiotech S.r.l., Via Quarto dei Mille, 6, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | | | - Rita Tulumello
- Consulting & Global Service s.a.s., Via La Pera 9, Serradifalco 93010, Italy
| | - Bhalchandra Vibhute
- RK University, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bhavnagar Highway, Kasturbadham, Rajkot, Gujarat State 360020, India
| | - Germana Barbieri
- Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry (SSICA), Viale Tanara, 31/a, Parma 43121, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yoo JM, Park KI, Yang JH, Cho WK, Lee B, Ma JY. Anti-allergic actions of F-PASA, a novel herbal cocktail, in IgE/antigen-mediated allergic responses in RBL-2H3 cells and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice. Phytomedicine 2019; 55:229-237. [PMID: 30668433 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-inflammatory actions of Polygonum cuspidatum, Angelica gigas, Sophora flavescens and Arctium fruit are well known. Nonetheless, effects of herbal combination (PASA) or its fermentation by microorganisms (F-PASA) on the allergic response remain unknown. PURPOSE We investigated whether PASA or F-PASA could inhibit IgE/antigen complex (IgE/Ag)-mediated allergic responses. METHODS To evaluate and compare anti-allergic actions of PASA and F-PASA, we performed cell viability, β-hexosaminidase activity, ELISA assays for cytokines and eicosanoids, immunoblot analysis, HPLC analysis and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) models. RESULTS F-PASA had stronger anti-degranulation actions (IC50, 510.9 µg/ml) than PASA (IC50, 1,261 µg/ml) without cytotoxicity until 2000 µg/ml in IgE/Ag-activated RBL-2H3 cells. Additionally, F-PASA inhibited formation of tumor necrosis factor-α (IC50, 147.4 µg/ml), interleukin-4 (IC50, 213.4 µg/ml), prostaglandin D2 (IC50, 42.40 µg/ml) and leukotriene C4 (IC50, 157.9 µg/ml). Moreover, F-PASA dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylation and expression of proteins that are related to the FcεRI and arachidonate cascades. Consistent with in vitro studies, F-PASA from 25 to 100 mg/kg also suppressed IgE/Ag-induced PCA reaction more than PASA did in mice. In phytochemical analysis, using PASA and F-PASA, F-PASA showed a higher level of emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, whereas the level of arctiin, an artigenin glycoside, was reduced compared with that using PASA. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that F-PASA, including both artigenin and emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, possesses stronger anti-allergic properties. Therefore, F-PASA may be useful as a functional food or as a phytomedicine for allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Hye Yang
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyoung Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu L, Cao K, Ni Z, Wang S, Li W, Liu X, Chen Z. Rhein reverses doxorubicin resistance in SMMC-7721 liver cancer cells by inhibiting energy metabolism and inducing mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Biofactors 2019; 45:85-96. [PMID: 30496631 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rhein, a monomeric anthraquinone obtained from the plant herb species Polygonum multiflorum and P. cuspidatum, has been proposed to have anticancer activity. This activity has been suggested to be associated with mitochondrial injury due to the induction of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. In this study, the effects of 5-80 μM rhein on cell viability, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 value), resistance index, and apoptosis were assessed in the liver cancer cell lines SMMC-7721 and SMMC-7721/DOX (doxorubicin-resistant cells). Rhein (10-80 μM) significantly reduced the viability of both cell lines; 20 μM rhein significantly increased sensitivity to DOX and increased apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells, but reversed resistance to DOX by 7.24-fold in SMMC-7721/DOX cells. Treatment with rhein increased accumulation of DOX in SMMC-7721/DOX cells, inhibited mitochondrial energy metabolism, decreased cellular ATP, and ADP levels, and altered the ratio of ATP to ADP. These effects may result from the binding of rhein with voltage-dependent ion channels (VDACs), adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), and cyclophilin D, affecting their function and leading to the inhibition of ATP transport by VDACs and ANT. ATP synthesis was greatly reduced and mitochondrial inner membrane potential decreased. Together, these results indicate that rhein could reverse drug resistance in SMMC-7721/DOX cells by inhibiting energy metabolism and inducing mPTP opening. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(1):85-96, 2019.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adenosine Triphosphate/biosynthesis
- Anthraquinones/isolation & purification
- Anthraquinones/pharmacology
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cyclophilins/genetics
- Cyclophilins/metabolism
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Combinations
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Synergism
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Fallopia japonica/chemistry
- Fallopia multiflora/chemistry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases/genetics
- Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/drug effects
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels/genetics
- Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihui Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaodong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Park B, Lee IS, Hyun SW, Jo K, Lee TG, Kim JS, Kim CS. The Protective Effect of Polygonum cuspidatum (PCE) Aqueous Extract in a Dry Eye Model. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1550. [PMID: 30347752 PMCID: PMC6212923 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eyes are caused by highly increased osmolarity of tear film, inflammation, and apoptosis of the ocular surface. In this study, we investigated the effect of Polygonum cuspidatum (PCE) aqueous extract in in vivo and in vitro dry eye models. Dry eye was induced by excision of the lacrimal gland and hyperosmotic media. In vivo, oral administration of PCE in exorbital lacrimal gland-excised rats recovered tear volume and Mucin4 (MUC4) expression by inhibiting corneal irregularity and expression of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro, hyperosmotic media induced human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) cytotoxicity though increased inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. PCE treatment significantly inhibited expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α), and activation of NF-κB p65 in hyperosmolar stress-induced HCECs. Hyperosmolarity-induced increase in Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) expression and activation of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase 3 were attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner by PCE. PCE treatment restored anti-oxidative proteins such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in hyperosmolar stress-induced HCECs. These data demonstrate that PCE prevents adverse changes in the ocular surface and tear fluid through inhibition of hyperosmolar stress-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidation, suggesting that PCE may have the potential to preserve eye health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bongkyun Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Ik Soo Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Soo-Wang Hyun
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Kyuhyung Jo
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Tae Gu Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Chan-Sik Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Monjo ALA, Pringle ES, Thornbury M, Duguay BA, Monro SMA, Hetu M, Knight D, Cameron CG, McFarland SA, McCormick C. Photodynamic Inactivation of Herpes Simplex Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100532. [PMID: 30274257 PMCID: PMC6213367 DOI: 10.3390/v10100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections can be treated with direct acting antivirals like acyclovir and foscarnet, but long-term use can lead to drug resistance, which motivates research into broadly-acting antivirals that can provide a greater genetic barrier to resistance. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) employs a photosensitizer, light, and oxygen to create a local burst of reactive oxygen species that inactivate microorganisms. The botanical plant extract OrthoquinTM is a powerful photosensitizer with antimicrobial properties. Here we report that Orthoquin also has antiviral properties. Photoactivated Orthoquin inhibited herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection of target cells in a dose-dependent manner across a broad range of sub-cytotoxic concentrations. HSV inactivation required direct contact between Orthoquin and the inoculum, whereas pre-treatment of target cells had no effect. Orthoquin did not cause appreciable damage to viral capsids or premature release of viral genomes, as measured by qPCR for the HSV-1 genome. By contrast, immunoblotting for HSV-1 antigens in purified virion preparations suggested that higher doses of Orthoquin had a physical impact on certain HSV-1 proteins that altered protein mobility or antigen detection. Orthoquin PDI also inhibited the non-enveloped adenovirus (AdV) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas Orthoquin-mediated inhibition of the enveloped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was light-independent. Together, these findings suggest that the broad antiviral effects of Orthoquin-mediated PDI may stem from damage to viral attachment proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L-A Monjo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Eric S Pringle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Mackenzie Thornbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, V-541 Pavillon Roger Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Brett A Duguay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Susan M A Monro
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada.
- Photodynamic, Inc., 1344 Summer Street, Halifax, NS B3H 0A8, Canada.
| | - Marc Hetu
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada.
- Photodynamic, Inc., 1344 Summer Street, Halifax, NS B3H 0A8, Canada.
| | - Danika Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Colin G Cameron
- Photodynamic, Inc., 1344 Summer Street, Halifax, NS B3H 0A8, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 301 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA.
| | - Sherri A McFarland
- Photodynamic, Inc., 1344 Summer Street, Halifax, NS B3H 0A8, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 301 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA.
| | - Craig McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu WH, Chan GKL, Lou JS, Wu QY, Wang HY, Duan R, Cheng MYT, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. The extract of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix suppresses the vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis. Phytomedicine 2018; 42:135-143. [PMID: 29655679 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix (PCRR; the root and rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc) is a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammation, hyperlipemia, favus, jaundice and scald. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The extract of PCRR inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis. The hypothesis is supported by analysis of PCRR extract and investigation of pharmacological role and signaling mechanism of PCRR extract in regulating angiogenic responses. STUDY DESIGN The PCRR ethanolic extract was examined for its inhibitory effects on angiogenesis based on VEGF-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells and in zebrafish model METHODS: The effects and signaling mechanism of a standardized ethanolic extract of PCRR were tested on cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in VEGF-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and which was further validated in zebrafish embryo model. RESULTS The treatment of PCRR extract in cultured endothelial cells inhibited VEGF-induced cell proliferation, cell migration and tube formation in a dose-dependent manner and also suppressed the formation of sub-intestinal vessels in zebrafish embryos. Moreover, the applied PCRR extract suppressed VEGF-induced phosphorylations of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and JNK. Thus, the site of effect triggered by PCRR was proposed to be mediated by VEGFR2. To further support this notion, the phosphorylations of Erk, Akt and eNOS, induced by VEGF, were markedly reduced under the challenge of PCRR extract: the reductions were subsequently further decreased in the present of inhibitors of Erk, Akt and eNOS. In parallel, the formation of ROS induced by VEGF in cultured endothelial cells was markedly reduced in the present of PCRR extract. CONCLUSION Collectively, our studies demonstrated the pharmacological role and signaling mechanism of PCRR in regulation of angiogenic responses, which supported further evaluation and development of PCRR as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of diseases related with angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hui Hu
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gallant Kar-Lun Chan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Ski, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Shu Lou
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi-Yun Wu
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huai-You Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Ski, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Ski, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Yu-Tung Cheng
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina Ting-Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Ski, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Ski, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao Y, Chen MX, Kongstad KT, Jäger AK, Staerk D. Potential of Polygonum cuspidatum Root as an Antidiabetic Food: Dual High-Resolution α-Glucosidase and PTP1B Inhibition Profiling Combined with HPLC-HRMS and NMR for Identification of Antidiabetic Constituents. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:4421-4427. [PMID: 28497962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes has fueled an intensified search for food and herbal remedies with preventive and/or therapeutic properties. Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. (Polygonaceae) is used as a functional food in Japan and South Korea, and it is also a well-known traditional antidiabetic herb used in China. In this study, dual high-resolution α-glucosidase and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition profiling was used for the identification of individual antidiabetic constituents directly from the crude ethyl acetate extract and fractions of P. cuspidatum. Subsequent preparative-scale HPLC was used to isolate a series of α-glucosidase inhibitors, which after HPLC-HRMS and NMR analysis were identified as procyanidin B2 3,3″-O-digallate (3) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (5) with IC50 values of 0.42 ± 0.02 and 0.48 ± 0.0004 μM, respectively, as well as a series of stilbene analogues with IC50 value in the range from 6.05 ± 0.05 to 116.10 ± 2.04 μM. In addition, (trans)-emodin-physcion bianthrone (15b) and (cis)-emodin-physcion bianthrone (15c) were identified as potent PTP1B inhibitors with IC50 values of 2.77 ± 1.23 and 7.29 ± 2.32 μM, respectively. These findings show that P. cuspidatum is a potential functional food for management of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Xiaoyong Chen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Thermann Kongstad
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Katharina Jäger
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Koneru M, Sahu BD, Gudem S, Kuncha M, Ravuri HG, Kumar JM, Kilari EK, Sistla R. Polydatin alleviates alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice: Relevance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and hepatic antioxidants. Phytomedicine 2017; 27:23-32. [PMID: 28314476 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol, a most commonly consumed beverage, is the foremost cause of liver injury throughout the world. Polydatin, a stilbenoid glucoside, was known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is being investigated for use in various disorders. PURPOSE The present study was intended at investigating the hepatoprotective efficacy of polydatin against acute-alcohol induced liver injury model in mice. STUDY DESIGN C57BL/6 mice were fed with five doses of 50% ethyl alcohol (10ml/kg body weight) to induce acute liver injury. Effect of polydatin against alcohol induced hepatic injury was investigated by giving 50 or 100mg/kg polydatin, orally, for 8 days. METHODS Serum markers of liver injury, morphology, histology and fibrosis of liver tissue, levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities in liver tissue were investigated. The activities and the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9), the expression of NF-κB in the liver tissue were also studied. RESULTS Polydatin pre-treatment significantly alleviated the alcohol induced hepatic injury by reducing the serum liver injury markers, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), attenuating oxidative stress and restoring antioxidant balance in the hepatic tissue. Simultaneously, polydatin pre-treatment also prevented alcohol induced mitochondrial damage and refurbished the matrix metalloproteinases levels of the hepatic tissue. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest that polydatin may have a potential benefit in preventing alcohol-induced acute hepatic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Koneru
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Sagarika Gudem
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Madhusudana Kuncha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Halley Gora Ravuri
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- Animal House Facility, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Eswar Kumar Kilari
- Department of Pharmacology, A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500 007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Glavnik V, Vovk I, Albreht A. High performance thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry of Japanese knotweed flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins on silica gel plates. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1482:97-108. [PMID: 28034505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
On-line elution based TLC-MS is now a well-established technique, but the quality of the data obtained can sometimes be hampered by a severe spectral background or by strong ion suppression, especially when silica gel plates are used in combination with an acidic modifier in the developing solvent. We solved this issue simply and efficiently using two pre-developments of the plates, firstly with methanol-formic acid (10:1, v/v) and secondly with acetonitrile-methanol (2:1, v/v). This solution resulted in significant improvement in the sensitivity of HPTLC-MS methods. The applicability of this approach was proven on analysis of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins in crude extracts of Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica Houtt.) rhizomes. Separations on HPTLC silica gel and HPTLC silica gel MS grade plates using developing solvents toluene-acetone-formic acid (3:3:1, 6:6:1, 3:6:1, v/v) and dichloromethane-acetone-formic acid (1:1:0.1, v/v) were followed by post-chromatographic derivatization with 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) detection reagent. Examination of the stability of the analytes on the start confirmed that the plates should be developed immediately after the application of standards and sample test solutions. In a five hours stability testing after development we discovered an unexpected phenomenon of enhanced absorption at 280nm. However, based on an experiment with post-chromatographic derivatization with DMACA detection reagent, the analytes were proven to be sufficiently stable in the time frame of an HPTLC-MS analysis. This was important for development of the first HPTLC-MS and HPTLC-MSn methods for identification of flavan-3-ols and B-type proanthocyanidins from monomers up to decamers. For the first time, based on this research methodology, trimers, trimer gallates, tetramer gallates, pentamers, pentamer gallates, hexamers, hexamer gallates, heptamers, octamers, nonamers and decamers were tentatively identified in Japanese knotweed rhizomes. Additionally, all developed HPTLC-MS methods have enabled simultaneous identification of stilbenes (resveratrol, piceatannol hexoside, piceid) and anthraquinones (emodin, emodin-O-hexoside, emodin-O-(acetyl)-hexoside and emodin-O-(6'-O-malonyl)-hexoside).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Glavnik
- Department of Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Vovk
- Department of Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Alen Albreht
- Department of Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Uddin Z, Song YH, Curtis-Long MJ, Kim JY, Yuk HJ, Park KH. Potent bacterial neuraminidase inhibitors, anthraquinone glucosides from Polygonum cuspidatum and their inhibitory mechanism. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 193:283-292. [PMID: 27553976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE P. cuspidatum is a popular Chinese medicinal herb, having a long history of usage in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of several inflammatory diseases in the form of powders and decoctions. Similarly there are many reports that P. cuspidatum has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, both of which are properties associated with compounds having activity against bacterial neuraminidase (BNA). AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated whether P. cuspidatum's metabolites exhibited BNA inhibition. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found several inhibitors from the methanol extract of this plant, and then fully characterized their inhibitory mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Activity guided separation of methanol extract led to isolation of individual constituents, and subsequently their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Detailed kinetic behaviors of BNA inhibitors were explored by showing the changes of Km and Vmax, the ratios of KI/KIS and Kik/Kiv, and fluorescence quenching effect. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This study attempted to isolate the responsible metabolites and elucidate the BNA inhibitory mechanism. The principal BNA inhibitory compounds (2-6) were identified as emodin (2), physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), emodin-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), and 2-methoxy-6-acetyl-7-methyljuglone (6). Unexpectedly, anthraquinone glucosides (3-5) were much more potent than their corresponding aglycones (1 and 2). For example, emodin (2) had an IC50=5.4μM, whereas its glucosides (4 and 5) had IC50=0.85μM and 0.43μM respectively. A similar trend was observed with physcion (1, IC50>200μM) and its glucoside (3, IC50=6.2μM). The anthraquinone (2) was mixed type I inhibitor, whereas its glucosides (4 and 5) were noncompetitive. In addition, the fluorescence quenching study showed that the affinity constants (KSV) of inhibitors increased in proportion to their inhibitory potencies. Furthermore, we quantified the major and minor metabolites through UPLC-PDA-Q-TOF/MS, and revealed that the most potent inhibitors were the major constituents. This result contributes to our understanding of P. cuspidatum utility as functional food stuff and widely used herbal medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zia Uddin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeong Hun Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Marcus J Curtis-Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
| | - Jeong Yoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heung Joo Yuk
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lin JA, Kuo CH, Chen BY, Li Y, Liu YC, Chen JH, Shieh CJ. A novel enzyme-assisted ultrasonic approach for highly efficient extraction of resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatum. Ultrason Sonochem 2016; 32:258-264. [PMID: 27150769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a promising multi-biofunctional phytochemical, which is abundant in Polygonum cuspidatum. Several methods for resveratrol extraction have been reported, while they often take a long extraction time accompanying with poor extraction yield. In this study, a novel enzyme-assisted ultrasonic approach for highly efficient extraction of resveratrol from P. cuspidatum was developed. According to results, the resveratrol yield significantly increased after glycosidases (Pectinex® or Viscozyme®) were applied in the process of extraction, and better extraction efficacy was found in the Pectinex®-assisted extraction compared to Viscozyme®-assisted extraction. Following, a 5-level-4-factor central composite rotatable design with response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) was selected to model and optimize the Pectinex®-assisted ultrasonic extraction. Based on the coefficient of determination (R(2)) calculated from the design data, ANN model displayed much more accurate in data fitting as compared to RSM model. The optimum conditions for the extraction determined by ANN model were substrate concentration of 5%, acoustic power of 150W, pH of 5.4, temperature of 55°C, the ratio of enzyme to substrate of 3950 polygalacturonase units (PGNU)/g of P. cuspidatum, and reaction time of 5h, which can lead to a significantly high resveratrol yield of 11.88mg/g.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jer-An Lin
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kuo
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, 142 Haijhuan Road, Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ying Li
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chwen-Jen Shieh
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang C, Yang S, Lu H, You H, Ni M, Shan W, Lin T, Gao X, Chen H, Zhou Q, Xue Y. A Natural Product from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. Et Zucc. Promotes Tat-Dependent HIV Latency Reversal through Triggering P-TEFb's Release from 7SK snRNP. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142739. [PMID: 26569506 PMCID: PMC4646521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The latent reservoirs of HIV represent a major impediment to eradication of HIV/AIDS. To overcome this problem, agents that can activate latent HIV proviruses have been actively sought after, as they can potentially be used in combination with the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to eliminate the latent reservoirs. Although several chemical compounds have been shown to activate latency, they are of limited use due to high toxicity and poor clinical outcomes. In an attempt to identify natural products as effective latency activators from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs that have long been widely used in human population, we have isolated procyanidin C-13,3',3"-tri-O-gallate (named as REJ-C1G3) from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc., that can activate HIV in latently infected Jurkat T cells. REJ-C1G3 preferentially stimulates HIV transcription in a process that depends on the viral encoded Tat protein and acts synergistically with prostratin (an activator of the NF-κB pathway) or JQ1 (an inhibitor of Brd4) to activate HIV latency. Our mechanistic analyses further show that REJ-C1G3 accomplishes these tasks by inducing the release of P-TEFb, a host cofactor essential for Tat-activation of HIV transcription, from the cellular P-TEFb reservoir 7SK snRNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shuiyuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huasong Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Hongchao You
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Man Ni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjun Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ting Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Yuhua Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang HL, Gao JP, Han YL, Xu X, Wu R, Gao Y, Cui XH. Comparative studies of polydatin and resveratrol on mutual transformation and antioxidative effect in vivo. Phytomedicine 2015; 22:553-559. [PMID: 25981921 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polydatin and resveratrol are extractives of radix or rhizoma of Polygonum cuspidatum, and as the glycoside forms, it is a natural precursor of resveratrol. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to explore the mutual transformation between polydatin and resveratrol in rats, and to compare the antioxidative effect of them in vivo. STUDY DESIGN In this study, we analyzed the serum molar concentration of polydatin and resveratrol after oral administration in rats and evaluated the anti-oxidative stress effects of them using a mouse model. METHODS Rats were orally administered polydatin or resveratrol and the concentration of them in serum were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their antioxidative effect was compared in mice with oxidative stress cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin (DOX). RESULTS The results showed that polydatin and resveratrol could mutually transform in vivo, the molar concentration of polydatin in serum was always averagely 3.35 and 4.28 times as much as resveratrol after oral administration of polydatin and resveratrol at 200 mg/kg, respectively. Both polydatin and resveratrol could significantly decrease the content of malonydialdehyde (MDA), promote the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in plasma, and increase the content of glutathione (GSH) in myocardial tissue. The effect of polydatin surpassed resveratrol, particularly embodied in increasing the activities of T-SOD and CAT, and the content of GSH. CONCLUSION It illustrates that polydatin is the main substance in serum after intragastric administration with polydatin or resveratrol, and the mutual transformation between polydatin and resveratrol keeps balance; they both have the ability of antioxidative stress in vivo, and polydatin has a better effect than resveratrol, which hints that polydatin may be a substitute for resveratrol in antioxidant for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yu-Liang Han
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Xu Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Murai Y, Setoguchi H, Kitajima J, Iwashina T. Altitudinal variation of flavonoid content in the leaves of Fallopia japonica and the needles of Larix kaempferi on Mt. Fuji. Nat Prod Commun 2015; 10:407-411. [PMID: 25924516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B radiation is harmful to plants, and its intensity increases at altitude. So plants growing at high altitude possess UV protection systems. Flavonoid is known as a major UV protectant because it absorbs UV radiation and scavenges UV-induced free radicals in plant tissues. Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) grow at a wide range of altitudes on Mt. Fuji, the highest mountain in Japan, while the two plants harbor a homogeneous genetic structure. In the present study, a total of 14 flavonol 3-O-glycosides were isolated from both species. Furthermore, quantitative HPLC analyses revealed that flavonoid levels in the leaves of F. japonica and the needles of L. kaempferi increased with increasing altitude of their growing sites. The altitudinal trend of UV-absorbing antioxidants of herbal and woody plants was simultaneously revealed for the first time. These results suggest that both species have chemically acclimatized to high altitude regions, in which severe environmental conditions such as higher UV radiation exist.
Collapse
|
25
|
Chueh FS, Lin JJ, Lin JP, Yu FS, Lin JH, Ma YS, Huang YP, Lien JC, Chung JG. Crude extract of Polygonum cuspidatum promotes immune responses in leukemic mice through enhancing phagocytosis of macrophage and natural killer cell activities in vivo. In Vivo 2015; 29:255-261. [PMID: 25792654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum cuspidatum is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of various diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether the crude extract of Polygonum cuspidatum (CEPC) could affect immune responses of murine leukemia cells in vivo. Normal BALB/c mice were i.p. injected with WEHI-3 cells to generate leukemic mice and then were treated orally with CEPC at 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for three weeks. Animals were weighed and blood, liver, spleen samples were collected for further analyses. Results indicated that CEPC did not significantly affect the body and liver weight of animals, but reduced the weight of spleen when compared to control groups. Flow cytometric assay demonstrated that CEPC increased the percentage of CD3- (T-cell marker) and CD19- (B-cell marker) positive cells, but reduced that of CD11b-positive ones (monocytes). However, it did not significantly affect the proportion of Mac-3-positive cells (macrophages), compared to control groups. Results indicated that CEPC promoted phagocytosis by macrophages from blood samples at all examined doses but did not affect that of macrophages from the peritoneal cavity. CEPC also promoted natural killer cell activity of splenocytes at 200 mg/kg of CEPC. CEPC promoted B-cell proliferation at 200 mg/kg treatment when cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides but did not promote T-cell proliferation at three doses of CEPC treatment on concanavalin A stimulation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Fallopia japonica/chemistry
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukemia, Experimental
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Jyh Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Pin Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ju-Hwa Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu F, Li FS, Feng ZM, Yang YN, Jiang JS, Li L, Zhang PC. Neuroprotective naphthalene and flavan derivatives from Polygonum cuspidatum. Phytochemistry 2015; 110:150-159. [PMID: 25553583 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ten naphthalene derivatives including two unusual glycosides possessing a naphthalene-fused piceid via a [C8'-O-C6-C5-C7']-trans-dihydrofuran ring, two flavan derivatives, as well as sixteen known phenolic compounds, were isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum. The structures were determined by extensive NMR, MS, CD data, and chemical evidence. In the in vitro neuroprotective assays, at the concentration of 10 μM, five of these compounds exhibited significant effects against PC12 cells injured by rotenone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-ming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Monty A, Eugène M, Mahy G. Vegetative regeneration capacities of five ornamental plant invaders after shredding. Environ Manage 2015; 55:423-30. [PMID: 25387455 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-014-0398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation management often involves shredding to dispose of cut plant material or to destroy the vegetation itself. In the case of invasive plants, this can represent an environmental risk if the shredded material exhibits vegetative regeneration capacities. We tested the effect of shredding on aboveground and below-ground vegetative material of five ornamental widespread invaders in Western Europe that are likely to be managed by cutting and shredding techniques: Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush, Scrophulariaceae), Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed, Polygonaceae), Spiraea × billardii Hérincq (Billard's bridewort, Rosaceae), Solidago gigantea (giant goldenrod, Asteraceae), and Rhus typhina L. (staghorn sumac, Anacardiaceae). We looked at signs of vegetative regeneration and biomass production, and analyzed the data with respect to the season of plant cutting (spring vs summer), the type of plant material (aboveground vs below-ground), and the shredding treatment (shredded vs control). All species were capable of vegetative regeneration, especially the below-ground material. We found differences among species, but the regeneration potential was generally still present after shredding despite a reduction of growth rates. Although it should not be excluded in all cases (e.g., destruction of giant goldenrod and staghorn sumac aboveground material), the use of a shredder to destroy woody alien plant material cannot be considered as a general management option without significant environmental risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Monty
- Department Biosystem Engineering (BIOSE), Biodiversity and Landscape, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang SF, Sun YS, Wang JH. [Optimization of ionic liquid based microwave assisted extraction of five anthraquinones from Polygonum cuspidatum by response surface method]. Zhong Yao Cai 2014; 37:871-875. [PMID: 25335296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ionic liquid based microwave-assisted extraction (ILMAE) was developed for the effective extraction of five anthraquinones namely aloeemodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion from Polygonum cuspidatum. METHODS Experimental factors and levels were firstly selected by one-factor test. According to the central composite experimental design principle, the response surface methodology with three factors and five levels was adopted for comprehensive assessment by total extraction yield of five anthraquinones as a target. RESULTS The optimized parameters of MAE were: 0.6 mol/L [C8 MIM] Br, solvent to solid ratio of 40:1, power of 200 W, temperature of 31 degrees C and extraction time of 8 min. Under the optimal conditions, this approach gained total extraction yield of five anthraquinones 11.69 mg/g, while the predicted total extraction yield was 11.74 mg/g. CONCLUSION The research indicates ILMAE is an efficient, rapid, environment friendly and simple sample preparation technique to five anthraquinones from Polygonum cuspidatum.
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu LT, Zheng GJ, Zhang WG, Guo G, Wu M. [Clinical study on treatment of carotid atherosclerosis with extraction of polygoni cuspidati rhizoma et radix and crataegi fructus: a randomized controlled trial]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2014; 39:1115-1119. [PMID: 24956862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of detoxifying and blood circulation activating Chinese herb extraction of polygonum cuspidatum and hawthorn on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque integral and plaque stability related serum indexes of patients with carotid atherosclerosis. METHOD Sixty and four cases of carotid artery atherosclerosis patients were assigned randomly to 2 groups: detoxifying and blood circulation activating treatment group (treatment group, 32 cases) and control group (32 cases). Patients in treatment group were treated with capsules of extraction of polygonum cuspidatum and hawthorn, 1 pill po, bid (dosage of administration: polygonum cuspidatum extraction 5.33 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), hawthorn extraction 5.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)); patients in control group were treated with lovastatin 20 mg po, qd (dosage of administration: 0.33 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)). The course of treatment was six months. To observe changes of IMT, plaque integral, and detect the level of plaque stability related serum indexes such as Hs-CRP, MMP-1 and TIMP-1. RESULT After 6 months of treatment, in control group one patient quit the clinical trial because of liver dysfunction and one patient was rejected because of having not followed the therapeutic regimen. 32 cases in treatment group and 30 cases in control group were analyzed. The results showed that IMT and plaque integral of treatment group decreased significantly after the treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference compared with control grope. Serum Hs-CRP, MMP-1 and MMP-1/TIMP-1 decreased after the treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the treatment group was superior to control group in decreasing serum Hs-CRP (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Detoxifying and blood circulation activating Chinese herb extraction of polygonum cuspidatum and hawthorn has good effect of anti-atherosclerosis and promoting plaque stability. Its mechanism might be related with anti-inflammation and inhibiting degradation of extracellular matrix, and deserves further studies.
Collapse
|
30
|
Xiao HT, Qi XL, Liang Y, Lin CY, Wang X, Guan ZZ, Hao XY. Membrane permeability-guided identification of neuroprotective components from Polygonum cuspidatun. Pharm Biol 2014; 52:356-361. [PMID: 24143857 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.837078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb et Zucc. (Polygonaceae) possesses various pharmacological activities and has been widely using as one of the most popular and valuable Chinese herbal medicines in clinics. Its usage has increasingly attracted much of our attention and urges investigation on its bioactive components. OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid and valid approach for screening potential neuroprotective components from P. cuspidatum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Potential neuroprotective components from P. cuspidatum were screened utilizing liposome equilibrium dialysis followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Their neuroprotective effects on modulation of protein expression of α7 nAChR, α3 nAChR and synaptophysin (SPY) on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) were evaluated by means of Western blotting. RESULTS Two potential compounds, polydatin (C1) and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (C2), were detected and identified in our study. The biological tests showed that both compounds C1 and C2, respectively, at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.25 mg/mL significantly increased protein expression of α7 and α3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, C1 and C2 at 0.1 mg/mL significantly reversed the Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced decrease of α7 and α3 nAChRs protein expression in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, C2 at 0.1 mg/mL significantly increased protein expression of SPY in SH-SY5Y cells and Aβ1₁₋₄₂-induced SH-SY5Y cells whereas C1 did not provide any positive effects. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In conclusion, our approach utilizing liposome equilibrium dialysis combined with HPLC analysis and cell-based assays is a prompt and useful method for screening neuroprotective agents.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yiu CY, Chen SY, Yang TH, Chang CJ, Yeh DB, Chen YJ, Lin TP. Inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle by an ethyl acetate subfraction separated from Polygonum cuspidatum root and its major component, emodin. Molecules 2014; 19:1258-72. [PMID: 24448066 PMCID: PMC6271450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19011258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum cuspidatum is widely used as a medicinal herb in Asia. In this study, we examined the ethyl acetate subfraction F3 obtained from P. cuspidatum root and its major component, emodin, for their capacity to inhibit the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic cycle. The cell viability was determined by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] method. The expression of EBV lytic proteins was analyzed by immunoblot, indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometric assays. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to assess the EBV DNA replication and the transcription of lytic genes, including BRLF1 and BZLF1. Results showed that the F3 and its major component emodin inhibit the transcription of EBV immediate early genes, the expression of EBV lytic proteins, including Rta, Zta, and EA-D and reduces EBV DNA replication, showing that F3 and emodin are potentially useful as an anti-EBV drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Yiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ying Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hsiu Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Che-Jung Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Bor Yeh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Tsuey-Pin Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kuo CH, Chen BY, Liu YC, Chang CMJ, Deng TS, Chen JH, Shieh CJ. Optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Polygonum cuspidatum. Molecules 2013; 19:67-77. [PMID: 24362626 PMCID: PMC6271919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the phenolic compounds piceid, resveratrol and emodin were extracted from P. cuspidatum roots using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Multiple response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of these phenolic compounds. A three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to evaluate the effects of the operation parameters, including extraction temperature (30-70 °C), ethanol concentration (40%-80%), and ultrasonic power (90-150 W), on the extraction yields of piceid, resveratrol, and emodin. The statistical models built from multiple response surface methodology were developed for the estimation of the extraction yields of multi-phenolic components. Based on the model, the extraction yields of piceid, resveratrol, and emodin can be improved by controlling the extraction parameters. Under the optimum conditions, the extraction yields of piceid, resveratrol and emodin were 10.77 mg/g, 3.82 mg/g and 11.72 mg/g, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Kuo
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Fujian 354300, China; E-Mail:
| | - Bao-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yung-Chuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.L.); (C.-M.J.C.)
| | - Chieh-Ming J. Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.L.); (C.-M.J.C.)
| | - Tzu-Shing Deng
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chwen-Jen Shieh
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xie HC, Han HP, Chen Z, He JP. A study on the effect of resveratrol on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic mice. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2013; 11:209-212. [PMID: 24653579 PMCID: PMC3957267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The content of resveratrol is relatively high in Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc., and the resveratrol has the effect of blood vessel dilating, microcirculation improving, platelet aggregation inhibiting and anti-cancer. The objective of this paper was to study the effect of resveratrol on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through the establishment of an experimental mouse model of hyperlipidemia, the effect of resveratrol on change in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels in mouse serum were determined. RESULTS Resveratrol group can apparently reduce TC, TG, LDL-c and AI of hyperlipidemic mice in a dose effect manner. CONCLUSION We concluded that resveratrol can effectively reduce blood lipid levels of hyperlipidemic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-chun Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Environments and Resources in Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai-Normal University, 38 West Wusi Road, Xining, 810008 ; Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062
| | - Hong-Ping Han
- The Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Environments and Resources in Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai-Normal University, 38 West Wusi Road, Xining, 810008 ; Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062
| | - Zhi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Environments and Resources in Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai-Normal University, 38 West Wusi Road, Xining, 810008
| | - Jian-Ping He
- Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu Z, Wei F, Chen LJ, Xiong HR, Liu YY, Luo F, Hou W, Xiao H, Yang ZQ. In vitro and in vivo studies of the inhibitory effects of emodin isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum on Coxsakievirus B₄. Molecules 2013; 18:11842-58. [PMID: 24071990 PMCID: PMC6269740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181011842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective therapeutics for Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) infection underscores the importance of finding novel antiviral compounds. Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is one of the natural anthraquinone derivatives obtained from the root and rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum. In the present study, the possibility of using emodin as a potential antiviral to treat CVB4 infection was explored in vitro and in mice. Emodin reduced CVB4 entry and replication on Hep-2 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 12.06 μM and selectivity index (SI) of 5.08, respectively. The inhibitory effect of emodin for CVB4 entry and replication was further confirmed by a quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) assay. The results further showed that the mice orally treated with different dosages of emodin displayed a dose dependent increase of survival rate, body weight and prolonged mean time of death (MTD), accompanied by significantly decreased myocardial virus titers and pathologic scores/lesions. Moreover, emodin could inhibit CVB4-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated that emodin could be used as potential antiviral in the post-exposure prophylaxis for CVB4 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (F.W.); (L.-J.C.); (H.-R.X.); (Y.-Y.L.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (H.X.)
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (F.W.); (L.-J.C.); (H.-R.X.); (Y.-Y.L.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (H.X.)
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Liang-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (F.W.); (L.-J.C.); (H.-R.X.); (Y.-Y.L.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (H.X.)
| | - Hai-Rong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (F.W.); (L.-J.C.); (H.-R.X.); (Y.-Y.L.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (H.X.)
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (F.W.); (L.-J.C.); (H.-R.X.); (Y.-Y.L.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (H.X.)
| | - Fan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (F.W.); (L.-J.C.); (H.-R.X.); (Y.-Y.L.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (H.X.)
| | - Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (F.W.); (L.-J.C.); (H.-R.X.); (Y.-Y.L.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (H.X.)
| | - Hong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (F.W.); (L.-J.C.); (H.-R.X.); (Y.-Y.L.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (H.X.)
| | - Zhan-Qiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mails: (Z.L.); (F.W.); (L.-J.C.); (H.-R.X.); (Y.-Y.L.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (H.X.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-27-6875-9136; Fax: +86-27-6875-8766
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fan HT, Ding SL, Lin HS. [Pharmacological of Polygoni cuspidati rhizoma]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2013; 38:2545-2548. [PMID: 24228558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Through searching some domestic or abroad literatures of rhizoma polygoni cuspidati in recent years, the paper summarized its pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cardiovascular system protection, liver protection, anti tumor, improving immunity pharmacology and so on. These studies indicated Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma was a kind of drugs with exploiting and using value. [Key words]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Fan
- Oncology Department of Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of traditional Chinese medicine, Beijing 100053, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Peng W, Qin R, Li X, Zhou H. Botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and potential application of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc.: a review. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 148:729-45. [PMID: 23707210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonum cuspidatum), also known as Reynoutria japonica Houtt and Huzhang in China, is a traditional and popular Chinese medicinal herb. Polygonum cuspidatum with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects has been used for treatment of inflammation, favus, jaundice, scald, and hyperlipemia, etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present paper reviews the traditional applications as well as advances in botany, phytochemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of this plant. Finally, the tendency and perspective for future investigation of this plant are discussed, too. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of literature about Polygonum cuspidatum is carried out using resources including classic books about Chinese herbal medicine, and scientific databases including Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science and others. RESULTS Polygonum cuspidatum is widely distributed in the world and has been used as a traditional medicine for a long history in China. Over 67 compounds including quinones, stilbenes, flavonoids, counmarins and ligans have been isolated and identified from this plant. The root of this plant is used as the effective agent in pre-clinical and clinical practice for regulating lipids, anti-endotoxic shock, anti-infection and anti-inflammation, anti-cancer and other diseases in China and Japan. CONCLUSION As an important traditional Chinese medicine, Polygonum cuspidatum has been used for treatment of hyperlipemia, inflammation, infection and cancer, etc. Because there is no enough systemic data about the chemical constituents and their pharmacological effects or toxicities, it is important to investigate the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of this plant based on modern realization of diseases' pathophysiology. Drug target-guided and bioactivity-guided isolation and purification of the chemical constituents from this plant and subsequent evaluation of their pharmacologic effects will promote the development of new drug and make sure which chemical constituent or multiple ingredients contributes its pharmacological effects. Additionally, chemicals and their pharmacological effects of the other parts such as the aerial part of this plant should be exploited in order to avoid resource waste and find new chemical constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen H, Tuck T, Ji X, Zhou X, Kelly G, Cuerrier A, Zhang J. Quality assessment of Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) grown on Prince Edward Island as a source of resveratrol. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:6383-6392. [PMID: 23742076 DOI: 10.1021/jf4019239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica , also known as Polygonum cuspidatum) is a common invasive plant species on Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, whereas it has been used in Chinese medicine and more recently as a raw material for extracting resveratrol. This paper reports on the quantification of resveratrol, polydatin, emodin, and physcion in roots, stems, and leaves of Japanese knotweed samples from PEI and British Columbia (BC), Canada, and nine provinces of China, by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The results showed that the root contains a much higher level of resveratrol than the stem and leaf, and it is accumulated in its highest level in October. PEI-grown knotweed contains similar levels of resveratrol and polydatin compared to Chinese samples collected in the month of October, but the contents of the other anthraquinones (emodin and physcion) are different. As such, Japanese knotweed grown in PEI could be a commercially viable source of raw material for resveratrol production; however, caution has to be taken in harvesting the right plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaguo Chen
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li YJ, Li Q, Ma J, Chen QQ, Bi KS. Validation of HPLC method for the determination of polydatin in giant knotweed rhizome. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2013; 48:536-540. [PMID: 23833942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An HPLC method has been developed to determine polydatin in giant knotweed rhizome. In order to systematically validate the method, specificity, precision, linearity of reference solution and test solution, repeatability, reproducibility, accuracy, stability and robustness were measured. In the robustness test, a one-variable-at-a-time procedure was applied to evaluate the influence of slight variations in method factors, including the flow rate, the column temperature, the extraction time, and etc., on the assay result of polydatin. No significant differences were found when the process parameters changed during the experimental domain. And system suitability test limits were defined based on the robustness test. Results showed that the developed method was accurate, reproducible and robust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang RF, Wang M, An YN, Bai GB, Ma Q. [Evaluation of quality coherence of prepared slices of polygoni cuspidati rhizoma commercially available in China based on HPLC fingerprint]. Zhong Yao Cai 2013; 36:549-552. [PMID: 24133998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality coherence of the prepared slices of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma commercially available in China and provide a reference for their quality evaluation. METHODS The fingerprints were obtained using HPLC method, and analyzed with Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2004A Version) provided by Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. The experiment was carried out with an Agilent TC-C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) using acetonitrile-0.05% aqueous solution of phosphoric acid as mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, detection wavelength of 230 nm, and temperature of 25 degrees C. RESULTS The fingerprint for Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma was established. 21 common characteristic peaks were identified and the similarities of 24 batches of prepared slices of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma were between 0.882 - 0.988. CONCLUSION The quality of the prepared slices of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma commercially available in China is comparable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Feng Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bu XY, Dong AW, Guan QY, Wu F. [Fluorescence microscopy and HPLC assay for rapid detection of distribution and content of resveratrol in Polygonum cuspidatum]. Zhong Yao Cai 2012; 35:1909-1913. [PMID: 23705351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish fluorescence microscopy combined with HPLC method for rapid detection the distribution and content of resveratrol tissues in different growth stages of Polygonum cuspidatum. METHODS Used sequential experiment to design conditions of frozen and observe of the section by fluorescence microscopy; Resveratrol was extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and its content was detected by HPLC. RESULTS The results showed that frozen condition for concentration of gum Arabic was from 20% (dipping time was 5 - 6 h) to 40% (2 - 5 min), the freezer temperature was -5 degrees C, and the thickness was 15 microm. Resveratrol in polygonum cuspidatum was mainly accumulated in the organs, tissues and cells of fiber and cellulose, its content in rhizomes declined as the following sequence: spinal cord > xylem > phloem > periderm; Its content declined in organ as the following sequence: buds > rhizomes > ground stem > leaves; The content of resveratrol in root increased with age. CONCLUSION The results of fluorescence microscopic observation is in accordance with the HPLC results, indicating that the method is simple, fast and reliable, and provides a fast and reliable detection method for the determination of optimum harvesting period of Polygonum cuspidatum and acquisition of quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Bu
- Forest Products Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen BY, Kuo CH, Liu YC, Ye LY, Chen JH, Shieh CJ. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of the botanical dietary supplement resveratrol and other constituents of Polygonum cuspidatum. J Nat Prod 2012; 75:1810-1813. [PMID: 23075087 DOI: 10.1021/np300392n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Polygonum cuspidatum produce several phenolic compounds, including trans-resveratrol (1), trans-piceid (2), and emodin (3), and are a commercial source of the botanical dietary supplement 1. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology and conventional shaking extraction procedures were compared for the extraction of 1-3 from P. cuspidatum roots, using 50% ethanol as a food grade solvent. These compounds were extracted successfully, and their mass transfer coefficients were calculated by fitting the experimental results to a model derived from Fick's second law. The results indicated that ultrasonic-assisted extraction had higher mass transfer efficacies and extraction yields for 1-3 as compared with conventional shaking extraction. Under the extraction conditions used (extraction temperature 50 °C; ultrasonic power 150 W), yields of 3.5, 9.2, and 7.8 mg/g were obtained for 1-3, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen KT, Zhou WL, Liu JW, Zu M, He ZN, Du GH, Chen WW, Liu AL. [Active neuraminidase constituents of Polygonum cuspidatum against influenza A(H1N1) influenza virus]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2012; 37:3068-3073. [PMID: 23311155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To isolate and identify active neuraminidase constituents of Polygonum cuspidatum against influenza A (H1N1) influenza virus. METHOD On the basis of the bioassay-guided fractionation,such chromatographic methods as silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and HPLC were adopted to isolate active constituents of extracts from Polygonum cuspidatum, and their molecular structures were identifiied on the basis of their spectral data such as NMR and MS and physico-chemical properties. RESULT Seven compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of P. cuspidatum and identified as 2-methoxystypandrone (1), emodin (2), resveratrol (3), polydatin (4), emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), (E)-3, 5, 12-trihydroxystilbene-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside-2'-(3", 4", 5"-trihydroxybenzoate) (6) and catechin-3-O-gallate (7), respectively. Among them, the NA test showed that compounds 3, 6 and 7 had inhibitory effect against NAs activity, with IC50 values of 129.8, 44.8 and 21.3 micromol x L(-1), respectively. Moreover, the further CPE test showed compounds 6 and 7 had significant inhibitory effect against H1N influenza virus (EC50 = 5.9, 0.9 micromol x L(-1), respectively), with very low cytotoxicity to the host cells, their therapeutic selective index(SI) in MDCK cells ranged from 56 to 269. CONCLUSION The neuraminidase inhibitors against H1N1 anti-influenza virus isolated from extracts of P. cuspidatum on the basis of the bioassay-guided fractionation are significant in specifying their therapeutic material basis and drug R&D against influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kao-Tan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Medicinal Plant Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang H, Yu CH, Jiang YP, Peng C, He K, Tang JY, Xin HL. Protective effects of polydatin from Polygonum cuspidatum against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46574. [PMID: 23029551 PMCID: PMC3461010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydatin is one of main compounds in Polygonum cuspidatum, a plant with both medicinal and nutritional value. The possible hepatoprotective effects of polydatin on acute liver injury mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and the mechanisms involved were investigated. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (50 µl/kg) resulted in a significant increase in the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), also a marked enhancement in the expression of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclearfactor-kappa B (NF-κB). On the other hand, decreased glutathione (GSH) content and activities of glutathione transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were observed following CCl4 exposure. Nevertheless, all of these phenotypes were evidently reversed by preadministration of polydatin for 5 continuous days. The mRNA and protein expression levels of hepatic growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) were enhanced further by polydatin. These results suggest that polydatin protects mice against CCl4-induced liver injury through antioxidant stress and antiinflammatory effects. Polydatin may be an effective hepatoprotective agent and a promising candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress- and inflammation-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CP); (JYT); (HLX)
| | - Kun He
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yuan Tang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CP); (JYT); (HLX)
| | - Hai-Liang Xin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CP); (JYT); (HLX)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu J, Zhang Q, Chen K, Liu J, Kuang S, Chen W, Yu Q. Small-molecule STAT3 signaling pathway modulators from Polygonum cuspidatum. Planta Med 2012; 78:1568-1570. [PMID: 22855270 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1315121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Constitutively activated STAT3 plays a pivotal role in oncogenesis and metastasis in many human cancers, and STAT3 has been validated as a novel anticancer drug target. Thus, the identification of small molecules that modulate STAT3 activity could be of great therapeutic importance. The aim of this study was to isolate novel modulators of the STAT3 signaling pathway from the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum by bioassay-guided fractionation using a STAT3 reporter gene assay. 2-Methoxystypandrone (1), as well as three anthraquinones (2-4), were identified as major active components of P. cuspidatum. Compound 1 demonstrated a potent inhibitory effect on STAT3 activation and significantly inhibited cell proliferation of human breast cancer cells, especially those with constitutively activated STAT3 (IC₅₀ = 2.7-3.1 µM). The SAR analysis of quinone analogues suggested that the phenolic and carbonyl groups are the key structures contributing to their inhibitory activities against the STAT3 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Plants Resource from Lingnan, Research Center of Medicinal Plants Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lu Y, Li H, Lin M, Chen D. [Simultaneous determination of contents of five major bioactive components contained in Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix by microwave extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2012; 37:1994-1997. [PMID: 23019886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a microwave extraction and UPLC method for simultaneous determination of polydatin, resveratrol, anthraglycoside B, emodin and physicion contained in Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, in order to provide scientific basis for improving quality standards of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix. METHOD The test solutions were prepared in a MDS-8 closed microwave system at 160 degrees C with methanol as the solvent. The UPLC analysis was performed in a Waters Acquity UPLC system. A BEH C18 column (2. 1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) was adopted for gradient elution with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase. The temperature of column was 30 degrees C, and the detection wavelength was 226 nm. RESULT The five active components can be completely extracted in 10 minutes and separated completely in 12 minutes according to UPLC analysis, with a good linearity (r > or = 0. 999 6) within the linear ranges. The average recovery rate was 97.00%-103.7% with RSD < or = 2. 2%. Despite a large difference in content among tested components from Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, the total content of the five major constituents was relatiely stable (3.683 3%-7.1031%). CONCLUSION The microwave extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography method in simultaneous determination for contents of five major bioactive components contained in polygoni cuspidati rhizoma et radix is so rapid and highly reproducible that it can be used for quality control and assessment of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li RP, Wang ZZ, Sun MX, Hou XL, Sun Y, Deng ZF, Xiao K. Polydatin protects learning and memory impairments in a rat model of vascular dementia. Phytomedicine 2012; 19:677-681. [PMID: 22483554 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polydatin is one of the most common encountered stilbenes of nature and a key component of the Chinese herb Polygonum cuspidatum. This study is to investigate the effects of polydatin on learning and memory impairments induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats, as well as the potential mechanism. Both common carotid arteries and both vertebral arteries occlusion (four-vessel occlusion, 4-VO) induced severe cognitive deficits tested by water maze task, along with oxidative stress in hippocampus. Oral administration of polydatin for 30 days markedly attenuated cognitive deficits compared with the control (p < 0.05). Biochemical determination revealed that polydatin decreased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Additionally, polydatin effectively alleviated the injuries of cultured neurons induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). These results suggest that polydatin exhibit therapeutic potential for vascular dementia, which is most likely related, at least in part, to its anti-oxidant activity and the direct protection of neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ping Li
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sun YS, Yang SF, Wang JH, Liu ZB, Geng LH, Guo LL, Wang YH. [Analysis of head volatile constituents of Polyonum cuspidatum flower by HS-GC/MS]. Zhong Yao Cai 2012; 35:241-243. [PMID: 22822671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the floral volatiles of Polyonum cuspidatum flower. METHODS The floral volatiles of P. cuspidaturn flower were investigated by Headspace Sampler GC/MS. RESULTS 21 compounds were separated and determined from P. cuspidatumrn, which amounted to 99.29% of the total volatiles. 5 compounds including (E)-2-hyexenoic acid methyl ester, 1-phenyl-l-pentanone, (E)-4-hexenoic acid methyl ester, 3-hexenoic acid methyl ester, 2-methyl-6-methylene-1 and 7-octadien-3-one were the main constituents existed in P. cuspidatum flower, which amounted to 63.23% of the total volatiles. Organic ester compounds amounted to 52.09% of the total volatiles. Hexenoic acid methyl ester compounds were most, which amounted to 85.66% of the total organic ester compounds. In addition, the 1-phenyl-1-pentanone and acetophenone were 16.30% and 4.33%, which amounted to 20.63% of the total volatiles. CONCLUSION The result of this research provides a scientific method for the reasonable exploitation and utilization of P. cuspidatum flower.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-shi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pandit S, Kim HJ, Park SH, Jeon JG. Enhancement of fluoride activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilms by a substance separated from Polygonum cuspidatum. Biofouling 2012; 28:279-287. [PMID: 22435782 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.672646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum cuspidatum is a plant with spreading rhizomes and numerous reddish-brown stems that has been used in Korean folk medicine to improve oral hygiene. Nevertheless, there are no reports related to its possible effect on the virulence of dental biofilms. In this study, the ability of a fraction (F1) separated from P. cuspidatum, alone or in combination with fluoride, to disrupt virulence factors and the composition of Streptococcus mutans biofilms was examined. F1 was mainly composed of resveratrol, emodin and physcion (approximately 16.2%, 18.9% and 2.07% of the weight of F1, respectively). F1 showed inhibitory effects on acid production and F-ATPase activity of S. mutans in biofilms, and could enhance fluoride activity against acid production and acid tolerance of S. mutans in biofilms. When S. mutans biofilms were briefly treated with F1 (10 min, a total of five times), the biomass accumulation, water-insoluble polysaccharides and intracellular iodophilic polysaccharides were reduced. Furthermore, the fluoride activity against biomass accumulation was enhanced by F1. These results suggest that F1 may be useful in the control of dental biofilms and in improving the cariostatic properties of fluoride without increasing its exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Pandit
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Program, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Miao Q, Wang S, Miao S, Wang J, Xie Y, Yang Q. Cardioprotective effect of polydatin against ischemia/reperfusion injury: roles of protein kinase C and mito K(ATP) activation. Phytomedicine 2011; 19:8-12. [PMID: 21795031 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polydatin preconditioning (PPC) has been reported to be protective against brain and intestine ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R injury), but whether polydatin exerts cardioprotective effect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress plays an important role in the process of I/R. Elevation of oxidative agents and decline in anti-oxidant substance would promote I/R. Meanwhile, the activation of PKC signaling seems to mediate the cardioprotective effects of many drugs by alleviating Ca(2+) influx. In the present study, we reported for the first time that intravenous administration of polydatin before I/R significantly limited the infarct size, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage from the damaged myocardium after I/R. The activity of SOD and the content of MDA remarkably changed in the presence of polydatin as well. However, the cardiac function-preserving and myocardial enzymes leakage-limiting effects of polydatin vanished in the presence of PKC inhibitors and mito K(ATP) channel blockers. But there was not a significant change in the activity of SOD and MDA content. We therefore conclude that PPC exerts cardioprotective effect by the activation of PKC-K(ATP)-dependent signaling and the direct anti-oxidative stress mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle West Road, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shen MY, Liu YJ, Don MJ, Liu HY, Chen ZW, Mettling C, Corbeau P, Chiang CK, Jang YS, Li TH, Young P, Chang CLT, Lin YL, Yang WC. Combined phytochemistry and chemotaxis assays for identification and mechanistic analysis of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals in Fallopia japonica. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27480. [PMID: 22087325 PMCID: PMC3210798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants provide a rich source of lead compounds for a variety of diseases. A novel approach combining phytochemistry and chemotaxis assays was developed and used to identify and study the mechanisms of action of the active compounds in F. japonica, a medicinal herb traditionally used to treat inflammation. Based on a bioactivity-guided purification strategy, two anthranoids, emodin and physcion, were identified from F. japonica. Spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize its crude extract, fractions and phytochemicals. The crude extract, chloroform fraction, and anthranoids of F. japonica significantly inhibited CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis. Mechanistic studies showed that emodin and physcion inhibited chemotaxis via inactivating the MEK/ERK pathway. Moreover, the crude extract and emodin could prevent or treat type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. This study illustrates the applicability of a combinational approach for the study of anti-inflammatory medicine and shows the potential of F. japonica and its anthranoids for anti-inflammatory therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Shen
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jaw Don
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yueh Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zeng-Weng Chen
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Clément Mettling
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (CNRS UPR-1142), Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (CNRS UPR-1142), Montpellier, France
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Buddist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Song Jang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paul Young
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cicero L. T. Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CLTC); (YLL); (WCY)
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (CNRS UPR-1142), Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (CLTC); (YLL); (WCY)
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CLTC); (YLL); (WCY)
| |
Collapse
|