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Sweet cherries from Fundão possess antidiabetic potential and protect human erythrocytes against oxidative damage. Food Res Int 2017; 95:91-100. [PMID: 28395830 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cherries are one of the most appreciated summer fruits due to their attractive colour, sweet taste, high water content, low level of calories and composition in bioactive compounds which, in turn, are important to prevent some pathologies like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this work we evaluated the phenolic profile and biological potential of 5 varieties of sweet cherries from Fundão region (Portugal) (Saco, Sweetheart, Satin, Maring and Hedelfinger). A total of 23 phenolic compounds were identified by LC-DAD and distributed by the several classes: 6 anthocyanins, 1 hydroxybenzoic acid, 8 hydroxycinnamic acids, 3 flavan-3-ols and 5 flavonols. Maring revealed higher contents in anthocyanins, while Hedelfinger was the richest in non-coloured phenolics. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated against DPPH and nitric oxide radicals. Hedelfinger was the most active against DPPH• (IC50=12.1μg/mL) and Maring against nitric oxide (IC50=140.9μg/mL). Afterwards, antidiabetic capacity was evaluated through the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, pointing Hedelfinger as the most active (IC50=10.3μg/mL). The capacity of Saco extracts to inhibit the hemoglobin oxidation and the hemolysis of human erythrocytes was also evaluated. Both assays revealed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect (IC50=38.6μg/mL and IC50=73.0μg/mL, respectively). The results obtained in this study allow us to conclude that sweet cherries possess a great biological potential, and further investigation should be done to promote commercialization and encourage its use in food supplements and in new pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
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Orqueda ME, Rivas M, Zampini IC, Alberto MR, Torres S, Cuello S, Sayago J, Thomas-Valdes S, Jiménez-Aspee F, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Isla MI. Chemical and functional characterization of seed, pulp and skin powder from chilto (Solanum betaceum), an Argentine native fruit. Phenolic fractions affect key enzymes involved in metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress. Food Chem 2017; 216:70-9. [PMID: 27596394 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the nutritional and functional components of powder obtained by lyophilization of whole fruits, seeds, pulp and skin from chilto (Solanum betaceum Cav) cultivated in the ecoregion of Yungas, Argentina. The powders have low carbohydrate and sodium content and are a source of vitamin C, carotenoid, phenolics, potassium and fiber. The HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the fractions enriched in phenolics allowed the identification of 12 caffeic acid derivatives and related phenolics, 10 rosmarinic acid derivatives and 7 flavonoids. The polyphenols enriched extracts before and after simulated gastroduodenal digestion inhibited enzymes associated with metabolic syndrome, including α-glucosidase, amylase and lipase and exhibited antioxidant activity by different mechanisms. None of the analyzed fruit powders showed acute toxicity or genotoxicity. The powders from the three parts of S. betaceum fruit may be a potential functional food and the polyphenol enriched extract of seed and skin may have nutraceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Orqueda
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Química del NOA (INQUINOA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marisa Rivas
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Química del NOA (INQUINOA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Iris Catiana Zampini
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Química del NOA (INQUINOA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Rosa Alberto
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Química del NOA (INQUINOA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Torres
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Química del NOA (INQUINOA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Soledad Cuello
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Química del NOA (INQUINOA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jorge Sayago
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Química del NOA (INQUINOA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Samanta Thomas-Valdes
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Felipe Jiménez-Aspee
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - María Inés Isla
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Química del NOA (INQUINOA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Moualek I, Iratni Aiche G, Mestar Guechaoui N, Lahcene S, Houali K. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Arbutus unedo aqueous extract. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Rizza W, De Gara L, Antonelli Incalzi R, Pedone C. Prototypical versus contemporary Mediterranean Diet. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2016; 15:44-48. [PMID: 28531783 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To investigate the evolution of the Mediterranean Diet (MD) in a delimited area of Southern Italy, by comparing the diet adopted 60-70 years ago (Prototypical Mediterranean Diet, PMD) with the contemporary one (Contemporary Mediterranean Diet, CMD), and to verify to what extent they fitted the recommendations of the Italian and the USDA dietary guidelines. METHODS We recruited a total of 106 participants, divided in two groups. PMD group included 52 women aged >80 years, with a good cognitive function and full independence in basic and instrumental activities of daily living. CMD group included 20 men and 34 women aged 50-60 years. Food intake was assessed by administering the EPIC food frequency questionnaire to each participant, and an additional survey to the PMD subjects only. RESULTS Both PMD and CMD showed adequate intakes of macronutrients, although some deficiencies related to micronutrient requirements were evident. CMD showed a slightly greater use of animal products, processed and sugary foods, and higher intakes of simple sugars, animal proteins (49.6 vs 28.3 g/day), animal lipids (37.8 vs 20.1 g/day), saturated fats (25.0 vs 15.8 g/day) and cholesterol (305.0 vs 258.5 g/day). PMD showed many similarities to the original version of the MD in terms of macronutrients distribution and food choices. CONCLUSION The documented evolution of the dietary habits over a 70 years timespan suggests that nowadays Mediterranean regions adhere less strictly to the original MD, although nutrients intakes are adequate to LARN and USDA recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rizza
- Food Sciences and Human Nutrition Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.
| | - L De Gara
- Food Sciences and Human Nutrition Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.
| | - R Antonelli Incalzi
- Unit of Geriatrics, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Cittadella della Carità Foundation, Taranto, Italy.
| | - C Pedone
- Unit of Geriatrics, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.
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Delgado-Pelayo R, Gallardo-Guerrero L, Hornero-Méndez D. Carotenoid composition of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruits. Food Chem 2016; 199:165-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Nenadis N, Llorens L, Koufogianni A, Díaz L, Font J, Gonzalez JA, Verdaguer D. Interactive effects of UV radiation and reduced precipitation on the seasonal leaf phenolic content/composition and the antioxidant activity of naturally growing Arbutus unedo plants. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:435-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Khaskheli SG, Zheng W, Sheikh SA, Khaskheli AA, Liu Y, Soomro AH, Feng X, Sauer MB, Wang YF, Huang W. Characterization of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides and its antioxidant properties in fresh and pickled product. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:387-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bioactive Phytochemicals from Wild Arbutus unedo L. Berries from Different Locations in Portugal: Quantification of Lipophilic Components. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:14194-209. [PMID: 26110390 PMCID: PMC4490548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160614194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipophilic composition of wild Arbutus unedo L. berries, collected from six locations in Penacova (center of Portugal), as well as some general chemical parameters, namely total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was studied in detail to better understand its potential as a source of bioactive compounds. The chemical composition of the lipophilic extracts, focused on the fatty acids, triterpenoids, sterols, long chain aliphatic alcohols and tocopherols, was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of the dichloromethane extracts. The lipophilic extractives of the ripe A. unedo berries ranged from 0.72% to 1.66% (w/w of dry weight), and consisted mainly of triterpenoids, fatty acids and sterols. Minor amounts of long chain aliphatic alcohols and tocopherols were also identified. Forty-one compounds were identified and among these, ursolic acid, lupeol, α-amyrin, linoleic and α-linolenic acids, and β-sitosterol were highlighted as the major components. To the best of our knowledge the current research study provides the most detailed phytochemical repository for the lipophilic composition of A. unedo, and offers valuable information for future valuation and exploitation of these berries.
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Giampieri F, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Mazzoni L, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Gasparrini M, Gonzàlez-Paramàs AM, Santos-Buelga C, Quiles JL, Bompadre S, Mezzetti B, Battino M. An anthocyanin-rich strawberry extract protects against oxidative stress damage and improves mitochondrial functionality in human dermal fibroblasts exposed to an oxidizing agent. Food Funct 2015; 5:1939-48. [PMID: 24956972 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the protective effect of the Sveva strawberry polyphenol-rich extract on human dermal fibroblasts against AAPH-induced oxidative stress. The HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS analysis was used for evaluating the phenolic composition of the fruits. Sveva strawberry presented a high anthocyanin content (639.79 mg per kg fresh fruit), representing ∼86.08% of the total phenolic content, with Pg-3-glc as the most abundant representative (611.18 mg per kg fresh fruit). Only one ellagitannin (agrimoniin) was identified, while two quercetins, three kaempherol derivates, and three ellagic acid derivatives were detected and quantified. Strawberry pre-treatment (0.5 mg ml(-1)) markedly increased human dermal fibroblast viability, with a significant reduction of apoptotic and dead cells, and suppressed AAPH-induced ROS generation, after only 30 minutes of incubation with the oxidizing agent, and lipid peroxidation, against a range of AAPH concentrations tested. Notably, the strawberry extract also improved the mitochondrial functionality: the basal respiratory performance after treatment was ∼1.59-fold higher compared to control cells, while pre-treatment with strawberry extract before oxidative damage increased ∼2.70-fold compared to stressed cells. Our results confirm that the strawberry possesses antioxidant properties, and may be useful for the prevention of free radical-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60131, Ancona, Italy
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Ramirez JE, Zambrano R, Sepúlveda B, Kennelly EJ, Simirgiotis MJ. Anthocyanins and antioxidant capacities of six Chilean berries by HPLC-HR-ESI-ToF-MS. Food Chem 2014; 176:106-14. [PMID: 25624212 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The HPLC profiles of six fruits endemic of the VIII region of Chile were investigated using high resolution mass analysis (HR-ToF-ESI-MS). The anthocyanin fingerprints generated for the fruits were compared and the antioxidant capacities measured by the scavenging of the DPPH radical, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the superoxide anion scavenging activity assay (SA), and correlated with the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes (LP) and total content of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins measured by spectroscopic methods. Several anthocyanins were identified, including 3-O-glycosides derivatives of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin. Three phenolic acids (feruloyl-quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid) and five flavonols (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin, rutin, myricetin and isorhamnetin) were also identified. Calafate fruits showed the highest antioxidant activity. However, the highest LP activity was found for Chilean blueberries (>95%) followed by calafate fruits (91.27%) and luma (83.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier E Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Coloso S-N, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Ricardo Zambrano
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Coloso S-N, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Beatriz Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Campus Viña del Mar, Los Fresnos N 52, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Mario J Simirgiotis
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Coloso S-N, Antofagasta, Chile.
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Wyrepkowski CC, Costa DLMGD, Sinhorin AP, Vilegas W, De Grandis RA, Resende FA, Varanda EA, dos Santos LC. Characterization and quantification of the compounds of the ethanolic extract from Caesalpinia ferrea stem bark and evaluation of their mutagenic activity. Molecules 2014; 19:16039-57. [PMID: 25299821 PMCID: PMC6271747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caesalpinia ferrea Martius has traditionally been used in Brazil for many medicinal purposes, such as the treatment of bronchitis, diabetes and wounds. Despite its use as a medicinal plant, there is still no data regarding the genotoxic effect of the stem bark. This present work aims to assess the qualitative and quantitative profiles of the ethanolic extract from the stem bark of C. ferrea and to evaluate its mutagenic activity, using a Salmonella/microsome assay for this species. As a result, a total of twenty compounds were identified by Flow Injection Analysis Electrospray Ionization Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MSn) in the ethanolic extract from the stem bark of C. ferrea. Hydrolyzable tannins predominated, principally gallic acid derivatives. The HPLC-DAD method was developed for rapid quantification of six gallic acid compounds and ellagic acid derivatives. C. ferrea is widely used in Brazil, and the absence of any mutagenic effect in the Salmonella/microsome assay is important for pharmacological purposes and the safe use of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos César Wyrepkowski
- Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-900, Brazil
| | | | - Adilson Paulo Sinhorin
- Institute of Natural, Human, and Social Sciences, Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT), Sinop 78557-267, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Experimental Campus of São Vicente, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente 11350-000, Brazil
| | - Rone Aparecido De Grandis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Flavia Aparecida Resende
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida Varanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Campaner dos Santos
- Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-900, Brazil.
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Arbutus unedo L.: chemical and biological properties. Molecules 2014; 19:15799-823. [PMID: 25271425 PMCID: PMC6271735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191015799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbutus unedo L. (strawberry tree) has a circum-Mediterranean distribution, being found in western, central and southern Europe, north-eastern Africa (excluding Egypt and Libya) and the Canary Islands and western Asia. Fruits of the strawberry tree are generally used for preparing alcoholic drinks (wines, liqueurs and brandies), jams, jellies and marmalades, and less frequently eaten as fresh fruit, despite their pleasing appearance. An overview of the chemical composition of different parts of the plant, strawberry tree honey and strawberry tree brandy will be presented. The biological properties of the different parts of A. unedo and strawberry tree honey will be also overviewed.
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Cyboran S, Oszmiański J, Kleszczyńska H. Modification of the properties of biological membrane and its protection against oxidation by Actinidia arguta leaf extract. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 222:50-9. [PMID: 25199699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the polyphenol composition and biological activity of an extract from the leaves of kiwi. Antioxidant and hemolytic activity of the extract were examined, as well as its effect on the physical properties of the erythrocyte membrane such as osmotic resistance, membrane fluidity, and packing order of its hydrophilic area. Antioxidant activity of the extract was determined in relation to the erythrocyte membrane oxidized with free radicals induced by UVB and UVC radiation and the compound AAPH. Chromatographic, spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods were applied in the research. The obtained results showed that kiwi leaves are a rich source of polyphenolic substances, mainly catechins and their dimers, which do not induce red blood cell hemolysis but make them stronger and more resistant to changes in medium tonicity. Substances contained in the extract effectively protect erythrocyte membranes against oxidation induced by physicochemical factors, the effectiveness of the protection depending on the concentration and type of free radical inducer. In addition, the study showed that the kiwi extract increases fluidity of the erythrocyte membrane and causes an increase in packing disorder in the hydrophilic membrane area. The changes seem to be due to the presence of polyphenolic substances in the extract, mainly in the region of the polar heads of lipids, where they can form a barrier protecting the membrane against diffusion of free radicals to the membrane interior. The effects of the extract evidenced by the present research, in particular protection of the biological membrane against free radicals induced by physicochemical agents, make it a potential valuable food additive, to enrich it with polyphenolic compounds that inhibit lipid oxidation in food exposed to UVB radiation. Supplementing the organism with substances contained in kiwi leaves is expected to provide protection against many diseases that develop as a result of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Cyboran
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jan Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Halina Kleszczyńska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of grape skin anthocyanin (GSA). Molecules 2014; 19:9403-18. [PMID: 24995924 PMCID: PMC6271686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the anthocyanin rich extract of grape skin. Grape skin anthocyanin (GSA) neutralized free radicals in different test systems, such as 2,-2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, to form complexes with Fe2+ preventing 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced erythrocyte hemolysis and oxidative DNA damage. Moreover, GSA decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in isolated mitochondria thus inhibiting 2',-7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) oxidation. In an in vivo study, female BALB/c mice were administered GSA, at 12.5, 25, and 50 mg per kg per day orally for 30 consecutive days. Herein, we demonstrate that GSA administration significantly elevated the level of antioxidant enzymes in mice sera, livers, and brains. Furthermore, GSA inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the in vitro assay with an IC50 value of 363.61 µg/mL. Therefore, GSA could be an excellent source of antioxidants and its inhibition of cholinesterase is of interest with regard to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Flavonoid concentrations and bioactivity of flavonoid extracts from 19 species of ferns from China. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Feng S, Cheng H, Fu L, Ding C, Zhang L, Yang R, Zhou Y. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera leaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 68:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Guimarães R, Barros L, Calhelha RC, Carvalho AM, Queiroz MJRP, Ferreira ICFR. Bioactivity of different enriched phenolic extracts of wild fruits from Northeastern Portugal: a comparative study. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 69:37-42. [PMID: 24243401 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-013-0394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Arbutus unedo, Prunus spinosa, Rosa micrantha and Rosa canina are good sources of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins. These compounds have potent antioxidant properties, which have been related to anticancer activity. Herein, the in vitro antioxidant and antitumor properties of enriched phenolic extracts (non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds enriched extract- PE and anthocyanins enriched extract- AE) of the mentioned wild fruits were evaluated and compared. PE gave higher bioactive properties than the corresponding AE. It was observed a high capacity of A. unedo phenolic extract to inhibit lipid peroxidation in animal brain homogenates (EC50 = 7.21 μg/mL), as also a high antitumor potential against NCI-H460 human cell line (non-small lung cancer; GI50 = 37.68 μg/mL), which could be related to the presence of galloyl derivatives (exclusively found in this species). The bioactivity of the studied wild fruits proved to be more related to the phenolic compounds profile than to the amounts present in each extract, and could be considered in the design of new formulations of dietary supplements or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Guimarães
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, apartado 1172, 5301-854, Bragança, Portugal
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68
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Cao J, Xia X, Dai X, Wang Q, Xiao J. Chemical composition and bioactivities of flavonoids-rich extract from Davallia cylindrica Ching. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:571-9. [PMID: 24562055 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Cao
- Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Xian Xia
- Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Xiling Dai
- Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Quanxi Wang
- Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, PR China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds, Anhui Academy of Applied Technology, Suixi Road 312, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
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69
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Zhang J, Hou X, Ahmad H, Zhang H, Zhang L, Wang T. Assessment of free radicals scavenging activity of seven natural pigments and protective effects in AAPH-challenged chicken erythrocytes. Food Chem 2014; 145:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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70
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Luna LC, Pigni NB, Torras-Claveria L, Monferran MV, Maestri D, Wunderlin DA, Feresin GE, Bastida J, Tapia A. Ramorinoa girolae Speg (Fabaceae) seeds, an Argentinean traditional indigenous food: Nutrient composition and antioxidant activity. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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71
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Zeng WC, Zhang WC, Zhang WH, He Q, Shi B. The antioxidant activity and active component of Gnaphalium affine extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:311-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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72
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Characterisation of phenolic compounds in wild fruits from Northeastern Portugal. Food Chem 2013; 141:3721-30. [PMID: 23993541 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the phenolic composition of wild fruits of Arbutus unedo (strawberry-tree), Prunus spinosa (blackthorn), Rosa canina and Rosa micrantha (wild roses). Analyses were performed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. P spinosa fruits presented the highest concentration in phenolic acids (29.78 mg/100 g dry weight), being 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid the most abundant one, and flavone/ols (57.48 mg/100 g), among which quercetin3-O-rutinoside (15.63 mg/100 g) was the majority compound. (+)-Catechin was the most abundant compound in A. unedo (13.51 mg/100 g) and R. canina (3.59 mg/100 g) fruits. A. unedo fruits presented the highest concentration in flavan-3-ols (36.30 mg/100 g). Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was found in all the studied fruits, being the major anthocyanin in most of them, with the exception of P. spinosa samples, in which cyaniding 3-O-rutinoside and peonidin 3-O-rutinoside predominated; P. spinosa fruit presented the more complex anthocyanin profile among the analysed fruits and also the highest anthocyanin concentrations, which was coherent with its greater pigmentation. All in all, P. spinosa presented the highest levels of phenolic acids and flavonoids, including anthocyanins, flavonols and flavones, although no flavan-3-ols could be identified in its fruits. The present study represents a contribution to the chemical characterisation of phenolic compounds from wild fruits with acknowledged antioxidant activity and traditionally used for several folk medicinal applications.
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73
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Characterization of flavonoids from Dryopteris erythrosora and evaluation of their antioxidant, anticancer and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 51:242-50. [PMID: 23063594 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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74
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Gelam honey scavenges peroxynitrite during the immune response. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:12113-12129. [PMID: 23109904 PMCID: PMC3472796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130912113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are part of the first-line defense against bacterial, fungal, and viral infections during host immune responses; they express high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules, including nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and their reaction product peroxynitrite. Peroxynitrite is a short-lived oxidant and a potent inducer of cell death. Honey, in addition to its well-known sweetening properties, is a natural antioxidant that has been used since ancient times in traditional medicine. We examined the ability of Gelam honey, derived from the Gelam tree (Melaleuca spp.), to scavenge peroxynitrite during immune responses mounted in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ (LPS/IFN-γ) and in LPS-treated rats. Gelam honey significantly improved the viability of LPS/IFN-γ-treated RAW 264.7 cells and inhibited nitric oxide production-similar to the effects observed with an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (1400W). Furthermore, honey, but not 1400W, inhibited peroxynitrite production from the synthetic substrate 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) and prevented the peroxynitrite-mediated conversion of dihydrorhodamine 123 to its fluorescent oxidation product rhodamine 123. Honey inhibited peroxynitrite synthesis in LPS-treated rats. Thus, honey may attenuate inflammatory responses that lead to cell damage and death, suggesting its therapeutic uses for several inflammatory disorders.
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75
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Zeng WC, Zhang Z, Gao H, Jia LR, Chen WY. Characterization of antioxidant polysaccharides from Auricularia auricular using microwave-assisted extraction. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:694-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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76
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Phenolics from monofloral honeys protect human erythrocyte membranes against oxidative damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1508-16. [PMID: 22330201 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to analyze the phenolic extracts from two monofloral Cuban honeys for their in vitro total antioxidant capacity, phenolic compounds content and free radical scavenging activity. The phenolic extracts, rich in lipophilic compounds, were tested further for their ability to inhibit AAPH-induced oxidative damage (hemolysis, lipid peroxidation and cytosolic depletion of reduced glutathione and decrease of superoxide dismutase activity) in erythrocytes. Results indicate an important total antioxidant capacity measured by TEAC and ORAC assays, as well as a relevant radical scavenging activity performed by EPR. Moreover, 13 phenolic compounds were identified using HPLC-LC/MS with quercetin as the most abundant flavonoid. The results also show that both extracts were able to inhibit erythrocytes oxidative damage, and that this may likely be due to their incorporation into cell membranes and their ability to cross it and reach the cytosol. In fact, flavonoid uptake by erythrocytes was further confirmed by testing quercetin, which efficiently incorporated into erythrocytes. Overall, this study indicates that honey contains relevant antioxidant compounds responsible, at least in part, for its biological activity and that uptake of its flavonoids may provide defense and promote cell functions in erythrocytes.
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