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Wang T, Tao Y, Lai C, Huang C, Ling Z, Yong Q. A method for quantitative characterization of incomplete degradation products of polygalacturonic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:343-349. [PMID: 34389382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological activity of incomplete degradation products of polygalacturonic acid (IDPP) is closely related to its molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a reliable quantitative characterization method for evaluating these types of bioproducts. A novel method was established in this work for the quantitative characterization of IDPP based upon ethanol fractional precipitation. IDPP was fractionated into several fractions with high recovery (>95%), and the average molecular weights of each fraction was in descending order with the increase of ethanol concentration. Oligosaccharides (polymerization degree: 2-20) could be effectively harvested from the polygalacturonic acid enzymatic hydrolysate by ethanol precipitation. Moreover, the developed method had good repeatability and could also be applied to quantify enzymatic hydrolysis products of citrus-derived pectin polysaccharides. In conclusion, this paper provides a simple, accurate method for the quantitative characterization of IDPP and a strategy for the extraction of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yuheng Tao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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52
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Hu H, Zhang S, Pan S. Characterization of Citrus Pectin Oligosaccharides and Their Microbial Metabolites as Modulators of Immunometabolism on Macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8403-8414. [PMID: 34313419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the structure of prepared citrus pectin oligosaccharides (POS) and investigated the immunometabolism-modulating effects of POS and their microbial metabolites on human macrophages. Both POS and metabolites activated immune responses and exhibited anti-inflammatory properties in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via regulating expressions of inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor-kappa B. Cholesterol efflux was also facilitated via increased gene expressions of the liver X receptor-α-adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1/ABCG1 pathway and suppressed cholesterol synthesis via suppressing expressions of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Microbial degradation prevented POS from attenuating palmitoyl-3-cysteine-serine-lysine-4-induced inflammation and promoting M2 polarization, but it is capable of inhibiting cholesterol uptake-related genes CD36 and SR-A. These findings indicate that immunometabolism-modulating effects of POS are not solely microbiota-dependent effects. Both POS and their microbial metabolites are potential immunometabolism modulators via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm 14152, Sweden
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
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53
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Humerez-Flores JN, Kyomugasho C, Gutiérrez-Ortiz AA, De Bie M, Panozzo A, Van Loey AM, Moldenaers P, Hendrickx ME. Production and molecular characterization of tailored citrus pectin-derived compounds. Food Chem 2021; 367:130635. [PMID: 34352690 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, tailored-made citrus pectin-derived compounds were produced through controlled enzymatic and/or chemical modifications of commercial citrus pectin with different degrees of methylesterification (DM) and similar average molecular weight (MW). In the first treatment, degradation of the citrus pectin (CP) materials by endo-polygalacturonase (EPG) yielded pectins with average Mw's (between 2 and 60 kDa). Separation and identification of the oligosaccharide fraction present in these samples, revealed the presence of non-methylesterified galacturonic acid oligomers with degree of polymerization (DP) 1-5. In the second treatment, exploiting the combined effect of EPG and pectin lyase, compounds with MW between 2 and 21 kDa, containing methylesterified and non-methylesterified polygalacturonans (DP 1-6), were generated. Finally, CP was sequentially modified by chemical saponification and the action of EPG. A sample of DM 11% and MW 2.7 kDa, containing POS (DP 1-5), was produced. Diverse pectin-derived compounds were successfully generated for further studies exploring their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika N Humerez-Flores
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Clare Kyomugasho
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ana A Gutiérrez-Ortiz
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Margot De Bie
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnese Panozzo
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann M Van Loey
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PB 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marc E Hendrickx
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, PB 2457, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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54
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Dietary Fiber and Prebiotic Compounds in Fruits and Vegetables Food Waste. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13137219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fruits and vegetables processing industry is one of the most relevant food by-products, displaying limited commercial exploitation entailing economic and environmental problems. However, these by-products present a considerable amount of dietary fiber and prebiotics with important biological activities, such as gut microbiota modulation, lowering the glycemic load and replacing some unhealthy ingredients with an impact on food texture. Therefore, the international scientific community has considered incorporating their extracts or powders to preserve or fortify food products an area of interest, mainly because nowadays consumers demand the production of safer and health-promoting foods. In the present review, literature, mainly from the last 5 years, is critically analyzed and presented. A particular focus is given to utilizing the extracted dietary fibers in different food products and their impact on their characteristics. Safety issues regarding fruits and vegetables wastes utilization and anti-nutritional compounds impact were also discussed.
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Wongkaew M, Tinpovong B, Sringarm K, Leksawasdi N, Jantanasakulwong K, Rachtanapun P, Hanmoungjai P, Sommano SR. Crude Pectic Oligosaccharide Recovery from Thai Chok Anan Mango Peel Using Pectinolytic Enzyme Hydrolysis. Foods 2021; 10:627. [PMID: 33809517 PMCID: PMC7999440 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin recovered from mango peel biomass can be used as a potential source for pectic oligosaccharide hydrolysate with excellent probiotic growth-enhancing performance and prebiotic potentials. Consequently, the objectives of the current study were to optimise the enzyme hydrolysis treatment of mango peel pectin (MPP) and to evaluate the pectic oligosaccharide effects of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Bifidobacterium animalis TISTR 2195. Mango of "chok anan" variety was chosen due to its excessive volume of biomass in processing and high pectin content. The optimal treatment for mango peel pectic oligosaccharide (MPOS) valorisation was 24 h of fermentation with 0.3% (v/v) pectinase. This condition provided small oligosaccharides with the molecular weight of 643 Da that demonstrated the highest score of prebiotic activity for both of B. animalis TISTR 2195 (7.76) and L. reuteri DSM 17938 (6.87). The major sugar compositions of the oligosaccharide were fructose (24.41% (w/w)) and glucose (19.52% (w/w)). For the simulation of prebiotic fermentation, B. animalis TISTR 2195 showed higher proliferation in 4% (w/v) of MPOS supplemented (8.92 log CFU/mL) than that of L. reuteri (8.53 CFU/mL) at 72 h of the fermentation time. The main short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from MPOS were acetic acid and propionic acid. The highest value of total SCFA was achieved from the 4% (w/v) MPOS supplementation for both of B. animalis (68.57 mM) and L. reuteri (69.15 mM). The result of this study therefore conclusively advises that MPOS is a novel pectic oligosaccharide resource providing the opportunity for the sustainable development approach through utilising by-products from the fruit industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malaiporn Wongkaew
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Program of Food Production and Innovation, Faculty of Integrated Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand;
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bow Tinpovong
- Program of Food Production and Innovation, Faculty of Integrated Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand;
| | - Korawan Sringarm
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.L.); (K.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.L.); (K.J.); (P.R.)
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.L.); (K.J.); (P.R.)
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.L.); (K.J.); (P.R.)
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Prasert Hanmoungjai
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.L.); (K.J.); (P.R.)
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56
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Lee HB, Son SU, Lee JE, Lee SH, Kang CH, Kim YS, Shin KS, Park HY. Characterization, prebiotic and immune-enhancing activities of rhamnogalacturonan-I-rich polysaccharide fraction from molokhia leaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:443-450. [PMID: 33556396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived polysaccharides possess potential health benefits that improve intestinal health and the immune system. Molokhia leaves have a large amount of mucilage polysaccharide; in the present study, crude polysaccharide extract was prepared from molokhia leaves. The molecular weight of molokhia leaf polysaccharide fraction (MPF) was estimated to be 51.2 × 103 Da. Polysaccharide was methylated and the structure of MPF was mainly composed of rhamnogalacturonan-I structure with side chains, such as galactans and linear glucan (starch), as shown by GC-MS analysis. To study the biofunctional effects of MPF, its prebiotic and intestinal immune-enhancing activities were assayed in vitro. MPF exhibited good prebiotic activity, as shown by its high prebiotic scores, and increased contents of total short-chain fatty acids on five probiotic strains. In addition, MPF showed immune-enhancing activity on Peyer's patches, as revealed by the high bone marrow cell proliferating activity and production of immunoglobulin A and cytokines. These results demonstrate that MPF may be a potential beneficial prebiotic and intestinal immune-enhancer, which may have wide implications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Eun Lee
- Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Kang
- MEDIOGEN Co. Ltd., Chungcheongbuk-do 27159, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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57
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Moslemi M. Reviewing the recent advances in application of pectin for technical and health promotion purposes: From laboratory to market. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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58
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Xue L, Long J, Lu C, Li X, Xu X, Jin Z. Immobilization of polygalacturonase for the preparation of pectic oligosaccharides from mango peel wastes and assessment of their antibacterial activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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59
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Carboxylic acid-catalysed hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid in subcritical water media. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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60
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Wandee Y, Uttapap D, Mischnick P, Rungsardthong V. Production of pectic-oligosaccharides from pomelo peel pectin by oxidative degradation with hydrogen peroxide. Food Chem 2021; 348:129078. [PMID: 33515939 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative depolymerization of alkali- and acid-extracted pomelo pectins was performed using 1% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with a microwave power of 550 W for 10 min. Pectic-oligosaccharides (POS) produced from the acid-extracted methyl-esterified pectin contained higher amounts of DP1 and DP2 than that from the nearly ester-free alkali-extracted pectin, and the loss of these small-size products during recovery resulted in a lower POS yield (25.0%) compared to the alkali-extracted pectin (57.7%). Degradation of the alkali-extracted pectin with 3 and 5% H2O2 led to a decrease in precipitable POS yield. The relative amount of large-sized POS decreased as the H2O2 concentration increased. An increase in the microwave power to 1100 W had no significant effect on overall yield, but the average size shifted to be lower. The results of sugar composition and identification of the degraded products with ESI-MS confirmed the existence of several POS species with different sizes and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuree Wandee
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
| | - Dudsadee Uttapap
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Petra Mischnick
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr, 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vilai Rungsardthong
- Department of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
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61
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Singh RP, Tingirikari JMR. Agro waste derived pectin poly and oligosaccharides: Synthesis and functional characterization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cano ME, García-Martín A, Ladero M, Lesur D, Pilard S, Kovensky J. A simple procedure to obtain a medium-size oligogalacturonic acids fraction from orange peel and apple pomace wastes. Food Chem 2020; 346:128909. [PMID: 33401083 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pectin oligosaccharides, which can be obtained from fruit wastes, have proven their potential as plant immune-system elicitors. Although the precise size of active species is still under investigation, medium size oligosaccharides have been reported as the most active. Three defined oligogalacturonic acid (OGAs) mixtures were produced from commercial pectin, orange peel and apple pomace residues. The methodology developed involves two sequential acid treatments followed by stepwise ethanol precipitation. Without the need of chromatographic separations, three different fractions were obtained. The fractions were analyzed by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and were completely characterized by mass spectrometry, showing that the small size, medium size and large size fractions contained OGAs of degree of polymerization 3 to 9, 6 to 18, and 16 to 55, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Emilia Cano
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources CNRS UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Alberto García-Martín
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Chemistry College, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ladero
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Chemistry College, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Lesur
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources CNRS UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Serge Pilard
- Plateforme-Analytique, Institut de Chimie de Picardie CNRS FR 3085, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - José Kovensky
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources CNRS UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
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63
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Samanta S. Potential Impacts of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Cancer Prevention. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 22:605-628. [PMID: 33305713 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621999201210220442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a serious problem throughout the world. The pathophysiology of cancer is multifactorial and is also related to gut microbiota. Intestinal microbes are the useful resident of the healthy human. They play various aspects of human health including nutritional biotransformation, flushing of the pathogens, toxin neutralization, immune response, and onco-suppression. Disruption in the interactions among the gut microbiota, intestinal epithelium, and the host immune system are associated with gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp.) have been regarded as beneficial to health and shown to play a significant role in immunomodulation and displayed preventive role against obesity, diabetes, liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, tumor progression, and cancer. OBJECTIVE The involvement of gut microorganisms in cancer development and prevention has been recognized as a balancing factor. The events of dysbiosis emphasize metabolic disorder and carcinogenesis. The gut flora potentiates immunomodulation and minimizes the limitations of usual chemotherapy. The significant role of prebiotics and probiotics on the improvement of immunomodulation and antitumor properties has been considered. METHODS I had reviewed the literature on the multidimensional activities of prebiotics and probiotics from the NCBI website database PubMed, Springer Nature, Science Direct (Elsevier), Google Scholar database to search relevant articles. Specifically, I had focused on the role of prebiotics and probiotics in immunomodulation and cancer prevention. RESULTS Prebiotics are the nondigestible fermentable sugars that selectively influence the growth of probiotic organisms that exert immunomodulation over the cancerous growth. The oncostatic properties of bacteria are mediated through the recruitment of cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, approaches have also been taken to use probiotics as an adjuvant in cancer therapy. CONCLUSION The present review has indicated that dysbiosis is the crucial factor in many pathological situations including cancer. Applications of prebiotics and probiotics exhibit the immune-surveillance as oncostatic effects. These events increase the possibilities of new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, Paschim Medinipur, 721101, West Bengal,. India
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Tian Y, Zhang Z, Taha A, Chen Y, Hu H, Pan S. Interfacial and emulsifying properties of β-conglycinin/pectin mixtures at the oil/water interface: Effect of pH. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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65
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66
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Ribeiro TS, Sampaio KB, Menezes FNDD, de Assis POA, Dos Santos Lima M, de Oliveira MEG, de Souza EL, do Egypto Queiroga RDCR. In vitro evaluation of potential prebiotic effects of a freeze-dried juice from Pilosocereus gounellei (A. Weber ex K. Schum. Bly. Ex Rowl) cladodes, an unconventional edible plant from Caatinga biome. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:448. [PMID: 33062577 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated in vitro the potential prebiotic effects of a freeze-dried juice extracted from cladodes of Pilosocereus gounellei (A. Weber ex K. Schum.) Bly. Ex Rowl, an unconventional edible plant from Brazilian Caatinga biome and popularly known as xique-xique. Prebiotic effects of freeze-dried xique-xique cladode juice (XCJ, 20 g/L) were evaluated by measurements of prebiotic activity scores and stimulatory effects on growth and metabolic activities of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05, L. casei L-26 and L. paracasei L-10, which are beneficial species found as part of human gut microbiota. XCJ showed positive prebiotic activity scores on all examined probiotics, indicating a selective stimulatory effect on these microorganisms in detriment to enteric pathogens. Examined probiotics had high viable counts (> 8 log CFU/mL) after 48 h of cultivation in media with XCJ (20 g/L), representing an increase of > 2 log CFU/mL when compared to viable counts found on time zero. Cultivation of probiotics in media with XCJ resulted in decreased pH during the 48 h-incubation. Contents of fructose and glucose decreased in media with XCJ inoculated with L. acidophilus LA-05, L. casei L-26 or L. paracasei L-10 during the 48 h-cultivation, in parallel with an increase in contents of acetic and lactic acids. Measured effects of XCJ on probiotics were overall similar to those exerted by fructoligosaccharides (20 g/L), a proven prebiotic ingredient. These results showed that XCJ could exert selective stimulatory effects on different Lactobacillus species, which are indicative of potential prebiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Santana Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
| | - Karoliny Brito Sampaio
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
| | | | - Paloma Oliveira Antonino de Assis
- Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Sertão de Pernambuco, Petrolina, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Maria Elieidy Gomes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil
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Lacerda Massa NM, Dantas Duarte Menezes FN, de Albuquerque TMR, de Oliveira SPA, Lima MDS, Magnani M, de Souza EL. Effects of digested jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg) by-product on growth and metabolism of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium indicate prebiotic properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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68
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Leszczuk A, Cybulska J, Skrzypek T, Zdunek A. Properties of Arabinogalactan Proteins (AGPs) in Apple ( Malus × Domestica) Fruit at Different Stages of Ripening. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9080225. [PMID: 32823888 PMCID: PMC7463920 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are constituents of the cell wall–plasma membrane continuum in fruit tissue. The aim of the study was to characterise AGPs contained in fruit by determination of their chemical structure and morphological properties. The results were obtained from in and ex situ investigations and a comparative analysis of AGPs present in Malus × domestica fruit at different stages of ripening from green fruit through the mature stage to over-ripening during fruit storage. The HPLC and colorimetric methods were used for analyses of the composition of monosaccharides and proteins in AGPs extracted from fruit. We have found that AGPs from fruit mainly consists of carbohydrate chains composed predominantly of arabinose, galactose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and xylose. The protein moiety accounts for 3.15–4.58%, which depends on the various phases of ripening. Taken together, our results show that the structural and morphological properties of AGPs and calcium concentration in AGPs are related to the progress of ripening, which is correlated with proper fruit cell wall assembly. In line with the existing knowledge, our data confirmed the typical carbohydrate composition of AGPs and may be the basis for studies regarding their presumed properties of binding calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Leszczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland; (J.C.); (A.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-817-445-061
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland; (J.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Tomasz Skrzypek
- Confocal and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 102, 20-718 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland; (J.C.); (A.Z.)
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69
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Potential prebiotic properties of flours from different varieties of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) roots cultivated in Northeastern Brazil. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Study the Possibility of Manufacturing Therapeutic Ice Cream by Adding Synbiotic and Study its Microbiological and Sensory Characteristics. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.3.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to prepare control, probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus), and synbiotic (L. acidophilus and inulin) ice cream, L. acidophilus content, pH, titratable acidity, sensory properties were evaluated during frozen storage periods. L. acidophilus counts were the higher in synbiotic ice cream, adding inulin to probiotic ice cream enhanced significantly (P<0.05) the content of L. acidophilus. Freezing process caused a decrease in L. acidophilus counts along with storage periods in all the samples of ice cream. Synbiotic ice cream was the lower in pH values and the higher in TA values compared to the other ice cream samples. Synbiotic ice cream was the better in overall acceptance followed by probiotic and control ice cream, respectively. So, ice cream fortification with L. acidophilus probiotic bacteria and prebiotic inulin have a positive influence on all sensory characteristics. Probiotic content of both synbiotic and probiotic ice cream could be considered as functional therapeutic healthy product since it was more than the lowest concentration of probiotic bacteria to provide the beneficial attributes which are 106 cfu/g at the consumption time of the product.
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71
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Cao J, Yang J, Wang Z, Lu M, Yue K. Modified citrus pectins by UV/H 2O 2 oxidation at acidic and basic conditions: Structures and in vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative activities. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116742. [PMID: 32829861 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two modified citrus pectins, MCP4 and MCP10, were prepared by UV/H2O2 treatment at pH 4 and pH 10, respectively, and their structures were characterized. MCP10 had a rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) enriched backbone with a high degree of branching (DB ∼61 %) and a low methoxylation degree (24 %). MCP4 had a homogalacturonan enriched backbone with a high degree (46 %) of methoxylation and a low DB (∼41 %) of RG-I branches. MCP10 exhibited a higher anti-inflammatory activity than MCP4 in suppressing the NF-κB expression and the production of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β of THP-1 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. MCP10 also showed a stronger inhibitory effect on Caco-2 cell proliferation. The stronger bioactivities of MCP10 may be attributable to the abundant branches and the proper length of terminal galactan residues attached to the RG-I domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- School of Food Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Zhaomei Wang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, PR China.
| | - Muwen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, PR China
| | - Kaiting Yue
- School of Food Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, PR China
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Jin Y, Yang N. Array-induced voltages assisted extraction of pectin from grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) peel and its characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:1205-1212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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In vitro prebiotic potential, digestibility and biocompatibility properties of laminari-oligosaccharides produced from curdlan by β-1,3-endoglucanase from Clostridium thermocellum. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:241. [PMID: 32405445 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Curdlan or laminarin, a β-1,3-glucan was hydrolysed by β-1,3-endoglucanase (CtLam81A) from Clostridium thermocellum to produce laminari-oligosaccharides. TLC analysis of hydrolysed curdlan showed the presence of laminari-oligosaccharides of the degree of polymerization, DP2-DP7. This mixture of laminari-oligosaccharides displayed prebiotic properties. Laminari-oligosaccharides showed an increase in the growth of probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum DM5 and Lactobacillus acidophilus, while they did not promote the growth of non-probiotic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes). Laminari-oligosaccharides showed higher prebiotic activity score of 0.92 ± 0.01 and 0.64 ± 0.08 for L. plantarum DM5 and L. acidophilus NRRL B-4496, respectively, similar to those shown by inulin. Laminari-oligosaccharides showed higher resistance or low digestibility against α-amylase, artificial gastric juice and intestinal fluid than inulin indicating their bioavailability to the probiotic bacteria present in the gastrointestinal tract of human. The probiotic bacteria consumed laminaribiose and laminariotriose more readily than higher laminari-oligosaccharides as carbon source for their growth. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay of laminari-oligosaccharides (1 mg/ml) on human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells showed that the cell viability was not affected even after 72 h indicating their biocompatible nature. All the results amply indicated that laminari-oligosaccharides can serve as potential prebiotic additives for functional food products.
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74
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Cao J, Yang J, Yue K, Wang Z. Preparation of modified citrus pectin (MCP) using an advanced oxidation process with hydroxyl radicals generated by UV-H2O2. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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75
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Mao G, Li S, Orfila C, Shen X, Zhou S, Linhardt RJ, Ye X, Chen S. Depolymerized RG-I-enriched pectin from citrus segment membranes modulates gut microbiota, increases SCFA production, and promotes the growth of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Faecalibaculum spp. Food Funct 2020; 10:7828-7843. [PMID: 31778135 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01534e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I)-enriched pectin (WRP) was recovered from citrus processing water by sequential acid and alkaline treatments in a previous study. RG-I-enriched pectin was proposed as a potential supplement for functional food and pharmaceutical development. However, previous studies illustrated that favorable modulations of gut microbiota by RG-I-enriched pectin were based on in vitro changes in the overall microbial structure and the question of whether there is a structure-dependent modulation of gut microbiota remains largely enigmatic. In the present study, modulations of gut microbiota by commercial pectin (CP), WRP and its depolymerized fraction (DWRP) with different RG-I contents and Mw were compared in vivo. It was revealed by 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing that WRP and DWRP mainly composed of RG-I modulated the gut microbiota in a positive way. DWRP significantly increased the abundance of prebiotic such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., while WRP increased SCFAs producers including species in Ruminococcaceae family. By maintaining a more balanced gut microbiota composition and enriching some SCFA producers, dietary WRP and DWRP also elevated the SCFA content in the colon. Collectively, our findings offer new insights into the structure-activity correlation of citrus pectin and provide impetus towards the development of RG-I-enriched pectin with small molecular weight for specific use in health-promoting prebiotic ingredients and therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhu Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Abstract
The development of biorefinery processes to platform chemicals for most lignocellulosic substrates, results in side processes to intermediates such as oligosaccharides. Agrofood wastes are most amenable to produce such intermediates, in particular, cellooligo-saccharides (COS), pectooligosaccharides (POS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and other less abundant oligomers containing mannose, arabinose, galactose and several sugar acids. These compounds show a remarkable bioactivity as prebiotics, elicitors in plants, food complements, healthy coadyuvants in certain therapies and more. They are medium to high added-value compounds with an increasing impact in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review is focused on the main production processes: autohydrolysis, acid and basic catalysis and enzymatic saccharification. Autohydrolysis of food residues at 160–190 °C leads to oligomer yields in the 0.06–0.3 g/g dry solid range, while acid hydrolysis of pectin (80–120 °C) or cellulose (45–180 °C) yields up to 0.7 g/g dry polymer. Enzymatic hydrolysis at 40–50 °C of pure polysaccharides results in 0.06–0.35 g/g dry solid (DS), with values in the range 0.08–0.2 g/g DS for original food residues.
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Prebiotic activity of monofloral honeys produced by stingless bees in the semi-arid region of Brazilian Northeastern toward Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12. Food Res Int 2020; 128:108809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Panwar D, Panesar PS, Chopra HK. Recent Trends on the Valorization Strategies for the Management of Citrus By-products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1695834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divyani Panwar
- Food Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
| | - Parmjit S. Panesar
- Food Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
| | - Harish K. Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
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Hu H, Zhang S, Liu F, Zhang P, Muhammad Z, Pan S. Role of the Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Modulating the Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Citrus Pectin Oligosaccharides in C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11922-11930. [PMID: 31576748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the regulatory effects of citrus pectin oligosaccharides (POS) from an innovative, chemically controllable degradation process on cholesterol metabolism and the gut microbial composition. The modulatory role of the intestinal flora was explored. Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard diet; a high-fat (HF) diet; or a HF diet with 0.15, 0.45, and 0.9 g/kg body weight POS for 30 days. POS reduced serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in a dose-dependent manner. The relative abundances of specific bacterial groups in the feces and the concentrations of their metabolites were higher in the POS groups. There were significant correlations among Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides and short-chain fatty acids, as well as among serum TC, LDL-C, fecal bile acids, and liver cholesterol 7-α-hydroxylase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. These findings indicate that the prepared POS exhibited hypocholesterolemic effects and that the potential regulatory mechanisms of citrus POS on cholesterol metabolism are modulated by specific bacterial groups together with their metabolites.
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80
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Wan L, Chen Q, Huang M, Liu F, Pan S. Physiochemical, rheological and emulsifying properties of low methoxyl pectin prepared by high hydrostatic pressure-assisted enzymatic, conventional enzymatic, and alkaline de-esterification: A comparison study. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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81
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Khangwal I, Shukla P. Potential prebiotics and their transmission mechanisms: Recent approaches. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:649-656. [PMID: 31324281 PMCID: PMC9307030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrates which can be used as prime source of energy for gut microflora. These can be naturally occurring in fruit and vegetables or can be made synthetically by enzymatic digestions. New versatile sources of prebiotics had been found nowadays for economic commercialization. This review will decipher on highlighting the importance of prebiotics in immunomodulation and nutrient absorption abilities of gut, as it is important for the anti-effective capacity of the organism especially in the neonatal period. Moreover, new prebiotics transmission strategies with higher penetrating capacity such as microencapsulation and immobilization have been discussed. In addition to this, literature had shown the modulation of gut microflora by the continuous use of prebiotics in many disorders so here, the role of prebiotics in health-related issues such as diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease (IBS) have been explained.
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82
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Yuan Y, Zhang XY, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Zhou YF, Gao J. A Novel PL9 Pectate Lyase from Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1: Cloning, Expression, and Its Application in Pectin Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3060. [PMID: 31234557 PMCID: PMC6627557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectate lyases play an important role in pectin degradation, and therefore are highly useful in the food and textile industries. Here, we report on the cloning of an alkaline pectate lyase gene (pppel9a) from Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1. The full-length gene (1350 bp) encodes for a 449-residue protein that belongs to the polysaccharide lyase family 9 (PL9). Recombinant PpPel9a produced in Escherichia coli was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity in a single step using Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography. The enzyme activity of PpPel9a (apparent molecular weight of 45.3 kDa) was found to be optimal at pH 10.0 and 40 °C, with substrate preference for homogalacturonan type (HG) pectins vis-à-vis rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) type pectins. Using HG-type pectins as substrate, PpPel9a showed greater activity with de-esterified HGs. In addition, PpPel9a was active against water-soluble pectins isolated from different plants. Using this lyase, we degraded citrus pectin, purified fractions using Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-sepharose column chromatography, and characterized the main fraction MCP-0.3. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the molecular mass of citrus pectin (~230.2 kDa) was reduced to ~24 kDa upon degradation. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) and monosaccharide composition analyses demonstrated that PpPel9a worked as an endo-pectate lyase, which acted primarily on the HG domain of citrus pectin. In vitro testing showed that the degradation product MCP-0.3 significantly promotes the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. rhamnosus. In this regard, the enzyme has potential in the preparation of pharmacologically active pectin products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yi-Fa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Juan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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83
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Zhang S, Hu H, He W, Muhammad Z, Wang L, Liu F, Pan S. Regulatory Roles of Pectin Oligosaccharides on Immunoglobulin Production in Healthy Mice Mediated by Gut Microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801363. [PMID: 31116489 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The prebiotic regulation of the gut microbiota is a promising strategy to induce protective humoral and mucosal immune responses. The potential immune-improving effects of pectin oligosaccharides (POS) in healthy mice and the potential mechanism mediated by specific intestinal bacteria are investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS POS is prepared using a hydrogen-peroxide-assisted degradation. Mice that consumed diets containing POS are tested for microbial community shifts, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and immunoglobulin (Ig) production using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, gas chromatography, and ELISA kits. Pearson's correlation analyses are performed between Ig production and specific intestinal bacteria or SCFAs. POS treatment significantly improves the growth of healthy mice. Moreover, 4-week POS administration results in a profound change in intestinal microbial composition and a significantly higher fecal concentration of acetate, which leads to substantial increases of the levels of fecal secretory immunoglobulin A and serum IgG. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the inclusion of POS in a diet can increase Ig production and optimize the composition of the gut microbiota. A significant correlation is observed between changes in Ig production and specific intestinal bacteria or acetate, providing insight into the mechanism of POS as a potential immune-enhancing supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Haijuan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wanying He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zafarullah Muhammad
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Lufeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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La Cava EL, Gerbino E, Sgroppo SC, Gómez-Zavaglia A. Pectin Hydrolysates from Different Cultivars of Pink/Red and White Grapefruits (Citrus Paradisi [macf.]) as Culture and Encapsulating Media for Lactobacillus Plantarum. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1776-1783. [PMID: 31218715 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Citrus pectin hydrolysates (Citrus paradisi [Mafc.]) from "Foster," "Red Shambar," "Tangelo Orlando," and "Citrumelo Swingle" cultivars were obtained by partial chemical hydrolysis and their properties as culture media (sole carbon/nutrient source) and encapsulating agents of Lactobacillus plantarum CIDCA 83114 were evaluated. The concentration of neutral sugars was maximal after 2-hour hydrolysis. All hydrolysates were rich in glucose >xylose >galactose >galacturonic acid >mannose >arabinose. "Citrumelo Swingle" cultivar was the one with the highest concentration of xylose. After 24 hr of fermentation with L. plantarum CIDCA 83114, bacterial viability increased from 6.76 ± 0.14 to almost 9 log CFU/mL, and lactic acid concentration, from 2.63 ± 0.41 to 7.82 ± 0.15 mmol/L in all hydrolysates. Afterwards, bacteria were entrapped in pectate-calcium beads by ionotropic gelation. Bacterial viability did not significantly decrease after freeze-drying and storage the beads at 4 °C for 45 days. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pectin hydrolysates were adequate culture media for microorganisms, as determined by the viabililty and lactic acid production. Considering that citrus peels are agro-wastes obtained in large quantities, their use as encapsulating materials provides a solution to overcome the environmental problem they entail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo L La Cava
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Química y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura, UNNE, Av. Libertad 5460, RA3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Esteban Gerbino
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), Calle 47 y 116, RA 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia C Sgroppo
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Química y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura, UNNE, Av. Libertad 5460, RA3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Andrea Gómez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), Calle 47 y 116, RA 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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85
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Pansai N, Chakree K, Takahashi Yupanqui C, Raungrut P, Yanyiam N, Wichienchot S. Gut microbiota modulation and immune boosting properties of prebiotic dragon fruit oligosaccharides. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nattha Pansai
- Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Korawan Chakree
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS‐NFF) Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Chutha Takahashi Yupanqui
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS‐NFF) Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Pritsana Raungrut
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Prince of Songkla University Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Niracha Yanyiam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Santad Wichienchot
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS‐NFF) Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
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86
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Camacho F, Macedo A, Malcata F. Potential Industrial Applications and Commercialization of Microalgae in the Functional Food and Feed Industries: A Short Review. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E312. [PMID: 31141887 PMCID: PMC6628611 DOI: 10.3390/md17060312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds, e.g., protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, vitamins and minerals, found in commercial form of microalgal biomass (e.g., powder, flour, liquid, oil, tablet, or capsule forms) may play important roles in functional food (e.g., dairy products, desserts, pastas, oil-derivatives, or supplements) or feed (for cattle, poultry, shellfish, and fish) with favorable outcomes upon human health, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects, as well as prevention of gastric ulcers, constipation, anemia, diabetes, and hypertension. However, scale up remains a major challenge before commercial competitiveness is attained. Notwithstanding the odds, a few companies have already overcome market constraints, and are successfully selling extracts of microalgae as colorant, or supplement for food and feed industries. Strong scientific evidence of probiotic roles of microalgae in humans is still lacking, while scarce studies have concluded on probiotic activity in marine animals upon ingestion. Limitations in culture harvesting and shelf life extension have indeed constrained commercial viability. There are, however, scattered pieces of evidence that microalgae play prebiotic roles, owing to their richness in oligosaccharides-hardly fermented by other members of the intestinal microbiota, or digested throughout the gastrointestinal tract of humans/animals for that matter. However, consistent applications exist only in the dairy industry and aquaculture. Despite the underlying potential in formulation of functional food/feed, extensive research and development efforts are still required before microalgae at large become a commercial reality in food and feed formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Camacho
- LEPABE-Laboratory of Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Angela Macedo
- LEPABE-Laboratory of Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- UNICES-ISMAI-University Institute of Maia, Av. Carlos Oliveira Campos, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal.
| | - Francisco Malcata
- LEPABE-Laboratory of Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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87
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Huang F, Liu H, Zhang R, Dong L, Liu L, Ma Y, Jia X, Wang G, Zhang M. Physicochemical properties and prebiotic activities of polysaccharides from longan pulp based on different extraction techniques. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:344-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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88
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Vazquez-Olivo G, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Heredia JB. Prebiotic compounds from agro-industrial by-products. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12711. [PMID: 31353613 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prebiotics are nondigestible food components that have an impact on gut microbiota composition and activity, which in turn results in the improvement of health conditions. Nowadays, the production of prebiotics from agro-industrial by-products is under investigation. In this regard, polysaccharides are usually found in these sources and their potential use as prebiotics has been studied recently since these compounds act as substrates for the human gut microbiota, and they have the potential to modulate its composition through many mechanisms. Additionally, the use of agricultural by-products is advantageous because it is a cheap and abundantly available material. This review focuses on the recent scientific literature regarding the prebiotic properties of polysaccharides from agro-industrial by-products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Currently, the maintenance of gut homeostasis is a target for the improvement of human health. This review can broaden the perspective on the utilization of agro-industrial by-products that can compete in the market with the commercial ones or act as a source for new food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vazquez-Olivo
- CONACyT - Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Laboratory, Culiacan, México
| | - Erick P Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- CONACyT - Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Laboratory, Culiacan, México
| | - José Basilio Heredia
- CONACyT - Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Laboratory, Culiacan, México
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89
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Tan H, Chen W, Liu Q, Yang G, Li K. Pectin Oligosaccharides Ameliorate Colon Cancer by Regulating Oxidative Stress- and Inflammation-Activated Signaling Pathways. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1504. [PMID: 30013563 PMCID: PMC6036268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) is the third common neoplasm worldwide, and it is still a big challenge for exploring new effective medicine for treating CC. Natural product promoting human health has become a hot topic and attracted many researchers recently. Pectin, a complex polysaccharide in plant cell wall, mainly consists of four major types of polysaccharides: homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I and II, all of which can be degraded into various pectin oligosaccharides (POS) and may provide abundant resource for exploring potential anticancer drugs. POS have been regarded as a novel class of potential functional food with multiple health-promoting properties. POS have antibacterial activities against some aggressive and recurrent bacterial infection and exert beneficial immunomodulation for controlling CC risk. However, the molecular functional role of POS in the prevention of CC risk and progression remains doubtful. The review focuses on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of POS for promoting human health by regulating some potential oxidative and inflammation-activated pathways, such as ATP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. The activation of these signaling pathways increases the antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities, which will result in the apoptosis of CC cells or in the prevention of CC risk and progression. Thus, POS may inhibit CC development by affecting antioxidant and antiinflammatory signaling pathways AMPK, Nrf2, and NF-κB. However, POS also can activate signal transduction and transcriptional activator 1 and 3 signaling pathway, which will reduce antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and promote CC progression. Specific structural and structurally modified POS may be associated with their functions and should be deeply explored in the future. The present review paper lacks the important information for the linkage between the specific structure of POS and its function. To further explore the effects of prebiotic potential of POS and their derivatives on human immunomodulation in the prevention of CC, the specific POS with a certain degree of polymerization or purified polymers are highly demanded to be performed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Tan
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qishun Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Guojun Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Kuikui Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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90
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Shi Y, Liu J, Yan Q, You X, Yang S, Jiang Z. In vitro digestibility and prebiotic potential of curdlan (1 → 3)-β- d -glucan oligosaccharides in Lactobacillus species. Carbohydr Polym 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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