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Mehra MR, Uriel N, Naka Y, Cleveland JC, Yuzefpolskaya M, Salerno CT, Walsh MN, Milano CA, Patel CB, Hutchins SW, Ransom J, Ewald GA, Itoh A, Raval NY, Silvestry SC, Cogswell R, John R, Bhimaraj A, Bruckner BA, Lowes BD, Um JY, Jeevanandam V, Sayer G, Mangi AA, Molina EJ, Sheikh F, Aaronson K, Pagani FD, Cotts WG, Tatooles AJ, Babu A, Chomsky D, Katz JN, Tessmann PB, Dean D, Krishnamoorthy A, Chuang J, Topuria I, Sood P, Goldstein DJ. A Fully Magnetically Levitated Left Ventricular Assist Device - Final Report. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:1618-1627. [PMID: 30883052 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1900486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 762] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In two interim analyses of this trial, patients with advanced heart failure who were treated with a fully magnetically levitated centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device were less likely to have pump thrombosis or nondisabling stroke than were patients treated with a mechanical-bearing axial-flow left ventricular assist device. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with advanced heart failure to receive either the centrifugal-flow pump or the axial-flow pump irrespective of the intended goal of use (bridge to transplantation or destination therapy). The composite primary end point was survival at 2 years free of disabling stroke or reoperation to replace or remove a malfunctioning device. The principal secondary end point was pump replacement at 2 years. RESULTS This final analysis included 1028 enrolled patients: 516 in the centrifugal-flow pump group and 512 in the axial-flow pump group. In the analysis of the primary end point, 397 patients (76.9%) in the centrifugal-flow pump group, as compared with 332 (64.8%) in the axial-flow pump group, remained alive and free of disabling stroke or reoperation to replace or remove a malfunctioning device at 2 years (relative risk, 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 0.91; P<0.001 for superiority). Pump replacement was less common in the centrifugal-flow pump group than in the axial-flow pump group (12 patients [2.3%] vs. 57 patients [11.3%]; relative risk, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.38; P<0.001). The numbers of events per patient-year for stroke of any severity, major bleeding, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage were lower in the centrifugal-flow pump group than in the axial-flow pump group. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with advanced heart failure, a fully magnetically levitated centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device was associated with less frequent need for pump replacement than an axial-flow device and was superior with respect to survival free of disabling stroke or reoperation to replace or remove a malfunctioning device. (Funded by Abbott; MOMENTUM 3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02224755.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep R Mehra
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Nir Uriel
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Yoshifumi Naka
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Joseph C Cleveland
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Christopher T Salerno
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Mary N Walsh
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Carmelo A Milano
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Chetan B Patel
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Steven W Hutchins
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - John Ransom
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Gregory A Ewald
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Akinobu Itoh
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Nirav Y Raval
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Scott C Silvestry
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Rebecca Cogswell
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Ranjit John
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Arvind Bhimaraj
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Brian A Bruckner
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Brian D Lowes
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - John Y Um
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Valluvan Jeevanandam
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Gabriel Sayer
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Abeel A Mangi
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Ezequiel J Molina
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Farooq Sheikh
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Keith Aaronson
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Francis D Pagani
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - William G Cotts
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Antone J Tatooles
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Ashok Babu
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Don Chomsky
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Jason N Katz
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Paul B Tessmann
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - David Dean
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Arun Krishnamoorthy
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Joyce Chuang
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Ia Topuria
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Poornima Sood
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
| | - Daniel J Goldstein
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center, Chicago (N.U., V.J., G.S.), Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.), and Abbott, Abbott Park (J.C., I.T., P.S.) - all in Illinois; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Y.N., M.Y.) and Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G.), New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.T.S., M.N.W.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.N.K., P.B.T.) - both in North Carolina; Baptist Health Medical Center, Little Rock, AR (S.W.H., J.R.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Advent Health Transplant Institute, Orlando, FL (N.Y.R., S.C.S.); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.C., R.J.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (A. Bhimaraj, B.A.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (B.D.L., J.Y.U.); Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT (A.A.M.); MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (E.J.M., F.S.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A., F.D.P.); St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville (A. Babu, D.C.); and Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.)
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Mehra MR, Goldstein DJ, Uriel N, Cleveland JC, Yuzefpolskaya M, Salerno C, Walsh MN, Milano CA, Patel CB, Ewald GA, Itoh A, Dean D, Krishnamoorthy A, Cotts WG, Tatooles AJ, Jorde UP, Bruckner BA, Estep JD, Jeevanandam V, Sayer G, Horstmanshof D, Long JW, Gulati S, Skipper ER, O'Connell JB, Heatley G, Sood P, Naka Y. Two-Year Outcomes with a Magnetically Levitated Cardiac Pump in Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 2018. [PMID: 29526139 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1800866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an early analysis of this trial, use of a magnetically levitated centrifugal continuous-flow circulatory pump was found to improve clinical outcomes, as compared with a mechanical-bearing axial continuous-flow pump, at 6 months in patients with advanced heart failure. METHODS In a randomized noninferiority and superiority trial, we compared the centrifugal-flow pump with the axial-flow pump in patients with advanced heart failure, irrespective of the intended goal of support (bridge to transplantation or destination therapy). The composite primary end point was survival at 2 years free of disabling stroke (with disabling stroke indicated by a modified Rankin score of >3; scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating more severe disability) or survival free of reoperation to replace or remove a malfunctioning device. The noninferiority margin for the risk difference (centrifugal-flow pump group minus axial-flow pump group) was -10 percentage points. RESULTS Of 366 patients, 190 were assigned to the centrifugal-flow pump group and 176 to the axial-flow pump group. In the intention-to-treat population, the primary end point occurred in 151 patients (79.5%) in the centrifugal-flow pump group, as compared with 106 (60.2%) in the axial-flow pump group (absolute difference, 19.2 percentage points; 95% lower confidence boundary, 9.8 percentage points [P<0.001 for noninferiority]; hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31 to 0.69 [P<0.001 for superiority]). Reoperation for pump malfunction was less frequent in the centrifugal-flow pump group than in the axial-flow pump group (3 patients [1.6%] vs. 30 patients [17.0%]; hazard ratio, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.27; P<0.001). The rates of death and disabling stroke were similar in the two groups, but the overall rate of stroke was lower in the centrifugal-flow pump group than in the axial-flow pump group (10.1% vs. 19.2%; hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.84, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS In patients with advanced heart failure, a fully magnetically levitated centrifugal-flow pump was superior to a mechanical-bearing axial-flow pump with regard to survival free of disabling stroke or reoperation to replace or remove a malfunctioning device. (Funded by Abbott; MOMENTUM 3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02224755 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep R Mehra
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Daniel J Goldstein
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Nir Uriel
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Joseph C Cleveland
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Christopher Salerno
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Mary N Walsh
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Carmelo A Milano
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Chetan B Patel
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Gregory A Ewald
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Akinobu Itoh
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - David Dean
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Arun Krishnamoorthy
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - William G Cotts
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Antone J Tatooles
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Ulrich P Jorde
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Brian A Bruckner
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Jerry D Estep
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Valluvan Jeevanandam
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Gabriel Sayer
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Douglas Horstmanshof
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - James W Long
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Sanjeev Gulati
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Eric R Skipper
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - John B O'Connell
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Gerald Heatley
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Poornima Sood
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
| | - Yoshifumi Naka
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.R.M.); Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care (D.J.G., U.P.J.) and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York Presbyterian Hospital (M.Y., Y.N.), New York; University of Chicago School of Medicine and Medical Center (N.U., V.J., G.S.) and Abbott (J.B.O., G.H., P.S.), Chicago, and Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn (W.G.C., A.J.T.) - all in Illinois; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.C.C.); St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis (C.S., M.N.W.); Duke Heart Center, Duke University, Durham (C.A.M., C.B.P.), and Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte (S.G., E.R.S.) - both in North Carolina; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (G.A.E., A.I.); Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta (D.D., A.K.); Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston (B.A.B., J.D.E.); and Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (D.H., J.W.L.)
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