51
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Wu Y, Vora LK, Mishra D, Adrianto MF, Gade S, Paredes AJ, Donnelly RF, Singh TRR. Nanosuspension-loaded dissolving bilayer microneedles for hydrophobic drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212767. [PMID: 35929230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intravitreal injections (IVT) are regarded as the gold standard for effective delivery of hydrophobic drugs to the back of the eye. However, as a highly invasive procedure, the injection itself may lead to poor patient compliance and severe complications. In this research work, a hybrid system of nanosuspensions (NS) and dissolving microneedles (MNs) was developed as an alternative to conventional hypodermic needles used in IVT for minimally invasive transscleral delivery of hydrophobic drugs. NS of a hydrophobic drug, triamcinolone acetonide (TA), were fabricated using a wet milling technique. TA NS optimised by central composite factorial design had a proven diameter of 246.65 ± 8.55 nm. After optimisation, TA NS were incorporated into MN arrays to form a bilayer structure by high-speed centrifugation. TA NS-loaded MNs were robust enough to pierce excised porcine sclera with insertion depth higher than 80% of the needle height and showed rapid dissolution (<3 min). In contrast, the plain TA-loaded MNs exhibited poor mechanical and insertion performances and took more than 8 min to be fully dissolved in the scleral tissue. Importantly, transscleral deposition studies showed that 56.46 ± 7.76 μg/mm2 of TA was deposited into the sclera after 5 min of NS-loaded MN application, which was 4.5-fold higher than plain drug-loaded MNs (12.56 ± 2.59 μg/mm2). An ex vivo distribution study revealed that MN arrays could promote the transscleral penetration of hydrophobic molecules with higher drug concentrations observed in the deep layer of the sclera. Moreover, the developed TA NS-loaded MN array was biocompatible with ocular tissues, as demonstrated using the hens egg-chorioallantoic membrane assay and cytotoxicity test. The results presented here demonstrate that the hybrid system of NS and dissolving MNs can provide a novel and promising technology to alleviate retinal diseases in a therapeutically effective and minimally invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Deepakkumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Muhammad Faris Adrianto
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60115, Indonesia
| | - Shilpkala Gade
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Alejandro J Paredes
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Thakur Raghu Raj Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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52
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Ranjan Yadav P, Iqbal Nasiri M, Vora LK, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF, Pattanayek SK, Bhusan Das D. Super-swelling Hydrogel-forming Microneedle based Transdermal Drug Delivery: Mathematical Modelling, Simulation and Experimental Validation. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121835. [PMID: 35597393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Super-swelling hydrogel-forming microneedles (HFMNs) based transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is gaining significant interest due to their non-invasiveness and ability to deliver a wide range of drugs. The HFMNs swell by imbibing interstitial skin fluid (ISF), and they facilitate drug transport from the reservoir attached at the base into the skin without polymer dissolution. To develop HFMNs for practical applications, a complete understanding of the drug transport mechanism is required, allowing for controlled TDD and geometrical optimisation. A three-phase system consisting of a reservoir, microneedle, and skin is considered. A mathematical model is developed to incorporate the drug binding within the matrix of the compartment, which was not considered earlier. Super-swelling nature of the HFMNs is incorporated through the swelling ratio obtained experimentally for a polymer. The results are validated with in vitro diffusion studies of ibuprofen sodium (IBU) across excised porcine skin, showing that around 20% of the loaded IBU in lyophilised wafer was delivered in 24 hours. It was observed that increasing IBU solubility in reservoir can achieve high drug transport across the skin. The developed model is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data. It is concluded that the proposed model can be considered a tool with predictive design and development of super-swelling HFMNs based TDD systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Ranjan Yadav
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Nasiri
- Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University, Islamabad Campus, 44000 Pakistan; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sudip K Pattanayek
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
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53
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Don TM, Chen M, Lee IC, Huang YC. Preparation and characterization of fast dissolving ulvan microneedles for transdermal drug delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:90-99. [PMID: 35218808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dissolving microneedles made from natural polymers recently have gained much attention as an efficient transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS). For the first time, ulvan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from Ulva lactuca, was applied to fabricate dissolving microneedles through a two-step casting method. The ulvan microneedles (UMNs) made from 4% ulvan solution were in a pyramidal shape with an average height of 655 μm and an aspect ratio of 2.63. The in vitro skin insertion study showed the UMNs could totally penetrate into the porcine skin to the dermis layer and rapidly dissolved as the needle height was reduced by 90.3% after post-insertion of only 2 min. The rapid dissolution of UMNs in situ thus could release the loaded model drugs of rhodamine 6G (R6G) and bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (FITC-BSA) in the skin tissue. The in vitro drug release profiles through porcine skin revealed the UMNs markedly enhanced the cumulative release of FITC-BSA. In addition, the UMNs had good biocompatibility towards normal cells of HaCaT and NIH3T3. Briefly, this study demonstrates the rapidly dissolving UMNs could effectively carry the drug into skin and thus can be developed as a potential TDDS in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Ming Don
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151 Yingzhuan Rd., Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| | - Michelle Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Beining Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung City 20224, Taiwan
| | - I-Chi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd., Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Beining Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung City 20224, Taiwan.
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54
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Rajput A, Kulkarni M, Deshmukh P, Pingale P, Garkal A, Gandhi S, Butani S. A Key Role by Polymers in Microneedle Technology: A New Era. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1713-1732. [PMID: 35332822 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2058531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The skin serves as the major organ in the targeted transdermal drug delivery system for many compounds. The microneedle acts as a novel technique to deliver drugs across the different layers of the skin, including the major barrier stratum corneum, in an effective manner. A microneedle array patch comprises dozens to hundreds of micron-sized needles with numerous structures and advantages resulting from their special and smart designs. Microneedle approach is much more advanced than conventional transdermal delivery pathways due to several benefits like minimally invasive, painless, self-administrable, and enhanced patient compliance. The microneedles are classified into hollow, solid, coated, dissolving, and hydrogel. Several polymers are used to fabricate microneedle, such as natural, semi-synthetic, synthetic, biodegradable, and swellable polymers. Researchers in the preparation of microneedles also explored the combinations of polymers. The safety of the polymer used in microneedle is a crucial aspect to prevent toxicity in vivo. Thus, this review aims to provide a detailed review of microneedles and mainly focus on the various polymers used in the fabrication of microneedles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjitsing Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to Be University, Paud Road, Erandwane, Pune-411038, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad-382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhur Kulkarni
- SCES's Indira College of Pharmacy, New Pune Mumbai Highway, Tathwade-411033, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Deshmukh
- Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Buldana- 443101, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Pingale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GES's Sir Dr. M. S. Gosavi College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nashik-422005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad-382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Sahil Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shital Butani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad-382481, Gujarat, India
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55
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Zhang W, Zhang W, Li C, Zhang J, Qin L, Lai Y. Recent Advances of Microneedles and Their Application in Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052401. [PMID: 35269545 PMCID: PMC8909978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, scientists have been doing a lot of research and exploration to find effective long-term analgesic and/or disease-modifying treatments. Microneedles (MNs) are a simple, effective, and painless transdermal drug delivery technology that has emerged in recent years, and exhibits great promise for realizing intelligent drug delivery. With the development of materials science and fabrication technology, the MN transdermal drug delivery technology has been applied and popularized in more and more fields, including chronic illnesses such as arthritis or diabetes, cancer, dermatocosmetology, family planning, and epidemic disease prevention, and has made fruitful achievements. This paper mainly reviews the latest research status of MNs and their fabrication methodology, and summarizes the application of MNs in the treatment of various diseases, as well as the potential to use nanotechnology to develop more intelligent MNs-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (W.Z.); (W.Z.); (C.L.); (J.Z.); (L.Q.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (W.Z.); (W.Z.); (C.L.); (J.Z.); (L.Q.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cairong Li
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (W.Z.); (W.Z.); (C.L.); (J.Z.); (L.Q.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (W.Z.); (W.Z.); (C.L.); (J.Z.); (L.Q.)
| | - Ling Qin
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (W.Z.); (W.Z.); (C.L.); (J.Z.); (L.Q.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxiao Lai
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (W.Z.); (W.Z.); (C.L.); (J.Z.); (L.Q.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence:
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56
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Damiri F, Kommineni N, Ebhodaghe SO, Bulusu R, Jyothi VGSS, Sayed AA, Awaji AA, Germoush MO, Al-malky HS, Nasrullah MZ, Rahman MH, Abdel-Daim MM, Berrada M. Microneedle-Based Natural Polysaccharide for Drug Delivery Systems (DDS): Progress and Challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020190. [PMID: 35215302 PMCID: PMC8875238 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this focused progress review, the most widely accepted methods of transdermal drug delivery are hypodermic needles, transdermal patches and topical creams. However, microneedles (MNs) (or microneedle arrays) are low-invasive 3D biomedical constructs that bypass the skin barrier and produce systemic and localized pharmacological effects. In the past, biomaterials such as carbohydrates, due to their physicochemical properties, have been extensively used to manufacture microneedles (MNs). Due to their wide range of functional groups, carbohydrates enable the design and development of tunable properties and functionalities. In recent years, numerous microneedle products have emerged on the market, although much research needs to be undertaken to overcome the various challenges before the successful introduction of microneedles into the market. As a result, carbohydrate-based microarrays have a high potential to achieve a future step in sensing, drug delivery, and biologics restitution. In this review, a comprehensive overview of carbohydrates such as hyaluronic acid, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, cellulose and starch is discussed systematically. It also discusses the various drug delivery strategies and mechanical properties of biomaterial-based MNs, the progress made so far in the clinical translation of carbohydrate-based MNs, and the promotional opportunities for their commercialization. In conclusion, the article summarizes the future perspectives of carbohydrate-based MNs, which are considered as the new class of topical drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Damiri
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (M.H.R.); (M.M.A.-D.)
| | | | | | - Raviteja Bulusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Vaskuri G. S. Sainaga Jyothi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India;
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Aeshah A. Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College of Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mousa O. Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamdan S. Al-malky
- Regional Drug Information Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Z. Nasrullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (M.H.R.); (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (M.H.R.); (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Mohammed Berrada
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
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57
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Li WX, Zhang XP, Chen BZ, Fei WM, Cui Y, Zhang CY, Guo XD. An update on microneedle-based systems for diabetes. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2275-2286. [PMID: 35112330 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most serious chronic diseases today. Patients with diabetes need frequent insulin injections or blood sampling to monitor blood glucose levels. The microneedles are a painless transdermal drug delivery system, which has great advantages in achieving self-management. There have been a lot of researches on microneedles used in diabetes treatment. Microneedle-based treatment of diabetes has also changed from a simple and reliable system to a complex and efficient system. This review introduces microfluidic, glucose response, and other contents based on microneedles, and some challenges in the development of microneedles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xuan Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Peng Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhi Chen
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Min Fei
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, East Street Cherry Park, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, East Street Cherry Park, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China. .,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Can Yang Zhang
- Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Division, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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58
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Trends in Drug- and Vaccine-based Dissolvable Microneedle Materials and Methods of Fabrication. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 173:54-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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59
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Li M, Vora LK, Peng K, Donnelly RF. Trilayer microneedle array assisted transdermal and intradermal delivery of dexamethasone. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121295. [PMID: 34785356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone is a synthesised glucocorticoid that is widely used in the treatment of various inflammatory skin conditions. Novel trilayer dissolving microneedle arrays were manufactured to assist dexamethasone delivery via the skin. Both transdermal delivery and intradermal delivery of dexamethasone can be achieved this way. Additionally, we proposed a novel strategy of co-formulating dexamethasone and its pro-drug dexamethasone sodium phosphate into the same dissolving microneedle array, with a view to achieving a fast onset of action and also sustained treatment. Here, a 3D-printing technique was employed, for the first time, to fabricate a baseplate for these microneedle arrays. The 3D-printed baseplates provided strong support to aid the insertion of the drug-encapsulated tips. A simple and rapid HPLC method was developed, and validated, to separate and quantify dexamethasone and dexamethasone sodium phosphate in the same sample. Ex-vivo studies found that these trilayer dissolving microneedle arrays could achieve a delivery efficiency of over 40% in intradermal delivery and over 50% in transdermal delivery. Trilayer microneedle-assisted delivery of this glucocorticoid provided a promising alternative to oral and parenteral routes of dexamethasone administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ke Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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60
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Prabhu A, Jose J, Kumar L, Salwa S, Vijay Kumar M, Nabavi SM. Transdermal Delivery of Curcumin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Microneedle Patch: an In Vitro and In Vivo Study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:49. [PMID: 34988698 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is well known for its neuroprotective effect, and also able to alleviate Parkinsonian features. Clinical application of curcumin is limited due to its low bioavailability. Hence, we hypothesized that the microneedles (MN) containing drug-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) may be able to improve its bioavailability and efficacy. The SLNs were prepared with microemulsion technique using glyceryl monostearate as a lipid and tween 80 as a stabilizer. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency of prepared SLNs were determined. The optimized formulation was incorporated into microneedle arrays using micromolding technique and fabricated microneedle patch were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, ex vivo permeation studies, histology studies, and fluorescent microscopy. The fabricated microneedle patch was also evaluated for neuroprotective activity and skin irritation potential. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of SLNs and microneedles confirmed the chemical compatibility of excipients with curcumin. The developed microneedles were also found to be non-irritant with decreased degree of bradykinesia, high motor coordination, and balance ability. The study provided a theoretical basis for the use of novel microneedle containing curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles as a useful tool for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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61
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Parhi R, Sahoo SK, Das A. Applications of polysaccharides in topical and transdermal drug delivery: A recent update of literature. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anik Das
- GITAM Deemed to be University, India
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62
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Step-wise micro-fabrication techniques of microneedle arrays with applications in transdermal drug delivery – A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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63
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Zahoor I, Singh S, Behl T, Sharma N, Naved T, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria S, Fuloria NK, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Wani SN, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Bungau S. Emergence of microneedles as a potential therapeutics in diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3302-3322. [PMID: 34755300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a severe condition in which the pancreas produces inadequate insulin or the insulin generated is ineffective for utilisation by the body; as a result, insulin therapy is required for control blood sugar levels in patients having type 1 diabetes and is widely recommended in advanced type 2 diabetes patients with uncontrolled diabetes despite dual oral therapy, while subcutaneous insulin administration using hypodermic injection or pump-mediated infusion is the traditional route of insulin delivery and causes discomfort, needle phobia, reduced adherence, and risk of infection. Therefore, transdermal insulin delivery has been extensively explored as an appealing alternative to subcutaneous approaches for diabetes management which not only is non-invasive and easy, but also avoids first-pass metabolism and prevents gastrointestinal degradation. Microneedles have been commonly investigated in human subjects for transdermal insulin administration because they are minimally invasive and painless. The different types of microneedles developed for the transdermal delivery of anti-diabetic drugs are discussed in this review, including solid, dissolving, hydrogel, coated, and hollow microneedles. Numerous microneedle products have entered the market in recent years. But, before the microneedles can be effectively launched into the market, a significant amount of investigation is required to address the numerous challenges. In conclusion, the use of microneedles in the transdermal system is an area worth investigating because of its significant benefits over the oral route in the delivery of anti-diabetic medications and biosensing of blood sugar levels to assure improved clinical outcomes in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Zahoor
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tanveer Naved
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | | | | | | | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | | | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Academic Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Centro Latinoamericano de Ensenanza E Investigacion en Bacteriologia Alimentaria, Universidad Nacinol Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias Y Humanidades, Lima, Peru
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Lu X, Sun Y, Han M, Chen D, Wang A, Sun K. Silk fibroin double-layer microneedles for the encapsulation and controlled release of triptorelin. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121433. [PMID: 34968682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A double-layer silk fibroin microneedles (SF-MNs) was proposed for the transdermal delivery of triptorelin. Two-step pouring and centrifugation were employed to prepare SF-MNs. Triptorelin was wrapped in MNs in the form of microcrystals with a size of ∼1 μm. β-sheet nanocrystals (the secondary structure of silk fibroin) were adjusted in content by methanol-vapor treatment to manipulate the characteristics of SF-MNs prepared with two concentrations of silk fibroin. The mechanical strength of MNs was measured and analyzed in proportion to the β-sheet content. The triptorelin in MNs could be released sustainedly in phosphate-buffered saline for 168 h, and the release amount decreased with increasing β-sheet content. The Ritger-Peppas equation was employed to fit the release data. A linear decreasing relationship was observed between the diffusion coefficient and increased β-sheet content. After administration to rats, SF-MNs exhibited long-term testosterone inhibition and maintained castration levels for ≥7 d. Manipulable mechanical properties and release behavior combined with biocompatibility and biodegradability render SF-MNs as viable long-term transdermal delivery devices for triptorelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yiying Sun
- Shandong International Biotechnology Park Development Co., Ltd., Yantai 264670, China
| | - Meishan Han
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Daoyuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Kaoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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65
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Altuntaş E, Tekko IA, Vora LK, Kumar N, Brodsky R, Chevallier O, McAlister E, Kurnia Anjani Q, McCarthy HO, Donnelly RF. Nestorone nanosuspension-loaded dissolving microneedles array patch: A promising novel approach for "on-demand" hormonal female-controlled peritcoital contraception. Int J Pharm 2021; 614:121422. [PMID: 34958899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
"On demand" hormonal female-controlled pericoital contraception is one strategy which could be used to minimize the impact of unintended pregnancy. Nestorone (NES) is a potent contraceptive, with relatively few side effects in comparison with other contraceptives. NES presents an attractive option for "on demand" pericoital contraceptive. Unfortunately, the drug is inactive if taken orally, but it has high progestational activity and antiovulatory potency if administered parenterally. Current drug delivery systems, such as a transdermal hydrogel are not so satisfactory. Dissolving microneedles array (DMNs) are an attractive alternative, minimally-invasive, delivery system. In this study, we report, for the first time, development of tip-loaded NES-nanosuspension (NES-NS)-loaded bilayer DMNs to deliver NES intradermally for subsequent release. NES-NS was prepared and optimised, freeze-dried and then used to fabricate DMNs using a blend of two biocompatible polymers, namely poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). Both NES-NS and the NES-NS-loaded DMNs were fully characterised and the performance of the DMNs was evaluated in vivo using Sprague Dawley rats. Results showed that the finalised NES-NS had particle size and PDI values of 666.06 ± 1.86 nm and 0.183 ± 0.01, respectively. The NES-NS-DMNs had relatively high tips-localised drug loading (approximately 2.26 ± 1.98 mg/array) and exhibited satisfactory mechanical and insertion properties. In Sprague Dawley rats, DMNs delivered NES into the skin, with the drug then appearing in blood and rapidly reaching its maximum concentration (Cmax of 32.68 ± 14.06 ng/mL) within 1h post-DMNs application. Plasma levels above 3.4 ng/mL were maintained for 2 days. This suggests that DMNs are a promising drug delivery system that could be used to deliver NES as an "On demand" hormonal female-controlled pericoital contraceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Altuntaş
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34416, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismaiel A Tekko
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Narender Kumar
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Brodsky
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Chevallier
- Avignon Université, Campus Jean-Henri Fabre, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza BP 21239, 84911 Avignon cedex 9, France; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Science, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Emma McAlister
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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66
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Nasiri MI, Vora LK, Ershaid JA, Peng K, Tekko IA, Donnelly RF. Nanoemulsion-based dissolving microneedle arrays for enhanced intradermal and transdermal delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:881-896. [PMID: 34939170 PMCID: PMC8694761 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of dissolving microneedles (DMN) is one of the advanced technologies in transdermal drug delivery systems, which precisely deliver the drugs through a rapid dissolution of polymers after insertion into the skin. In this study, we fabricated nanoemulsion-loaded dissolving microneedle (DMN) arrays for intradermal and transdermal drug delivery. For this task, model drug (amphotericin B, AmB)-loaded nanoemulsion (NE) were prepared by the probe-sonication method. AmB-loaded-NE was prepared using Capmul MCM C-8 EP/NF, Tween® 80, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA-10 kDa), and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP-360 kDa or K29/32) by using SpeedMixer™, followed by probe-sonication and evaluated for particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was also used to assess the particle size before and after DMN casting. AmB-NE embedded DMN arrays were found to be strong enough, revealed efficient skin insertion, and penetrated down to the fourth layer (depth ≈ 508 μm) of Parafilm M® (validated skin model). Ex vivo skin deposition experiments in full-thickness neonatal porcine demonstrated that after 24 h, AmB-NE-DMN arrays were able to deposit 111.05 ± 48.4 µg/patch AmB into the skin. At the same time, transdermal porcine skin permeation studies showed significantly higher permeability of AmB (29.60 ± 8.23 μg/patch) from AmB-NE-DMN compared to MN-free AmB-NE patches (5.0 ± 6.15 μg/patch) over 24 h. Antifungal studies of optimized AmB-NE-DMN, AmB-loaded discs and drug-free DMN against Candida albicans, confirmed the synergistic activity of Campul-MCM C-8, used in the nanoemulsion formulation. This study establishes that nanoemulsion based dissolving microneedle may serve as an efficient system for intradermal as well as transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Iqbal Nasiri
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Juhaina Abu Ershaid
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ke Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ismaiel A Tekko
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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67
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Ruan S, Zhang Y, Feng N. Microneedle-mediated transdermal nanodelivery systems: a review. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:8065-8089. [PMID: 34752590 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01249e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The greatest limitation in the development of transdermal drug delivery systems is that only a few drugs can permeate the skin due to the barrier function of the stratum corneum. Active and passive methods are generally available for improving the ability of drug transdermal delivery. However, nanoparticles, as a passive approach, exhibit capacity-constrained permeation enhancement. Thus, microneedle-mediated nanoparticles possess enormous potential and broad prospects. Microneedles promote the penetration of macromolecules by creating microchannels on the skin surface. In this review, the prevailing subknowledge on microneedles (mechanism, classification, and applications of microneedles combined with nanoparticles) is discussed to provide a guideline for readers and a basic reference for further in-depth studies of this novel drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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68
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Berillo D, Zharkinbekov Z, Kim Y, Raziyeva K, Temirkhanova K, Saparov A. Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Transdermal, Transmucosal and Ocular Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2050. [PMID: 34959332 PMCID: PMC8708789 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their conventional and widespread use, oral and intravenous routes of drug administration face several limitations. In particular, orally administered drugs undergo enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass metabolism in the liver, which tend to decrease their bioavailability. Intravenous infusions of medications are invasive, painful and stressful for patients and carry the risk of infections, tissue damage and other adverse reactions. In order to account for these disadvantages, alternative routes of drug delivery, such as transdermal, nasal, oromucosal, ocular and others, have been considered. Moreover, drug formulations have been modified in order to improve their storage stability, solubility, absorption and safety. Recently, stimuli-responsive polymers have been shown to achieve controlled release and enhance the bioavailability of multiple drugs. In this review, we discuss the most up-to-date use of stimuli-responsive materials in order to optimize the delivery of medications that are unstable to pH or undergo primary metabolism via transdermal, nasal, oromucosal and ocular routes. Release kinetics, diffusion parameters and permeation rate of the drug via the mucosa or skin are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Berillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Botany School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
| | - Zharylkasyn Zharkinbekov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.Z.); (Y.K.); (K.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Yevgeniy Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.Z.); (Y.K.); (K.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Kamila Raziyeva
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.Z.); (Y.K.); (K.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Kamila Temirkhanova
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.Z.); (Y.K.); (K.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Arman Saparov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.Z.); (Y.K.); (K.R.); (K.T.)
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69
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Peng K, Vora LK, Tekko IA, Permana AD, Domínguez-Robles J, Ramadon D, Chambers P, McCarthy HO, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF. Dissolving microneedle patches loaded with amphotericin B microparticles for localised and sustained intradermal delivery: Potential for enhanced treatment of cutaneous fungal infections. J Control Release 2021; 339:361-380. [PMID: 34619227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections affect millions of people globally and are often unreceptive to conventional topical or oral preparations because of low drug bioavailability at the infection site, lack of sustained therapeutic effect, and the development of drug resistance. Amphotericin B (AmB) is one of the most potent antifungal agents. It is increasingly important since fungal co-infections associated with COVID-19 are frequently reported. AmB is only administered via injections (IV) and restricted to life-threatening infections due to its nephrotoxicity and administration-related side effects. In this work, we introduce, for the first time, dissolving microneedle patches (DMP) loaded with micronised particles of AmB to achieve localised and long-acting intradermal delivery of AmB for treatment of cutaneous fungal infections. AmB was pulverised with poly (vinyl alcohol) and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) to form micronised particles-loaded gels, which were then cast into DMP moulds to form the tips. The mean particle size of AmB in AmB DMP tips after pulverisation was 1.67 ± 0.01 μm. This is an easy way to fabricate and load microparticles into DMP, as few steps are required, and no organic solvents are needed. AmB had no covalent chemical interaction with the excipients, but the crystallinity of AmB was reduced in the tips. AmB was completely released from the tips within 4 days in vitro. AmB DMP presented inhibition of Candida albicans (CA) and the killing rate of AmB DMP against CA biofilm inside porcine skin reached 100% within 24 h. AmB DMP were able to pierce excised neonatal porcine skin at an insertion depth of 301.34 ± 46.86 μm. Ex vivo dermatokinetic and drug deposition studies showed that AmB was mainly deposited in the dermis. An in vivo dermatokinetic study revealed that the area under curve (AUC0-inf) values of AmB DMP and IV (Fungizone® bolus injection 1 mg/kg) groups were 8823.0 d∙μg/g and 33.4 d∙μg/g, respectively (264-fold higher). AmB remained at high levels (219.07 ± 102.81 μg/g or more) in the skin until 7 days after the application of AmB DMP. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies showed that AmB concentration in plasma, kidney, liver, and spleen in the AmB DMP group was significantly lower than that in the IV group. Accordingly, this system addressed the systemic side effects of intravenous injection of AmB and localised the drug inside the skin for a week. This work establishes a novel, easy and effective method for long-acting and localised intradermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Ismaiel A Tekko
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Faculty of Pharmacy, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Delly Ramadon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Philip Chambers
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
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70
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QbD steered fabrication of Pullulan-Terminalia catappa-Carbopol®971P film forming gel for improved rheological, textural and biopharmaceutical aspects. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1301-1312. [PMID: 34743813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In present work, a film forming gel (FFG) was developed through ingenious amalgamation of polymers: Pullulan, Terminalia catappa and Carbopol®971P ® for cutaneous delivery of clotrimazole (CTZ) employing D-optimal mixture design. The developed FFG possess pseudoplastic, viscoelastic, thixotropic characteristics leading to good spreadability (35.71 ± 1.72 g·s, work of shear; 452.73 ± 8.23 g, firmness). Upon solvent evaporation, FFG converted in situ into bioadhesive film (81.90 ± 3.24 g) leading to longer residence on skin surface, prolonged delivery and ~1.3 fold enhanced CTZ skin retention as compare to commercial cream as evident from biopharmaceutical analysis, which is ideal for skin infections treatment. The simulation analysis suggested ≥10 μg/mL (MIC against C. albicans) CTZ concentration maintained for 2 times the days in rat skin as well as human skin as compared to commercial cream. Overall, the developed FFG system ascertained to be promising delivery system for treatment of chronic skin conditions.
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Zhao J, Xu G, Yao X, Zhou H, Lyu B, Pei S, Wen P. Microneedle-based insulin transdermal delivery system: current status and translation challenges. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:2403-2427. [PMID: 34671948 PMCID: PMC8528479 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease manifested by hyperglycemia. For patients with type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin therapy is essential. Subcutaneous injection remains the most common administration method. Non-invasive insulin delivery technologies are pursued because of their benefits of decreasing patients' pain, anxiety, and stress. Transdermal delivery systems have gained extensive attention due to the ease of administration and absence of hepatic first-pass metabolism. Microneedle (MN) technology is one of the most promising tactics, which can effectively deliver insulin through skin stratum corneum in a minimally invasive and painless way. This article will review the research progress of MNs in insulin transdermal delivery, including hollow MNs, dissolving MNs, hydrogel MNs, and glucose-responsive MN patches, in which insulin dosage can be strictly controlled. The clinical studies about insulin delivery with MN devices have also been summarized and grouped based on the study phase. There are still several challenges to achieve successful translation of MNs-based insulin therapy. In this review, we also discussed these challenges including safety, efficacy, patient/prescriber acceptability, manufacturing and scale-up, and regulatory authority acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Prinbury Biopharm Co, 538 Cailun Road Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Shanghai, Ltd, 200120 No China
| | - Genying Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xin Yao
- Prinbury Biopharm Co, 538 Cailun Road Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Shanghai, Ltd, 200120 No China
| | - Huirui Zhou
- Prinbury Biopharm Co, 538 Cailun Road Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Shanghai, Ltd, 200120 No China
| | - Boyang Lyu
- Prinbury Biopharm Co, 538 Cailun Road Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Shanghai, Ltd, 200120 No China
| | - Shuangshuang Pei
- Prinbury Biopharm Co, 538 Cailun Road Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Shanghai, Ltd, 200120 No China
| | - Ping Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai, 200120 China
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Polymeric microneedles for transdermal delivery of nanoparticles: Frontiers of formulation, sterility and stability aspects. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Aich K, Singh T, Dang S. Advances in microneedle-based transdermal delivery for drugs and peptides. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1556-1568. [PMID: 34564827 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery is a viable and clinically proven route of administration. This route specifically requires overcoming the mechanical barrier provided by the Stratum Corneum of epidermis and vascular and nervous networks within the dermis. First-generation Transdermal patches and second-generation iontophoretic patches have been translated into commercial clinical products successfully. The current review reports different studies that aim to enhance the transdermal delivery of biopharmaceutical using microneedles and their effect on drug delivery. Microneedles (MN) are the micron-scale hybrid between transdermal patches and hypodermic syringes. Microneedles are tested and proven to show better delivery of the drugs, overcoming the drawbacks of hypodermic syringes. Multiple microneedles designs have been fabricated i.e. solid, coated, hollow, and polymer microneedles. Hollow microneedles are shorter in length but similar to hypodermic needles and have pore for infusion of liquid formulation of the drug. Solid microneedles a patch is applied after creating a hole in the skin; Drugs are coated on the surface of Coated microneedles; Polymer microneedles can be of different types like dissolving, non-dissolving or hydrogel-forming made up of polymers. Various advantages and limitations associated with the use of these techniques are discussed. Delivery of peptide and protein molecules with microneedles represents a significant opportunity for a better clinical outcome and hence value creation compared to standard injectable routes of administration. The advancement in various formulation and microfabrication techniques are currently being focused to aid the delivery of protein drugs via microneedles. The most recent advances and limitations in Microneedles -mediated protein and peptide delivery were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Aich
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanya Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Dang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Wang C, Liu S, Xu J, Gao M, Qu Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Cui X. Dissolvable microneedles based on Panax notoginseng polysaccharide for transdermal drug delivery and skin dendritic cell activation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 268:118211. [PMID: 34127215 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This work explored the feasibility of using biological polysaccharide to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (MNs) for the purpose of transdermal drug delivery and skin dendritic cell (DC) activation. Panax notoginseng polysaccharide (PNPS), a naturally derived immunoactive macromolecule, was used to fabricate dissolvable MNs. The prepared PNPS MNs showed a satisfactory mechanical strength and a skin penetration depth. By Franz diffusion cell assay, the PNPS MNs demonstrated a high transdermal delivery amount of model drugs. Furthermore, with the assistance of MNs, PNPS easily penetrated across the stratum corneum and target ear skin DCs, activating the maturation and migration of immunocytes by increasing the expressions of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC II of skin DCs. Consequently, the matured DCs migrated to the auricular draining lymph nodes and increased the proportions of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells. Thus, PNPS might be a promising biomaterial for transdermal drug delivery, with adjuvant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Junwei Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mingju Gao
- Wenshan University, Yunnan Province, Wenshan 663000, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xiuming Cui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China.
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Hydrophobically Grafted Pullulan Nanocarriers for Percutaneous Delivery: Preparation and Preliminary In Vitro Characterisation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172852. [PMID: 34502895 PMCID: PMC8434112 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric colloidal nanocarriers formulated from hydrophobically grafted carbohydrates have been the subject of intensive research due to their potential to increase the percutaneous penetration of hydrophilic actives. To this goal, a series of hydrophobically grafted pullulan (BMO-PUL) derivatives with varying degree of grafting (5–64%) was prepared through functionalisation with 2-(butoxymethyl)oxirane. The results demonstrated that monodispersed BMO-PUL nanocarriers (size range 125–185 nm) could be easily prepared via nanoprecipitation; they exhibit close-to-spherical morphology and adequate stability at physiologically relevant pH. The critical micellar concentration of BMO-PUL was found to be inversely proportional to their molecular weight (Mw) and degree of grafting (DG), with values of 60 mg/L and 40 mg/L for DG of 12.6% and 33.8%, respectively. The polymeric nanocarriers were loaded with the low Mw hydrophilic active α-arbutin (16% loading), and the release of this active was studied at varying pH values (5 and 7), with a slightly faster release observed in acidic conditions; the release profiles can be best described by a first-order kinetic model. In vitro investigations of BMO-PUL nanocarriers (concentration range 0.1–4 mg/mL) using immortalised skin human keratinocytes cells (HaCaT) evidenced their lack of toxicity, with more than 85% cell viability after 24 h. A four-fold enhance in arbutin permeation through HaCaT monolayers was recorded when the active was encapsulated within the BMO-PUL nanocarriers. Altogether, the results obtained from the in vitro studies highlighted the potential of BMO-PUL nanocarriers for percutaneous delivery applications, which would warrant further investigation in vivo.
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Erdem Ö, Eş I, Akceoglu GA, Saylan Y, Inci F. Recent Advances in Microneedle-Based Sensors for Sampling, Diagnosis and Monitoring of Chronic Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:296. [PMID: 34562886 PMCID: PMC8470661 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases (CDs) are noncommunicable illnesses with long-term symptoms accounting for ~70% of all deaths worldwide. For the diagnosis and prognosis of CDs, accurate biomarker detection is essential. Currently, the detection of CD-associated biomarkers is employed through complex platforms with certain limitations in their applicability and performance. There is hence unmet need to present innovative strategies that are applicable to the point-of-care (PoC) settings, and also, provide the precise detection of biomarkers. On the other hand, especially at PoC settings, microneedle (MN) technology, which comprises micron-size needles arranged on a miniature patch, has risen as a revolutionary approach in biosensing strategies, opening novel horizons to improve the existing PoC devices. Various MN-based platforms have been manufactured for distinctive purposes employing several techniques and materials. The development of MN-based biosensors for real-time monitoring of CD-associated biomarkers has garnered huge attention in recent years. Herein, we summarize basic concepts of MNs, including microfabrication techniques, design parameters, and their mechanism of action as a biosensing platform for CD diagnosis. Moreover, recent advances in the use of MNs for CD diagnosis are introduced and finally relevant clinical trials carried out using MNs as biosensing devices are highlighted. This review aims to address the potential use of MNs in CD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgecan Erdem
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Ö.E.); (I.E.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Ismail Eş
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Ö.E.); (I.E.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Garbis Atam Akceoglu
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Ö.E.); (I.E.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Yeşeren Saylan
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Ö.E.); (I.E.); (G.A.A.)
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Kang NW, Kim S, Lee JY, Kim KT, Choi Y, Oh Y, Kim J, Kim DD, Park JH. Microneedles for drug delivery: recent advances in materials and geometry for preclinical and clinical studies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:929-947. [PMID: 32975144 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1828860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A microneedle array patch (MAP) has been studied as a means for delivering drugs or vaccines and has shown superior delivery efficiency compared to the conventional transdermal drug delivery system (TDD). This paper reviews recent advancements in the development of MAPs, with a focus on their size, shapes, and materials in preclinical and clinical studies for pharmaceutics. AREA COVERED We classified MAPs for drug delivery into four types: coated, dissolving, separable, and swellable. We covered their recent developments in materials and geometry in preclinical and clinical studies. EXPERT OPINION The design of MAPs needs to be determined based on what properties would be effective for the target diseases and purposes. In addition, in preclinical studies, it is necessary to consider not only the novelty of the formulations but also the feasibility of clinical application. Currently, clinical studies of microneedles loaded with various drugs and vaccines are in progress. When the regulation of pharmaceutical microneedles is established and more clinical studies are published, more drugs will be developed as microneedle products and clinical research will proceed. With these considerations, the microneedle array patch will be a better option for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nae-Won Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuji Choi
- Department of BioNano Technology and Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Oh
- Department of BioNano Technology and Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchan Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology and Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of BioNano Technology and Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Shen D, Yu H, Wang L, Chen X, Feng J, Zhang Q, Xiong W, Pan J, Han Y, Liu X. Biodegradable phenylboronic acid-modified ε-polylysine for glucose-responsive insulin delivery via transdermal microneedles. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6017-6028. [PMID: 34259305 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00880c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles with insulin-loaded glucose-responsive particles are promising to control the blood glucose levels of diabetic patients. In particular, the long-term usage of these microneedles calls for biodegradable and cost-effective particles, which are still large challenges. In this paper, glucose-responsive 4-carboxy-3-fluorophenylboronic acid-grafted ε-polylysine (CFPBA-g-PL) was synthesized to meet these requirements. CFPBA-g-PL had low cytotoxicity, good hemocompatibility and no tissue reaction. The pharmacokinetics of CFPBA-g-PL were also studied. The self-assembled particles of CFPBA-g-PL were prepared via simple ultrasonic treatment. The insulin-loaded particles of CFPBA-g-PL (named INS/GRP-12.8) presented a glucose-responsive insulin delivery performance based on the disassembly-related mechanism in vitro. The INS/GRP-12.8-encapsulated microneedle patch with a uniform morphology and moderate skin penetration performance was prepared via a molding strategy. INS/GRP-12.8 lasted for more than 8 hours of normoglycemia on STZ-induced diabetic SD rats via subcutaneous injection and the INS/GRP-12.8-encapsulated microneedle patch also showed a blood-glucose-level-lowering performance in vivo via transdermal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Jingyi Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
| | - Jin Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
| | - Yin Han
- Zhejiang Institute of Medical Device Testing, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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Hydrogel-forming microneedles for rapid and efficient skin deposition of controlled release tip-implants. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Bhadale RS, Londhe VY. A systematic review of carbohydrate-based microneedles: current status and future prospects. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:89. [PMID: 34331594 PMCID: PMC8325649 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) are minimally invasive tridimensional biomedical devices that bypass the skin barrier resulting in systemic and localized pharmacological effects. Historically, biomaterials such as carbohydrates, due to their physicochemical properties, have been used widely to fabricate MNs. Owing to their broad spectrum of functional groups, carbohydrates permit designing and engineering with tunable properties and functionalities. This has led the carbohydrate-based microarrays possessing the great potential to take a futuristic step in detecting, drug delivery, and retorting to biologicals. In this review, the crucial and extensive summary of carbohydrates such as hyaluronic acid, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, cellulose, and starch has been discussed systematically, using PRISMA guidelines. It also discusses different approaches for drug delivery and the mechanical properties of biomaterial-based MNs, till date, progress has been achieved in clinical translation of carbohydrate-based MNs, and regulatory requirements for their commercialization. In conclusion, it describes a brief perspective on the future prospects of carbohydrate-based MNs referred to as the new class of topical drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali S Bhadale
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Vile Parle [W], Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaishali Y Londhe
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Vile Parle [W], Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India.
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Yadav PR, Munni MN, Campbell L, Mostofa G, Dobson L, Shittu M, Pattanayek SK, Uddin MJ, Das DB. Translation of Polymeric Microneedles for Treatment of Human Diseases: Recent Trends, Progress, and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1132. [PMID: 34452093 PMCID: PMC8401662 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing search for biodegradable and biocompatible microneedles (MNs) that are strong enough to penetrate skin barriers, easy to prepare, and can be translated for clinical use continues. As such, this review paper is focused upon discussing the key points (e.g., choice polymeric MNs) for the translation of MNs from laboratory to clinical practice. The review reveals that polymers are most appropriately used for dissolvable and swellable MNs due to their wide range of tunable properties and that natural polymers are an ideal material choice as they structurally mimic native cellular environments. It has also been concluded that natural and synthetic polymer combinations are useful as polymers usually lack mechanical strength, stability, or other desired properties for the fabrication and insertion of MNs. This review evaluates fabrication methods and materials choice, disease and health conditions, clinical challenges, and the future of MNs in public healthcare services, focusing on literature from the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Ranjan Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India;
| | | | - Lauryn Campbell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Golam Mostofa
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (M.N.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Lewis Dobson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Morayo Shittu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Md. Jasim Uddin
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (M.N.M.); (G.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; (P.R.Y.); (L.C.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
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Photopolymerizable pullulan: Synthesis, self-assembly and inkjet printing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 592:430-439. [PMID: 33706154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Pullulan, an exopolysaccharide consisting of maltotriose repeating units, has recently found many applications in different fields, such as food, packaging, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The introduction of photo-crosslinkable methacrylic units potentially allows to use pullulan derivative in inkjet 3D printing. EXPERIMENTS Pullulan was functionalized with methacrylic groups and the derivative was characterized by NMR, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Water dispersions were thoroughly investigated by optical microscopy, SAXS and rheology to evaluate the self-assembly properties and they were used as photo-crosslinkable inks in a 3D printer, also in comparison with pristine pullulan. The structural and mechanical properties of the obtained films were studied by Atomic Force Microscopy and tensile strength tests. FINDINGS The introduction of methacrylic groups moderately affects the self-assembly of the polymer in water, resulting in a slight increase of the gyration radius of the polymer coils and in a small decrease of the viscosity, retaining the typical shear-thinning behavior of concentrated polysaccharides in water. The structural and mechanical properties of the 3D printed films are much more affected, showing the presence of sub-micrometric phase segregated domains which are further separated by the cross-linking. As a result, the deformability of the materials is improved, with a lower tensile strength.
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83
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Zhang L, Guo R, Wang S, Yang X, Ling G, Zhang P. Fabrication, evaluation and applications of dissolving microneedles. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120749. [PMID: 34051319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, transdermal preparations have emerged as one of the most promising modes of administration. In particular, dissolving microneedles have attracted extensive attention because of their painlessness, safety, high delivery efficiency and easily operation for patients. This article mainly reviews the preparation methods, the types of matrix polymer materials, the content of dissolving microneedles performance testing, and the applications of dissolving microneedles. It is expected to lay a solid knowledge foundation for the in-depth study of the dissolving microneedles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ranran Guo
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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84
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Wu Y, Vora LK, Wang Y, Adrianto MF, Tekko IA, Waite D, Donnelly RF, Thakur RRS. Long-acting nanoparticle-loaded bilayer microneedles for protein delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:306-318. [PMID: 34048879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of neovascular ocular diseases involves intravitreal injections of therapeutic proteins using conventional hypodermic needles every 4-6 weeks. Due to the chronic nature of these diseases, these injections will be administrated to patients for the rest of their lives and their frequent nature can potentially pose a risk of sight-threatening complications and poor patient compliance. Therefore, we propose to develop nanoparticle (NP)-loaded bilayer dissolving microneedle (MN) arrays, to sustain delivery of protein drugs in a minimally invasive manner. In this research, a model protein, ovalbumin (OVA)-encapsulated PLGA NPs were prepared and optimised using a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion method. The impact of stabilisers and primary sonication time on the stability of encapsulated OVA was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that the lower primary sonication time was capable of sustaining release (77 days at 28.5% OVA loading) and improving the OVA bioactivity. The optimised NPs were then incorporated into a polymeric matrix to fabricate bilayer MNs and specifically concentrated into MN tips by high-speed centrifugation. Optimised bilayer MNs exhibited good mechanical and insertion properties and rapid dissolution kinetics (less than 3 min) in excised porcine sclera. Importantly, ex vivo transscleral distribution studies conducted using a multiphoton microscope confirmed the important function of MN arrays in the localisation of proteins and NPs in the scleral tissue. Furthermore, the polymers selected to prepare bilayer MNs and OVA NPs were determined to be biocompatible with retinal cells (ARPE-19). This delivery approach could potentially sustain the release of encapsulated proteins for more than two months and effectively bypass the scleral barrier, leading to a promising therapy for treating neovascular ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Yujing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Muhammad Faris Adrianto
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ismaiel A Tekko
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Faculty of Pharmacy, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - David Waite
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Raghu Raj Singh Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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85
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Zong Q, Guo R, Dong N, Ling G, Zhang P. Design and development of insulin microneedles for diabetes treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:973-980. [PMID: 33851362 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
As a painless and minimally invasive method of self-administration, microneedle is very promising to replace subcutaneous injection of insulin for type I diabetes treatment. Since the introduction of microneedles, many scholars have paid attention to and studied this technology, which has made it developed rapidly. However, there is no product on the market or in clinical trials at present. The reason is that there are still many technical problems in microneedle drug delivery system, such as the perfect integration of stable, controllable, fast, long-lasting, safe, and other necessary conditions. Here, we review the achievements that researchers have made that contain one or more of the above factors, and put some ideas to solve the limitations of insulin delivery by microneedles for reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qida Zong
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ranran Guo
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Naijun Dong
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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86
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Novel dissolving microneedles preparation for synergistic melasma therapy: Combined effects of tranexamic acid and licorice extract. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120406. [PMID: 33711468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare dissolving microneedles (DMNs) patches containing tranexamic acid (TA) for the treatment of melasma. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were preferred as matrix materials through the compatibility experiment. In the in vitro permeation study, the transdermal amount of TA was significantly promoted through dissolving microneedles with the cumulative release was 44.43 ± 6.55%. By comparison, the release of TA solution assisted with solid microneedles (SMNs) was merely 11.31 ± 2.30% (p < 0.05). Pharmacokinetics study indicated the bioavailability of dissolving microneedles was more than 1.3 times compared with oral administration. In pharmacodynamics investigation, TA dissolving microneedles obviously reduced melanin deposition in the skin of melasma guinea pigs after 8 consecutive administrations. In particular, the combination of tranexamic acid and licorice extract (LIC) dissolving microneedles worked better than tranexamic acid alone. Accelerated stress conditions including high temperature, high humidity, as well as photostability were designed to prove that TA microneedles maintained good pharmaceutical stability. In conclusion, tranexamic acid dissolving microneedles showed reliable quality and remarkable effect. Moreover, the combination of tranexamic acid and licorice extract had a synergistic therapy in melasma.
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87
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Cárcamo-Martínez Á, Mallon B, Domínguez-Robles J, Vora LK, Anjani QK, Donnelly RF. Hollow microneedles: A perspective in biomedical applications. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120455. [PMID: 33676993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles (MN) have the potential to become a highly progressive device for both drug delivery and monitoring purposes as they penetrate the skin and pierce the stratum corneum barrier, allowing the delivery of drugs in the viable skin layers and the extraction of body fluids. Despite the many years of research and the different types of MN developed, only hollow MN have reached the pharmaceutical market under the path of medical devices. Therefore, this review focuses on hollow MN, materials and methods for their fabrication as well as their application in drug delivery, vaccine delivery and monitoring purposes. Furthermore, novel approaches for the fabrication of hollow MN are included as well as prospects of microneedle-based products on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brónach Mallon
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Qonita K Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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88
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Eum J, Kim Y, Um DJ, Shin J, Yang H, Jung H. Solvent-Free Polycaprolactone Dissolving Microneedles Generated via the Thermal Melting Method for the Sustained Release of Capsaicin. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:167. [PMID: 33567577 PMCID: PMC7914501 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Dissolving microneedles (DMNs), a transdermal drug delivery system, have been developed to treat various diseases in a minimally invasive, painless manner. However, the currently available DMNs are based on burst release systems due to their hydrophilic backbone polymer. Although hydrophobic biodegradable polymers have been employed on DMNs for sustained release, dissolution in an organic solvent is required for fabrication of such DMNs. (2) Method: To overcome the aforementioned limitation, novel separable polycaprolactone (PCL) DMNs (SPCL-DMNs) were developed to implant a PCL-encapsulated drug into the skin. PCL is highly hydrophobic, degrades over a long time, and has a low melting point. Under thermal melting, PCL encapsulated capsaicin and could be fabricated into a DMN without the risk of toxicity from an organic solvent. (3) Results: Optimized SPCL-DMNs, containing PCL (height 498.3 ± 5.8 µm) encapsulating 86.66 ± 1.13 µg capsaicin with a 10% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol and 20% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone mixture as a base polymer, were generated. Assessment of the drug release profile revealed that this system could sustainably release capsaicin for 15 days from PCL being implanted in porcine skin. (4) Conclusion: The implantable SPCL-DMN developed here has the potential for future development of toxicity-free, sustained release DMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehong Eum
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.E.); (Y.K.); (D.J.U.); (J.S.)
| | - Youseong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.E.); (Y.K.); (D.J.U.); (J.S.)
| | - Daniel Junmin Um
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.E.); (Y.K.); (D.J.U.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiwoo Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.E.); (Y.K.); (D.J.U.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Hyungil Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.E.); (Y.K.); (D.J.U.); (J.S.)
- JUVIC Inc., Seoul 08389, Korea;
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89
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Elahpour N, Pahlevanzadeh F, Kharaziha M, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Ramakrishna S, Berto F. 3D printed microneedles for transdermal drug delivery: A brief review of two decades. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120301. [PMID: 33540018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) technology shows excellent potential in controlled drug delivery, which has got rising attention from investigators and clinics. MNs can pierce through the stratum corneum layer of the skin into the epidermis, evading interaction with nerve fibers. MN patches have been fabricated using various types of materials and application processes. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing gives the prototyping and manufacturing methods the flexibility to produce the MN patches in a one-step manner with high levels of shape complexity and duplicability. This review aims to go through the last successes in 3D printed MN-based patches. In this regard, after the evaluation of various types of MNs and fabrication techniques, we will study different 3D printing approaches applied for MN patch fabrication. We further highlight the state of the art of the long-acting MNs and related progress with a specific look at what should come within the scope of upcoming researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Elahpour
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Pahlevanzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Filippo Berto
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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90
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Gao Y, Zhang W, Cheng YF, Cao Y, Xu Z, Xu LQ, Kang Y, Xue P. Intradermal administration of green synthesized nanosilver (NS) through film-coated PEGDA microneedles for potential antibacterial applications. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2244-2254. [PMID: 33514957 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Skin infections caused by pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses, are difficult to completely eliminate through standard topical administration, owing to the restricted drug permeation into the epidermis layer. Herein, we developed a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) microneedle patch with surface coating of a nanosilver (NS) encapsulated gelatin/sucrose film for antibacterial applications, by virtue of enhanced skin permeation by microneedle penetration and efficient drug delivery through rapid film dissolving. NS was facilely synthesized through a green process based on the bioinspired crystallization of ionic state silver in the presence of a silk fibroin (SF) template. A gelatin/sucrose polymeric film encapsulating NS was dressed on the surface of the mold cavity, and film-coated PEGDA (PEGDA/film-NS) microneedles were subsequently fabricated through standard ultraviolet (UV) light-induced polymerization. To demonstrate their advantages for therapeutic applications, the physicochemical properties of the as-developed microneedles were characterized in terms of their morphology, composition, mechanical strength, etc. Moreover, rapid NS release from PEGDA@film-NS microneedles driven by the aqueous environment was demonstrated under physiological conditions. Additionally, such film-coated microneedles exhibited good mechanical strength for skin penetration, and their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus) as well as Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was verified using bacterial suspension in vitro. Altogether, such a minimally invasive strategy exhibited good potential for realizing a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, which may provide a practical methodology for the management of polymicrobial skin infection during clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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91
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Enhancement strategies for transdermal drug delivery systems: current trends and applications. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:758-791. [PMID: 33474709 PMCID: PMC7817074 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems have become an intriguing research topic in pharmaceutical technology area and one of the most frequently developed pharmaceutical products in global market. The use of these systems can overcome associated drawbacks of other delivery routes, such as oral and parenteral. The authors will review current trends, and future applications of transdermal technologies, with specific focus on providing a comprehensive understanding of transdermal drug delivery systems and enhancement strategies. This article will initially discuss each transdermal enhancement method used in the development of first-generation transdermal products. These methods include drug/vehicle interactions, vesicles and particles, stratum corneum modification, energy-driven methods and stratum corneum bypassing techniques. Through suitable design and implementation of active stratum corneum bypassing methods, notably microneedle technology, transdermal delivery systems have been shown to deliver both low and high molecular weight drugs. Microneedle technology platforms have proven themselves to be more versatile than other transdermal systems with opportunities for intradermal delivery of drugs/biotherapeutics and therapeutic drug monitoring. These have shown that microneedles have been a prospective strategy for improving transdermal delivery systems.
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92
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Dugam S, Tade R, Dhole R, Nangare S. Emerging era of microneedle array for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications: recent advances and toxicological perspectives. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Microneedles (MNs) are the utmost unique, efficient, and minimally invasive inventions in the pharmaceutical field. Over the past decades, many scientists around the globe have reported MNs cautious because of their superb future in distinct areas. Concerning the wise use of MNs herein, we deal in depth with the present applications of MNs in drug delivery.
Main text
The present review comprises various fabrication materials and methods used for MN synthesis. The article also noted the distinctive advantages of these MNs, which holds huge potential for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The role of MNs in serving as a platform to treat various ailments has been explained accompanied by unusual approaches. The review also inculcates the pharmacokinetics of MNs, which includes permeation, absorption, and bioavailability enhancement. Besides this, the in vitro/in vivo toxicity, biosafety, and marketed product of MNs have been reviewed. We have also discussed the clinical trials and patents on the pharmaceutical applications of MNs in brief.
Conclusion
To sum up, this article gives insight into the MNs and provides a recent advancement in MNs, which pave the pathway for future pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Graphical abstract
Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of MNs
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93
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Pahal S, Badnikar K, Ghate V, Bhutani U, Nayak MM, Subramanyam DN, Vemula PK. Microneedles for Extended Transdermal Therapeutics: A Route to Advanced Healthcare. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 159:151-169. [PMID: 33388372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sustained release of drugs over a pre-determined period is required to maintain an effective therapeutic dose for variety of drug delivery applications. Transdermal devices such as polymeric microneedle patches and other microneedle-based devices have been utilized for sustained release of their payload. Swift clearing of drugs can be prevented either by designing a slow-degrading polymeric matrix or by providing physiochemical triggers to different microneedle-based devices for on-demand release. These long-acting transdermal devices prevent the burst release of drugs. This review highlights the recent advances of microneedle-based devices for sustained release of vaccines, hormones, and antiretrovirals with their prospective safe clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pahal
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India.
| | - Kedar Badnikar
- Department of Electronics Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Vivek Ghate
- Department of Electronics Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Utkarsh Bhutani
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Mangalore Manjunatha Nayak
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | | | - Praveen Kumar Vemula
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India.
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94
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Dabholkar N, Gorantla S, Waghule T, Rapalli VK, Kothuru A, Goel S, Singhvi G. Biodegradable microneedles fabricated with carbohydrates and proteins: Revolutionary approach for transdermal drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:602-621. [PMID: 33387545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been a surge in the use of transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) for the past few years. The market of TDDS is expected to reach USD 7.1 billion by 2023, from USD 5.7 billion in 2018, at a CAGR of 4.5%. Microneedles (MNs) are a novel class of TDDS with advantages of reduced pain, low infection risk, ease of application, controlled release of therapeutic agents, and enhanced bioavailability. Biodegradable MNs fabricated from natural polymers have become the center of attention among formulation scientists because of their recognized biodegradability, biocompatibility, ease of fabrication, and sustainable character. In this review, we summarize the various polysaccharides and polypeptide based biomaterials that are used to fabricate biodegradable MNs. Particular emphasis is given to cellulose and its derivatives, starch, and complex carbohydrate polymers such as alginates, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, xanthan gum, pullulan, and hyaluronic acid. Additionally, novel protein-based polymers such as zein, collagen, gelatin, fish scale and silk fibroin (polyamino acid) biopolymers application in transdermal drug delivery have also been discussed. The current review will provide a unique perspective to the readers on the developments of biodegradable MNs composed of carbohydrates and protein polymers with their clinical applications and patent status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dabholkar
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Avinash Kothuru
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Principal Investigator: MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics Lab, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanket Goel
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Principal Investigator: MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics Lab, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
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95
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Cárcamo-Martínez Á, Mallon B, Anjani QK, Domínguez-Robles J, Utomo E, Vora LK, Tekko IA, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF. Enhancing intradermal delivery of tofacitinib citrate: Comparison between powder-loaded hollow microneedle arrays and dissolving microneedle arrays. Int J Pharm 2020; 593:120152. [PMID: 33301867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo, have been reported as the 4th leading cause of nonfatal disease burden worldwide. This is mainly related to the poor quality of life experienced by these patients. Although topical and systemic steroids represent the most common treatment, the variability in success rates and side effects often lead to treatment discontinuation. Recent off-label clinical studies using oral Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors (e.g., ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baraticinib) have shown promising results. However, frequent side effects, such as infections and blood clots have been reported. Therefore, the aim of this research was to enhance the intradermal delivery of tofacitinib citrate with MN arrays. Using crosslinked hydrogels containing modifying agents (urea, sorbitol and sodium chloride), hollow MN arrays were fabricated and then loaded with tofacitinib citrate. Their efficiency in intradermal delivery of tofacitinib was compared with dissolving MN arrays and a control (Aqueous cream BP), using neonatal porcine skin. Despite the fact that the hydrogel was only present on the outer surface, hollow MN arrays showed comparable resistance to compression values and insertion capabilities to dissolving MN arrays. Although hollow MN arrays containing NaCl in the formulation led to slightly higher depositions of tofacitinib in epidermis and dermis of neonatal porcine skin when compared to a control cream, dissolving MN arrays showed superiority in terms of tofacitinib deposition in the dermis. Indeed, at 24 h of the study, control cream and dissolving MN arrays delivered 143.98 ug/cm2 and 835 ug/cm2 of drug in the dermis, respectively, confirming the enhanced intradermal drug delivery capacity of MN arrays and their potential for treatment of autoimmune skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Cárcamo-Martínez
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Brónach Mallon
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Emilia Utomo
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lalit K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ismael A Tekko
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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96
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Rostamabadi H, Falsafi SR, Assadpour E, Jafari SM. Evaluating the structural properties of bioactive‐loaded nanocarriers with modern analytical tools. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3266-3322. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Rostamabadi
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
| | - Seid Reza Falsafi
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
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97
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Ahmed Saeed AL-Japairai K, Mahmood S, Hamed Almurisi S, Reddy Venugopal J, Rebhi Hilles A, Azmana M, Raman S. Current trends in polymer microneedle for transdermal drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119673. [PMID: 32739388 PMCID: PMC7392082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery using microneedles is increasingly gaining interest due to the issues associated with oral drug delivery routes. Gastrointestinal route exposes the drug to acid and enzymes present in the stomach, leading to denaturation of the compound and resulting in poor bioavailability. Microneedle transdermal drug delivery addresses the problems linked to oral delivery and to relieves the discomfort of patients associated with injections to increase patient compliance. Microneedles can be broadly classified into five types: solid microneedles, coated microneedles, dissolving microneedles, hollow microneedles, and hydrogel-forming microneedles. The materials used for the preparation of microneedles dictate the different applications and features present in the microneedle. Polymeric microneedle arrays present an improved method for transdermal administration of drugs as they penetrate the skin stratum corneum barrier with minimal invasiveness. The review summarizes the importance of polymeric microneedle and discussed some of the most important therapeutic drugs in research, mainly protein drugs, vaccines and small molecule drugs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khater Ahmed Saeed AL-Japairai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Samah Hamed Almurisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Jayarama Reddy Venugopal
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Ayah Rebhi Hilles
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Science and Technology, PICOMS International University College of Medical Sciences, 68100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Motia Azmana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Subashini Raman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
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98
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Ramadon D, Permana AD, Courtenay AJ, McCrudden MTC, Tekko IA, McAlister E, Anjani QK, Utomo E, McCarthy HO, Donnelly RF. Development, Evaluation, and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Polymeric Microarray Patches for Transdermal Delivery of Vancomycin Hydrochloride. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3353-3368. [PMID: 32706591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause harmful and potentially deadly infections. Vancomycin remains the first-line antibiotic treatment for MRSA-derived infections. Nevertheless, as a peptide drug, it is poorly absorbed when administered orally because of its high molecular weight and low permeability in the gastrointestinal tract and is therefore administered intravenously for the treatment of systemic diseases. In order to circumvent some of the many drawbacks associated with intravenous injection, other routes of drug delivery should be investigated. One of the strategies which has been employed to enhance transdermal drug delivery is based on microarray patches (MAPs). This work, for the first time, describes successful transdermal delivery of vancomycin hydrochloride (VCL) using dissolving MAPs (DMAPs) and hydrogel-forming MAPs (HFMAPs). VCL was formulated into DMAPs and reservoirs [film dosage forms, lyophilized wafers, and compressed tablets (CSTs)] using excipients such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(vinyl alcohol), sodium hyaluronate, d-sorbitol, and glycerol. In this study, HFMAPs were manufactured using aqueous blends containing poly(methylvinyl ether-co-maleic acid) cross-linked by esterification with poly(ethylene glycol). The VCL-loaded CSTs (60% w/w VCL) were the most promising reservoirs to be integrated with HFMAPs based on the physicochemical evaluations performed. Both HFMAPs and DMAPs successfully delivered VCL in ex vivo studies with the percentage of drug that permeated across the neonatal porcine skin recorded at 46.39 ± 8.04 and 7.99 ± 0.98%, respectively. In in vivo studies, the area under the plasma concentration time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) values of 162.04 ± 61.84 and 61.01 ± 28.50 μg h/mL were achieved following the application of HFMAPs and DMAPs, respectively. In comparison, the AUC0-∞ of HFMAPs was significantly greater than that of the oral administration control group, which showed an AUC0-∞ of 30.50 ± 9.18 μg h/mL (p < 0.05). This work demonstrates that transdermal delivery of VCL is feasible using DMAPs and HFMAPs and could prove effective in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by MRSA, such as skin and soft tissue infections, lymphatic-related infections, and neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delly Ramadon
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Aaron J Courtenay
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Maelíosa T C McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Ismaiel A Tekko
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aleppo University, Aleppo 12289, Syria
| | - Emma McAlister
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia Utomo
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
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99
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Fabrication of Micro Ultrasonic Powder Molding Polypropylene Part with Hydrophobic Patterned Surface. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153247. [PMID: 32707840 PMCID: PMC7435486 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Constructing regular micro-structures with certain geometric characteristics on the surface of the polymer part can obtain some specific functions. Micro ultrasonic powder molding (micro-UPM) is an efficient processing technique for the fabrication of well-filled micro-structured Polypropylene (PP) parts. The micro-structure array on the surface of the core insert was obtained by low speed wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM-LS). PP polymer surfaces with micro-structured patterns were successfully replicated from the core insert surface after micro-UPM. By studying the detailed topography characterizations of micro-structured PP parts, the effects of processing parameters (ultrasonic energy, welding pressure and holding time) on the micro-structured filling show that when PP polymer was formed under the conditions of 1000 J, 115 kPa and 8 s during micro-UPM, well-filled micro-structured parts can be obtained. Besides, without low surface energy coating modification, the water contact angles (WCAs) of micro-structured PP parts increased from 85.3° to 146.8°, indicating that the wettability of the surface can be changed by replicating the micro-structure on PP parts after micro-UPM.
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100
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Microneedle Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Protein, Peptide and Antibody Based Therapeutics: Current Status and Future Considerations. Pharm Res 2020; 37:117. [PMID: 32488611 PMCID: PMC7266419 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The success of protein, peptide and antibody based therapies is evident - the biopharmaceuticals market is predicted to reach $388 billion by 2024 [1], and more than half of the current top 20 blockbuster drugs are biopharmaceuticals. However, the intrinsic properties of biopharmaceuticals has restricted the routes available for successful drug delivery. While providing 100% bioavailability, the intravenous route is often associated with pain and needle phobia from a patient perspective, which may translate as a reluctance to receive necessary treatment. Several non-invasive strategies have since emerged to overcome these limitations. One such strategy involves the use of microneedles (MNs), which are able to painlessly penetrate the stratum corneum barrier to dramatically increase transdermal drug delivery of numerous drugs. This review reports the wealth of studies that aim to enhance transdermal delivery of biopharmaceutics using MNs. The true potential of MNs as a drug delivery device for biopharmaceuticals will not only rely on acceptance from prescribers, patients and the regulatory authorities, but the ability to upscale MN manufacture in a cost-effective manner and the long term safety of MN application. Thus, the current barriers to clinical translation of MNs, and how these barriers may be overcome are also discussed.
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