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Choi Y, Lee SJ, Jeon J, Jung KJ, Jee SH. Inverse associations of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites with serum bilirubin levels in Korean population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26685-26695. [PMID: 31292880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are endocrine disruptors that can induce oxidative stress. Serum bilirubin has antioxidant properties and may serve as a biomarker of oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship of BPA and phthalates with serum bilirubin levels in a Korean population. Urinary concentrations of BPA and six phthalate [mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5- hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP)] were measured in 709 participants. Serum concentrations of BPA and three phthalate metabolites [MnBP, MiBP, and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP)] were measured in 752 participants. After excluding missing variables, associations between above chemicals and serum bilirubin levels were analyzed using multivariate linear regression with age, sex, BMI, GGT, GOT, GPT, and alcohol intake adjustment. Participants were further stratified by sex. Among the urinary chemicals, BPA and four phthalate metabolites (MnBP, MEOHP, MEHHP and MECPP) were inversely associated with serum bilirubin levels (BPA: β = - 0.071, P < 0.0001; MnBP: β = - 0.055, P = 0.025; MEOHP: β = - 0.101, P < 0.0001; MEHHP: β = - 0.106, P < 0.0001; MECPP: β = - 0.052, P = 0.003). In a case of serum chemicals, only MiBP showed significantly positive association (β = 0.036, P = 0.016). After stratification by sex, the associations of urinary BPA remained both in male and female, of which urinary phthalates disappeared in female. The association of serum MiBP was disappeared after stratification. Urinary BPA and phthalate metabolites were inversely associated with serum bilirubin levels, whereas serum MiBP showed positive association with bilirubin. These results could provide clues for understanding the mechanisms of endocrine disruptor from oxidative stress to excretion from our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjeong Choi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sun Ju Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jooeun Jeon
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Keum Ji Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Gutiérrez-García AK, Choudhury M, De Leon-Rodriguez A. Diisononyl Phthalate Differentially Affects Sirtuin Expression in the HepG2 Cell Line. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1863-1870. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana K. Gutiérrez-García
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, C.P. 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP México
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 78363, United States
| | - Antonio De Leon-Rodriguez
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, C.P. 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP México
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Blackmore D, Siddiqi Z, Li L, Wang N, Maksymowych W. Beyond the antibodies: serum metabolomic profiling of myasthenia gravis. Metabolomics 2019; 15:109. [PMID: 31372762 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic, potentially debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of the voluntary muscles that worsens on exertion. Left untreated, MG symptoms may cause significant morbidity or even death. To date, no robust biological marker is available to follow the course of the disease. Therefore, new diagnostic approaches and biological markers are essential not only for improved diagnosis of the disease but for improved outcomes. OBJECTIVES The present study applied a two-control, multi-label metabolomics profiling approach as a potential strategy for the identification of biomarkers unique to myasthenia gravis (MG). METHODS Metabolic analyses using acid- and dansyl-labelled serum from seropositive MG (n = 46), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 23) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 49) were performed on samples from adult patients presenting to the University of Alberta Hospital neuromuscular and rheumatology clinics. Comparisons between patients with MG vs. HC, and RA vs. HC were made using univariate and multivariate statistics. RESULTS Serum biomarker patterns were statistically significantly different between groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models exhibited considerable distinction between all groups. Metabolites were then filtered to remove peak pairs common to both disease cohorts. Combined metabolite panels revealed clear separation between MG and HC for both library-matched (AUROC: 0.92 ± 0.03) and highest AUC patients (AUROC: 0.94 ± 0.05). CONCLUSION In patients presenting to the clinic with seropositive MG, metabolomic profiling is capable of distinguishing patients with disease from those without. These results provide an important first step towards a potential biomarker for improving MG identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Blackmore
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 7th floor, Clinical Sciences Building, 11350 - 83 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G, Canada.
| | - Zaeem Siddiqi
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 7th floor, Clinical Sciences Building, 11350 - 83 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G, Canada
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry Centre Room W3-39C, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry Centre Room W3-39C, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Walter Maksymowych
- 568A Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
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Encircling granulosa cells protects against di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced apoptosis in rat oocytes cultured in vitro. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:203-213. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe present study investigated if the presence of encircling granulosa cells protected against di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)-induced oxidative stress in rat oocytes cultured in vitro. Denuded oocytes and cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were treated with or without various doses of DEHP (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μM) in vitro. Morphological apoptotic changes, levels of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, and expression levels of apoptotic markers (Bcl2, Bax, cytochrome c) were analyzed. Our results showed that DEHP induced morphological apoptotic changes in a dose-dependent manner in denuded oocytes cultured in vitro. The effective dose of DEHP (400 µg) significantly (P>0.05) increased oxidative stress by elevating ROS levels and the mitochondrial membrane potential with higher mRNA expression and protein levels of apoptotic markers (Bax, cytochrome c). Encircling granulosa cells protected oocytes from DEHP-induced morphological changes, increased oxidative stress and ROS levels, as well as increased expression of apoptotic markers. Taken together our data suggested that encircling granulosa cells protected oocytes against DEHP-induced apoptosis and that the presence of granulosa cells could act positively towards the survival of oocytes under in vitro culture conditions and may be helpful during assisted reproductive technique programmes.
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Paciência I, Cavaleiro Rufo J, Silva D, Martins C, Mendes F, Farraia M, Delgado L, de Oliveira Fernandes E, Padrão P, Moreira P, Severo M, Barros H, Moreira A. Exposure to indoor endocrine-disrupting chemicals and childhood asthma and obesity. Allergy 2019; 74:1277-1291. [PMID: 30740706 DOI: 10.1111/all.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor air contaminants may act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). However, to what extent these contaminants affect health is poorly known. We aimed to assess the association between EDCs exposure and asthma, respiratory symptoms and obesity in schoolchildren. METHODS Data from a cross-sectional analysis of 815 participants from 20 schools in Porto, Portugal, were analysed. Symptoms were assessed, asthma was defined on lung function, and airway reversibility and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. The concentrations of 13 volatile organic compounds and 2 aldehydes identified as EDCs were measured in 71 classrooms throughout 1 week. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the effect of co-exposure. Associations were estimated by regression coefficients using linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS Increased individual and combined EDCs levels were found in classrooms having more children with asthma and obesity. Higher levels of hexane, styrene, cyclohexanone, butylated hydroxytoluene and 2-butoxyethanol were associated with obesity, and higher levels of cyclohexanone were associated with increased child BMI. Toluene, o-xylene, m/p-xylene and ethylbenzene were significantly associated with nasal obstruction. A positive association was found between PC1 and the risk of obese asthma (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.01, 1.98) and between PC2 and overweight (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.28, 1.79). PC1 and PC2 were also associated with nasal obstruction, and PC2 was associated with breathing difficulties and lean body mass, although EDCs concentrations were low. CONCLUSIONS Our findings further support the role of EDCs in asthma and obesity development. Moreover, even low levels of indoor exposure may influence the risk of asthma, respiratory symptoms and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paciência
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI); Porto Portugal
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI); Porto Portugal
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Diana Silva
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
| | - Carla Martins
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
| | - Francisca Mendes
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
| | - Mariana Farraia
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
| | | | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e; Alimentação da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e; Alimentação da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Epidemiologia Clínica; Medicina Preditiva e Saúde Pública da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Epidemiologia Clínica; Medicina Preditiva e Saúde Pública da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e; Alimentação da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
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Zhang G, Yang W, Jiang F, Zou P, Zeng Y, Ling X, Zhou Z, Cao J, Ao L. PERK regulates Nrf2/ARE antioxidant pathway against dibutyl phthalate-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis dependent of reactive oxygen species in mouse spermatocyte-derived cells. Toxicol Lett 2019; 308:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Sweeney MR, O’Leary KG, Jeney Z, Braunlin MC, Gibb HJ. Systematic review and quality ranking of studies of two phthalate metabolites and anogenital distance, bone health, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:281-301. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1605332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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58
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Fábelová L, Loffredo CA, Klánová J, Hilscherová K, Horvat M, Tihányi J, Richterová D, Palkovičová Murínová Ľ, Wimmerová S, Sisto R, Moleti A, Trnovec T. Environmental ototoxicants, a potential new class of chemical stressors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:378-394. [PMID: 30716515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss is an injury that can develop over time, and people may not even be aware of it until it becomes a severe disability. Ototoxicants are substances that may damage the inner ear by either affecting the structures in the ear itself or by affecting the nervous system. We have examined the possibility that ototoxicants may present a health hazard in association with environmental exposures, adding to existing knowledge of their proven hazards under medical therapeutic conditions or occupational activities. In addition to the already described human environmental ototoxicants, mainly organochlorines such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), we have examined the ubiquitous chemical stressors phthalates, bisphenol A/S/F/, PFCs, flame retardants (FRs) and cadmium for potential ototoxic properties, both as single substances or as chemical mixtures. Our literature review confirmed that these chemicals may disturb thyroid hormones homeostasis, activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and induce oxidative stress, which in turn may initiate a chain of events resulting in impairment of cochlea and hearing loss. With regard to auditory plasticity, diagnostics of a mixture of effects of ototoxicants, potential interactions of chemical and physical agents with effects on hearing, parallel deterioration of hearing due to chemical exposures and ageing, metabolic diseases or obesity, even using specific methods as brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) or otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) registration, may be difficult, and establishment of concentration-response relationships problematic. This paper suggests the establishment of a class of environmental oxotoxicants next to the established classes of occupational and drug ototoxicants. This will help to properly manage risks associated with human exposure to chemical stressors with ototoxic properties and adequate regulatory measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Fábelová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Juraj Tihányi
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Richterová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubica Palkovičová Murínová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Renata Sisto
- INAIL, Research Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Arturo Moleti
- University of Roma, Tor Vergata, Department of Physics, Roma, Italy
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Jia P, Ma Y, Zhang M, Hu L, Zhou Y. Designing Rosin-Based Plasticizers: Effect of Differently Branched Chains on Plasticization Performance and Solvent Resistance of Flexible Poly(vinyl chloride) Films. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3178-3187. [PMID: 31459535 PMCID: PMC6648456 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we report a strategy to prepare rosin-based plasticizers with differently branched chains, which have the same benzene ring and similar alkane structure compared to phthalate plasticizers. Castor oil methyl ester, cardanol, and triethyl citrate were reacted with the chemical structure of rosin-based plasticizers. Rosin-based plasticizers with differently branched chains as alternative plasticizers for preparing phthalate-free flexible poly(vinyl chloride) films. All rosin-based plasticizers exhibited more excellent solvent extraction performance than phthalate plasticizers in four different solvents. The plasticizing efficiency of rosin-based plasticizers containing triethyl citrate groups reached 85.5%. The relationships between plasticizing efficiency, thermal stability, solvent resistance, tensile properties, and relative molecular mass of the branched chains of rosin-based plasticizers were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical
Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); Key
Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Co-Innovation
Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources,
Nanjing Forestry University; Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical
Engineering, SFA; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Ma
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Chemical
Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); Key
Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Co-Innovation
Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources,
Nanjing Forestry University; Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical
Engineering, SFA; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of Chemical
Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); Key
Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Co-Innovation
Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources,
Nanjing Forestry University; Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical
Engineering, SFA; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical
Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); Key
Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Co-Innovation
Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources,
Nanjing Forestry University; Key and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical
Engineering, SFA; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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Grytting VS, Olderbø BP, Holme JA, Samuelsen JT, Solhaug A, Becher R, Bølling AK. Di-n-butyl phthalate modifies PMA-induced macrophage differentiation of THP-1 monocytes via PPARγ. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 54:168-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kassab RB, Lokman MS, Essawy EA. Neurochemical alterations following the exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:235-244. [PMID: 30446882 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Due to its ability to cross blood brain barrier and placenta, dibutyl phthalate (di-n-butyl phthalate, DBP) is expected to cause severe side effects to the central nervous system of animals and humans. A little data is available about the potential DBP neurotoxicity; therefore, this work was designed to investigate the brain tissue injury induced by DBP exposure. Forty Wister albino rats were allocated randomly into 4 groups (10 rats each). Group 1 served as control and the rats administered with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) orally for 12 weeks. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were orally treated with DPB (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) respectively for 12 weeks. DBP-intoxicated rats showed a disturbance in the oxidative status in cerebral cortex, striatum and brainstem, as represented by the elevated oxidants [malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] and the decreased antioxidant molecules [reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR)]. DBP also enhanced a pro-inflammatory state through increasing the release of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The increase of these cytokines was associated with the increase of pro-apoptotic proteins [Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3] and the decrease of the anti-apoptotic protein, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). In addition, the levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity were decreased. This was accompanied by the alterations in the major excitatory and inhibitory amino acids neurotransmitters levels. The present findings indicated that DBP could exert its neuronal damage through oxidative stress, DNA oxidation, neuroinflammation, activation of apoptotic proteins and altering the monoaminergic, cholinergic and amino acids transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami B Kassab
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
| | - Maha S Lokman
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Ehab A Essawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
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Huff M, da Silveira W, Starr Hazard E, Courtney SM, Renaud L, Hardiman G. Systems analysis of the liver transcriptome in adult male zebrafish exposed to the non-ionic surfactant nonylphenol. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 271:1-14. [PMID: 30563618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) arises from the environmental degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates. It is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and has been detected at levels up to 167 nM in rivers in the United States. NP is an endocrine disruptor (ED) that can act as an agonist for estrogen receptors. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework defines an adverse outcome as the causal result of a series of molecular initiating events (MIEs) and key events (KEs) that lead to altered phenotypes. This study examined the liver transcriptome after a 21 day exposure to NP and 17β-estradiol (E2) by exploiting the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a systems toxicology model. The goal of this study was to tease out non-estrogenic genomic signatures associated with NP exposure using DNA microarray and RNA sequencing. Our experimental design included E2 as a positive and potent estrogenic control in order to effectively compare and contrast the 2 compounds. This approach allowed us to identify hepatic transcriptomic perturbations that could serve as MIEs for adverse health outcomes in response to NP. Our results revealed that exposure to NP was associated with differential expression (DE) of genes associated with the development of steatosis, disruption of metabolism, altered immune response, and metabolism of reactive oxygen species, further highlighting NP as a chemical of emerging concern (CEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Huff
- MUSC Bioinformatics, Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29415, United States; MS in Biomedical Sciences Program, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Willian da Silveira
- MUSC Bioinformatics, Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29415, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
| | - E Starr Hazard
- MUSC Bioinformatics, Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29415, United States
| | - Sean M Courtney
- MUSC Bioinformatics, Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29415, United States
| | - Ludivine Renaud
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Gary Hardiman
- MUSC Bioinformatics, Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29415, United States; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Laboratory for Marine Systems Biology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, United States; Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
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63
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Zhu L, Chen X, Chong L, Kong L, Wen S, Zhang H, Zhang W, Li C. Adiponectin alleviates exacerbation of airway inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity-related asthma mice partly through AMPK signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:396-407. [PMID: 30584969 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin plays a role in asthma and obesity, but its effects and mechanism in obesity-related asthma remain elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adiponectin on airway inflammation and oxidative stress and to determine its mechanism in obesity-related asthma. Male C57BL6/J mice fed with a high-fat diet to induce obesity were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to induce asthma, and treated with adiponectin (1 mg/kg) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C (20 mg/kg) twice before the first ovalbumin challenge. We found exogenous adiponectin significantly reduced airway resistance, inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue, and cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Adiponectin inhibited great levels of eotaxin, myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-α, 8‑hydroxy‑2'‑deoxyguanosine, and nitric oxide in obesity-related asthma mice. Moreover, we found increased nuclear factor kappa B p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein expression were down-regulated with adiponectin administration. Additionally, adiponectin elevated the lower levels of pAMPK and AMPK activity in lung tissue. These protective effects of adiponectin were reversed after treatment with the AMPK inhibitor compound C. Thus, we conclude that adiponectin alleviates exacerbation of airway inflammation and oxidative stress in a murine model of obesity-related asthma partly through AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109 Xueyuanxi Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiuzhen Chen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109 Xueyuanxi Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Pediatrics, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Chong
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109 Xueyuanxi Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ludan Kong
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109 Xueyuanxi Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shunhang Wen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109 Xueyuanxi Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109 Xueyuanxi Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109 Xueyuanxi Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Changchong Li
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.109 Xueyuanxi Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China.
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64
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Shi W, Lin Z, Liao C, Zhang J, Liu W, Wang X, Cai J, Zou Z, Wang H, Norback D, Kan H, Huang C, Zhao Z. Urinary phthalate metabolites in relation to childhood asthmatic and allergic symptoms in Shanghai. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:276-286. [PMID: 30223204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies can be found on phthalate exposure in relation to childhood asthma and allergic symptoms from Mainland China, where a persistent increase in prevalence of childhood asthma and allergic disease has been observed. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the exposure levels to phthalates and its relationship with asthmatic and allergic symptoms among children in Shanghai, which has the highest prevalence of childhood asthma in Mainland China. METHODS A follow-up study (2013-2014) of 434 children aged 5-10 years was conducted, based on the China, Children, Homes, Health (CCHH) study (2011-2012) in Shanghai, China. Information on asthmatic and allergic symptoms (wheeze, rhinitis, and eczema) were collected using validated questionnaires. Ten phthalate metabolites in morning urine samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between symptoms and urinary phthalate metabolites controlling for demographics, family history of allergic diseases and other covariates. RESULTS Nine out of 10 phthalate metabolites were detected in all subjects (average detection rate of 93.2%). By multivariable logistic regression analyses, the 4th quartile of Mono‑n‑butyl phthalate (MnBP) (reference: 1st quartile) had adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPORS) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of 2.27(1.06-4.88), 2.14(1.02-4.46) and 2.98(1.19-7.50) for wheeze, rhinitis and eczema, respectively, while those of Mono‑isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) were 2.23(1.08-4.62) and 2.96(1.02-8.60) for rhinitis and eczema, respectively. The highest quartile of mono‑2‑ethyl‑5‑hydroxyhexyl phthalate(MEHHP) and mono‑2‑ethyl‑5‑oxohexyl phthalate(MEOHP) had aPORS and 95%CIs of 3.10(1.10-8.74) and 2.63(1.02-6.80) for eczema, respectively. By summing up the 4 low molecular weight metabolites (∑4LMWP) and all 9 metabolites (∑9Total), the highest quartiles of ∑4LMWP and∑9Total were significantly associated with all symptoms. In most of the above associations, a significantly increasing trend from the 1st to the 4th quartile was observed. Subjects with 2 or 3 concomitant symptoms (reference: no symptoms) had significant positive associations with a higher level (the 4th quartile) of phthalate metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Low MW metabolites such as MnBP and MiBP, high MW DEHP and the total amount of phthalate metabolites might have adverse health effects on asthma and allergic symptoms in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijing Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenxi Liao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhijun Zou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Dan Norback
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE 751-85, Sweden
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Bi C, Maestre JP, Li H, Zhang G, Givehchi R, Mahdavi A, Kinney KA, Siegel J, Horner SD, Xu Y. Phthalates and organophosphates in settled dust and HVAC filter dust of U.S. low-income homes: Association with season, building characteristics, and childhood asthma. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:916-930. [PMID: 30347374 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and organophosphates are ubiquitous indoor semi-volatile organic contaminants (SVOCs) that have been widely used as plasticizers and flame retardants in consumer products. Although many studies have assessed their levels in house dust, only a few used dust samples captured by filters of building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. HVAC filters collect particles from large volumes of air over a long period of time (potentially known) and thus provide a spatially and temporally integrated concentration. This study measured concentrations of phthalates and organophosphates in HVAC filter dust and settled floor dust collected from low-income homes in Texas, United States, in both the summer and winter seasons. The most frequently detected compounds were benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), and tris (1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP). The median level of TCIPP in settled dust was 3- to 180-times higher than levels reported in other studies of residential homes. Significantly higher concentrations were observed in HVAC filter dust as compared to settled dust for most of the frequently detected compounds in both seasons, except for several phthalates in the winter. SVOC concentrations in settled dust in winter were generally higher than in summer, while different seasonality patterns were found for HVAC filter dust. Settled dust samples from homes with vinyl flooring contained significantly higher levels of BBzP and DEHP as compared to homes with other types of floor material. The concentration of DEHP and TDCIPP in settled dust also significantly associated with the presence of carpet in homes. Cleaning activities to remove dust from furniture actually increased the levels of certain compounds in HVAC filter dust, while frequent vacuuming of carpet helped to decrease the concentrations of some compounds in settled dust. Additionally, the size and age of a given house also correlated with the levels of some pollutants in dust. A statistically significant association between DEHP concentration in HVAC filter dust in summer and the severity of asthma in children was observed. These results suggest that HVAC filter dust represents a useful sampling medium to monitor indoor SVOC concentrations with high sensitivity; in contrast, when using settled dust, in addition to consideration of seasonal influences, it is critical to know the sampling location because the type and level of SVOCs may be related to local materials used there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Bi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Juan P Maestre
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hongwan Li
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA; Department of Building Environment and Energy Application Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Raheleh Givehchi
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alireza Mahdavi
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kerry A Kinney
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Siegel
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharon D Horner
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA; Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Sulentic RO, Dumitrascu I, Deziel NC, Gurzau AE. Phthalate Exposure from Drinking Water in Romanian Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102109. [PMID: 30257478 PMCID: PMC6209931 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are plastic softeners that have been linked to several adverse health outcomes. The relative contributions of different sources to phthalate exposure in populations in different regions and at different life stages is unclear. We examined the relationships between water consumption, consumer product use, and phthalate exposure among 40 adolescents (20 males, 20 females) in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Interviewers administered a questionnaire about drinking water consumption and use of phthalate-containing consumer products. Four common phthalates were measured in representative samples of participants’ municipal drinking water and consumed bottled water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Urine samples were collected from participants and analyzed for the corresponding phthalate metabolites. Relationships between different exposure measures were assessed using nonparametric tests (Spearman rank correlation coefficients and the Kruskal–Wallis test). Diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were commonly detected in bottled water, but generally not the municipal drinking water samples. Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) was the most commonly detected urinary metabolite (detected in 92.5% of participants) and had the highest maximum concentration (1139.77 µg/g creatinine). We did not identify any statistically significant associations between water consumption or consumer product use practices and urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in our adolescent group, and directions of correlation coefficients differed by individual phthalate compound. While phthalate exposure was widespread, these results highlight the challenges in examining phthalate exposure determinants and emphasize the need for further investigation into understanding exposure sources and potential health risks from chronic low-level exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose O Sulentic
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Irina Dumitrascu
- Environmental Health Center, Strada Busuiocului 58, 400240 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Anca E Gurzau
- Environmental Health Center, Strada Busuiocului 58, 400240 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Alfardan AS, Nadeem A, Ahmad SF, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Harbi MM, AlSharari SD. Plasticizer, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) enhances cockroach allergen extract-driven airway inflammation by enhancing pulmonary Th2 as well as Th17 immune responses in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:327-339. [PMID: 29567418 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a gradual increase in the prevalence of asthma. Various factors including environmental pollutants have contributed to this phenomenon. Plasticizer, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is one of the commonest environmental pollutants due to its association with plastic products. DEHP gets released from plastic products easily leading to respiratory exposure in humans. As a consequence, DEHP is associated with allergic asthma in humans and animals. DEHP is reported to act as an adjuvant in ovalbumin-induced mouse models of asthma at high doses. However, these studies mostly looked into the role of DEHP on Th2 cytokines/eosinophilic inflammation without investigating the role of airway epithelial cells (AECs)/dendritic cells (DCs)/Th17 cells. Its adjuvant activity with natural allergens such as cockroach allergens at tolerable daily intake needs to be explored. Cockroach allergens and DEHP may be inhaled together due to their coexistence in work place as well as household environments. Therefore, effect of DEHP was assessed in cockroach allergens extract (CE)-induced mouse model of asthma. Airway inflammation, histopathology, mucus secretion, and immune responses related to Th2/Th17/DCs and AECs were assessed in mice with DEHP exposure alone and in combination with CE. Our study shows that DEHP converts CE-induced eosinophilic inflammation into mixed granulocytic inflammation by promoting Th2 as well as Th17 immune responses. This was probably due to downregulation of E-cadherin in AECs, and enhancement of costimulatory molecules (MHCII/CD86/CD40)/pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6/MCP-1) in DCs by DEHP. This suggests that DEHP facilitates development of mixed granulocytic airway inflammation in the presence of a natural allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Alfardan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir D AlSharari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Kim JH, Lee J, Moon HB, Park J, Choi K, Kim SK, Kim S. Association of phthalate exposures with urinary free cortisol and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in early childhood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:506-513. [PMID: 29426173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Several studies suggested potential links of phthalates to stress-related outcomes. However, limited evidence has been available for the relationships between phthalate metabolites and free cortisol and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in perinatal and postnatal environments. Therefore, we evaluated the relationships between phthalate metabolites and free cortisol and 8-OHdG in mother-child pairs. We repeatedly collected urine samples of 287 mother-child pairs from just before delivery to 15 months of age to measure the levels of four phthalate metabolites - mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) - and free cortisol and 8-OHdG. We used linear mixed effect models and generalized additive mixed models to estimate the relationship between the phthalate metabolites and free cortisol and 8-OHdG after adjusting for the child's gender, urine collection time, and maternal smoking status. The four phthalate metabolite levels were strongly correlated each other (all, p < .0001), and intra-class correlation for each metabolite in children ranged from 0.18 to 0.96. All four phthalate metabolites were positively associated with both free cortisol (MEHHP, β = 0.18 and p < .0001; MEOHP, β = 0.17 and p < .0001; MiBP, β = 0.13 and p = .0001; MnBP, β = 0.21 and p < .0001; and molar sum of metabolites, β = 0.21 and p < .0001) and 8-OHdG (MEHHP, β = 0.20 and p < .0001; MEOHP, β = 0.18 and p < .0001; MiBP, β = 0.23 and p < .0001; MnBP, β = 0.28 and p < .0001; and molar sum of metabolites, β = 0.29 and p < .0001) in childhood. Our findings suggest that phthalate exposures increase free cortisol and 8-OHdG levels in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwoo Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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69
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Durmaz E, Erkekoglu P, Asci A, Akçurin S, Bircan İ, Kocer-Gumusel B. Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in girls with premature thelarche. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 59:172-181. [PMID: 29625387 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In girls, breast development before eight years of age is called "premature thelarche (PT)". There are few studies in literature that show the interaction between PT and phthalate exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the urinary levels of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites and other phthalate metabolites in girls with PT. PT group consisted of 29 newly diagnosed subjects. Control group comprised of healthy age-matched girls (n = 25). Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The urinary concentrations of mono-(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate (MEHP) in the PT group (33.96 ± 6.88 μg/g creatinine) were found to be significantly higher compared to control group (11.54 ± 1.39 μg/g creatinine, p = 0.002). In PT group, %MEHP was also markedly higher vs. control (17.84 ± 3.31 vs. 6.44 ± 1.13, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that DEHP is more efficiently converted to MEHP in girls with PT, the importance of which needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Durmaz
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ali Asci
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey; Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Sema Akçurin
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - İffet Bircan
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Systems Analysis of the Liver Transcriptome in Adult Male Zebrafish Exposed to the Plasticizer (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP). Sci Rep 2018; 8:2118. [PMID: 29391432 PMCID: PMC5794889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The organic compound diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) represents a high production volume chemical found in cosmetics, personal care products, laundry detergents, and household items. DEHP, along with other phthalates causes endocrine disruption in males. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals has been linked to the development of several adverse health outcomes with apical end points including Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). This study examined the adult male zebrafish (Danio rerio) transcriptome after exposure to environmental levels of DEHP and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) using both DNA microarray and RNA-sequencing technologies. Our results show that exposure to DEHP is associated with differentially expressed (DE) transcripts associated with the disruption of metabolic processes in the liver, including perturbation of five biological pathways: ‘FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks’, ‘Metabolic pathways’, ‘metabolism of amino acids and derivatives’, ‘metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins’, and ‘fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism’. DE transcripts unique to DEHP exposure, not observed with EE2 (i.e. non-estrogenic effects) exhibited a signature related to the regulation of transcription and translation, and ruffle assembly and organization. Collectively our results indicate that exposure to low DEHP levels modulates the expression of liver genes related to fatty acid metabolism and the development of NAFLD.
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