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Cordero RJB. Melanin for space travel radioprotection. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2529-2532. [PMID: 28419675 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Radames J B Cordero
- Harry Feinstone Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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52
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Current Status of Targeted Radioprotection and Radiation Injury Mitigation and Treatment Agents: A Critical Review of the Literature. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 98:662-682. [PMID: 28581409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.02.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As more cancer patients survive their disease, concerns about radiation therapy-induced side effects have increased. The concept of radioprotection and radiation injury mitigation and treatment offers the possibility to enhance the therapeutic ratio of radiation therapy by limiting radiation therapy-induced normal tissue injury without compromising its antitumor effect. Advances in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of radiation toxicity have stimulated radiation oncologists to target these pathways across different organ systems. These generalized radiation injury mechanisms include production of free radicals such as superoxides, activation of inflammatory pathways, and vascular endothelial dysfunction leading to tissue hypoxia. There is a significant body of literature evaluating the effectiveness of various treatments in preventing, mitigating, or treating radiation-induced normal tissue injury. Whereas some reviews have focused on a specific disease site or agent, this critical review focuses on a mechanistic classification of activity and assesses multiple agents across different disease sites. The classification of agents used herein further offers a useful framework to organize the multitude of treatments that have been studied. Many commonly available treatments have demonstrated benefit in prevention, mitigation, and/or treatment of radiation toxicity and warrant further investigation. These drug-based approaches to radioprotection and radiation injury mitigation and treatment represent an important method of making radiation therapy safer.
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Pacelli C, Bryan RA, Onofri S, Selbmann L, Shuryak I, Dadachova E. Melanin is effective in protecting fast and slow growing fungi from various types of ionizing radiation. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:1612-1624. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pacelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological ScienceUniversity of TusciaViterbo Italy
- Department of RadiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronx NY USA
| | - Ruth A. Bryan
- Department of RadiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronx NY USA
| | - Silvano Onofri
- Department of Ecological and Biological ScienceUniversity of TusciaViterbo Italy
| | - Laura Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological ScienceUniversity of TusciaViterbo Italy
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological ResearchColumbia UniversityNew York NY USA
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King RB, McMahon SJ, Hyland WB, Jain S, Butterworth KT, Prise KM, Hounsell AR, McGarry CK. An overview of current practice in external beam radiation oncology with consideration to potential benefits and challenges for nanotechnology. Cancer Nanotechnol 2017; 8:3. [PMID: 28217177 PMCID: PMC5291831 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-017-0027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been a significant evolution in the technologies and techniques employed within the radiation oncology environment. Over the same period, extensive research into the use of nanotechnology in medicine has highlighted a range of potential benefits to its incorporation into clinical radiation oncology. This short communication describes key tools and techniques that have recently been introduced into specific stages of a patient’s radiotherapy pathway, including diagnosis, external beam treatment and subsequent follow-up. At each pathway stage, consideration is given towards how nanotechnology may be combined with clinical developments to further enhance their benefit, with some potential opportunities for future research also highlighted. Prospective challenges that may influence the introduction of nanotechnology into clinical radiotherapy are also discussed, indicating the need for close collaboration between academic and clinical staff to realise the full clinical benefit of this exciting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond B King
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE UK.,Radiotherapy Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT9 7AB UK
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE UK
| | - Wendy B Hyland
- Radiotherapy Physics, North West Cancer Centre, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, BT47 6SB UK
| | - Suneil Jain
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE UK.,Clinical Oncology, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT9 7AB UK
| | - Karl T Butterworth
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE UK
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE UK
| | - Alan R Hounsell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE UK.,Radiotherapy Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT9 7AB UK
| | - Conor K McGarry
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE UK.,Radiotherapy Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT9 7AB UK
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55
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Protection against Radiotherapy-Induced Toxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5030022. [PMID: 27399787 PMCID: PMC5039571 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a highly utilized therapy in the treatment of malignancies with up to 60% of cancer patients receiving radiation therapy as a part of their treatment regimen. Radiation therapy does, however, cause a wide range of adverse effects that can be severe and cause permanent damage to the patient. In an attempt to minimize these effects, a small number of compounds have been identified and are in use clinically for the prevention and treatment of radiation associated toxicities. Furthermore, there are a number of emerging therapies being developed for use as agents that protect against radiation-induced toxicities. The aim of this review was to evaluate and summarise the evidence that exists for both the known radioprotectant agents and the agents that show promise as future radioprotectant agents.
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56
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d'Ischia M, Wakamatsu K, Cicoira F, Di Mauro E, Garcia-Borron JC, Commo S, Galván I, Ghanem G, Kenzo K, Meredith P, Pezzella A, Santato C, Sarna T, Simon JD, Zecca L, Zucca FA, Napolitano A, Ito S. Melanins and melanogenesis: from pigment cells to human health and technological applications. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 28:520-44. [PMID: 26176788 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, melanins and melanogenesis have attracted growing interest for a broad range of biomedical and technological applications. The burst of polydopamine-based multifunctional coatings in materials science is just one example, and the list may be expanded to include melanin thin films for organic electronics and bioelectronics, drug delivery systems, functional nanoparticles and biointerfaces, sunscreens, environmental remediation devices. Despite considerable advances, applied research on melanins and melanogenesis is still far from being mature. A closer intersectoral interaction between research centers is essential to raise the interests and increase the awareness of the biomedical, biomaterials science and hi-tech sectors of the manifold opportunities offered by pigment cells and related metabolic pathways. Starting from a survey of biological roles and functions, the present review aims at providing an interdisciplinary perspective of melanin pigments and related pathway with a view to showing how it is possible to translate current knowledge about physical and chemical properties and control mechanisms into new bioinspired solutions for biomedical, dermocosmetic, and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fabio Cicoira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eduardo Di Mauro
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Stephane Commo
- L'Oréal Recherche & Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Ismael Galván
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ghanem Ghanem
- LOCE, Institut J. Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koike Kenzo
- Development Research - Hair Care Products, KAO Corporation, Sumida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul Meredith
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Clara Santato
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - John D Simon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies - National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies - National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Shosuke Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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57
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In Vivo Chemoprotective Activity of Bovine Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells against Damage Induced by 5-Fluorouracil. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6942321. [PMID: 27191003 PMCID: PMC4852122 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6942321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy treatments induce a number of side effects, such as leukopenia neutropenia, peripheral erythropenia, and thrombocytopenia, affecting the quality of life for cancer patients. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is wieldy used as myeloablative model in mice. The bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract (bDLE) or IMMUNEPOTENT CRP® (ICRP) is an immunomodulatory compound that has antioxidants and anti-inflammatory effects. In order to investigate the chemoprotection effect of ICRP on bone marrow cells in 5-FU treated mice, total bone marrow (BM) cell count, bone marrow colony forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM), cell cycle, immunophenotypification, ROS/superoxide and Nrf2 by flow cytometry, and histological and hematological analyses were performed. Our results demonstrated that ICRP increased BM cell count and CFU-GM number, arrested BM cells in G0/G1 phase, increased the percentage of leukocyte, granulocytic, and erythroid populations, reduced ROS/superoxide formation and Nrf2 activation, and also improved hematological levels and weight gain in 5-FU treated mice. These results suggest that ICRP has a chemoprotective effect against 5-FU in BM cells that can be used in cancer patients.
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58
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Melanin is required for the formation of the multi-cellular conidia in the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora. Microbiol Res 2015; 179:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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59
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Abdollahi H, Shiri I. Radiation protection and secondary cancer prevention using biological radioprotectors in radiotherapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER THERAPY AND ONCOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.33.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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60
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Adhikari M, Arora R. Nano-silymarin provides protection against γ-radiation-induced oxidative stress in cultured human embryonic kidney cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 792:1-11. [PMID: 26433256 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation can produce biological damage, mainly oxidative stress, via production of free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nanoparticles are of interest as radioprotective agents, particularly due to their high solubility and bioavailability. Silymarin is a hepatoprotective agent but has poor oral bioavailability. Silymarin was formulated as a nanoemulsion with the aim of improving its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. In the present study, we evaluated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) formulated with surfactants and co-surfactants. Nano-silymarin was characterized by estimating % transmittance, globule size, and polydispersity index, and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nano-silymarin obtained was in the range of 3-8nm diameter. With regard to DNA damage, measured by a plasmid relaxation assay, maximum protection was obtained at 10μg/mL. Cytotoxicity of nano-silymarin to human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Protective efficacy against γ-radiation was assessed by reduction in micronucleus frequency and ROS generation, using the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) assay. Radiation-induced apoptosis was estimated by microscopic analysis and cell-cycle estimation. Nano-silymarin was radioprotective, supporting the possibility of developing new approaches to radiation protection via nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Adhikari
- Radiation Biotechnology Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Rajesh Arora
- Radiation Biotechnology Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi 110054, India; Office of the Director General-Life Sciences and Distinguished Scientist, DRDO Head Quarters, DRDO Bhawan, Rajaji Marg, New Delhi 110011, India.
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61
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Zottis ADA, Beltrame JM, Lara LRS, Costa TG, Feldhaus MJ, Pedrosa RC, Ourique F, de Campos CEM, Isoppo EDA, da Silva Miranda F, Szpoganicz B. Pheomelanin-coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles: a promising candidate for negative T2 contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11194-7. [PMID: 26073290 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02536b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein a novel type of monodisperse water-soluble magnetite nanoparticle coated with pheomelanin using an environmentally-friendly approach in aqueous medium. The results indicate superparamagnetic behaviour at room temperature and show improved negative contrast in T2-weighted MRI with a transverse relaxivity of 218 mM(-1) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre D A Zottis
- Academic Department of Health and Services, Nucleus of Clinical Technology, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina, Campus Florianópolis, SC, 88020-300, Brazil.
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Su H, Ganapathy S, Li X, Yuan ZM, Ha CS. p53-Based Strategy for Protection of Bone Marrow From Y-90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 92:1116-1122. [PMID: 26025778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main drawbacks of radioimmunotherapy have been severe hematological toxicity and potential development of myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary leukemia. Activation of p53 follows a major pathway by which normal tissues respond to DNA-damaging agents, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, that result in injuries and pathological consequences. This pathway is separate from the tumor suppressor pathway of p53. We have previously reported that use of low-dose arsenic (LDA) temporarily and reversibly suppresses p53 activation, thereby ameliorating normal tissue toxicity from exposure to 5-fluorouracil and X rays. We have also demonstrated that LDA-mediated protection requires functional p53 and thus is selective to normal tissues, as essentially every cancer cell has dysfunctional p53. Here we tested the protective efficacy of LDA for bone marrow tissue against radioimmunotherapy through animal experiments. METHODS AND MATERIALS Mice were subjected to LDA pretreatment for 3 days, followed by treatment with Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan. Both dose course (10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μCi) and time course (6, 24, and 72 hours and 1 and 2 weeks) experiments were performed. The response of bone marrow cells to LDA was determined by examining the expression of NFκB, Glut1, and Glut3. Staining with hematoxylin and eosin, γ-H2AX, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to examine morphology, DNA damage response, and apoptotic cell populations. RESULTS Elevated levels of NFκB, Glut1, and Glut3 were observed in bone marrow cells after LDA treatment. Bone marrow damage levels induced by Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan were greatly reduced by LDA pretreatment. Consistent with this observation, significantly less DNA damage and fewer apoptotic cells were accumulated after Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan treatment in LDA-pretreated mice. Furthermore, in the mouse xenograft model implanted with human Karpas-422 lymphoma cells, LDA pretreatment did not have any detectable effect on either tumor growth or Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (200 μCi)-induced tumor suppression. CONCLUSIONS LDA pretreatment protected bone marrow without compromising tumor control caused by Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
| | - Suthakar Ganapathy
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Zhi-Min Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chul S Ha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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63
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Liopo A, Su R, Oraevsky AA. Melanin nanoparticles as a novel contrast agent for optoacoustic tomography. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2015; 3:35-43. [PMID: 25893172 PMCID: PMC4398798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and characterization of melanin-like nanoparticles (MNP) as novel contrast agents for optoacoustic tomography. Good dispersion stability of high concentration MNPs in different biological media was achieved with thiol-terminated methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol), which can be used for further functional conjugation. MNP-PEG were found biocompatible with human MCF-7 and 3T3 cells. Cell toxicity of MNPs was found lower than that of gold nanorods for concentrations that provide equal optical absorbance. Optoacoustic tomography images were obtained with Laser Optoacoustic Imaging System (LOIS-3D) from tubes filled with contrast agents and live mice. Imaging of tubes permitted verification of the system resolution <300 μm and sensitivity Δμa=0.03/cm under safe laser fluence of 20 mJ/cm(2). Water suspensions of MNP demonstrated optoacoustic efficiency that is about equal to that of gold nanorods under conditions of equal optical absorption. We conclude that MNPs have the potential for biomedical imaging applications as optoacoustic contrast agents.
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Mujica-Mota MA, Schermbrucker J, Daniel SJ. Eye color as a risk factor for acquired sensorineural hearing loss: A review. Hear Res 2015; 320:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Saini AS, Tripathi A, Melo JS. On-column enzymatic synthesis of melanin nanoparticles using cryogenic poly(AAM-co-AGE) monolith and its free radical scavenging and electro-catalytic properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18965a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
“Novel approach for biosynthesis of melanin nanoparticles by sequestrial biotransformation of l-DOPA using immobilized tyrosinase enzyme in macroporous poly(AAm-co-AGE) monolith”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amardeep Singh Saini
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| | - Anuj Tripathi
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| | - Jose Savio Melo
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
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66
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Saini AS, Melo JS. One-pot green synthesis of eumelanin: process optimization and its characterization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we propose the importance of Taguchi’s design of experiment methodology for increasing the yield of eumelanin using l-Dopa as the substrate and tyrosinase enzyme from Amorphophallus campanulatus as the biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amardeep Singh Saini
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - Jose Savio Melo
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
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67
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Liu YC, Tu SY, Lin HY. Evaluation of the Practicality of Melanin as a Photodynamic-Inactivation Photosensitizer by Its Nanonization. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2015. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.28.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica
| | - Shih-Yu Tu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University
| | - Hoang-Yan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University
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Melanin Nanoparticles (MNPs) provide protection against whole-body ɣ-irradiation in mice via restoration of hematopoietic tissues. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 399:59-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Semmler-Behnke M, Lipka J, Wenk A, Hirn S, Schäffler M, Tian F, Schmid G, Oberdörster G, Kreyling WG. Size dependent translocation and fetal accumulation of gold nanoparticles from maternal blood in the rat. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:33. [PMID: 25928666 PMCID: PMC4445676 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that nanoparticles (NP) cross epithelial and endothelial body barriers. We hypothesized that gold (Au) NP, once in the blood circulation of pregnant rats, will cross the placental barrier during pregnancy size-dependently and accumulate in the fetal organism by 1. transcellular transport across the hemochorial placenta, 2. transcellular transport across amniotic membranes 3. transport through ~20 nm wide transtrophoblastic channels in a size dependent manner. The three AuNP sizes used to test this hypothesis are either well below, or of similar size or well above the diameters of the transtrophoblastic channels. METHODS We intravenously injected monodisperse, negatively charged, radio-labelled 1.4 nm, 18 nm and 80 nm ¹⁹⁸AuNP at a mass dose of 5, 3 and 27 μg/rat, respectively, into pregnant rats on day 18 of gestation and in non-pregnant control rats and studied the biodistribution in a quantitative manner based on the radio-analysis of the stably labelled ¹⁹⁸AuNP after 24 hours. RESULTS We observed significant biokinetic differences between pregnant and non-pregnant rats. AuNP fractions in the uterus of pregnant rats were at least one order of magnitude higher for each particle size roughly proportional to the enlarged size and weight of the pregnant uterus. All three sizes of ¹⁹⁸AuNP were found in the placentas and amniotic fluids with 1.4 nm AuNP fractions being two orders of magnitude higher than those of the larger AuNP on a mass base. In the fetuses, only fractions of 0.0006 (30 ng) and 0.00004 (0.1 ng) of 1.4 nm and 18 nm AuNP, respectively, were detected, but no 80 nm AuNP (<0.000004 (<0.1 ng)). These data show that no AuNP entered the fetuses from amniotic fluids within 24 hours but indicate that AuNP translocation occurs across the placental tissues either through transtrophoblastic channels and/or via transcellular processes. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the translocation of AuNP from maternal blood into the fetus is NP-size dependent which is due to mechanisms involving (1) transport through transtrophoblastic channels - also present in the human placenta - and/or (2) endocytotic and diffusive processes across the placental barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Semmler-Behnke
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
- Current address: Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Jens Lipka
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexander Wenk
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Hirn
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
- Current address: Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Schäffler
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
| | - Furong Tian
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
- Current address: Focus Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Günter Schmid
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany.
| | - Günter Oberdörster
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Wolfgang G Kreyling
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
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70
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Narayanan KB, Park HH. Pleiotropic functions of antioxidant nanoparticles for longevity and medicine. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 201-202:30-42. [PMID: 24206941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a rapidly emerging interdisciplinary field in which medicine is coupled with nanotechnology tools and techniques for advanced therapy with the aid of molecular knowledge and its associated treatment tools. This field creates a myriad of opportunities for improving the health and life of humans. Unchecked chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and free-radical damage causes proportionate aging and other related diseases/disorders. Antioxidants act as free radical scavengers, singlet oxygen ((1)O2) quenchers, peroxides and other ROS inactivators, as well as metal ion chelators, quenchers of secondary oxidation products and inhibitors of pro-oxidative enzymes. Nanoparticles possessing antioxidative properties have recently emerged as potent therapeutic agents owing to their potential applications in life sciences for improvement of the quality of life and longevity. Accordingly, the use of antioxidant nanoparticles/nanomaterials is burgeoning in biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and nutrition fields. Due to the smaller size, greater permeability, increased circulation ability and biocompatibility of these nanoparticles to alleviate oxidative stress, they have become indispensable agents for controlling aging and its associated pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and pulmonary diseases. This review discusses antioxidant nanoparticles, which are nano-dimensioned metals, non-metals, metal oxides, synthetic and natural antioxidants and polymers, and the molecular/biochemical mechanisms underpinning their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Badri Narayanan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712 749, Republic of Korea
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71
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Ha CT, Li XH, Fu D, Xiao M, Landauer MR. Genistein nanoparticles protect mouse hematopoietic system and prevent proinflammatory factors after gamma irradiation. Radiat Res 2013; 180:316-25. [PMID: 23952576 DOI: 10.1667/rr3326.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that genistein protects mice from radiation-induced bone marrow failure. To overcome genistein's extremely low water solubility, a nanoparticle suspension of genistein has been formulated for more rapid dissolution. In the current study, we evaluated the radioprotective effects of a nanoparticle formulation of genistein on survival and hematopoietic recovery in mice exposed to total-body gamma irradiation. A single intramuscular injection of a saline-based genistein nanosuspension (150 mg/kg) administered to CD2F1 mice 24 h before 9.25 Gy (60)Co radiation exposure resulted in a 30-day survival rate of 95% compared to 25% in vehicle-treated animals. In mice irradiated at 7 Gy, the genistein nanosuspension increased mouse bone marrow cellularity from approximately 2.9% (vehicle treated) to 28.3% on day 7 postirradiation. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated decreased radiation-induced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC, Lineage(-)/cKit(+)) death from 77.0% (vehicle) to 43.9% (genistein nanosuspension) with a significant recovery of clonogenicity 7 days after irradiation. The genistein nanosuspension also attenuated the radiation-induced elevation of proinflammatory factors interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mouse bone marrow and spleen, which may contribute to protecting HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam T Ha
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20889
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72
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Kong L, Mume E, Triani G, Smith SV. Optimizing radiolabeling amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles using SarAr-NCS for applications in imaging and radiotherapy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:5609-5616. [PMID: 23581487 DOI: 10.1021/la400630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles functionalized with amine groups and in the size range of approximately 60-94 nm were produced by combining sol-gel processing and emulsion technology. Hexa-aza cage ligand SarAr-NCS was conjugated to the silica nanoparticles and subsequently radiolabeled with a solution of (57)Co(2+)-doped carrier Co(2+). The number of Co(2+) ions bound to the silica particles at pH 7 was used to determine the average number of available SarAr-NCS ligands conjugated to a silica particle. For organically modified silica particles of 94.0 and 59.5 nm diameter, the maximum number of metal binding sites was determined to be 11700 and 3270 sites per particle, respectively. For silica particles (63.5 nm peak diameter) produced using an water-in-oil emulsion, the calculated average was 4480 on the particle surface. The number of SarAr-NCS conjugated on the particles was easily controlled, potentially providing for a range of products for applications in the risk assessment of particles and theranostic imaging or radiotherapy when radiolabeled with a suitable radioisotope such as (64)Cu or (67)Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linggen Kong
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Kirrawee DC NSW 2232, Australia.
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73
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Maggiorella L, Barouch G, Devaux C, Pottier A, Deutsch E, Bourhis J, Borghi E, Levy L. Nanoscale radiotherapy with hafnium oxide nanoparticles. Future Oncol 2013; 8:1167-81. [PMID: 23030491 DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM There is considerable interest in approaches that could improve the therapeutic window of radiotherapy. In this study, hafnium oxide nanoparticles were designed that concentrate in tumor cells to achieve intracellular high-energy dose deposit. MATERIALS & METHODS Conventional methods were used, implemented in different ways, to explore interactions of these high-atomic-number nanoparticles and ionizing radiation with biological systems. RESULTS Using the Monte Carlo simulation, these nanoparticles, when exposed to high-energy photons, were shown to demonstrate an approximately ninefold radiation dose enhancement compared with water. Importantly, the nanoparticles show satisfactory dispersion and persistence within the tumor and they form clusters in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Marked antitumor activity is demonstrated in human cancer models. Safety is similar in treated and control animals as demonstrated by a broad program of toxicology evaluation. CONCLUSION These findings, supported by good tolerance, provide the basis for developing this new type of nanoparticle as a promising anticancer approach in human patients.
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Gostinčar C, Muggia L, Grube M. Polyextremotolerant black fungi: oligotrophism, adaptive potential, and a link to lichen symbioses. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:390. [PMID: 23162543 PMCID: PMC3492852 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Black meristematic fungi can survive high doses of radiation and are resistant to desiccation. These adaptations help them to colonize harsh oligotrophic habitats, e.g., on the surface and subsurface of rocks. One of their most characteristic stress-resistance mechanisms is the accumulation of melanin in the cell walls. This, production of other protective molecules and a plastic morphology further contribute to ecological flexibility of black fungi. Increased growth rates of some species after exposure to ionizing radiation even suggest yet unknown mechanisms of energy production. Other unusual metabolic strategies may include harvesting UV or visible light or gaining energy by forming facultative lichen-like associations with algae or cyanobacteria. The latter is not entirely surprising, since certain black fungal lineages are phylogenetically related to clades of lichen-forming fungi. Similar to black fungi, lichen-forming fungi are adapted to growth on exposed surfaces with low availability of nutrients. They also efficiently use protective molecules to tolerate frequent periods of extreme stress. Traits shared by both groups of fungi may have been important in facilitating the evolution and radiation of lichen-symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cene Gostinčar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of ProteinsLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucia Muggia
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University GrazGraz, Austria
- Department of Life Science, University of TriesteTrieste, Italy
| | - Martin Grube
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University GrazGraz, Austria
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Kunwar A, Adhikary B, Jayakumar S, Barik A, Chattopadhyay S, Raghukumar S, Priyadarsini K. Melanin, a promising radioprotector: Mechanisms of actions in a mice model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 264:202-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Townley HE, Kim J, Dobson PJ. In vivo demonstration of enhanced radiotherapy using rare earth doped titania nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:5043-50. [PMID: 22767269 PMCID: PMC5520801 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30769c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is often limited by damage to healthy tissue and associated side-effects; restricting radiation to ineffective doses. Preferential incorporation of materials into tumour tissue can enhance the effect of radiation. Titania has precedent for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT), generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photoexcitation, but is limited by the penetration depth of UV light. Optimization of a nanomaterial for interaction with X-rays could be used for deep tumour treatment. As such, titania nanoparticles were doped with gadolinium to optimize the localized energy absorption from a conventional medical X-ray, and further optimized by the addition of other rare earth (RE) elements. These elements were selected due to their large X-ray photon interaction cross-section, and potential for integration into the titania crystal structure. Specific activation of the nanoparticles by X-ray can result in generation of ROS leading to cell death in a tumour-localized manner. We show here that intratumoural injection of RE doped titania nanoparticles can enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Townley
- Department of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
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Eisenman HC, Casadevall A. Synthesis and assembly of fungal melanin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:931-40. [PMID: 22173481 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is a unique pigment with myriad functions that is found in all biological kingdoms. It is multifunctional, providing defense against environmental stresses such as ultraviolet (UV) light, oxidizing agents and ionizing radiation. Melanin contributes to the ability of fungi to survive in harsh environments. In addition, it plays a role in fungal pathogenesis. Melanin is an amorphous polymer that is produced by one of two synthetic pathways. Fungi may synthesize melanin from endogenous substrate via a 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) intermediate. Alternatively, some fungi produce melanin from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa). The detailed chemical structure of melanin is not known. However, microscopic studies show that it has an overall granular structure. In fungi, melanin granules are localized to the cell wall where they are likely cross-linked to polysaccharides. Recent studies suggest the fungal melanin may be synthesized in internal vesicles akin to mammalian melanosomes and transported to the cell wall. Potential applications of melanin take advantage of melanin's radioprotective properties and propensity to bind to a variety of substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene C Eisenman
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College and Graduate Center, the City University of New York, 17 Lexington Avenue, Box A-506, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Ju KY, Lee Y, Lee S, Park SB, Lee JK. Bioinspired Polymerization of Dopamine to Generate Melanin-Like Nanoparticles Having an Excellent Free-Radical-Scavenging Property. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:625-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101281b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-Youn Ju
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Yuwon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
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