51
|
Abstract
Oral tolerance induction is thought to depend on special antigen presenting cells in the gut. A new report in the previous issue of Arthritis Research & Therapy supports this idea by demonstrating that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing dendritic cells in Peyer's patches from orally tolerized mice suppress T-cell responses via the generation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. This finding provides novel input into the mechanisms of oral tolerance that could further facilitate its use for the treatment of autoimmunity and chronic inflammatory reactions.
Collapse
|
52
|
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in lung dendritic cells promotes Th2 responses and allergic inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:6690-5. [PMID: 18436652 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0708809105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) has emerged as an important mediator of immune tolerance via inhibition of Th1 responses. However, the role of IDO in antigen-induced tolerance or allergic inflammation in the airways that is regulated by Th2 responses has not been elucidated. By using IDO(-/-) mice, we found no impairment of airway tolerance, but, surprisingly, absence of IDO provided significant relief from establishment of allergic airways disease, as evident from attenuated Th2 cytokine production, airway inflammation, mucus secretion, airway hyperresponsiveness, and serum ovalbumin-specific IgE. Myeloid dendritic cells isolated from lung-draining lymph nodes of mice immunized for either Th1 or Th2 response revealed fewer mature dendritic cells in the lymph nodes of IDO(-/-) mice. However, the net functional impact of IDO deficiency on antigen-induced responses was more remarkable in the Th2 model than in the Th1 model. Collectively, these data suggest that IDO is not required for the induction of immune tolerance in the airways but plays a role in promoting Th2-mediated allergic airway inflammation via unique effects on lung dendritic cells.
Collapse
|
53
|
MULLEY WILLIAMR, NIKOLIC-PATERSON DAVIDJ. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in transplantation (Review Article). Nephrology (Carlton) 2008; 13:204-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2007.00921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
54
|
Matysiak M, Stasiołek M, Orłowski W, Jurewicz A, Janczar S, Raine CS, Selmaj K. Stem cells ameliorate EAE via an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mechanism. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 193:12-23. [PMID: 18077006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Syngeneic, pluripotent Lin(-)Sca1(+) bone marrow stem cells (SC), transferred to mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis, enhanced recovery, prevented relapses and promoted myelin repair. SC-treated mice showed elevated interferon-gamma production and induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DC). IDO induction was specific since in the presence of IDO-producing CD11c(+) DC, PLP stimulated T cell proliferation was inhibited and the IDO-inhibitor, 1-MT, abrogated the SC effect. Relapse prevention during chronic disease correlated with decreased responsiveness to PLP(178-191) and MBP(85-99). Thus, pluripotent SC induce IDO in DC leading to inhibition of antigen reactivity and spreading in EAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Matysiak
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Ehser S, Chuang JJ, Kleist C, Sandra-Petrescu F, Iancu M, Wang D, Opelz G, Terness P. Suppressive dendritic cells as a tool for controlling allograft rejection in organ transplantation: Promises and difficulties. Hum Immunol 2008; 69:165-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
56
|
Clark DA, Gorczynski RM, Blajchman MA. Transfusion-related immunomodulation due to peripheral blood dendritic cells expressing the CD200 tolerance signaling molecule and alloantigen. Transfusion 2008; 48:814-21. [PMID: 18298594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transfusion of allogeneic blood products containing white cells (WBCs) has been reported to reduce resistance to infection, stimulate the growth of some types of tumors in animal models, and prevent abortion of allogeneic embryos in the CBAxDBA/2 murine model. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, the issue explored was whether allogeneic BALB/c whole blood given to C57Bl/6 mice by tail vein after injection of syngeneic FSL-10 fibrosarcoma cells increased the number of lung nodules enumerated on Day 21. The effect on the tumor growth-promoting effect produced by allogeneic BALB/c whole blood was then examined by exposure of the allogeneic BALB/c blood to various monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). The antibodies added to the BALB/c blood included anti-murine CD200 antibodies, anti-lymphoid dendritic cell (DC) antibodies (DEC205), or anti-myeloid DC (anti-CD11c) antibodies. RESULTS The tumor growth-promoting effect of the allogeneic BALB/c blood was abrogated by the addition to the BALB/c blood of MoAb either to myeloid DCs (anti-CD11c) or to the CD200 tolerance signaling molecule, but not by adding MoAb to lymphoid DCs (DEC205). BALB/c blood also was shown to increase the percentage of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta+ splenocytes detected in recipient mice, on Day 12 after transfusion. This effect was abrogated by adding anti-CD200 antibody to the BALB/c donor blood. Moreover, physiologic concentrations of TGF-beta, but not interleukin-10, were shown to stimulate, in cell culture experiments, the proliferation of syngeneic FSL-10 sarcoma cells. CONCLUSIONS These data support the hypothesis that the mechanism of the tumor growth-promoting effect of allogeneic blood is mediated by a highly potent population of peripheral blood DCs expressing the CD200 tolerance signaling molecule. These data also indicate that tumor cell growth can be mediated by the stimulation of TGF-beta-producing cells and that TGF-beta may act by tumor cell growth stimulation, rather than by host immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Clark
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Inflammation Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Grillo MA, Lanza A, Colombatto S. Transport of amino acids through the placenta and their role. Amino Acids 2008; 34:517-23. [PMID: 18172742 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are transported across the human placenta mediated by transporter proteins that differ in structure, mechanism and substrate specificity. Some of them are Na+-dependent systems, whereas others are Na+-independent. Among these there are transporters composed of a heavy chain, a glycoprotein, and a light chain. Moreover, they can be differently distributed in the two membranes forming the syncytiotrophoblast. The transport mechanisms involved and their regulation are only partially known. In the placenta itself, part of the amino acids is metabolized to form other compounds important for the fetus. This occurs for instance for arginine, which gives rise to polyamines and to NO. Interconversion occurs among few other amino acids Transport is altered in pregnancy complications, such as restricted fetal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Grillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Oncologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Biochimica, Università di Torino, Via Michelangelo 27, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Hill M, Tanguy-Royer S, Royer P, Chauveau C, Asghar K, Tesson L, Lavainne F, Rémy S, Brion R, Hubert FX, Heslan M, Rimbert M, Berthelot L, Moffett JR, Josien R, Grégoire M, Anegon I. IDO expands human CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells by promoting maturation of LPS-treated dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:3054-62. [PMID: 17948274 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) express indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), as well as several other enzymes of the kynurenine pathway at the mRNA level upon maturation. The tolerogenic mechanisms of this pathway remain unclear. Here we show that LPS-treated DC metabolize tryptophan as far as quinolinate. We found that IDO contributes to LPS and TNF-alpha + poly(I:C)-induced DC maturation since IDO inhibition using two different inhibitors impairs DC maturation. IDO knock-down using short-hairpin RNA also led to diminished LPS-induced maturation. In line with these results, the tryptophan-derived catabolites 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine increased maturation of LPS-treated DC. Concerning the molecular mechanisms of this effect, IDO acts as an intermediate pathway in LPS-induced production of reactive oxygen species and NF-kappaB activation, two processes that lead to DC maturation. Finally, we show that mature DC expand CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells in an IDO-dependent manner. In conclusion, we show that IDO constitutes an intermediate pathway in DC maturation leading to expansion of CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells.
Collapse
|
59
|
Terness P, Kallikourdis M, Betz AG, Rabinovich GA, Saito S, Clark DA. Tolerance signaling molecules and pregnancy: IDO, galectins, and the renaissance of regulatory T cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2007; 58:238-54. [PMID: 17681041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Is the concept of maternal tolerance preventing rejection of the semi-allogeneic 'fetal allograft' still valid? METHOD OF STUDY Compilation of expert reviews of literature and recent advances in research on indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), regulatory T cells and galectin-1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A role for IDO in pregnancy success remains speculative, but solid data exist to support a role for Treg cells, and for galectin-1 in induction and action of Treg cells. Just as several signals may need to be simultaneously present to induce Th1 cytokine-triggered abortions, more than 1 signal may need to be simultaneously present to prevent rejection and ensure success. Both complement and coagulation pathways appear necessary for embryo execution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Terness
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Williams CA, Harry RA, McLeod JD. Apoptotic cells induce dendritic cell-mediated suppression via interferon-gamma-induced IDO. Immunology 2007; 124:89-101. [PMID: 18067553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are sensitive to their local environment and are affected by proximal cell death. This study investigated the modulatory effect of cell death on DC function. Monocyte-derived DC exposed to apoptotic Jurkat or primary T cells failed to induce phenotypic maturation of the DC and were unable to support CD4+ allogeneic T-cell proliferation compared with DC exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or necrotic cells. Apoptotic cells coincubated with LPS- or necrotic cell-induced mature DC significantly suppressed CD80, CD86 and CD83 and attenuated LPS-induced CD4+ T-cell proliferation. Reduced levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-10, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were found to be concomitant with the suppressive activity of apoptotic cells upon DC. Furthermore, intracellular staining confirmed IFN-gamma expression by DC in association with apoptotic environments. The specific generation of IFN-gamma by DC within apoptotic environments is suggestive of an anti-inflammatory role by the induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Both neutralization of IFN-gamma and IDO blockade demonstrated a role for IFN-gamma and IDO in the suppression of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that IDO expression within the DC was found to be IFN-gamma-dependent. Blocking transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) also produced a partial release in T-cell proliferation. Our study strongly suggests that apoptosis-induced DC suppression is not an immunological null event and two prime mediators underpinning these functional effects are IFN-gamma-induced IDO and TGF-beta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Williams
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Is IDO a key enzyme bridging the gap between tumor escape and tolerance induction? Langenbecks Arch Surg 2007; 393:995-1003. [PMID: 18064486 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-007-0245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shaping immune responses to prevent tumor-induced tolerance or transplant rejection after solid organ transplantation is a permanently expanding field of research. Immunological tolerance, in this case, is a double-edged sword. Tumors escape immune surveillance by creating an abnormal state of tolerance towards their own antigens, whereas transplantation medicine is challenged to develop new strategies to induce allograft-specific immunological tolerance. One mechanism possibly capable of achieving immunoregulation is based on indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). OBJECTIVE This overview article focuses on IDO-mediated tryptophan catabolism with special regard to its role in cancer and transplantation immunology. RESULTS The historical view about IDO as a host's antimicrobial defence mechanism has been extended by the observation that its expression is essential for successful allogeneic pregnancy. Subsequent studies analysing IDO as an immune-regulatory enzyme describe its implications in cancer immune escape, as chemical abrogation of enzyme activity with 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT), results in enhanced antitumor responses in animal models. Therefore, a clinical trial treating cancer patients with 1-MT has been started. IDO also seems to play an essential role in the control of allo- and autoreactive T cell responses. CTLA4-Ig is able to induce IDO expression in dendritic cells (DCs) and consequently renders them tolerogenic, which might provide one explanation for the observed therapeutic effects of abatacept and belatacept. CONCLUSION There is evidence that IDO achieves immune modulation in several animal models. However, in humans, this remains controversially discussed.
Collapse
|
62
|
Popov A, Schultze JL. IDO-expressing regulatory dendritic cells in cancer and chronic infection. J Mol Med (Berl) 2007; 86:145-60. [PMID: 17876564 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-007-0262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 08/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune evasion and T cell tolerance induction have been associated both with malignant disease and chronic infection. In recent years, increasing evidence has been accumulated that antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DC) play a major role in immune regulation. They are not only involved in the induction of immunity but also can inhibit immune responses. Interesting parallels for major molecular mechanisms involved in turning DC from stimulatory to regulatory cells have been uncovered between malignant disease and chronic infection. Apparently, not only inhibitory cytokines such as IL-10 seem to play a role, but also metabolic mechanisms dysregulating tryptophan metabolism, thereby, leading to inhibition of T cells and pathogens. We focus here on recent findings establishing the tryptophan catabolizing enzyme indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) as a central feature of DC with regulatory function both in cancer and chronic infection. Induction of enzymatically active IDO can be triggered by various soluble and membrane-bound factors, and in general, require interferon (IFN) signaling. In addition, based on the most recently established link between tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), prostaglandin E2 and IDO, a new model of regulation of IDO in context of cancer and infection is proposed. In light of the increasing use of anti-TNFalpha drugs, these findings are also of great interest to the clinician scientist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Popov
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology, Clinic I for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Zamanakou M, Germenis AE, Karanikas V. Tumor immune escape mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Immunol Lett 2007; 111:69-75. [PMID: 17644189 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Amongst the numerous mediators contributing towards the escape of tumors from the host's immune response against them, the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has recently attracted special attention. By catabolizing tryptophan to N-formyl-kynurenine, IDO starves T cells from this important amino acid rendering them incapable of mounting appropriate immune responses. Originally, IDO has been associated to peripheral tolerance and maternal tolerance towards the fetus. The recent identification of IDO-expressing tumor cells has implicated this molecule as a key mediator of the tumor immune escape. Mounting evidence indicates that, within the tumor microenvironment, not only tumor cells but also other infiltrating cells such as dendritic cells, monocytes and others can be sources of IDO. IDO-induced tryptophan depletion from the tumor microenvironment could be the result of either elevated levels of the enzyme or augmented tryptophan consumption by both tumor cells and antigen presenting cells of the host. Beyond the tryptophan depletion, accumulation of its metabolites into the tumor environment seems to also propagate the suppression of anti-tumor immune responses. Finally, evidence emerges indicating that IDO possibly promotes tumor immune escape by inducing an immunoregulatory or an anergic T cell phenotype at a systemic level. In this context, anti-IDO therapeutic approaches are already under investigation, considering 1-methyl-tryptophan, its analogues as well as newly identified chemicals and natural extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zamanakou
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Abstract
Sir David Cuthbertson was the first to define metabolic alterations in post-aggression syndrome (PAS). From basic measurements of nitrogen loss and total protein synthesis/degradation, the current research has moved to genomics, proteomics and metabolomics. In this respect, first evidence was accumulated for the influence of acute catabolism, immobilisation by bed rest and sarcopenia of old age on the muscle-cell genome and proteome. Moreover, in post-aggression syndrome specific amino acids such as glutamine, arginine, glycine, taurine, tryptophan and cysteine are used for cell and immune modulation. Our laboratory has focused on the regulative capacity of glutamine. Glutamine deficiency as found in post-aggression syndrome reduces lymphocyte proliferation, alters monocyte/macrophage activity, decreases the formation of heat-shock proteins, stimulates cell apoptosis, shifts the cellular redox potential by altering the glutathione synthesis and increases the activity of the AMPK system. Investigating the molecular effect of glutamine on Hsp 70 induction, we tested the glutamine dependence on the formation of transfer-RNA and of heat-shock factor 1 (HSF 1), and on transcription and translation of Hsp 70. We could demonstrate that glutamine stabilises the mRNA of Hsp 70 thereby prolonging its half-life. The lecture also discusses the principal molecular targets of administered arginine, glycine, cysteine, taurine and tryptophan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erich Roth
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Pree I, Bigenzahn S, Fuchs D, Koporc Z, Nierlich P, Winkler C, Brandacher G, Sykes M, Muehlbacher F, Langer F, Wekerle T. CTLA4Ig promotes the induction of hematopoietic chimerism and tolerance independently of Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase. Transplantation 2007; 83:663-7. [PMID: 17353791 PMCID: PMC2992942 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000255594.23445.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) under costimulation blockade induces mixed chimerism and tolerance in rodent models. Recent data, predominantly from in vitro studies, suggest that in addition to blocking the CD28 costimulation pathway CTLA4Ig also acts through upregulating the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Here we demonstrate that even though CTLA4Ig is critically required for the induction of chimerism and tolerance in a murine model of nonmyeloablative BMT, IDO activity is not. No significant differences were detectable in the kynurenine to tryptophan ratios (indicative of IDO activity) in sera of BMT recipients treated with CTLA4Ig (tolerant group) versus BMT recipients treated without CTLA4Ig (nontolerant group) versus naïve controls. In vivo inhibition of IDO immediately after BMT with CTLA4Ig or several months thereafter did not block achievement of chimerism and tolerance. Thus, IDO does not play a critical role in the induction or maintenance of chimerism and tolerance in a CTLA4Ig-based BMT model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Pree
- Div. of Transplantation, Dept. of Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sinda Bigenzahn
- Div. of Transplantation, Dept. of Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocentre, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zvonimir Koporc
- Div. of Transplantation, Dept. of Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Nierlich
- Div. of Transplantation, Dept. of Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiana Winkler
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocentre, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Dept. of General and Transplant Surgery; Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Megan Sykes
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02129, USA
| | - Ferdinand Muehlbacher
- Div. of Transplantation, Dept. of Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Langer
- Div. of Transplantation, Dept. of Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Div. of Transplantation, Dept. of Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), by enzymatic tryptophan degradation, has recently been proposed to have profound immunoregulatory activity. By most recent findings IDO induction follows reverse signaling of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) to its ligands CD80/86 and acts as a counter-regulatory mechanism to T-cell stimulation. With regard to transplantation, experimental evidence suggests that IDO has the potential to down-regulate allo-responses of T cells in vitro and to promote tolerance in murine models of pancreatic islet transplantation and of allogeneic T-cell transfer in vivo. However, the physiologic role of IDO in human organ transplantation still is to be elucidated. Experiments that clearly identify a significance of IDO in tolerance induction to vascularized organ allografts or in effecting costimulation blockade are required. In this review we provide a conceptual view of the current knowledge of IDO in the context of transplantation and, in light of its particular biological features, speculate about its potential application in novel therapeutic approaches for tolerance induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Hainz
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Transplantation Immunology, Kinderspitalgasse, Wien, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Löb S, Ebner S, Wagner S, Weinreich J, Schäfer R, Königsrainer A. Are Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase Producing Human Dendritic Cells a Tool for Suppression of Allogeneic T-cell Responses? Transplantation 2007; 83:468-73. [PMID: 17318080 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000251646.09702.ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppressive dendritic cells (DCs) are a promising tool for tolerance induction in transplantation. A human DCs subpopulation, which constitutively expresses indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a molecule shown to prevent the rejection of fetus during pregnancy, has recently been described. This subset, characterized by nonadherence and CD123/CCR6 expression, exhibited sustained IDO production if exposed to interleukin (IL)-10. In the present work, we generated human nonadherent, CD123/CCR6 DCs secreting IL-10. METHODS Monocytes were separated by plastic adherence and differentiated to DCs in the presecence of IL-3 and IL-4. Expression of IDO was determined by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyme activity by reverse-phased high-performance liquid chromatography. Mixed lymphocyte cultures were performed with allogeneic nylon wool-purified T-cells. RESULTS Contradicting previous findings, CD123+/CCR6+ DCs did not express IDO. Maturation of these cells with inducer-cytokines up-regulated IDO, but the allogeneic T-cell stimulatory capacity of these DCs was even stronger than that of immature IDO DCs, and chemical abrogation of IDO activity did not increase T-cell proliferation. In parallel, we generated mature IDO DCs, but these cells also did not induce stronger T-cell stimulation than their IDO counterpart. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CD123/CCR6 DCs do not constitutively express IDO and "induced" IDO DCs, even coexpressing anti-inflammatory IL-10, do not suppress allogeneic T-cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Löb
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Popov A, Abdullah Z, Wickenhauser C, Saric T, Driesen J, Hanisch FG, Domann E, Raven EL, Dehus O, Hermann C, Eggle D, Debey S, Chakraborty T, Krönke M, Utermöhlen O, Schultze JL. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing dendritic cells form suppurative granulomas following Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:3160-70. [PMID: 17111046 PMCID: PMC1636691 DOI: 10.1172/jci28996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of pathogens by formation of abscesses and granulomas is a major strategy of the innate immune system, especially when effector mechanisms of adaptive immunity are insufficient. We show in human listeriosis that DCs expressing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), together with macrophages, are major cellular components of suppurative granulomas in vivo. Induction of IDO by DCs is a cell-autonomous response to Listeria monocytogenes infection and was also observed in other granulomatous infections with intracellular bacteria, such as Bartonella henselae. Reporting on our use of the clinically applied anti-TNF-alpha antibody infliximab, we further demonstrate in vitro that IDO induction is TNF-alpha dependent. Repression of IDO therefore might result in exacerbation of granulomatous diseases observed during anti-TNF-alpha therapy. These findings place IDO(+) DCs not only at the intersection of innate and adaptive immunity but also at the forefront of bacterial containment in granulomatous infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Popov
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Zeinab Abdullah
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tomo Saric
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julia Driesen
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Franz-Georg Hanisch
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Eugen Domann
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Emma Lloyd Raven
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Oliver Dehus
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Corinna Hermann
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniela Eggle
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Svenja Debey
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martin Krönke
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Olaf Utermöhlen
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology at the Clinic I for Internal Medicine,
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,
Institute for Pathology,
Institute for Neurophysiology,
Institute for Biochemistry II, and
Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Agaugué S, Perrin-Cocon L, Coutant F, André P, Lotteau V. 1-Methyl-tryptophan can interfere with TLR signaling in dendritic cells independently of IDO activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:2061-71. [PMID: 16887964 PMCID: PMC2377404 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.4.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The compound 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT) is a competitive inhibitor of IDO that can break tolerance and induce fetus, graft, and tumor rejection. Because of its broad effect on immune-related mechanisms, the direct action of 1-MT on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) was analyzed. It is shown here that the effect of 1-MT on DC is dependent on the maturation pathway. Although 1-MT had no effect on DC stimulated by the TLR3 ligand poly(I:C), it strongly enhanced the Th1 profile of DC stimulated with TLR2/1 or TLR2/6 ligands. Drastic changes in the function of DC stimulated by the TLR4 ligand LPS were induced by 1-MT. These cells could still activate allogeneic and syngeneic T cells but stimulation yielded T cells secreting IL-5 and IL-13 rather than IFN-gamma. This action of 1-MT correlated with an increased phosphorylation of p38 and ERK MAPKs and sustained activation of the transcription factor c-Fos. Inhibiting p38 and ERK phosphorylation with synthetic inhibitors blocked the effect of 1-MT on LPS-stimulated DC. Thus, 1-MT can modulate DC function depending on the maturation signal and independently of its action on IDO. This is consistent with previous observations and will help further understanding the mechanisms of DC polarization.
Collapse
|
70
|
Muller AJ, Scherle PA. Targeting the mechanisms of tumoral immune tolerance with small-molecule inhibitors. Nat Rev Cancer 2006; 6:613-25. [PMID: 16862192 DOI: 10.1038/nrc1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been predominantly focused on biologically based intervention strategies. However, recent advances in the understanding of tumour-host interactions at the molecular level have revealed targets that might be amenable to intervention with small-molecule inhibitors. In particular, key effectors of tumoral immune escape have been identified that contribute to a dominant toleragenic state that is suspected of limiting the successful implementation of treatment strategies that rely on boosting immune function. Within the context of the pathophysiology of cancer-associated immune tolerance, this Review delineates potential molecular targets for therapeutic intervention and the progress that has been made in developing small-molecule inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Muller
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania 19096, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|