51
|
Gandhi NA, Pirozzi G, Graham NMH. Commonality of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway in atopic diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:425-437. [PMID: 28277826 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1298443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergy results from an aberrant Type 2 inflammatory response, triggered by a wide range of environmental antigens (allergens) that lead to various immune responses, culminating in the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE). Two key cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, are critical to the induction and perpetuation of the Type 2 response, and have been implicated in multiple atopic diseases. Area covered: This review summarizes recent milestone developments that have elucidated components of the pathogenesis of atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, and chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (CSwNP). Expert commentary: Several therapeutic agents that selectively target potentiators of the Type 2 pathway have shown efficacy in one or more of these atopic diseases, but few agents have proven to be broadly applicable across all three atopic diseases. Dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody that simultaneously inhibits signaling of IL-4 and IL-13, has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in AD, asthma, and CSwNP. The fact that these diseases often occur as comorbidities and respond to the same therapy suggests that there is a common underlying pathogenic pathway, and that IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines are central to regulating the pathogenesis of these atopic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namita A Gandhi
- a Clinical Sciences , Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Tarrytown , New York , USA
| | - Gianluca Pirozzi
- b Research and Development , Sanofi, Bridgewater , New Jersey , USA
| | - Neil M H Graham
- c Project Direction , Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Tarrytown , New York , USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Li F, Zhu Y, Xie X, Ke R, Li S, Liu L, Lu J, Li M. Interleukin-12B gene polymorphisms and bronchial asthma risk: A meta-analysis. J Asthma 2017; 54:777-783. [PMID: 28287286 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1277536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aims to investigate whether interleukin-12B (IL-12B) -1188A/C or the promoter polymorphisms may be a risk factor for asthma. DATA SOURCES Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases were searched (updated August 20, 2015). STUDY SELECTIONS Articles evaluating the association between IL-12B genetic polymorphisms and asthma risk were selected. RESULTS 13 eligible studies with a total of 5092 subjects were finally included in this meta-analysis. For IL-12B -1188A/C, analysis by ethnicity indicated that there was a markedly reduced risk for asthma in East Asian (CC + AC vs. AA: OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.50-0.81, P < 0.001). For IL-12B promoter, analysis by ethnicity indicated there was a markedly increased risk in East Asian (MM vs. WM + WW: OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.18-2.10, P = 0.002). Analysis by allergic state revealed the similar results in atopic subgroup. CONCLUSIONS IL-12B -1188 C allele may be a protective factor against asthma in East Asian. In addition, promoter MM genotype may be a risk factor for asthma in East Asian and allergic people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Li
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xinming Xie
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Rui Ke
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Shaojun Li
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Lu Liu
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jun Lu
- b Department of Clinical Research Center , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Manxiang Li
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
[Immunological background and pathomechanisms of food allergies]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:723-31. [PMID: 27177897 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in immunology have greatly improved our understanding of the pathomechanisms of food allergies. Food allergies are caused and maintained by complex interactions of the innate and adaptive immune system involving antigen-presenting cells (APC), T cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), epithelial cells (EC) and effectors cells. Additionally, epigenetic factors, the intestinal microbiome and nutritional factors modulating the gastrointestinal lymphatic tissue probably have a significant impact on allergy development. However, why certain individuals develop tolerance while others mount allergic responses, the factors defining the allergenicity of food proteins, as well as the immunological mechanisms triggering allergy development have yet to be analyzed in detail.
Collapse
|
54
|
Sun Q, Liu L, Wang H, Mandal J, Khan P, Hostettler KE, Stolz D, Tamm M, Molino A, Lardinois D, Lu S, Roth M. Constitutive high expression of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 in asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells is caused by reduced microRNA-19a expression and leads to enhanced remodeling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:510-524.e3. [PMID: 28081849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In asthma remodeling airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) contribute to airway wall thickness through increased proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix deposition. Previously, we described that protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) participates in airway remodeling in pulmonary inflammation in E3 rats. OBJECTIVE We sought to define the asthma-specific regulatory mechanism of PRMT1 in human ASMCs. METHODS ASMCs from healthy subjects and asthmatic patients were activated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. PRMT1 was localized by means of immunohistochemistry in human lung tissue sections and by means of immunofluorescence in isolated ASMCs. PRMT1 activity was suppressed by the pan-PRMT inhibitor AMI-1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was suppressed by small interfering RNA, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was suppressed by PD98059. MicroRNAs (miRs) were assessed by using real-time quantitative PCR and regulated by miR mimics or inhibitors. RESULTS PRMT1 expression was significantly increased in lung tissue sections and in isolated ASMCs of patients with severe asthma. PDGF-BB significantly increased PRMT1 expression through ERK1/2 MAPK and STAT1 signaling in control ASMCs, whereas in ASMCs from asthmatic patients, these proteins were constitutively expressed. ASMCs from asthmatic patients had reduced miR-19a expression, causing upregulation of ERK1/2 MAPK, STAT1, and PRMT1. Inhibition of PRMT1 abrogated collagen type I and fibronectin deposition, cell proliferation, and migration of ASMCs from asthmatic patients. CONCLUSIONS PRMT1 is a central regulator of tissue remodeling in ASMCs from asthmatic patients through the pathway: PDGF-BB-miR-19a-ERK1/2 MAPK and STAT1. Low miR-19a expression in ASMCs from asthmatic patients is the key event that results in constitutive increased PRMT1 expression and remodeling. Therefore PRMT1 is an attractive target to limit airway wall remodeling in asthmatic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Stem Cells and Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jyotshna Mandal
- Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra Khan
- Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin E Hostettler
- Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Molino
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Didier Lardinois
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Michael Roth
- Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Bachmann MF, Kündig TM. Allergen-specific immunotherapy: is it vaccination against toxins after all? Allergy 2017; 72:13-23. [PMID: 27558586 DOI: 10.1111/all.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
IgE-mediated allergies, in particular allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma, have reached epidemic proportions, affecting about one-third of the population in developed countries. The most effective treatment for allergies is specific immunotherapy (SIT), which involves the injection of increasing doses of an allergen extract to allergic individuals. The current form of SIT was first introduced in 1911 and recently celebrated its 100th birthday for the treatment of hay fever. The concept of this therapy at the time was straightforward, as it was believed that pollen contained toxins against which the patient could be vaccinated. However, the understanding became blurred with the discovery that IgE antibodies were the effector molecules of the allergic response. Subsequent research focused on the idea that SIT should induce tolerance keeping the IgE antibodies at bay. In this review, we will discuss the various hypotheses for the mechanism of SIT and we will put forward the concept that allergens may be viewed as 'protoxins' which need to be activated by IgE antibodies. Within this framework, protoxin-neutralizing antibodies are the key effector molecules while a shift to Th1 or Treg cells mainly contributes to the efficacy of SIT by helping B cells to produce neutralizing IgG antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Bachmann
- Immunology; RIA; University Hospital Bern; Bern Switzerland
- The Jenner Institute; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - T. M. Kündig
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Wawrzyniak P, Wawrzyniak M, Wanke K, Sokolowska M, Bendelja K, Rückert B, Globinska A, Jakiela B, Kast JI, Idzko M, Akdis M, Sanak M, Akdis CA. Regulation of bronchial epithelial barrier integrity by type 2 cytokines and histone deacetylases in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
57
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review was to systematically analyze recent studies updating our knowledge on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in childhood asthma. RECENT FINDINGS A systematic literature search was conducted that identified 23 fresh articles published within the last 5 years reporting the results of human studies on the relationships between epigenetic modifications and childhood asthma or its/related phenotypes. In almost all these studies, meaningful associations between levels of epigenetic marks (DNA methylation and/or histone modifications) and pediatric asthma or its/related phenotypes have been observed. In addition, many studies identified by our screening analyzed those associations in the context of environmental factors, such as pollution, tobacco smoke, farming, or diet, showing in a huge majority a modifying effect of those exposures. SUMMARY The results of our systematic literature search provide a strong support for the role of epigenetic mechanisms in (mediating the effects of environmental exposure on) pediatric asthma. This knowledge may possibly be translated into diagnostic and/or therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
58
|
Folate status, regulatory T cells and MTHFR C677T polymorphism study in allergic children. Adv Med Sci 2016; 61:300-305. [PMID: 27149557 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate early-life folate serum concentrations in children with food, inhalant or mixed type allergy. The influence of folate levels on the FoxP3 expression in Treg (regulatory T) cells in the studied children, taking into account the MTHFR (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) genotypes was also analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed in 83 allergic children (study group) and 49 healthy children (control group), aged 2-72 months. Medical history of each child was obtained and laboratory tests (serum folic acid concentrations and MTHFR C677T polymorphism) were carried out. The percentage of Treg cells was evaluated in almost a half of the examined subjects (48.5%). RESULTS Significantly higher serum folate levels in the group of children with food allergy than in those with inhalant allergy was confirmed (P=0.037). In the study group the TT homozygotes were characterized by significantly lower folate concentrations than CC homozygotes (P=0.045). A negative correlation was demonstrated between the FoxP3 expression in CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ peripheral blood lymphocytes and serum folic acid concentrations. The correlation was more pronounced in the group of allergic children and it was statistically significant (r=-0.339, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the study indicate a possibility of some effects of folate status on Treg cells, thus suggesting their potential role in the development and course of allergy in children.
Collapse
|
59
|
Hales BJ, Hizawa N, Jenmalm M, Sverremark-Ekström E, Wardlaw AJ. Developments in the field of allergy in 2014 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1723-45. [PMID: 26492197 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of asthma continues to be a major topic of interest to our authors with reviews and original papers on the role of viruses, mechanisms of inflammation, biomarkers, and phenotypes of asthma being major topics. A number of papers described new treatments for asthma focusing on blocking the Th2 response reflecting the fact that two decades of work in this area is finally bearing fruit. The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis is a growing area of interest, but there has been less on the genetics of airways disease than in previous years possibly reflecting the degree of rigour (and therefore a smaller body of work), with which these sorts of studies are now being undertaken. There continues to be a wide range of papers dealing with mechanisms of allergic disease ranging from clinical-based studies to basic research and the use of in vivo animal models especially mice. As before, mechanisms and new approaches to immunotherapy are common themes. Several were published in the allergens section investigating modification of allergens to increase their effectiveness and reduce the risk of adverse events. Risk factors for allergic disease was a common theme in the epidemiology section and food allergy a common theme in clinical allergy with papers on the development of protocols to induce tolerance and attempts to find biomarkers to distinguish sensitization from allergic disease. This was another exciting year for the editors, and we hope the readers of the journal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Hales
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - N Hizawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Jenmalm
- Unit of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - E Sverremark-Ekström
- M.C., Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A J Wardlaw
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Landgraf-Rauf K, Anselm B, Schaub B. The puzzle of immune phenotypes of childhood asthma. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:27. [PMID: 27468754 PMCID: PMC4965363 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma represents the most common chronic childhood disease worldwide. Whereas preschool children present with wheezing triggered by different factors (multitrigger and viral wheeze), clinical asthma manifestation in school children has previously been classified as allergic and non-allergic asthma. For both, the underlying immunological mechanisms are not yet understood in depth in children. Treatment is still prescribed regardless of underlying mechanisms, and children are not always treated successfully. This review summarizes recent key findings on the complex mechanisms of the development and manifestation of childhood asthma. Whereas traditional classification of childhood asthma is primarily based on clinical symptoms like wheezing and atopy, novel approaches to specify asthma phenotypes are under way and face challenges such as including the stability of phenotypes over time and transition into adulthood. Epidemiological studies enclose more information on the patient’s disease history and environmental influences. Latest studies define endotypes based on molecular and cellular mechanisms, for example defining risk and protective single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and new immune phenotypes, showing promising results. Also, regulatory T cells and recently discovered T helper cell subtypes such as Th9 and Th17 cells were shown to be important for the development of asthma. Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) could play a critical role in asthma patients as they produce different cytokines associated with asthma. Epigenetic findings showed different acetylation and methylation patterns for children with allergic and non-allergic asthma. On a posttranscriptional level, miRNAs are regulating factors identified to differ between asthma patients and healthy controls and also indicate differences within asthma phenotypes. Metabolomics is another exciting chapter important for endotyping asthmatic children. Despite the development of new biomarkers and the discovery of new immunological molecules, the complex puzzle of childhood asthma is still far from being completed. Addressing the current challenges of distinct clinical asthma and wheeze phenotypes, including their stability and underlying endotypes, involves addressing the interplay of innate and adaptive immune regulatory mechanisms in large, interdisciplinary cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Landgraf-Rauf
- Department of Pulmonary and Allergy, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.,Member of German Lung Centre (DZL), CPC, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Anselm
- Department of Pulmonary and Allergy, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Department of Pulmonary and Allergy, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany. .,Member of German Lung Centre (DZL), CPC, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Mims JW. Asthma: definitions and pathophysiology. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 5 Suppl 1:S2-6. [PMID: 26335832 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common condition due to chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. Chronic lower airway inflammation is known to be more common in individuals that also have inflammatory disorders of the upper airway. The scientific understanding of asthma continues to improve and it is important for providers who treat upper or lower airway inflammation to be familiar with asthma's definition and pathophysiology. METHODS Articles were selected based on literature reviews through PubMed and personal knowledge of the author. The search selection was not standardized. RESULTS Asthma is a heterogenic condition that is underdiagnosed and undertreated despite that the skills needed to diagnose it are readily attainable and effective treatments are available. Providers need a working understanding of asthma in order to be proficient at managing their patients with chronic nasal or sinus inflammation. This article provides a primer focusing on the current conception asthma in terms of definition, possible etiologies, inflammatory profile, pathophysiology, subtypes, and overlapping conditions. CONCLUSION Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder arising from not fully understood heterogenic gene-environment interactions. It features variable airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Clinically, asthmatics exhibit recurrent episodes of wheeze, cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Mims
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Petrus NCM, Henneman P, Venema A, Mul A, van Sinderen F, Haagmans M, Mook O, Hennekam RC, Sprikkelman AB, Mannens M. Cow's milk allergy in Dutch children: an epigenetic pilot survey. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:16. [PMID: 27148440 PMCID: PMC4855719 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is a common disease in infancy. Early environmental factors are likely to contribute to CMA. It is known that epigenetic gene regulation can be altered by environmental factors. We have set up a proof of concept study, aiming to detect epigenetic associations specific with CMA. Methods We studied children from the Dutch EuroPrevall birth cohort study (N = 20 CMA, N = 23 controls, N = 10 tolerant boys), age and gender matched. CMA was challenge proven. Bisulfite converted DNA (blood) was analyzed using the 450K infinium DNA-methylation array. Four groups (combined, girls, boys and tolerant boys) were analysed between CMA and controls. Statistical analysis and pathway-analysis were performed in “R” using IMA, Minfi and the global-test package. Differentially methylated regions in DHX58, ZNF281, EIF42A and HTRA2 genes were validated by quantitative amplicon sequencing (ROCHE 454®). Results General hypermethylation was found in the CMA group compared to control children, while this effect was absent in the tolerant group. Methylation differences were, among others, found in regions of DHX58, ZNF281, EIF42A and HTRA2 genes. Several of these genes are known to be involved in immunological pathways and associated with other allergies. Conclusion We show that epigenetic associations are involved in CMA. Although, the statistical power of our study is limited and our sample was based on whole blood, we were still able to detect feasible loci and pathways. Therefore our findings might contribute to future diagnostic or therapeutic interventions for specific CMA. Further studies have to confirm the findings of our study.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13601-016-0105-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C M Petrus
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, H7-270, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Henneman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Venema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adri Mul
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke van Sinderen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Haagmans
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Mook
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, H7-270, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aline B Sprikkelman
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, H7-270, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Epigenetics in Kidney Transplantation: Current Evidence, Predictions, and Future Research Directions. Transplantation 2016; 100:23-38. [PMID: 26356174 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are changes to the genome that occur without any alteration in DNA sequence. These changes include cytosine methylation of DNA at cytosine-phosphate diester-guanine dinucleotides, histone modifications, microRNA interactions, and chromatin remodeling complexes. Epigenetic modifications may exert their effect independently or complementary to genetic variants and have the potential to modify gene expression. These modifications are dynamic, potentially heritable, and can be induced by environmental stimuli or drugs. There is emerging evidence that epigenetics play an important role in health and disease. However, the impact of epigenetic modifications on the outcomes of kidney transplantation is currently poorly understood and deserves further exploration. Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for end-stage renal disease, but allograft loss remains a significant challenge that leads to increased morbidity and return to dialysis. Epigenetic modifications may influence the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of the immune cells, and therefore may have a critical role in the host immune response to the allograft and its outcome. The epigenome of the donor may also impact kidney graft survival, especially those epigenetic modifications associated with early transplant stressors (e.g., cold ischemia time) and donor aging. In the present review, we discuss evidence supporting the role of epigenetic modifications in ischemia-reperfusion injury, host immune response to the graft, and graft response to injury as potential new tools for the diagnosis and prediction of graft function, and new therapeutic targets for improving outcomes of kidney transplantation.
Collapse
|
64
|
Wawrzyniak P, Akdis CA, Finkelman FD, Rothenberg ME. Advances and highlights in mechanisms of allergic disease in 2015. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1681-1696. [PMID: 27090934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights some of the advances in mechanisms of allergic disease, particularly anaphylaxis, including food allergy, drug hypersensitivity, atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic conjunctivitis, and airway diseases. During the last year, a mechanistic advance in food allergy was achieved by focusing on mechanisms of allergen sensitization. Novel biomarkers and treatment for mastocytosis were presented in several studies. Novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis showed that promising supplementation of the infant's diet in the first year of life with immunoactive prebiotics might have a preventive role against early development of AD and that therapeutic approaches to treat AD in children might be best directed to the correction of a TH2/TH1 imbalance. Several studies were published emphasizing the role of the epithelial barrier in patients with allergic diseases. An impaired skin barrier as a cause for sensitization to food allergens in children and its relationship to filaggrin mutations has been an important development. Numerous studies presented new approaches for improvement of epithelial barrier function and novel biologicals used in the treatment of inflammatory skin and eosinophilic diseases. In addition, novel transcription factors and signaling molecules that can develop as new possible therapeutic targets have been reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Zhang Y. Potential therapeutic targets from genetic and epigenetic approaches for asthma. World J Transl Med 2016; 5:14-25. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v5.i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disorder characterised by inflammation of airway and symptoms of wheeze and shortness of breath. Allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis are immunoglobulin E (IgE) related diseases. Current therapies targeting asthma rely on non-specific medication to control airway inflammation and prevent symptoms. Severe asthma remains difficult to treat. Genetic and genomic approaches of asthma and IgE identified many novel loci underling the disease pathophysiology. Recent epigenetic approaches also revealed the insights of DNA methylation and chromatin modification on histones in asthma and IgE. More than 30 microRNAs have been identified to have regulating roles in asthma. Understanding the pathways of the novel genetic loci and epigenetic elements in asthma and IgE will provide new therapeutic means for clinical management of the disease in future.
Collapse
|
66
|
Sarnowski C, Laprise C, Malerba G, Moffatt MF, Dizier MH, Morin A, Vincent QB, Rohde K, Esparza-Gordillo J, Margaritte-Jeannin P, Liang L, Lee YA, Bousquet J, Siroux V, Pignatti PF, Cookson WO, Lathrop M, Pastinen T, Demenais F, Bouzigon E. DNA methylation within melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) mediates paternally transmitted genetic variant effect on asthma plus rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:748-753. [PMID: 27038909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are common allergic comorbidities with a strong genetic component in which epigenetic mechanisms might be involved. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify novel risk loci for asthma and AR while accounting for parent-of-origin effect. METHODS We performed a series of genetic analyses, taking into account the parent-of-origin effect in families ascertained through asthma: (1) genome-wide linkage scan of asthma and AR in 615 European families, (2) association analysis with 1233 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the significant linkage region in 162 French Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma families with replication in 154 Canadian Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean asthma study families, and (3) association analysis of disease and significant SNPs with DNA methylation (DNAm) at CpG sites in 40 Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean asthma study families. RESULTS We detected a significant paternal linkage of the 4q35 region to asthma and allergic rhinitis comorbidity (AAR; P = 7.2 × 10(-5)). Association analysis in this region showed strong evidence for the effect of the paternally inherited G allele of rs10009104 on AAR (P = 1.1 × 10(-5), reaching the multiple-testing corrected threshold). This paternally inherited allele was also significantly associated with DNAm levels at the cg02303933 site (P = 1.7 × 10(-4)). Differential DNAm at this site was found to mediate the identified SNP-AAR association. CONCLUSION By integrating genetic and epigenetic data, we identified that a differentially methylated CpG site within the melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene mediates the effect of a paternally transmitted genetic variant on the comorbidity of asthma and AR. This study provides a novel insight into the role of epigenetic mechanisms in patients with allergic respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Sarnowski
- INSERM, UMR946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Giovanni Malerba
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Mother and Child, and Biology-Genetics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Hélène Dizier
- INSERM, UMR946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Andréanne Morin
- Université du Québec, à Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada; McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Quentin B Vincent
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Klaus Rohde
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorge Esparza-Gordillo
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Clinic for Pediatric Allergy, Experimental and Clinical Research Centre, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Margaritte-Jeannin
- INSERM, UMR946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Young-Ae Lee
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France; INSERM, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France; CHU de Grenoble, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Pier Franco Pignatti
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Mother and Child, and Biology-Genetics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - William O Cookson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Lathrop
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Florence Demenais
- INSERM, UMR946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bouzigon
- INSERM, UMR946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Gomes AVBT, de Souza Morais SM, Menezes-Filho SL, de Almeida LGN, Rocha RP, Ferreira JMS, Dos Santos LL, Malaquias LCC, Coelho LFL. Demethylation profile of the TNF-α promoter gene is associated with high expression of this cytokine in Dengue virus patients. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1297-302. [PMID: 26792115 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral illness in humans. The overexpression of cytokines by Dengue virus (DENV) infected cells is associated with the most severe forms of the disease. Unmethylated CpG islands are related to a transcriptionally active structure, whereas methylated DNA recruits methyl-binding proteins that inhibit gene expression. Several studies have described the importance of epigenetic events in the regulation and expression of many cytokines. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the methylation status of the IFN-γ and TNF-α promoters in DNA extracted from dengue infected patients using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. A high frequency of demethylation was observed in the TNF-α promoter of DENV infected patients when compared to non-infected controls. The patients with an unmethylated profile showed higher expression of TNF-α mRNA than patients with the methylated status. No difference was found in the methylation frequency between the two analyzed groups regarding the IFN-γ promoter or in the expression of IFN-γ transcripts. The present study provides the first association of TNF-α promoter demethylation in DENV infected individuals and demonstrates a correlation between the methylation status of the region analyzed and the expression of TNF-α transcripts in DENV infected patients. J. Med. Virol. 88:1297-1302, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stella Maria de Souza Morais
- Laboratório de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luiz Menezes-Filho
- Laboratório de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Raissa Prado Rocha
- Laboratório de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Lara Dos Santos
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cosme Cotta Malaquias
- Laboratório de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Leomil Coelho
- Laboratório de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Abstract
Probiotics, given either as a supplement or in infant foods, have been evaluated in randomised controlled trials for allergy prevention. Here, the aim is to give an overview of the results from these primary prevention studies and to discuss current strategies. In most studies, single strains or a mixture of strains of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria have been used--prenatally, postnatally or perinatally. Several meta-analyses have reported a moderate benefit of probiotics for eczema prevention, and the most consistent effect has been observed with a combined perinatal intervention in infants at high risk of allergic disease due to familial predisposition. In a recent meta-analysis, the use of multi-strain probiotics appeared to be most effective for eczema prevention. No preventive effect has been shown for other allergic manifestations. As long-term follow-up data on later onset allergic conditions (asthma and allergic rhinitis) are available only from a few of the initiated studies, reports from ongoing follow-up studies that are adequately powered to examine long-term outcomes are anticipated to provide more insight. Arguably, the differences in many aspects of study design and the use of different probiotic strains and combinations have made direct comparison difficult. To date, expert bodies do not generally recommend probiotics for allergy prevention, although the World Allergy Organization (WAO) in their recently developed guidelines suggests considering using probiotics in pregnant women, during breastfeeding and/or to the infant if at high risk of developing allergic disease (based on heredity). However, in concordance with other expert bodies, the WAO guideline panel stressed the low level of evidence and the need for adequately powered randomised controlled trials and a more standardised approach before clinical recommendations on specific strains, dosages and timing can be given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E West
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit for Pediatrics, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Li S, Xie X, Song Y, Jiang H, Wu X, Su X, Yang L, Li M. Association of TLR4 (896A/G and 1196C/T) Gene Polymorphisms with Asthma Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3591-9. [PMID: 26588249 PMCID: PMC4657762 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conflicting data have been reported on the association between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) +896A/G and +1196C/T polymorphisms and the risk of asthma. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to clarify the effect of TLR4 +896A/G and +1196C/T polymorphisms on the risk of asthma. Material/Methods An electronic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data to find relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the associations. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software version 12.0. Results A total of 14 studies with 2873 asthma cases and 3110 controls were included. The pooled results indicated a significant association between TLR4 +1196C/T polymorphism and the risk of asthma (T vs. C: OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.63–0.99, P=0.04; TT+CT vs. CC: OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.59–0.96, P=0.03; CT vs. CC: OR=0.74, 95%CI=0.58–0.95, P=0.02). In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, TLR4 +1196C/T polymorphism was significantly associated with asthma risk in Asians (T vs. C: OR=0.73, 95%CI=0.54–0.98, P=0.04; TT+CT vs. CC: OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.51–0.96, P=0.03; CT vs. CC: OR=0.69, 95%CI=0.50–0.96, P=0.03), but not in whites. For TLR4 +896A/G polymorphism, no significant association was found between TLR4 +896A/G polymorphism and asthma risk under any genetic models. Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis suggest that T allele of the TLR4 +1196C/T might act as a protective factor against the development of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Haoxiang Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaofan Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Sabounchi S, Bollyky J, Nadeau K. Review of Environmental Impact on the Epigenetic Regulation of Atopic Diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:33. [PMID: 26141578 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been significant increase in the prevalence of atopy over the past decade that cannot be explained by genetic predisposition. Environmental factors including nutrition, the uterine environment, and lifestyle factors are known to play a role in gene expression through epigenetic modifications. In this article, we review the literature on the environmental impact on epigenetic modulation of atopic diseases including asthma, food allergy, eczema, and allergic rhinitis. Recent public release of epigenomic data for hundreds of human tissues provides a powerful resource for further investigation of the molecular basis of atopic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sabounchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR Suite 3215, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Rueter K, Haynes A, Prescott SL. Developing Primary Intervention Strategies to Prevent Allergic Disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:40. [PMID: 26143389 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are a major cause of morbidity in the developed world, now affecting up to 40 % of the population with no evidence that this is abating. If anything, the prevalence of early onset allergic diseases such as eczema and food allergy appears to be still increasing. This is almost certainly due to the changing modern environment and lifestyle factors, acting to promote immune dysfunction through early perturbations in immune maturation, immune tolerance and regulation. This early propensity to inflammation may also have implications for the rising risk of other inflammatory non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in life. Identifying risk factors and pathways for preventing early onset immune disease like allergy is likely to have benefits for many aspects of human health, particularly as many NCDs share similar risk factors. This review focuses on recent advances in primary intervention strategies for promoting early immune health and preventing allergic disease, highlighting the current evidence-based guidelines where applicable and areas requiring further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Rueter
- Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ambrosino N, Casaburi R, Chetta A, Clini E, Donner CF, Dreher M, Goldstein R, Jubran A, Nici L, Owen CA, Rochester C, Tobin MJ, Vagheggini G, Vitacca M, ZuWallack R. 8th international conference on management and rehabilitation of chronic respiratory failure: the long summaries – part 1. Multidiscip Respir Med 2015. [PMCID: PMC4595244 DOI: 10.1186/s40248-015-0026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper summarizes the Part 1 of the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Management and Rehabilitation of Chronic Respiratory Failure, held in Pescara, Italy, on 7 and 8 May, 2015. It summarizes the contributions from numerous experts in the field of chronic respiratory disease and chronic respiratory failure. The outline follows the temporal sequence of presentations. This paper (Part 1) includes sections regarding: Advances in Asthma and COPD Therapy (Novel Therapeutic Targets for Asthma: Proteinases, Blood Biomarker Changes in COPD Patients); The problem of Hospital Re-Admission following Discharge after the COPD Exacerbation (Characteristics of the Hospitalized COPD Patient, Reducing Hospital Readmissions Following COPD Exacerbation).
Collapse
|
73
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our objective was to provide an overview and discussion of recent experimental studies, epidemiologic studies, and clinical trials of diet and asthma. We focus on dietary sources and vitamins with antioxidant properties [vitamins (A, C, and E), folate, and omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6 PUFAs)]. RECENT FINDINGS Current evidence does not support the use of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, or PUFAs for the prevention or treatment of asthma or allergies. Current guidelines for prenatal use of folate to prevent neural tube defects should be followed, as there is no evidence of major effects of this practice on asthma or allergies. Consumption of a balanced diet that is rich in sources of antioxidants (e.g. fruits and vegetables) may be beneficial in the primary prevention of asthma. SUMMARY None of the vitamins or nutrients examined is consistently associated with asthma or allergies. In some cases, further studies of the effects of a vitamin or nutrient on specific asthma phenotypes (e.g. vitamin C to prevent viral-induced exacerbations) are warranted. Clinical trials of 'whole diet' interventions to prevent asthma are advisable on the basis of existing evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ying Han
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Juan C. Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Anderton SM, Fillatreau S. Editorial overview: Immunomodulation: New insights for future treatments. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 23:vii-ix. [PMID: 26143969 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Anderton
- University of Edinburgh, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz Institute, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Chang LM, Song Y, Li XM, Sampson HA, Masilamani M. Dietary Elimination of Soybean Components Enhances Allergic Immune Response to Peanuts in BALB/c Mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 166:304-10. [PMID: 26044955 DOI: 10.1159/000430497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy research is hampered by a lack of animal models that consistently mimic human food allergic responses. Laboratory mice are generally fed grain-based chow made with large amounts of soybeans rich in immunomodulatory isoflavones. We tested the role of dietary soy components in the induction of food allergic responses in the BALB/c mouse strain, which is known to be resistant to anaphylaxis when orally challenged by food allergens. METHODS Mice were fed a soy-free diet for 2 generations. After weaning, mice were maintained on the same diet or fed a diet containing soy isoflavones, i.e. genistein and daidzein, followed by weekly oral sensitizations with crude peanut extract plus cholera toxin and finally challenged at week 7. The anaphylactic symptoms, body temperature, peanut-specific antibodies and mast cell degranulation were assessed. RESULTS Soy-free diet mice showed significantly higher anaphylactic symptom scores and mast cell degranulation after challenge and higher peanut-specific antibody levels than mice fed regular chow. Introduction of a regular soy diet or an isoflavone diet to soy-free diet mice significantly suppressed the allergic reactions compared to the soy-free diet. CONCLUSION Rodent diet is an important variable and needs to be taken into consideration when designing experiments involving animal models. Our results indicate that elimination of soy components from the diet enhances peanut sensitization in BALB/c mice. In addition to serving as a valuable tool to mimic human food allergy, the dietary influence on the immune response could have far-reaching consequences in research involving animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Chang
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, N.Y., USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Kottyan LC, Weirauch MT, Rothenberg ME. Making it big in allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:43-5. [PMID: 25567041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Kottyan
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|