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Li X, Lin Y, Chang M, Jin Q, Wang X. Efficient production of arachidonic acid by Mortierella alpina through integrating fed-batch culture with a two-stage pH control strategy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 181:275-82. [PMID: 25661306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA) yield and productivity of Mortierella alpina mutant D20 were enhanced by integrating a fed-batch culture combined with a two-stage pH control strategy. Following a kinetic analysis of the whole fermentation process, a two-stage pH control strategy was developed in which the pH was maintained at 5.5 for the first 48 h and then shifted to 6.5 till the end of fermentation. Using this strategy, a maximum ARA production of 8.12 g/L was achieved. On the basis of pH control, the effects of fed-batch cultures on ARA productivity were further investigated. A maximum ARA productivity of 1.40 g/L/d was obtained with a two-stage constant-speed glucose feeding strategy, starting with a glucose concentration of 50 g/L. This strategy was simple and economical to operate, and it may be possible to apply this approach for large-scale industrial production of ARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Nakatani M, Ando A, Okuda T, Sakamoto T, Ochiai M, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Gene targeting in the oil-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 and construction of a strain producing a valuable polyunsaturated fatty acid. Curr Genet 2015; 61:579-89. [PMID: 25782448 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To develop an efficient gene-targeting system in Mortierella alpina 1S-4, we identified the ku80 gene encoding the Ku80 protein, which is involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway in genomic double-strand break (DSB) repair, and constructed ku80 gene-disrupted strains via single-crossover homologous recombination. The Δku80 strain from M. alpina 1S-4 showed no negative effects on vegetative growth, formation of spores, and fatty acid productivity, and exhibited high sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate, which causes DSBs. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA)-producing strains were constructed by disruption of the Δ5-desaturase gene, encoding a key enzyme of bioconversion of DGLA to ARA, using the Δku80 strain as a host strain. The significant improvement of gene-targeting efficiency was not observed by disruption of the ku80 gene, but the construction of DGLA-producing strain by disruption of the Δ5-desaturase gene was succeeded using the Δku80 strain as a host strain. This report describes the first study on the identification and disruption of the ku80 gene in zygomycetes and construction of a DGLA-producing transformant using a gene-targeting system in M. alpina 1S-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-josanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Nakatani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Misa Ochiai
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-8503, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe, Kameoka, 621-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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Li X, Liu R, Li J, Chang M, Liu Y, Jin Q, Wang X. Enhanced arachidonic acid production from Mortierella alpina combining atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) and diethyl sulfate treatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 177:134-140. [PMID: 25484124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To obtain mutant strains with higher arachidonic acid (ARA) yields, the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina was mutated using atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) coupled with diethyl sulfate (DES). A visual compound filter operation was used in which a screening medium was supplemented with cerulenin, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS), and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). The mutant strain D20 with an ARA production of 5.09 g/L, a 40.61% increase over the original strain (3.62 g/L), was isolated. The relative ARA content increased from 38.99% to 45.64% of total fatty acids. After optimizing fermentation conditions, the maximum ARA yield (6.82 g/L) for strain D20 was obtained in shake flasks. This work provides an appropriate strategy for obtaining high ARA-yield strains by conventional random mutation methods with an efficient screening assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Nishibaba Y, Okuda T, Ando A, Shima J, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Production of cis-11-eicosenoic acid by Mortierella fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:641-7. [PMID: 25495454 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To find cis-11-eicosenoic acid (20:1ω9, EA)-producing micro-organisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We found EA-producing fungi by screening about 300 fungal strains and identified a major fatty acid accumulated in the Mortierella fungi as EA by means of GC-MS analysis. In particular, Mortierella chlamydospora CBS 529.75 produced a high amount of EA (36.3 mg g(-1) of dried cells) on cultivation at 28°C for 4 days and then at 12°C for 3 days. In the result of lipid analysis, most of the EA was a component of triacylglycerols, not phospholipids. CONCLUSION We found that M. chlamydospora CBS 529.75 was the best producer for the microbial production of EA. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY EA is beneficial as a raw material for medical supplies and a moisturizing component of cosmetic creams. This is the first report of microbial production of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Okuda T, Ando A, Sakuradani E, Kikukawa H, Kamada N, Ochiai M, Shima J, Ogawa J. Selection and characterization of promoters based on genomic approach for the molecular breeding of oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Curr Genet 2014; 60:183-91. [PMID: 24562865 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-014-0423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To express a foreign gene effectively, a good expression system is required. In this study, we investigated various promoters as useful tools for gene manipulation in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. We selected and cloned the promoter regions of 28 genes in M. alpina 1S-4 on the basis of expression sequence tag abundance data. The activity of each promoter was evaluated using the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Eight of these promoters were shown to enhance GUS expression more efficiently than a histone promoter, which is conventionally used for the gene manipulation in M. alpina. Especially, the predicted protein 3 and the predicted protein 6 promoters demonstrated approximately fivefold higher activity than the histone promoter. The activity of some promoters changed along with the cultivation phase of M. alpina 1S-4. Seven promoters with constitutive or time-dependent, high-level expression activity were selected, and deletion analysis was carried out to determine the promoter regions required to retain activity. This is the first report of comprehensive promoter analysis based on a genomic approach for M. alpina. The promoters described here will be useful tools for gene manipulation in this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8052, Japan
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Characterization of galactose-dependent promoters from an oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Curr Genet 2014; 60:175-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-014-0422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Takeno S, Takasaki M, Urabayashi A, Mimura A, Muramatsu T, Mitsuhashi S, Ikeda M. Development of fatty acid-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:6776-83. [PMID: 23995924 PMCID: PMC3811516 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02003-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no information has been made available on the genetic traits that lead to increased carbon flow into the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of Corynebacterium glutamicum. To develop basic technologies for engineering, we employed an approach that begins by isolating a fatty acid-secreting mutant without depending on mutagenic treatment. This was followed by genome analysis to characterize its genetic background. The selection of spontaneous mutants resistant to the palmitic acid ester surfactant Tween 40 resulted in the isolation of a desired mutant that produced oleic acid, suggesting that a single mutation would cause increased carbon flow down the pathway and subsequent excretion of the oversupplied fatty acid into the medium. Two additional rounds of selection of spontaneous cerulenin-resistant mutants led to increased production of the fatty acid in a stepwise manner. Whole-genome sequencing of the resulting best strain identified three specific mutations (fasR20, fasA63(up), and fasA2623). Allele-specific PCR analysis showed that the mutations arose in that order. Reconstitution experiments with these mutations revealed that only fasR20 gave rise to oleic acid production in the wild-type strain. The other two mutations contributed to an increase in oleic acid production. Deletion of fasR from the wild-type strain led to oleic acid production as well. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the fasR20 mutation brought about upregulation of the fasA and fasB genes encoding fatty acid synthases IA and IB, respectively, by 1.31-fold ± 0.11-fold and 1.29-fold ± 0.12-fold, respectively, and of the accD1 gene encoding the β-subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by 3.56-fold ± 0.97-fold. On the other hand, the fasA63(up) mutation upregulated the fasA gene by 2.67-fold ± 0.16-fold. In flask cultivation with 1% glucose, the fasR20 fasA63(up) fasA2623 triple mutant produced approximately 280 mg of fatty acids/liter, which consisted mainly of oleic acid (208 mg/liter) and palmitic acid (47 mg/liter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiki Takeno
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Manami Takasaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akinobu Urabayashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akinori Mimura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Muramatsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mitsuhashi
- Bioprocess Development Center, Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masato Ikeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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