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Analysis of Flavonoids in Rhamnus davurica and Its Antiproliferative Activities. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101275. [PMID: 27669205 PMCID: PMC6273673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhamnus davurica Pall. (R. davurica) has been used as a traditional medicinal herb for many years in China and abroad. It has been well documented as a rich source of flavonoids with diversified structures, which in turn results in far-ranging biological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anticancer, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. In order to further correlate their anticancer potentials with the phytochemical components, the fingerprint profile of R. davurica herb from Dongbei was firstly investigated using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Thirty two peaks were detected and identified, 14 of which were found in R. davurica for the first time in this work. Furthermore, a total of 23 peaks were resolved as flavonoids, which are the major components found in R. davurica. Meanwhile, the antiproliferative activities against human cancer cells of HT-29 and SGC-7901 in vitro exhibited distinct inhibitory effects with IC50 values at 24.96 ± 0.74 and 89.53 ± 4.11 μg/mL, respectively. Finally, the general toxicity against L-O2 cells displayed a much higher IC50 at 229.19 ± 8.52 μg/mL, which suggested very low or no toxicity on hepatic cell viability. The current study revealed for the first time the correlations between the flavonoids of R. davurica with their antiproliferative activities, which indicated that the fingerprint profile of flavonoids and their anticancer activities could provide valuable information on the quality control for herbal medicines and their derived natural remedies from this valuable medicinal plant.
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Electrophoretic Analysis of Natural Antioxidants in Plant and Beverage Samples Using Dynamically Coated Capillaries with Chitosan and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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53
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Torres-Rodríguez ML, García-Chávez E, Berhow M, de Mejia EG. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of Calea urticifolia lyophilized aqueous extract on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:266-274. [PMID: 27139571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calea urticifolia leaves are traditionally used as a remedy to treat gastric ulcers, diabetes, and inflammation by the Xi'uy ancient native community of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim was to assess the effects of the aqueous extract of the Mexican plant C. urticifolia as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and to provide evidence on the phenolic compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with 1µg/mL of LPS and treated with 10, 25 50, 75 y 100µg/mL of Calea urticifolia lyophilized aqueous extract (CuAqE). Nitric oxide (NO) release, tumor necrosis factor alpha, prostaglandin E2 production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, NF-κB p50 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured; other pro-inflammatory proteins were measured with membrane antibody array. Phenolic compounds were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS. RESULTS Inflammation was inhibited by suppressing iNOS/NO pathway through inhibiting nucleus translocation of NF-κB p65 and p50 sub-units. ROS production was significantly (P<0.05) inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, the expression of inflammatory markers was suppressed (34.5-88.3%) by CuAqE. A mix of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoid-glycosides were found in CuAqE. CONCLUSION Phenolic compounds in CuAqE such as caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoid glycosides could be responsible for inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by iNOS/NO pathway through suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway and by inhibition of ROS production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Therefore, these results support the traditional knowledge of C. urticifolia tea such as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lucina Torres-Rodríguez
- Programas Multidisciplinarios de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales (PMPCA) de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, S. L. P., México; Department Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Erika García-Chávez
- Programas Multidisciplinarios de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales (PMPCA) de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, S. L. P., México; Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas (IIZD) de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, S. L. P., México
| | - Mark Berhow
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
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Kranjc E, Albreht A, Vovk I, Makuc D, Plavec J. Non-targeted chromatographic analyses of cuticular wax flavonoids from Physalis alkekengi L. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1437:95-106. [PMID: 26875116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since Chinese lantern (Physalis alkekengi L.) represents a rich source of various bioactive secondary metabolites, there is an urge for its detailed characterization. Non-polar flavonoid aglycones represent one of the few bioactive species found in plant's cuticular waxes. The separation of flavonoids is already extensively covered in the literature, but methods dedicated to separation and identification of methylated flavonoids are rather scarce. In the present study a non-targeted approach for the separation, isolation and identification of methylated flavonoids present in P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii cuticular waxes was established. A rapid and simple separation on HPTLC silica gel was developed for preliminary screening of flavonoids. Fast HPLC-UV-MS(n) and HPLC-UV methods using a C6-Phenyl and a C18 stationary phase were also developed, respectively. In both cases, the right combination of temperature and tetrahydrofuran, as a mobile phase modifier, were shown to be crucial for a baseline separation of all studied compounds. By employing a semi-preparative analog of the C18 column, a simultaneous isolation of pure unknown analytes was achieved. Using these developed methods in combination with NMR, four 3-O-methylated flavonols were detected and identified in P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii cuticular waxes: myricetin 3,7,3'-trimethyl ether, quercetin 3,7-dimethyl ether, myricetin 3,7,3',5'-tetramethyl ether and quercetin 3,7,3'-trimethyl ether. Moreover, the simple and fast isocratic HPLC-UV-MS(n) method (under 8min) should prove useful in quality control of P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii by enabling chromatographic fingerprinting of external methylated flavonols. Finally, a rationale for the mechanism of separation of these metabolites by HPLC is also given, which establishes a foundation for future development of chromatographic methods for methylated flavonols and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kranjc
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alen Albreht
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Vovk
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjan Makuc
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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55
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Xiao Z, Fan B, Niu Y, Wu M, Liu J, Ma S. Characterization of odor-active compounds of various Chrysanthemum essential oils by gas chromatography-olfactometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their correlation with sensory attributes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1009-1010:152-62. [PMID: 26735711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Volatiles of five kinds of Chrysanthemum essential oils with different manufactures were characterized by descriptive sensory analysis, gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and statistics analysis. Six sensory attributes (floral, woody, grassy, fruity, sour and minty) were selected to assess Chrysanthemum essential oils. A total of 38 volatile compounds were detected and quantified using standard substances by GC-O and GC-MS. Terpenes constituted the largest chemical group among the volatiles of the essential oils. Then partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to elucidate the relationship between sensory attributes and aroma compounds. The result showed that α-pinene, β-thujene, α-terpinolen, β-cubebene, caryophyllene, (Z)β-farnesene, (-)-spathulenol, linalool, camphor, camphene, 4-terpineol, Z-citral and 4-isopropyltoluene were typical aroma compounds covaried with characteristic aroma of Chrysanthemum essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobing Xiao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China; Shanghai Research Institute of Fragrance & Flavor Industry, Shanghai 200232, PR China
| | - Binbin Fan
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Yunwei Niu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
| | - Minling Wu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Junhua Liu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
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Chen L, Kotani A, Kusu F, Wang Z, Zhu J, Hakamata H. Quantitative comparison of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids in Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and their sulfur-fumigated products by three-channel liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 63:25-32. [PMID: 25743191 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the determination of seven caffeoylquinic acids [neochlorogenic acid (NcA), cryptochlorogenic acid (CcA), chlorogenic acid (CA), caffeic acid (CfA), isochlorogenic acid A (Ic A), isochlorogenic acid B (Ic B), isochlorogenic acid C (Ic C)] and two flavonoids [luteolin 7-O-glucoside (LtG) and luteolin (Lt)], a three-channel liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LC-3ECD) method was established. Chromatographic peak heights were proportional to each concentration, ranging from 2.5 to 100 ng/mL for NcA, CA, CcA, and CfA, and ranging from 2.5 to 250 ng/mL for LtG, Ic B, Ic A, Ic C, and Lt, respectively. The present LC-3ECD method was applied to the quantitative analysis of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids in four cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and their sulfur-fumigated products. It was found that 60% of LtG and more than 47% of caffeoylquinic acids were lost during the sulfur fumigation processing. Sulfur fumigation showed a destructive effect on the C. morifolium flowers. In addition, principle component analyses (PCA) were performed using the results of the quantitative analysis of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids to compare the "sameness" and "differences" of these analytes in C. morifolium flowers and the sulfur-fumigated products. PCA score plots showed that the four cultivars of C. morifolium flowers were clearly classified into four groups, and that significant differences were also found between the non-fumigated C. morifolium flowers and the sulfur-fumigated products. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the present LC-3ECD method coupled with PCA is applicable to the variation analysis of different C. morifolium flower samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Japan; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, 16 Dongzhimennei Nanxiaojie, Beijing, China
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Han Y, Zhou M, Wang L, Ying X, Peng J, Jiang M, Bai G, Luo G. Comparative evaluation of different cultivars of Flos Chrysanthemi by an anti-inflammatory-based NF-κB reporter gene assay coupled to UPLC-Q/TOF MS with PCA and ANN. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:387-395. [PMID: 26320691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Flos Chrysanthemi (FC), a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, has five major cultivars ("Boju", "Chuju", "Gongju", "Hangbaiju" and "Huaiju") from different sources. However, the active constituents of these cultivars have not been studied or characterized with respect to their bioactivity, which is a serious problem when considering quality and safety. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the differences among the five cultivars of FC, and to establish a method for the standardization and quality control of FC related to its bioactivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the different ingredients in five cultivars of FC were identified by UPLC-Q/TOF and PCA, and the anti-inflammatory ingredients of FC were predicted and screened by artificial neural network (ANN) and an NF-κB luciferase reporter gene assay system. Using this comprehensive method, we successfully screened the anti-inflammatory markers of different cultivars of FC. RESULTS Nineteen marker ingredients were confirmed to contribute strongly to the cluster, and eleven compounds in the five cultivars of FC were found to exert potential anti-inflammatory effects. Among these compounds, the NF-κB inhibitor activity of apigenin-7-O-6″-malonyl-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, quercetin-7-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-rutinoside and apigenin-7-O-glucoside were first reported here. Chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and luteolin were confirmed to be the most important anti-inflammatory marker ingredients useful for the quality control of FC. CONCLUSIONS The proposed efficient and systematic method is helpful for the standardization and quality control of FC. Moreover, this comprehensive strategy may prove to be a powerful technique for the rapid establishment of quality control procedures related to bioactivity for other herbal samples and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengge Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Tianjin 300461, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Chemotaxonomic Metabolite Profiling of 62 Indigenous Plant Species and Its Correlation with Bioactivities. Molecules 2015; 20:19719-34. [PMID: 26540030 PMCID: PMC6332367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxonomic metabolite profiling of 62 indigenous Korean plant species was performed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-linear trap quadrupole-ion trap (LTQ-IT) mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis. In partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the 62 species clustered depending on their phylogenetic family, in particular, Aceraceae, Betulaceae, and Fagaceae were distinguished from Rosaceae, Fabaceae, and Asteraceae. Quinic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, quercetin derivatives, kaempferol, and kaempferol derivatives were identified as family-specific metabolites, and were found in relatively high concentrations in Aceraceae, Betulaceae, and Fagaceae. Fagaceae and Asteraceae were selected based on results of PLS-DA and bioactivities to determine the correlation between metabolic differences among plant families and bioactivities. Quinic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, quercetin derivatives, and kaempferol derivatives were found in higher concentrations in Fagaceae than in Asteraceae, and were positively correlated with antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities. These results suggest that metabolite profiling was a useful tool for finding the different metabolic states of each plant family and understanding the correlation between metabolites and bioactivities in accordance with plant family.
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López-Cobo A, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Švarc-Gajić J, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Determination of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of a Mediterranean plant: The case of Satureja montana subsp. kitaibelii. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Studies on the In Vitro Antiproliferative, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activities Associated with Chrysanthemum coronarium Essential Oil. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:790838. [PMID: 26290675 PMCID: PMC4531194 DOI: 10.1155/2015/790838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The essential oil of the Jordanian Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (garland) was isolated by hydrodistillation from dried flowerheads material. The oil was essayed for its in vitro scavenging activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results demonstrate that the oil exhibits moderate radical scavenging activity relative to the strong antioxidant ascorbic acid. In addition, cholinesterase inhibitory activity of C. coronarium essential oil was evaluated for the first time. Applying Ellman's colorimetric method, interesting cholinesterase inhibitory activity, which is not dose dependent, was evident for the oil. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of the oil against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were evaluated. While it fails to inhibit Gram-negative bacteria growth, the antibacterial effects demonstrated by the oil were more pronounced against the Gram-positive strains. Moreover, the examined oil was assessed for its in vitro antiproliferative properties where it demonstrated variable activities towards different human cancer cell lines, of which the colon cancer was the most sensitive to the oil treatment.
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Wei Z, Qi X, Li T, Luo M, Wang W, Zu Y, Fu Y. Application of natural deep eutectic solvents for extraction and determination of phenolics in Cajanus cajan leaves by ultra performance liquid chromatography. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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62
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Anthocyanin and Carotenoid Contents in Different Cultivars of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) Flower. Molecules 2015; 20:11090-102. [PMID: 26083041 PMCID: PMC6272539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200611090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The flowers of twenty-three cultivars of Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat. were investigated to determine anthocyanin and carotenoid levels and to confirm the effects of the pigments on the flower colors using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The cultivars contained the anthocyanins cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3g) and cyanidin 3-(3ʺ-malonoyl) glucoside (C3mg) and the following carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, 13-cis-β-carotene, α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, and 9-cis-β-carotene. The cultivar “Magic” showed the greatest accumulation of total and individual anthocyanins, including C3g and C3gm. On the other hand, the highest level of lutein and zeaxanthin was noted in the cultivar “Il Weol”. The cultivar “Anastasia” contained the highest amount of carotenoids such as trans-β-carotene, 9-cis-β-carotene, and 13-cis-β-carotene. The highest accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin and α-carotene was noted in the cultivar “Anastasia” and “Il Weol”. Our results suggested that ‘Magic”, “Angel” and “Relance’ had high amounts of anthocyanins and showed a wide range of red and purple colors in their petals, whereas “Il Weol’, “Popcorn Ball’ and “Anastasia” produced higher carotenoid contents and displayed yellow or green petal colors. Interestingly, “Green Pang Pang”, which contained a high level of anthocyanins and a medium level of carotenoids, showed the deep green colored petals. “Kastelli”, had high level of carotenoids as well as a medium level of anthocyanins and showed orange and red colored petals. It was concluded that each pigment is responsible for the petal’s colors and the compositions of the pigments affect their flower colors and that the cultivars could be a good source for pharmaceutical, floriculture, and pigment industries.
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Sathishkumar T, Anitha S, Sharon RE, Santhi V, Sukanya M, Kumaraesan K, Rapheal VS. Evaluation of In Vitro
Invertase Inhibitory Activity of M
anilkara zapota
Seeds - A Novel Strategy to Manage Diabetes Mellitus. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagarajan Sathishkumar
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
| | - Srinivasan Anitha
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
| | - Rajakumar Esther Sharon
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
| | - Velayudham Santhi
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
| | - Mani Sukanya
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
| | - Kuppamuthu Kumaraesan
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
| | - Vinohar Stephen Rapheal
- Department of Biotechnology; Kumaraguru College of Technology; PO Box 2034 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 049 India
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Zhou Y, Wu D, Cai P, Cheng G, Huang C, Pan Y. Special Effect of Ionic Liquids on the Extraction of Flavonoid Glycosides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat by Microwave Assistance. Molecules 2015; 20:7683-99. [PMID: 25927899 PMCID: PMC6272765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20057683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A microwave-assisted extraction approach based on ionic liquids of different chain lengths was successfully applied to the extraction of ten flavonoid glycosides from the flowering heads of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. The pretreated sample was quantified by HPLC-ESI-MSn. The main components were identified as flavonoid glycosides, including three luteolin glycosides, three apigenin glycosides, three kaempferide glycosides, and one acacetin glycoside according to the characteristics of the corresponding CID mass spectrometric patterns. Eight ionic liquids from the imidazolium family with different chain lengths, namely, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [Cnmim]Br, (n = 2–16) were studied as extraction medium in water. Results indicated that alkyl chain length had an irregular impact on the extraction efficiency. Moreover, the best extraction efficiency was achieved by 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide aqueous solution ([C12mim]Br). Besides the alkyl chain length of the cations, other factors influencing extraction efficiency were systematically investigated, including concentration of the IL solutions, extraction time, matrix-to-solvent ratio and irradiation power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Datong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guifang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chaobiao Huang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China.
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Farag NF, Farag MA, Abdelrahman EH, Azzam SM, El-Kashoury ESA. Metabolites profiling ofChrysanthemum pacificumNakai parts using UPLC-PDA-MS coupled to chemometrics. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29:1342-9. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1025396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Antioxidant activity, antitumor effect, and antiaging property of proanthocyanidins extracted from Kunlun Chrysanthemum flowers. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:983484. [PMID: 25628774 PMCID: PMC4299306 DOI: 10.1155/2015/983484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, antitumor effect, and antiaging property of proanthocyanidins from Kunlun Chrysanthemum flowers (PKCF) grown in Xinjiang. In vitro antioxidant experiments results showed that the total antioxidant activity and the scavenging capacity of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radicals increased in a concentration-dependent manner and were stronger than those of vitamin C. To investigate the antioxidant activity of PKCF in vivo, we used serum, liver, and kidney from mouse for the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Results indicated that PKCF had antioxidative effect in vivo which significantly improved the activity of SOD and T-AOC and decreased MDA content. To investigate the antitumor activity of PKCF, we used H22 cells, HeLa cells, and Eca-109 cells with Vero cells as control. Inhibition ratio and IC50 values were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; PKCF showed great inhibitory activity on H22 cells and HeLa cells. We also used fruit flies as a model for analyzing the anti-aging property of PKCF. Results showed that PKCF has antiaging effect on Drosophila. Results of the present study demonstrated that PKCF could be a promising agent that may find applications in health care, medicine, and cosmetics.
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67
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Li Y, Pang T, Shi J, Lu X, Deng J, Lin Q. Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry method based two-step precursor ion scanning for the structural elucidation of flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3067-73. [PMID: 25146381 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant flavonoids are very important secondary metabolites for insect and virus control of their host plant and are potent nutrients for humans. To be able to understand the bioavailability and functions of plant flavonoids, it is necessary to reveal their exact chemical structures. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry is a powerful approach for structural elucidation of metabolites. In this report, a two-step precursor ion scanning based liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the structural elucidation of plant flavonoids. The established method consists of the two-step precursor ions scanning for possible flavonoids extraction, MS(2) fragment spectra acquisition and comparison with an online database, liquid chromatography retention rules correction, and commercial standards verification. The developed method was used for the structure elucidation of flavonoids in flowers and leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and 17 flavonoids were identified in the tobacco variety Yunyan 97. Nine of the 17 identified flavonoids were considered to be found in tobacco flowers or/and leaves for the first time based on the available references. This method was proved to be very effective and can be used for the identification of flavonoids in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Yuxi, P.R. China
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68
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Wei Z, Pan Y, Li L, Huang Y, Qi X, Luo M, Zu Y, Fu Y. Simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds inEquisetum palustreL. by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry combined with matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3045-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuofu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R.China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R. China
| | - Youzhi Pan
- Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd; Lianyungang P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R.China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R. China
| | - Yuyang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R.China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R.China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R. China
| | - Meng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R.China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R. China
| | - Yuangang Zu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R.China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R. China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R.China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation; Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin P.R. China
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Sagi S, Avula B, Wang YH, Zhao J, Khan IA. Quantitative determination of seven chemical constituents and chemo-type differentiation of chamomiles using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2797-804. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayanaraju Sagi
- National Center for Natural Products Research; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Mississippi; MS USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Mississippi; MS USA
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Mississippi; MS USA
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Mississippi; MS USA
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Mississippi; MS USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy; The University of Mississippi; MS USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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70
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Flavonoid accumulation during florescence in three Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. ‘Hangju’ genotypes. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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71
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Sathishkumar T, Baskar R. Renoprotective effect of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. leaves against paracetamol-induced renotoxicity in rats and detection of polyphenols by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–mass spectrometry analysis. J Acute Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacme.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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72
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Xu F, Guan H, Feng Y, Yan B. Determination of tamarixetin and kaempferide in rat plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481406015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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73
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A Correlation between Antioxidant Activity and Metabolite Release during the Blanching ofChrysanthemum coronariumL. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:674-80. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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74
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Dufay S, Worsley A, Monteillier A, Avanzi C, Sy J, Ng TF, Garcia JM, Lam MF, Vanhoutte P, Wong ICK. Herbal tea extracts inhibit Cytochrome P450 3A4 in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1478-90. [PMID: 24824478 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ciclosporin and sirolimus, two immunosuppressive agents with narrow therapeutic windows, are mainly metabolized by Cytochrome 3A4 (CYP3A4). A clinical case of toxic blood levels of these drugs after the consumption of a '24-flavours' tea was reported. This study aims to identify the causative ingredients of the 24-flavour herbal tea in the inhibition of CYP3A4 metabolism. METHODS Two commercially available 24-flavour tea products purchased in Hong Kong and the six plant constituents were tested for their CYP3A4 inhibitory effects utilizing an in-vitro fluorometric assay. KEY FINDINGS Of the commercially available teas available in Hong Kong, the most potent inhibitory effect was observed with the tea consumed in the initial clinical case. Of the six universal constituents, chrysanthemum exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect, with an IC50 of 95.7 μg/ml. Dandelion, liquorice and bishop's weed have IC50 of 140.6, 148.4 and 185.5 μg/ml, respectively. Field mint and Japanese honeysuckle have weaker inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 with IC50 of 1153.3 and 1466.3 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the possible implication of herbal tea constituents in the inhibition of ciclosporin and sirolimus' CYP3A4 metabolism. Combined usage of herbal teas with drug should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dufay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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75
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Comparative Evaluation of Chrysanthemum Flos from Different Origins by HPLC-DAD-MS n and Relative Response Factors. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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76
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Wang S, Hao LJ, Zhu JJ, Zhang QW, Wang ZM, Zhang X, Song XM. Study on the effects of sulfur fumigation on chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Hang-ju. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:773-9. [PMID: 24262064 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The traditional after-harvesting drying method of C. morifolium cv. Hang-ju (HJ) is sun drying, but recently sulfur fumigation is increasingly used as a cheap and convenient method. However, the effects of sulfur fumigation on chemical constituents and potential activities of HJ were unknown. A comprehensively comparison of the chemical profiles between non-fumigated HJ (NHJ) and sulfur-fumigated HJ (SHJ) was conducted by HPLC fingerprints analysis and the discrepant peaks were identified or tentatively assigned by HPLC-ESI/MS(n). Dramatic chemical changes were found that the contents of 4 flavonoid aglycones remarkably increased while those of 7 glycosides significantly reduced which suggested that sulfur-fumigation induced flavonoid glycosides transformed into aglycons by hydrolysis reaction. A significant loss of hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids showed the sulfur fumigation was a destructive effect on HJ. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to rapidly discriminate NHJ and SHJ samples. By ICP-OES analysis, it was found that the residue of sulfur of SHJ were three times higher than NHJ (p<0.05). The antioxidant activity of NHJ and SHJ were evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assay, and the results showed that NHJ had much stronger antioxidant activities than SCF (p<0.05). Combining the results of chemical analysis, residue of sulfur and pharmacological evaluation, it showed that the sulfur fumigation was a destructive effect on HJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 Nanxiao Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, PR China; Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Road, Xixian District, Xi'an 712046, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Hao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 Nanxiao Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 Nanxiao Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, 16 Nanxiao Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Qi-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 Nanxiao Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, 16 Nanxiao Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 Nanxiao Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, 16 Nanxiao Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- China Green food Development Center, 59 College Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiao-mei Song
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Road, Xixian District, Xi'an 712046, PR China
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77
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Cho DW, Kim DE, Lee DH, Jung KH, Hurh BS, Kwon OW, Kim SY. Metabolite profiling of enzymatically hydrolyzed and fermented forms of Opuntia ficus-indica and their effect on UVB-induced skin photoaging. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:1159-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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78
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Quantitative determination of phenolic compounds by UHPLC-UV–MS and use of partial least-square discriminant analysis to differentiate chemo-types of Chamomile/Chrysanthemum flower heads. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 88:278-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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79
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He H, Ke H, Keting H, Qiaoyan X, Silan D. Flower colour modification of chrysanthemum by suppression of F3'H and overexpression of the exogenous Senecio cruentus F3'5'H gene. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74395. [PMID: 24250783 PMCID: PMC3826725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) is one of the most important ornamental plants in the world. They are typically used as cut flowers or potted plants. Chrysanthemum can exhibit red, purple, pink, yellow and white flowers, but lack bright red and blue flowers. In this study, we identified two chrysanthemum cultivars, C × morifolium 'LPi' and C × morifolium 'LPu', that only accumulate flavonoids in their ligulate flowers. Next, we isolated seven anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, namely CmCHS, CmF3H, CmF3'H, CmDFR, CmANS, CmCHI and Cm3GT in these cultivars. RT-PCR and qRT-PCR analyses showed that CmF3'H was the most important enzyme required for cyanidin biosynthsis. To rebuild the delphinidin pathway, we downregulated CmF3'H using RNAi and overexpressed the Senecio cruentus F3'5'H (PCFH) gene in chrysanthemum. The resultant chrysanthemum demonstrated a significantly increased content of cyanidin and brighter red flower petals but did not accumulate delphinidin. These results indicated that CmF3'H in chrysanthemum is important for anthocyanin accumulation, and Senecio cruentus F3'5'H only exhibited F3'H activity in chrysanthemum but did not rebuild the delphinidin pathway to form blue flower chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang He
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Ke
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Keting
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Qiaoyan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dai Silan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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80
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Zhao J, Deng J, Chen Y, Li S. Advanced phytochemical analysis of herbal tea in China. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:2-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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81
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Alexandru L, Pizzale L, Conte L, Barge A, Cravotto G. Microwave-assisted extraction of edible Cicerbita alpina shoots and its LC-MS phenolic profile. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2676-2682. [PMID: 23526184 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crude extracts obtained from the edible shoots of Cicerbita alpina using microwave-assisted extraction have been qualitatively profiled by liquid chromatography coupled with an ion trap mass spectrometry detector and an electrospray ionization interface (LC/ESI-MS(3) ) for their phenolic content. The main challenge of the present investigation was to create a working strategy designed to obtain a rich phenolic profile despite the limited amount of starting plant material and phytochemical data available. RESULTS The best extraction conditions (temperature 90 °C; time 5 min; solvent methanol:water 50:50; sample weight 3 g) were achieved using a full factorial 2(4) experimental design. Fifteen compounds, including flavonoid conjugates and phenolic acid derivatives, were detected and tentatively identified. The total phenolic content varied from 93.58 mg g(-1) gallic acid equivalents (GAE), for the cultivated plant to 10.54 mg g(-1) GAE for the wild one, whereas the total flavonoid content varied from 145.00 mg g(-1) rutin for the cultivated plant to 25.22 mg g(-1) rutin for the wild one. CONCLUSION A total of 11 compounds are herein reported, for the first time, as coming from this plant source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Alexandru
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università di Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
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82
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Wilczewska K, Kot-Wasik A, Namieśnik J. LC-MS and LC-NMR as Complementary Techniques for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals in Dosage Formulations. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.810459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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83
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Liu F, Ong ES, Li SFY. A green and effective approach for characterisation and quality control of chrysanthemum by pressurized hot water extraction in combination with HPLC with UV absorbance detection. Food Chem 2013; 141:1807-13. [PMID: 23870894 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum is a ubiquitous plant with many species and wide uses, and it is usually consumed as functional food. The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate that chromatographic fingerprints obtained from the HPLC/UV analysis of the pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) extracts together with the aid of principal component analysis (PCA), allowed for the clustering of various chrysanthemums of different species and provenance. In addition, a parallel study of pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) with methanol was carried out for comparison. From the results, a clearer separation and clustering was obtained with the environmentally-benign water extracts compared with methanol extracts. This study shows that PHWE in combination with HPLC/UV and PCA can be used successfully as a green and effective approach for characterisation and quality control of ubiquitous functional food such as chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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84
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He Y, Du Z, Lv H, Jia Q, Tang Z, Zheng X, Zhang K, Zhao F. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. extract and their application in clinical ultrasound gel. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1809-15. [PMID: 23687447 PMCID: PMC3653761 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s43289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eco-friendly green synthesis with plant extracts plays a very important role in nanotechnology, without any harmful chemicals. In this report, the synthesis of water-soluble silver nanoparticles was developed by treating silver ions with Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. extract at room temperature. The effect of the extract on the formation of silver nanoparticles was characterized by ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy results show a strong resonance centered on the surface of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) at 430 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectral study demonstrates Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. extract acted as the reducing and stabilizing agent during the synthesis. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the synthesized AgNP are single crystallines, corresponding with the result of transmission electron microscopy. Water-soluble AgNP, with an approximate size of 20 nm–50 nm were also observed in the transmission electron microscopy image. The bactericidal properties of the synthesized AgNP were investigated using the agar-dilution method and the growth-inhibition test. The results show the AgNP had potent bactericidal activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as a strong antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria, as compared to gram-positive bacteria with a dose-dependent effect, thus providing a clinical ultrasound gel with bactericidal property for prevention of cross infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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85
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Liang X, Wu H, Su W. A Rapid UPLC-PAD Fingerprint Analysis of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat Combined with Chemometrics Methods. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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86
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Akyuz E, Şahin H, Islamoglu F, Kolayli S, Sandra P. Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds in Tilia rubra Subsp. caucasica by HPLC-UV and HPLC-UV-MS/MS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.631252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Akyuz
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Art, Rize University , Rize , Turkey
| | - Huseyin Şahin
- b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Fatih Islamoglu
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Art, Rize University , Rize , Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kolayli
- b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Pat Sandra
- c Department of Organic Chemistry , Ghent University , Gent , Belgium
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87
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Wang T, Zhu Z, Guo Q, Mao P. Variation in major flavonoids glycosides and caffeoylquinic acids during florescence of three Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. ‘Hangju’ genotypes. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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88
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Establishment of a stable Amaranthus tricolor callus line for production of food colorant. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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89
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Quadri SS, Stratford RE, Boué SM, Cole RB. Screening and identification of glyceollins and their metabolites by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with precursor ion scanning. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1727-33. [PMID: 23294002 PMCID: PMC3593975 DOI: 10.1021/ac3030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed for screening glyceollins and their metabolites based on precursor ion scanning. Under higher-energy collision conditions with the employment of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the negative ion mode, deprotonated glyceollin precursors yield a diagnostic radical product ion at m/z 148. We propose this resonance-stabilized radical anion, formed in violation of the even-electron rule, to be diagnostic of glyceollins and glyceollin metabolites. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) established that scanning for precursors of m/z 148 can identify glyceollins and their metabolites from plasma samples originating from rats dosed with glyceollins. Precursor peaks of interest were found at m/z 337, 353, 355, 417, and 433. The peak at m/z 337 corresponds to deprotonated glyceollins, whereas the others represent metabolites of glyceollins. Accurate mass measurement confirmed m/z 417 to be a sulfated metabolite of glyceollins. The peak at m/z 433 is also sulfated, but it contains an additional oxygen, as confirmed by accurate mass measurement. The latter metabolite differs from the former likely by the replacement of a hydrogen with a hydroxyl moiety. The peaks at m/z 353 and 355 are proposed to correspond to hydroxylated metabolites of glyceollins, wherein the latter additionally undergoes a double bond reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda S Quadri
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
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90
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Sathishkumar T, Baskar R, Aravind M, Tilak S, Deepthi S, Bharathikumar VM. Simultaneous Extraction Optimization and Analysis of Flavonoids from the Flowers of Tabernaemontana heyneana by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Diode Array Detector and Electron Spray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry. ISRN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 2013:450948. [PMID: 25969771 PMCID: PMC4417552 DOI: 10.5402/2013/450948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are exploited as antioxidants, antimicrobial, antithrombogenic, antiviral, and antihypercholesterolemic agents. Normally, conventional extraction techniques like soxhlet or shake flask methods provide low yield of flavonoids with structural loss, and thereby, these techniques may be considered as inefficient. In this regard, an attempt was made to optimize the flavonoid extraction using orthogonal design of experiment and subsequent structural elucidation by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electron spray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) techniques. The shake flask method of flavonoid extraction was observed to provide a yield of 1.2 ± 0.13 (mg/g tissue). With the two different solvents, namely, ethanol and ethyl acetate, tried for the extraction optimization of flavonoid, ethanol (80.1 mg/g tissue) has been proved better than ethyl acetate (20.5 mg/g tissue). The optimal conditions of the extraction of flavonoid were found to be 85°C, 3 hours with a material ratio of 1 : 20, 75% ethanol, and 1 cycle of extraction. About seven different phenolics like robinin, quercetin, rutin, sinapoyl-hexoside, dicaffeic acid, and two unknown compounds were identified for the first time in the flowers of T. heyneana. The study has also concluded that L16 orthogonal design of experiment is an effective method for the extraction of flavonoid than the shake flask method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramakrishnan Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641049, India
| | - Mohan Aravind
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641049, India
| | - Suryanarayanan Tilak
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641049, India
| | - Sri Deepthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641049, India
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91
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Xie YY, Qu JL, Wang QL, Wang Y, Yoshikawa M, Yuan D. Comparative evaluation of cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis and antiallergic assay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:12574-83. [PMID: 23214422 DOI: 10.1021/jf304080v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A multicomponent quantification fingerprint based on HPLC coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) technique has been established for the analysis of phenolic compounds in 12 samples originated from 5 different cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers in China. Four caffeoylquinic acids and 15 flavonoids in the capitulum were identified by comparing the retention times and ultraviolet spectra as well as the mass spectrum and/or matching the empirical molecular formula with that of reference compounds, and the contents of these compounds have been determined simultaneously. The samples from three medicinal cultivars significantly differed in the quality and quantity of flavonoid aglycones and glycosides compared with those from two edible cultivars, which allows the possibility of showing the chemical distinctness of these cultivars and may be useful in their standardization. Moreover, the antiallergic effects of these cultivars were comparatively assayed for the first time. A representative medicinal cultivar, 'huaiju', showed potential activity on the inhibition of antigen-induced degranulation from RBL-2H3 cells and compound 48/80-induced scratching in mice, whereas the in vitro and in vivo antiallergic activities of two edible cultivars were weak. The results suggested that the quality and quantity of some active flavonoid aglycones should be responsible for the pharmacological profiles of these cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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92
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Cao G, Cai H, Cong X, Liu X, Ma X, Lou Y, Qin K, Cai B. Global detection and analysis of volatile components from sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated herbal medicine by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Analyst 2012; 137:3828-35. [PMID: 22737683 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35543d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sulfur-fumigation process can induce changes in the contents of volatile compounds and the chemical transformation of herbal medicines. Although literature has reported many methods for analyzing volatile target compounds from herbal medicine, all of them are largely limited to target compounds and sun-dried samples. This study provides a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF/MS) method based on a chemical profiling approach to identify non-target and target volatile compounds from sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated herbal medicine. Using Chrysanthemum morifolium as a model herbal medicine, the combined power of this approach is illustrated by the identification of 209 and 111 volatile compounds with match quality >80% from sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Chrysanthemum morifolium, respectively. The study has also shown that sulfur-fumigated samples showed a significant loss of the main active compounds and a more destructive fingerprint profile compared to the sun-dried ones. 50 volatile compounds were lost in the sulfur-fumigated Chrysanthemum morifolium sample. The approach and methodology reported in this paper would be useful for identifying complicated target and non-target components from various complex mixtures such as herbal medicine and its preparations, biological and environmental samples. Furthermore, it can be applied for the intrinsic quality control of herbal medicine and its preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cao
- Research Center of TCM Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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93
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Fragopoulou E, Detopoulou P, Nomikos T, Pliakis E, Panagiotakos DB, Antonopoulou S. Mediterranean wild plants reduce postprandial platelet aggregation in patients with metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2012; 61:325-34. [PMID: 21944262 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial platelet hyperactivity and aggregation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of boiled wild plants consumption on the postprandial platelet aggregation in metabolic syndrome patients. Patients consumed 5 meals in a random order (ie, 4 wild plant meals, namely, Reichardia picroides [RP], Cynara cardunculus, Urospermum picroides [UP], and Chrysanthemum coronarium, and a control meal, which contained no wild plants). Several biochemical indices as well as platelet activating factor (PAF)- and adenosine diphosphate-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation were measured postprandially. Moreover, the ability of plants extract to inhibit rabbit platelet aggregation was tested in vitro. The consumption of RP and UP meals significantly reduced ex vivo adenosine diphosphate-induced postprandial platelet aggregation compared with the control meal. The consumption of UP meals significantly reduced the ex vivo PAF-induced platelet aggregation postprandially. Both UP and RP extracts significantly inhibited PAF-induced rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro. Wild plants consumption reduced postprandial platelet hyperaggregability of metabolic syndrome patients, which may account for their healthy effects.
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94
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Wei A, Zhou D, Ruan J, Cai Y, Xiong C, Wu G. Anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of Macrothelypteris viridifrons and its constituents by HPLC-DAD/MS analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:373-380. [PMID: 22123201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Macrothelypteris viridifrons is widely distributed in south of China and has been used as folk medicine to treat cancer, hydropsy, and traumatic bleeding. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the chemical constituents and the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of Macrothelypteris viridifrons. MATERIALS AND METHODS An HPLC-DAD/MS technique was used to determine the flavonoid profile of Macrothelypteris viridifrons. The anti-tumor effect of Macrothelypteris viridifrons was evaluated by in vivo mice bearing H22 hepatoma cells transplantation tumor model. And the anti-angiogenic activity was investigated by measuring the effects on the in vitro proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, the in vivo zebrafish model was applied to evaluate the anti-angiogenic effect of Macrothelypteris viridifrons. RESULTS 18 flavonoids were identified from Macrothelypteris viridifrons. Administration of Macrothelypteris viridifrons significantly inhibited the tumor growth and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34. Meanwhile, Macrothelypteris viridifrons showed significant inhibition on proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs in vitro and the intersegmental vessels formation in zebrafish model. CONCLUSIONS Macrothelypteris viridifrons showed significant anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects and might be developed as a novel anti-tumor drug.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/chemistry
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/isolation & purification
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ferns/chemistry
- Flavonoids/analysis
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mass Spectrometry
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Plants, Medicinal
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
- Zebrafish/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation of Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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95
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Deng J, Fan C, Yang Y. Identification and determination of the major constituents in Deng's herbal tea granules by rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:928-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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96
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Liu W, Kong Y, Zu Y, Fu Y, Luo M, Zhang L, Li J. Determination and quantification of active phenolic compounds in pigeon pea leaves and its medicinal product using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1217:4723-31. [PMID: 20965080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel method using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) has been optimized and established for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of ten active phenolic compounds originating from the pigeon pea leaves and a medicinal product thereof (Tongluo Shenggu capsules). In the present study, the chromatographic separation was achieved by means of a HiQ Sil C18V reversed-phase column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution. Low-energy collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID-MS/MS) using the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) analysis was employed for the detection of ten analytes which included six flavonoids, two isoflavonoids and two stilbenes. All calibration curves showed excellent coefficients of determination (r(2) ≥ 0.9937) within the range of tested concentrations. The intra- and inter-day variations were below 5.36% in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD). The recoveries were 95.08-104.98% with RSDs of 2.06-4.26% for spiked samples of pigeon pea leaves. The method developed was a rapid, efficient and accurate LC-MS/MS method for the detection of phenolic compounds, which can be applied for quality control of pigeon pea leaves and related medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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97
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Shi SY, Zhang YP, Zhou HH, Huang KL, Jiang XY. Screening and identification of radical scavengers from Neo-Taraxacum siphonanthum by online rapid screening method and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2011; 31:233-49. [PMID: 20623409 DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2010.488616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An online rapid screening method, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD)-radical scavenging detection (RSD)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectroscopy (MS)/MS system, was developed for the screening and identification of radical scavengers from Neo-Taraxacum siphonanthum, a new species found in China in 1989. For further characterization, the target compounds were isolated by silica column chromatography, preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), HSCCC, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and elucidated on the basis of ultraviolet (UV), ESI-MS/MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, as well as the chemical analysis. Eighteen antioxidative polyphenols (5 caffeic acid derivatives and 13 flavonoid derivatives) were characterized from Neo-T. siphonanthum. The distribution of all compounds was discussed in a chemosystematic context, which suggested that the genera Neo-Taraxacum and Taraxacum might relate chemosystematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yun Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
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98
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Ethanol Extract of the Flower Chrysanthemum morifolium Augments Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep Behaviors: Involvement of Cl Channel Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:109164. [PMID: 21331373 PMCID: PMC3038564 DOI: 10.1155/2011/109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Dried Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers have traditionally been used in Korea for the treatment
of insomnia. This study was performed to investigate whether the ethanol extract of Chrysanthemum
morifolium flowers (EFC) enhances pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors. EFC prolonged sleep time
induced by pentobarbital similar to muscimol, a GABAA receptors agonist. EFC also increased sleep
rate and sleep time when administrated with pentobarbital at a subhypnotic dosage. Both EFC and
pentobarbital increased chloride (Cl−) influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. EFC
increased glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) expression levels, but had no effect on the expression
of α1-, β2-, and γ2-subunits of the GABAA receptor in the hippocampus of a mouse brain. This is in
contrast to treatment with pentobarbital, which showed decreased α1-subunit expression and no
change in GAD expression. In conclusion, EFC augments pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors;
these effects may result from Cl− channel activation.
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99
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Steinmann D, Ganzera M. Recent advances on HPLC/MS in medicinal plant analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 55:744-57. [PMID: 21131153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With gaining popularity of herbal remedies worldwide, the need of assuring safety and efficacy of these products increases as well. By nature they are complex matrices, comprising a multitude of compounds, which are prone to variation due to environmental factors and manufacturing conditions. Furthermore, many traditional preparations compose of multiple herbs, so that only highly selective, sensitive and versatile analytical techniques will be suitable for quality control purposes. By hyphenating high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) these high demands are fulfilled, providing the user with a multitude of technical options and applications. This review intends to reflect the impact of LC-MS for medicinal plant analysis focusing on most relevant reports published within the last five years. Commenced by introductory remarks to the different MS approaches most commonly used (e.g. ion trap and time of flight mass analyzers, fragmentation and ionization modes), respective LC-MS applications on the analysis of natural products in medicinal plants, commercial products and biological samples are presented. Methodological aspects like stationary and mobile phase selection or MS settings are discussed, and advantages or limitations of the described techniques are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Steinmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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100
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Ajila CM, Brar SK, Verma M, Tyagi RD, Godbout S, Valéro JR. Extraction and analysis of polyphenols: recent trends. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010; 31:227-49. [PMID: 21073258 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2010.513677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in diets rich in fruits and vegetables and this is mostly due to their presumed role in the prevention of various degenerative diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This is mainly due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, among others. Polyphenols are one of the main classes of secondary metabolites derived from plants offering several health benefits resulting in their use as functional foods. Prior to the use of these polyphenols in specific applications, such as food, pharmaceutical, and the cosmetic industries, they need to be extracted from the natural matrices, then analyzed and characterized. The development of an efficient procedure for the extraction, proper analysis, and characterization of phenolic compounds from different sources is a challenging task due to the structural diversity of phenolic compounds, a complex matrix, and their interaction with other cellular components. In this light, this review discusses different methods of extraction, analysis, and the structural characterization of polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ajila
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, Canada
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