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Lan Y, Wang J, Li H, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhao B, Wu Q. Effect of menthone and related compounds on skin permeation of drugs with different lipophilicity and molecular organization of stratum corneum lipids. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:389-98. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1011660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lan Y, Li H, Chen YY, Zhang YW, Liu N, Zhang Q, Wu Q. Essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. and its main components used as transdermal penetration enhancers: a comparative study. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 15:940-52. [PMID: 25367787 PMCID: PMC4228507 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies had confirmed that the essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (Z. bungeanum oil) could effectively enhance the percutaneous permeation of drug molecules as a natural transdermal penetration enhancer. The aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the skin penetration enhancement effect of Z. bungeanum oil and its main components on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) active components. Toxicities of Z. bungeanum oil and three selected terpene compounds (terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole, and limonene) in epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) and dermal fibroblast (CCC-ESF-1) cell lines were measured using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Five model drugs in TCM external preparations, namely osthole (OT), tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), ferulic acid (FA), puerarin (PR), and geniposide (GP), which were selected based on their lipophilicity denoted by logKo/w, were tested using in vitro permeation studies in which vertical Franz diffusion cells and rat abdominal skin were employed. The secondary structure changes of skin stratum corneum (SC) and drug thermodynamic activities were investigated to understand their mechanisms of action using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and saturation solubility studies, respectively. It was found that Z. bungeanum oil showed lower toxicities in both HaCaT cells and CCC-ESF-1 cells compared with three terpene compounds used alone. The enhancement permeation capacities by all tested agents were in the following increasing order: terpinen-4-ol≈1,8-cineole
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Percutaneous penetration enhancement effect of essential oil of mint (Mentha haplocalyx Briq.) on Chinese herbal components with different lipophilicity. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Vashisth I, Ahad A, Aqil M, Agarwal SP. Investigating the potential of essential oils as penetration enhancer for transdermal losartan delivery: Effectiveness and mechanism of action. Asian J Pharm Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Zhou W, He S, Yang Y, Jian D, Chen X, Ding J. Formulation, characterization and clinical evaluation of propranolol hydrochloride gel for transdermal treatment of superficial infantile hemangioma. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1109-19. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.931968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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56
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Design of transparent film-forming hydrogels of tolterodine and their effects on stratum corneum. Int J Pharm 2014; 471:322-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Subongkot T, Pamornpathomkul B, Rojanarata T, Opanasopit P, Ngawhirunpat T. Investigation of the mechanism of enhanced skin penetration by ultradeformable liposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3539-50. [PMID: 25114524 PMCID: PMC4122424 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s65287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the mechanism by which ultradeformable liposomes (ULs) with terpenes enhance skin penetration for transdermal drug delivery of fluorescein sodium, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Skin treated with ULs containing d-limonene, obtained from in vitro skin penetration studies, was examined via TEM to investigate the effect of ULs on ultrastructural changes of the skin, and to evaluate the mechanism by which ULs enhance skin penetration. The receiver medium collected was analyzed by TEM and CLSM to evaluate the mechanism of the drug carrier system. Our findings revealed that ULs could enhance penetration by denaturing intracellular keratin, degrading corneodesmosomes, and disrupting the intercellular lipid arrangement in the stratum corneum. As inferred from the presence of intact vesicles in the receiver medium, ULs are also able to act as a drug carrier system. CLSM images showed that intact vesicles of ULs might penetrate the skin via a transappendageal pathway, potentially a major route of skin penetration.
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Ahad A, Aqil M, Kohli K, Sultana Y, Mujeeb M. Design, formulation and optimization of valsartan transdermal gel containing iso-eucalyptol as novel permeation enhancer: preclinical assessment of pharmacokinetics in Wistar albino rats. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1149-62. [PMID: 24830648 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.914027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop and optimize a transdermal gel formulation of valsartan using Box-Behnken design and to evaluate it for pharmacokinetic study. METHODS The independent variables were Carbopol 940 (X1), PEG 400 (X2) and ethanol (X3) while valsartan flux (Y1), Tlag (Y2) and gel viscosity (Y3) were the dependent variables. Iso-eucalyptol was added in all gel formulations as permeation enhancer except for control gel. RESULTS It was observed that the permeation rate of valsartan significantly increased in direct proportion to the ethanol concentration, but significantly decreased in direct proportion to polymer concentration. Lag time and viscosity decreased in reverse proportion to ethanol concentration. The optimized valsartan gel formulation (VGF-OPT) yielded flux of 143.27 ± 7.11 µg/cm(2)/h and 27.55 ± 2.51 µg/cm(2)/h across rat and human cadaver skin, respectively. In vivo pharmacokinetic study of VGF-OPT-transdermal therapeutic system containing iso-eucalyptol showed a significant increase in the bioavailability (2.52 times) compared with oral formulation of valsartan by virtue of better permeation through Wistar rat skin. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the developed transdermal gel accentuates the flux of valsartan and could be used as an antihypertensive dosage form for effective transdermal delivery of valsartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
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Moghaddam AA, Aqil M, Ahmad FJ, Ali MM, Sultana Y, Ali A. Nanoethosomes mediated transdermal delivery of vinpocetine for management of Alzheimer’s disease. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:1018-1026. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.846433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mehanna MM, Motawaa AM, Samaha MW. Nanovesicular carrier-mediated transdermal delivery of tadalafil: i- formulation and physicsochemical characterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:714-21. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ahad A, Aqil M, Ali A. Investigation of antihypertensive activity of carbopol valsartan transdermal gel containing 1,8-cineole. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 64:144-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ahmad N, Amin S, Neupane YR, Kohli K. Anal fissure nanocarrier of lercanidipine for enhanced transdermal delivery: formulation optimization,ex vivoandin vivoassessment. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:467-78. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.876004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Charoenputtakun P, Pamornpathomkul B, Opanasopit P, Rojanarata T, Ngawhirunpat T. Terpene Composited Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Dermal Delivery of All- trans-Retinoic Acids. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 37:1139-48. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mbah CJ, Nnadi CO. Transdermal Delivery of Gabapentin: Effect of Cosolvent and Microemulsion on Permeation through the Rat Skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2014.55057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kamatou GPP, Vermaak I, Viljoen AM, Lawrence BM. Menthol: a simple monoterpene with remarkable biological properties. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 96:15-25. [PMID: 24054028 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Menthol is a cyclic monoterpene alcohol which possesses well-known cooling characteristics and a residual minty smell of the oil remnants from which it was obtained. Because of these attributes it is one of the most important flavouring additives besides vanilla and citrus. Due to this reason it is used in a variety of consumer products ranging from confections such as chocolate and chewing gum to oral-care products such as toothpaste as well as in over-the-counter medicinal products for its cooling and biological effects. Its cooling effects are not exclusive to medicinal use. Approximately one quarter of the cigarettes on the market contain menthol and small amounts of menthol are even included in non-mentholated cigarettes. Natural menthol is isolated exclusively from Mentha canadensis, but can also be synthesised on industrial scale through various processes. Although menthol exists in eight stereoisomeric forms, (-)-menthol from the natural source and synthesised menthol with the same structure is the most preferred isomer. The demand for menthol is high and it was previously estimated that the worldwide use of menthol was 30-32,000 metric tonnes per annum. Menthol is not a predominant compound of the essential oils as it can only be found as a constituent of a limited number of aromatic plants. These plants are known to exhibit biological activity in vitro and in vivo such as antibacterial, antifungal, antipruritic, anticancer and analgesic effects, and are also an effective fumigant. In addition, menthol is one of the most effective terpenes used to enhance the dermal penetration of pharmaceuticals. This review summarises the chemical and biological properties of menthol and highlights its cooling effects and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy P P Kamatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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67
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Proliposomes of lisinopril dihydrate for transdermal delivery: Formulation aspects and evaluation. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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68
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Can AS, Erdal MS, Güngör S, Özsoy Y. Optimization and characterization of chitosan films for transdermal delivery of ondansetron. Molecules 2013; 18:5455-71. [PMID: 23666010 PMCID: PMC6270495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop novel transdermal films of ondansetron HCl with high molecular weight chitosan as matrix polymer and 2-(2-ethoxy-ethoxy) ethanol (Transcutol®) as plasticizer. In this context, firstly the physicochemical properties of gels used to formulate transdermal films were characterized and, physicochemical properties and bioadhesiveness of the transdermal films prepared with chitosan gels were assessed. The impact of three different types of terpenes, namely limonene, nerolidol and eucalyptol on in vitro skin permeation of ondansetron from transdermal films were also examined. ATR-FTIR measurements were performed to investigate the effects of the chitosan film formulations on in vitro conformational order of stratum corneum intercellular lipids after 24 h permeation study. The results showed that the chitosan gels consisting of Transcutol® as plasticizer and terpenes as penetration enhancer may be used to prepare transdermal films of ondansetron due to the good mechanical properties and bioadhesiveness of the transdermal films. Eucalyptol (1%) showed higher permeation enhancer effect than the other terpenes and control. ATR-FTIR data confirmed that finding in which eucalyptol induced a blue shift in the both CH₂ asymmetric and symmetric absorbance peak positions indicating increased lipid fluidity of stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yıldız Özsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey; E-Mails: (A.S.C.); (M.S.E.); (S.G.)
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Kumar P, Choonara YE, Toit LC, Pillay V. In silico elucidation of the inclusion phenomenon and permeation behavior of a zidovudine–cyclodextrin complex via static lattice atomistic simulation. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-013-0316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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70
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Formulation and biopharmaceutical evaluation of a transdermal patch containing aceclofenac. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:602-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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71
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Chen Y, Wang J, Cun D, Wang M, Jiang J, Xi H, Cui H, Xu Y, Cheng M, Fang L. Effect of unsaturated menthol analogues on the in vitro penetration of 5-fluorouracil through rat skin. Int J Pharm 2013; 443:120-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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72
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Shen T, Xu H, Weng W, Zhang J. Development of a reservoir-type transdermal delivery system containing eucalyptus oil for tetramethylpyrazine. Drug Deliv 2013; 20:19-24. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2012.742938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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73
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Shen T, Xu H, Weng W, Zhang J. Single- and Multiple-Dose Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Tetramethylpyrazine Reservoir-Type Transdermal Patch versus Tetramethylpyrazine Phosphate Oral Tablets in Healthy Normal Volunteers, and in Vitro/ in Vivo Correlation. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:931-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Huinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Weiyu Weng
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Jianfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
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Abstract
Stratum corneum, the outermost layer of skin, allows transport of only low-molecular weight (<500) lipophilic solutes. Here, we report a surprising finding that avicins (Avs), a family of naturally occurring glycosylated triterpenes with a molecular weight > 2,000, exhibit skin permeabilities comparable to those of small hydrophobic molecules, such as estradiol. Systematic fragmentation of the Av molecule shows that deletion of the outer monoterpene results in a 62% reduction in permeability, suggesting an important role for this motif in skin permeation. Further removal of the tetrasaccharide residue results in a further reduction of permeability by 79%. These results, taken in sum, imply that synergistic effects involving both hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues may hold the key in facilitating translocation of Avs across skin lipids. In addition to exhibiting high permeability, Avs provided moderate enhancements of skin permeability of estradiol and polysaccharides, including dextran and inulin but not polyethylene glycol.
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75
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Hathout RM, Elshafeey AH. Development and characterization of colloidal soft nano-carriers for transdermal delivery and bioavailability enhancement of an angiotensin II receptor blocker. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:230-40. [PMID: 22820090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize a successful colloidal soft nano-carrier viz. microemulsion system, for the transdermal delivery of an angiotensin II receptor blocker: olmesartan medoxomil. Different microemulsion formulations were prepared. The microemulsions were characterized visually, with the polarizing microscope, and by photon correlation spectroscopy. In addition, the pH and conductivity (σ) of the formulations were measured. The type and structure of microemulsions formed were determined using conductivity measurements analysis, Freezing Differential Scanning Calorimetry (FDSC) and Diffusion-Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY). Alterations in the molecular conformations of porcine skin were determined using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) biophysical assessment. Olmesartan medoxomil delivery from the investigated formulations was assessed across porcine skin ex-vivo using Franz diffusion cells; the drug was analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC/MS/MS). A comparative pharmacokinetic study was done on healthy human subjects between the selected microemulsion and the commercial oral tablets. The physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods revealed the presence of water-in-oil and bicontinuous structures. Biophysical assessment demonstrated various stratum corneum (SC) changes. Olmesartan medoxomil was delivered successfully across the skin with flux achieving 3.65μgcm(-2)h(-1). Higher bioavailability compared to commercial oral tablets with a more sustainment behavior was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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76
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Oil based nanocarrier system for transdermal delivery of ropinirole: A mechanistic, pharmacokinetic and biochemical investigation. Int J Pharm 2012; 422:436-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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77
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Cokol M, Chua HN, Tasan M, Mutlu B, Weinstein ZB, Suzuki Y, Nergiz ME, Costanzo M, Baryshnikova A, Giaever G, Nislow C, Myers CL, Andrews BJ, Boone C, Roth FP. Systematic exploration of synergistic drug pairs. Mol Syst Biol 2011; 7:544. [PMID: 22068327 PMCID: PMC3261710 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2011.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug synergy allows a therapeutic effect to be achieved with lower doses of component drugs. Drug synergy can result when drugs target the products of genes that act in parallel pathways ('specific synergy'). Such cases of drug synergy should tend to correspond to synergistic genetic interaction between the corresponding target genes. Alternatively, 'promiscuous synergy' can arise when one drug non-specifically increases the effects of many other drugs, for example, by increased bioavailability. To assess the relative abundance of these drug synergy types, we examined 200 pairs of antifungal drugs in S. cerevisiae. We found 38 antifungal synergies, 37 of which were novel. While 14 cases of drug synergy corresponded to genetic interaction, 92% of the synergies we discovered involved only six frequently synergistic drugs. Although promiscuity of four drugs can be explained under the bioavailability model, the promiscuity of Tacrolimus and Pentamidine was completely unexpected. While many drug synergies correspond to genetic interactions, the majority of drug synergies appear to result from non-specific promiscuous synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Cokol
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hon Nian Chua
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murat Tasan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beste Mutlu
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zohar B Weinstein
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yo Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Bioenergy, J. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mehmet E Nergiz
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zirve University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Michael Costanzo
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anastasia Baryshnikova
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guri Giaever
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey Nislow
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brenda J Andrews
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Boone
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frederick P Roth
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Ngawhirunpat T, Worachun N, Opanasopit P, Rojanarata T, Panomsuk S. Cremophor RH40-PEG 400 microemulsions as transdermal drug delivery carrier for ketoprofen. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 18:798-803. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.627871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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79
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Cui Y, Li L, Zhang L, Li J, Gu J, Gong H, Guo P, Tong W. Enhancement and mechanism of transdermal absorption of terpene-induced propranolol hydrochloride. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1477-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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80
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Waldman N. Seizure caused by dermal application of over-the-counter eucalyptus oil head lice preparation. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2011; 49:750-1. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2011.602084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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81
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Ahad A, Aqil M, Kohli K, Sultana Y, Mujeeb M, Ali A. Role of novel terpenes in transcutaneous permeation of valsartan: effectiveness and mechanism of action. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37:583-96. [PMID: 21469947 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.532219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The greatest obstacle for transdermal delivery is the barrier property of the stratum corneum. Many approaches have been employed to breach the skin barrier; the most widely used one is that of chemical penetration enhancers. Of the penetration enhancers, terpenes are arguably the most highly advanced and proven category. OBJECTIVE The aim of this investigation was to study effectiveness and mechanism of seven novel terpenes, namely iso-eucalyptol, β-citronellene, valencene, rose oxide, safranal, lavandulol acetate, and prenol, as potential penetration enhancers for improved skin permeation of valsartan through rat skin and human cadaver skin (HCS) with reference to established terpene eucalyptol. METHODS Skin permeation studies were carried out using Automated Transdermal Diffusion Cell Sampling System (SFDC 6, LOGAN Instruments Corp., NJ) on rat skin and HCS. The mechanism of skin permeation enhancement of valsartan by terpenes treatment was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram, and histopathological examination. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Among all study enhancers, iso-eucalyptol produced the maximum enhancement via rat skin [enhancement ratio (ER) = 7.4] and HCS (ER = 3.60) over control. FT-IR spectra and DSC thermogram of skin treated with aforesaid terpenes indicated that permeation occurred due to the disruption of lipid bilayers. No apparent skin irritation (erythema, edema) was observed on treatment with terpenes except β-citronellene, safranal, lavandulol acetate, and prenol, which caused mild irritation. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the iso-eucalyptol can be successfully used as safe and potential penetration enhancer for enhancement of skin permeation of lipophilic drug such as valsartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Hamdard University, M. B. Road, New Delhi, India
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82
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Chandra Shekar B, Jukanti R, Shashank AS, Devraj R. Improved Ex Vivo Transcutaneous Permeation of Diclofenac from Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in the Presence of Novel Long-Chain Alkyl Esters of PABA. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2010.498248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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83
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Wang L, Zheng X, Fang Y, Wang Y, Duan C, Yao B. Transdermal Evaporation Delivery System of Praziquantelfor Schistosomiasis Japonicum Chemotherapy. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:2769-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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84
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Ahad A, Aqil M, Kohli K, Sultana Y, Mujeeb M, Ali A. Formulation and optimization of nanotransfersomes using experimental design technique for accentuated transdermal delivery of valsartan. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 8:237-49. [PMID: 21704600 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this work was to develop and statistically optimize nanotransfersomes for enhanced transdermal of valsartan vis-à-vis traditional liposomes. Nanotransfersomes bearing valsartan were prepared by conventional rotary evaporation method and characterized for various parameters including entrapment efficiency, vesicles shape, size, size distribution, and skin permeation. In vivo antihypertensive activity conducted on Wistar rats was also taken as a measure of performance of nanotransfersomes and liposomes. Nanotransfersomes proved significantly superior in terms of amount of drug permeated in the skin, with an enhancement ratio of 33.97 ± 1.25 when compared to rigid liposomes. This was further confirmed through a confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Nanotransfersomes showed better antihypertensive activity in comparison to liposomes by virtue of better permeation through Wistar rat skin. Finally, it could be concluded that the nanotransfersomes accentuates the transdermal flux of valsartan and could be used as a carrier for effective transdermal delivery of valsartan. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this paper, the authors discuss the development and optimization of nanotransfersomes for enhanced transdermal of valsartan and demonstrate accentuated transdermal compared to standard preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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85
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Jukanti R, Sheela S, Bandari S, Veerareddy PR. Enhanced bioavailability of exemestane via proliposomes based transdermal delivery. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3208-3222. [PMID: 21404279 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Exemestane, a novel steroidal aromatase inactivator used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer has limited bioavailability (42%) due to poor solubility, extensive first-pass metabolism, and also the absorption is dependent on formulation type and food. The present study is aimed to evaluate the feasibility of proliposomes for transdermal delivery of exemestane. The prepared proliposomes were characterized for size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The size of the vesicles was found to be between 440 and 700 nm with high entrapment efficiency for the formulation containing greater amounts of phosphatidylcholine. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared studies were performed to understand the phase transition behavior and mechanism for skin permeation, respectively. The drug release across cellophane membrane follows zero-order kinetics by diffusion. Ex vivo permeation enhancement assessed from flux, permeability coefficient, and enhancement ratio were significantly higher for proliposome gels compared with control. A significant improvement in the bioavailability (2.4-fold) was observed from optimized proliposome gel compared with control (oral suspension). The stability data reveal that the formulations are more stable when stored at 4°C. In conclusion, proliposomal gels offer potential and prove to be efficient carriers for improved and sustained transdermal delivery of exemestane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Jukanti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Warangal 506001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Sruthi Sheela
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Warangal 506001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Warangal 506001, Andhra Pradesh, India; Dr Reddy's Laboratories, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhakar R Veerareddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Warangal 506001, Andhra Pradesh, India
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86
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Zhao L, Li Y, Fang L, Ren C, Xu Y, He Z. Effect of O-acylmenthol and salt formation on the skin permeation of diclofenac acid. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 35:814-26. [PMID: 19466898 DOI: 10.1080/03639040802623933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To enhance the transdermal delivery of diclofenac acid (DA) by using O-acylmenthol as a penetration enhancer and complexing with amines, or by a combination of the two methods. METHODS The skin permeability of diclofenac was tested in vitro across rat skin with each of the evaluated permeants in a saturated isopropyl myristate (IPM) donor solution. RESULTS A 4.5-fold increase in the flux of diclofenac was observed by ion-pair formation with diethylamine; however, the cations with hydroxyl groups had negative effects on the transdermal delivery of diclofenac. 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxypanoate and 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl heptanoate produced significant increase in the permeation of diclofenac potassium (D-K); however, both of them were ineffective for the other diclofenac salts, including diclofenac diethylamine (D-DETA), diclofenac ethanolamine (D-EA), diclofenac diethanolamine (D-DEA), diclofenac triethanolamine, and diclofenac N-(hydroxylethyl) piperidine. 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl tetradecanoate was effective on the penetration of D-K, D-DETA, D-EA, and D-DEA. Also, it is exciting to note that the combined use of diethylamine with 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl tetradecanoate produced a 9.74-fold increase in accumulation amount of diclofenac compared with DA in IPM. CONCLUSIONS The use of ion pair in combination with O-acylmenthol is necessary to further increase the diclofenac flux to provide better compliance for the patients undergoing clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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87
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Jampilek J, Brychtova K. Azone analogues: classification, design, and transdermal penetration principles. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:907-47. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Jampilek
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Palackeho 1-3 612 42 Brno Czech Republic
- Zentiva k.s., U kabelovny 130; 102 37 Prague 10 Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Brychtova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Palackeho 1-3 612 42 Brno Czech Republic
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88
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Zhao L, Fang L, Li Y, Zheng N, Xu Y, Wang J, He Z. Effect of (E)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl octadec-9-enoate on transdermal delivery ofAconitumalkaloids. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 37:290-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.510141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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89
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Rastogi R, Anand S, Dinda AK, Koul V. Investigation on the synergistic effect of a combination of chemical enhancers and modulated iontophoresis for transdermal delivery of insulin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:993-1004. [PMID: 20334541 DOI: 10.3109/03639041003682012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objective of this study was to assess the flux enhancement of insulin transdermally by utilizing a complex of chemical enhancers in combination with modulated iontophoresis. METHODS The experiments were performed on porcine epidermis model under three different circumstances, namely, (a) 1-hour modulated iontophoresis alone; (b) pretreatment with vehicle and chemical enhancer combinations and (c) combination of (a) and (b). The mechanism of action of the enhancers was studied using infra-red spectra by derivative and curve-fitting techniques and Confocal laser scanning microscopy. The efficacy of the optimized combination was tested in vivo in streptozocin-diabetic Wistar rats. RESULTS A blend of 1,8 cineole, oleic acid and sodium deoxycholate in propylene glycol : ethanol (7:3) resulted in 45% enhancement, when permeation was performed in combination with iontophoresis as compared to the latter alone. In-depth analysis of infra-red spectra revealed that each of the enhancers acted differentially on lipid-protein domains of the stratum corneum thereby supporting the observed synergism. Movement of fluorescently labeled insulin depicted highlighted follicular regions and paracellular accumulation of the probe after iontophoresis and chemical enhancer treatment respectively. Presence of the fluorescent peptide in these regions 4 hour after treatment with the combination reinforced the results of the permeation studies. Finally the combination of modulated iontophoresis with chemical enhancer blend resulted in lowering of blood glucose for 8 hour in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The study proved the applicability of modulated iontophoresis with chemical pretreatment in delivering insulin transdermally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Rastogi
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
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90
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Hathout RM, Mansour S, Geneidi AS, Mortada ND. Visualization, dermatopharmacokinetic analysis and monitoring the conformational effects of a microemulsion formulation in the skin stratum corneum. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 354:124-30. [PMID: 21067769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of nano-systems such as the microemulsions is considered as an increasingly implemented strategy in order to enhance the percutaneous transport into and across the skin barrier. The determination of the major pathway of penetration and the mechanisms by which these formulations work remains crucial. In this study, laser confocal scanning microscopy was used to visualize the penetration and the distribution of a fluorescently-labelled microemulsion (using 0.1% w/v Nile red) consisting of (%, w/w) 15.4% oleic acid, 30.8% Tween 20, 30.8% Transcutol® and 23% water. The surface images revealed that the microemulsion accumulated preferentially in the intercellular domains of the stratum corneum. Additionally, by analysis of the images taken across the whole stratum corneum (SC), the penetration was found to occur along its whole depth. The latter result was confirmed using tape stripping and the subsequent sensitive analysis using liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy. Dermatopharmacokinetic parameters were obtained for the microemulsion different components. These values proved the breakage of the microemulsion during its penetration across the stratum corneum. Moreover, the mechanisms of penetration enhancement and the micro molecular effects on the skin stratum corneum were investigated using attenuated Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. The results revealed the penetration of all the microemulsion components in the stratum corneum and demonstrated the microemulsion interaction with the skin barrier perturbing its architecture structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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91
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Terpene microemulsions for transdermal curcumin delivery: effects of terpenes and cosurfactants. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 82:63-70. [PMID: 20828994 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microemulsion systems composed of terpenes, polysorbate 80, cosurfactants, and water were investigated as transdermal delivery vehicles for curcumin. Pseudoternary phase diagrams of three terpenes (limonene, 1,8-cineole, and α-terpineol) at a constant surfactant/cosurfactant ratio (1:1) were constructed to illustrate their phase behaviors. Limonene combined with cosurfactants like ethanol, isopropanol, and propylene glycol were employed as microemulsion ingredients to study their potential for transdermal curcumin delivery. The transdermal delivery efficacy and skin retention of curcumin were evaluated using neonate pig skin mounted on a Franz diffusion cell. The curcumin permeation rates in the limonene microemulsion studied were 30- and 44-fold higher than those of 1,8-cineole and α-terpineol microemulsions, respectively. Significant effects on the skin permeation rates were observed from microemulsions containing different limonene/water contents. Histological examination of treated skin was performed to investigate the change of skin morphologies. Characteristics such as droplet size, conductivity, interfacial tension, and viscosity were analyzed to understand the physicochemical properties of the transdermal microemulsions. In conclusion, microemulsions loaded with curcumin were successfully optimized for transdermal delivery after screening various terpenes, cosurfactants, and limonene/water ratios. These results indicate that the limonene microemulsion system is a promising tool for the percutaneous delivery of curcumin.
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92
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Yerramsetty KM, Rachakonda VK, Neely BJ, Madihally SV, Gasem KAM. Effect of different enhancers on the transdermal permeation of insulin analog. Int J Pharm 2010; 398:83-92. [PMID: 20667506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Revised: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs), transdermal drug delivery (TDD) offers an alternative route for insulin administration, wherein the CPEs reversibly reduce the barrier resistance of the skin. However, there is a lack of sufficient information concerning the effect of CPE chemical structure on insulin permeation. To address this limitation, we examined the effect of CPE functional groups on the permeation of insulin. A virtual design algorithm that incorporates quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models for predicting the CPE properties was used to identify 43 potential CPEs. This set of CPEs was pre-screened using a resistance technique, and the 22 best CPEs were selected. Next, standard permeation experiments in Franz cells were performed to quantify insulin permeation. Our results indicate that specific functional groups are not directly responsible for enhanced insulin permeation. Rather, permeation enhancement is produced by molecules that exhibit positive logK(ow) values and possess at least one hydrogen donor or acceptor. Toluene was the only exception among the 22 potential CPEs considered. In addition, toxicity analyses of the 22 CPEs were performed. A total of eight CPEs were both highly enhancing (permeability coefficient at least four times the control value) and non-toxic, five of which are new discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Yerramsetty
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
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93
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Morrow DI, McCarron PA, Woolfson AD, Juzenas P, Juzeniene A, Iani V, Moan J, Donnelly RF. Influence of penetration enhancers on topical delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid from bioadhesive patches. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:685-95. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.06.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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94
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Oliveira RVMD, Ohara MT, Vila MMDC, Gonçalves MM. In vitro evaluation of copaiba oil as a kojic acid skin enhancer. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502010000200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of copaíba oil to act as a skin penetration enhancer for the depigmenting agent kojic acid was evaluated using an in vitro diffusion system with static flux and shed rattlesnake skin membrane, Crotalus durissus terrificus, in saline solution at 34±2 ºC as the fluid receptor. The quantities of kojic acid liberated into the fluid receptor were determined by spectrophotometry at 268 nm with intervals of one and a half hours. The membranes, pretreated with copaíba oil at 25% and 50% v/v, gave flux values of 8.0 and 12.7 µg/cm²/h, permeability values of 2.0 and 3.3 cm×10-4/h, and promotion factors of 4.1 and 3.7, respectively. These results indicate that copaíba oil, at the two concentrations studied, has the capacity to promote penetration of kojic acid.
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95
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Ma X, Fang L, Guo J, Zhao N, He Z. Effect of counter-ions and penetration enhancers on the skin permeation of flurbiprofen. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:1826-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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96
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Infrared spectroscopic study of lipid interaction in stratum corneum treated with transdermal absorption enhancers. Int J Pharm 2010; 389:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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97
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Fang JY, Tsai TH, Hung CF, Wong WW. Development and evaluation of the essential oil from Magnolia fargesii for enhancing the transdermal absorption of theophylline and cianidanol. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 56:1493-500. [PMID: 15563755 DOI: 10.1211/0022357044823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To improve the skin permeation of theophylline and cianidanol ((+)-catechin), the essential oil of Magnolia fargesii was evaluated using in-vitro and in-vivo permeation techniques. Oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are the major components of M. fargesii essential oil. The in-vitro permeation of theophylline and cianidanol was significantly enhanced after treatment with M. fargesii essential oil. The essential oil increased the in-vivo skin deposition of cianidanol but not theophylline. On the other hand, in-vivo microdialysis showed a higher subcutaneous theophylline amount after essential oil treatment. In-vitro cell viability and prostaglandin E2 release by skin keratinocytes indicated that there was low or negligible cytotoxicity by M. fargesii essential oil. The in-vivo skin tolerance study determined by transepidermal water loss and colorimetry confirmed that no irritation of the skin was detected when using M. fargesii essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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98
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Suppasansatorn P, Nimmannit U, Conway BR, Du L, Wang Y. Microemulsions as topical delivery vehicles for the anti-melanoma prodrug, temozolomide hexyl ester (TMZA-HE). J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:787-94. [PMID: 17637171 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.6.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A prodrug, temozolomide acid hexyl ester (TMZA-HE), was identified as a skin-deliverable congener for temozolomide (TMZ) to treat skin cancers. Poor solubility and instability of TMZA-HE rendered a serious challenge for formulation of a topical preparation. Microemulsions (ME) were chosen as a potential vehicle for TMZA-HE topical preparations. ME systems were constructed with either oleic acid (OA) or isopropyl myristate (IPM) as the oil phase and tocopheryl (vitamin E) polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (VE-TPGS) as a surfactant. Topical formulations of OA and IPM ME systems demonstrated beneficial solubilising ability and provided a stable environment for the prodrug, TMZA-HE. Significant differences between the microstructures of OA and IPM ME systems were revealed by freeze fracture electron microscopy (FFEM) and different loading abilities and permeation potencies between the two systems were also identified. In permeation studies, IPM ME systems, with inclusion of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a co-surfactant, significantly increased TMZA-HE permeation through silicon membranes and rat skin resulting in less drug retention within the skin, while OA ME systems demonstrated higher solubilising ability and a higher concentration of TMZA-HE retained within the skin. Therefore IPM ME systems are promising for transdermal delivery of TMZA-HE and OA ME systems may be a suitable choice for a topical formulation of TMZA-HE.
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99
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Chantasart D, Pongjanyakul T, Higuchi WI, Li SK. Effects of oxygen-containing terpenes as skin permeation enhancers on the lipoidal pathways of human epidermal membrane. J Pharm Sci 2010; 98:3617-32. [PMID: 19156845 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of oxygen-containing terpenes as skin permeation enhancers on the lipoidal pathways of human epidermal membrane (HEM). The enhancement (E(HEM)) effects of menthol, thymol, carvacrol, menthone, and cineole on the transport of a probe permeant, corticosterone, across HEM were determined. It was found that the enhancer potencies of menthol, thymol, carvacrol, and menthone were essentially the same and higher than that of cineole based on their aqueous concentration in the diffusion cell chamber at E(HEM) = 4. Thymol and carvacrol also had the same E(HEM) = 10 concentration further supporting that they had the same enhancer potency based on the aqueous concentration. The uptake amounts of terpene into the HEM stratum corneum (SC) intercellular lipid under the same conditions indicate that the intrinsic potencies of the studied terpenes are the same based on their concentration in the SC and similar to those of n-alkanol and n-alkylphenyl alcohol. Moreover, they are all better enhancers compared to branched-chain alkanol. The approximately same uptake enhancement of beta-estradiol induced by the studied terpenes and alcohols at E(HEM) conditions into the SC intercellular lipids suggests that the mechanism of enhancement action for the terpenes and those of alcohols are essentially the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doungdaw Chantasart
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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100
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Yerramsetty KM, Neely BJ, Madihally SV, Gasem KAM. A skin permeability model of insulin in the presence of chemical penetration enhancer. Int J Pharm 2009; 388:13-23. [PMID: 20026200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing transdermal delivery of insulin using chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) has several advantages over other non-traditional methods; however, lack of suitable predictive models, make experimentation the only alternative for discovering new CPEs. To address this limitation, a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model was developed, for predicting insulin permeation in the presence of CPEs. A virtual design algorithm that incorporates QSPR models for predicting CPE properties was used to identify 48 potential CPEs. Permeation experiments using Franz diffusion cells and resistance experiments were performed to quantify the effect of CPEs on insulin permeability and skin structure, respectively. Of the 48 CPEs, 35 were used for training and 13 were used for validation. In addition, 12 CPEs reported in literature were also included in the validation set. Differential evolution (DE) was coupled with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to develop the non-linear QSPR models. The six-descriptor model had a 16% absolute average deviation (%AAD) in the training set and 4 misclassifications in the validation set. Five of the six descriptors were found to be statistically significant after sensitivity analyses. The results suggest, molecules with low dipoles that are capable of forming intermolecular bonds with skin lipid bi-layers show promise as effective insulin-specific CPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Yerramsetty
- 423 Engineering North, School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
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