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Hasanzadeh E, Amoabediny G, Haghighipour N, Gholami N, Mohammadnejad J, Shojaei S, Salehi-Nik N. The stability evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells differentiation toward endothelial cells by chemical and mechanical stimulation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 53:818-826. [PMID: 28702926 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are adult multipotent cells able to differentiate into several cell lineages. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the shear stress associated with blood flow are considered as the most important chemical and mechanical cues that play major roles in endothelial differentiation. However, the stability of endothelial-specific gene expression has not been completely addressed yet. ADSCs in passage 3 were cultured inside the tubular silicon tubes and then exposed to VEGF or shear stress produced in a perfusion bioreactor. To investigate the differentiation, the expression levels of Flk-1, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) were studied using Real-Time PCR. For studying the endothelial differentiation stability, mRNA levels of the genes were evaluated in certain time intervals after completion of the tests so as to determine whether the expression level of each gene in different time points was stable and remained constant or not. Application of VEGF and shear stress caused an elevation in endothelial cells' specific genes. Although there are some changes following the days after application of mechanical and chemical stimuli, the gene expression results depicted significantly higher gene expression between sequential chemically and mechanically incited groups. In conclusion, stress alone can be a differentiating factor, by itself. Our results verified the efficient stable differentiation ability of the chemical and mechanical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hasanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghassem Amoabediny
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nooshin Haghighipour
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasim Gholami
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadnejad
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Shojaei
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Salehi-Nik
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
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Dayer D, Tabar MH, Moghimipour E, Tabandeh MR, Ghadiri AA, Bakhshi EA, Orazizadeh M, Ghafari MA. Sonic hedgehog pathway suppression and reactivation accelerates differentiation of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells toward insulin-producing cells. Cytotherapy 2017. [PMID: 28647274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is an intercellular signaling molecule that regulates pancreas development in mammals. Manipulation of Shh signaling pathway can be used as reliable approach to improve the generation of functional insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). METHODS In the present study, a novel differentiation protocol was used to produce IPCs from adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ATDMSCs) based on sequential inhibition and reactivation of Shh pathway. ATDMSCs were differentiated into IPCs via a 14-day basic protocol using 1% insulin transferrin selenium (ITS) and 1% nicotinamide in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium medium. A mixture of 0.25 µmol/L cyclopamine + 64 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor at day 3 of differentiation and 150 ng/mL recombinant Shh at day 11 of differentiation were used, respectively, to promote sequential inhibition and reactivation of Shh pathway. Insulin granule formation, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and gene expression pattern related to the pancreatic endocrine development and function were analyzed in manipulated and unmanipulated IPCs. RESULTS IPCs obtained after Shh manipulation secreted higher amounts of insulin in vitro. This phenotype was accompanied by increased expression of both genes critical for β-cell function and transcription factors associated with their mature phenotype including Pdx1, MafA, Nkx2.2, Nkx6.1, Ngn3, Isl1 and insulin at day 14 of differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that the early inhibition and late reactivation of Shh signaling pathway during the differentiation of ATDMSCs improved the functional properties of IPCs, a novel method that could be considered as an alternative approach for cell-based therapy for type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Dayer
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemi Tabar
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Eskandar Moghimipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ata A Ghadiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Allah Bakhshi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Orazizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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53
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Araújo AB, Salton GD, Furlan JM, Schneider N, Angeli MH, Laureano ÁM, Silla L, Passos EP, Paz AH. Comparison of human mesenchymal stromal cells from four neonatal tissues: Amniotic membrane, chorionic membrane, placental decidua and umbilical cord. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:577-585. [PMID: 28343898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being investigated as a potential alternative for cellular therapy. This study was designed to compare the biological characteristics of MSCs isolated from amniotic membrane (A-MSCs), chorionic membrane (C-MSCs), placental decidua (D-MSCs) and umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) to ascertain whether any one of these sources is superior to the others for cellular therapy purposes. METHODS MSCs were isolated from amniotic membrane, chorionic membrane, umbilical cord and placental decidua. Immunophenotype, differentiation ability, cell size, cell complexity, polarity index and growth kinetics of MSCs isolated from these four sources were analyzed. RESULTS MSCs were successfully isolated from all four sources. Surface marker profile and differentiation ability were consistent with human MSCs. C-MSCs in suspension were the smallest cells, whereas UC-MSCs presented the greatest length and least width. A-MSCs had the lowest polarity index and UC-MSCs, as more elongated cells, the highest. C-MSCs, D-MSCs and UC-MSCs exhibited similar growth capacity until passage 8 (P8); C-MSCs presented better lifespan, whereas insignificant proliferation was observed in A-MSCs. DISCUSSION Neonatal and maternal tissues can serve as sources of multipotent stem cells. Some characteristics of MSCs obtained from four neonatal tissues were compared and differences were observed. Amniotic membrane was the least useful source of MSCs, whereas chorionic membrane and umbilical cord were considered good options for future use in cell therapy because of the known advantages of immature cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise Bergmann Araújo
- Cryobiology Unit and Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Hemotherapy Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Gabrielle Dias Salton
- Cryobiology Unit and Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Hemotherapy Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Monteiro Furlan
- Cryobiology Unit and Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Hemotherapy Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Melissa Helena Angeli
- Cryobiology Unit and Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Hemotherapy Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Macedo Laureano
- Cellular Technology and Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Silla
- Cellular Technology and Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Helena Paz
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Expression of Surface Molecules in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Co-Cultured with Nucleated Umbilical Cord Blood Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 162:578-582. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sisakhtnezhad S, Alimoradi E, Akrami H. External factors influencing mesenchymal stem cell fate in vitro. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 96:13-33. [PMID: 27988106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have extensive potentials, which make them attractive candidates for the developmental biology, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. However, the use of MSCs is limited by their scarceness in tissues and in culture conditions. They also exhibit various degrees of potency which subsequently influencing their applications. Nowadays, questions remain about how self-renewal and differentiation of MSCs can be controlled in vitro and in vivo, how they will behave and migrate to the right place and how they modulate the immune system. Therefore, identification of factors and culture conditions to affect the fate and function of MSCs may be effective to enhance their applications in clinical situations. Studies have indicated that the fate of MSCs in culture is influenced by various external factors, including the specific cell source, donor age, plating density, passage number and plastic surface quality. Some other factors such as cell culture media and their supplementary factors, O2 concentration, mechano-/electro-stimuli and three-dimensional scaffolds are also shown to be influential. This review addresses the current state of MSC research for describing and discussing the findings about external factors that influence the fate and function of MSCs. Additionally, the new discoveries and suggestions regarding their molecular mechanisms will be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Alimoradi
- Department of biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hassan Akrami
- Department of biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Zimoch-Korzycka A, Śmieszek A, Jarmoluk A, Nowak U, Marycz K. Potential Biomedical Application of Enzymatically Treated Alginate/Chitosan Hydrosols in Sponges-Biocompatible Scaffolds Inducing Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E320. [PMID: 30974593 PMCID: PMC6431914 DOI: 10.3390/polym8090320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current regenerative strategies used for cartilage repair rely on biomaterial functionality as a scaffold for cells that may have potential in chondrogenic differentiation. The purpose of the research was to investigate the biocompatibility of enzymatically treated alginate/chitosan hydrosol sponges and their suitability to support chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose derived multipotent stromal cells (hASCs). The alginate/chitosan and enzyme/alginate/chitosan sponges were formed from hydrosols with various proportions and were used as a biomaterial in this study. Sponges were tested for porosity and wettability. The porosity of each sponge was higher than 80%. An equal dose of alginate and chitosan in the composition of sponges improved their swelling ability. It was found that equal concentrations of alginate and chitosan in hydrosols sponges assure high biocompatibility properties that may be further improved by enzymatic treatment. Importantly, the high biocompatibility of these biomaterials turned out to be crucial in the context of hydrosols' pro-chondrogenic function. After exposure to the chondrogenic conditions, the hASCs in N/A/C and L/A/C sponges formed well developed nodules and revealed increased expression of collagen type II, aggrecan and decreased expression of collagen type I. Moreover, in these cultures, the reactive oxygen species level was lowered while superoxide dismutase activity increased. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that N/A/C and L/A/C sponges may have prospective application as hASCs carriers for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zimoch-Korzycka
- Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chelmonskiego St., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Śmieszek
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38 C Chelmonskiego St., 50-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Jarmoluk
- Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chelmonskiego St., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Urszula Nowak
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38 C Chelmonskiego St., 50-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38 C Chelmonskiego St., 50-630 Wrocław, Poland.
- Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Stablowicka 147, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Potency testing of mesenchymal stromal cell growth expanded in human platelet lysate from different human tissues. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:122. [PMID: 27557940 PMCID: PMC4997686 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been largely investigated, in the past decade, as potential therapeutic strategies for various acute and chronic pathological conditions. MSCs isolated from different sources, such as bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord tissue (UCT) and adipose tissue (AT), share many biological features, although they may show some differences on cumulative yield, proliferative ability and differentiation potential. The standardization of MSCs growth and their functional amplification is a mandatory objective of cell therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cumulative yield and the ex vivo amplification potential of MSCs obtained from various sources and different subjects, using defined culture conditions with a standardized platelet lysate (PL) as growth stimulus. Methods MSCs isolated from BM, UCT and AT and expanded in human PL were compared in terms of cumulative yield and growth potential per gram of starting tissue. MSCs morphology, phenotype, differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory properties were also investigated to evaluate their biological characteristics. Results The use of standardized PL-based culture conditions resulted in a very low variability of MSC growth. Our data showed that AT has the greater capacity to generate MSC per gram of initial tissue, compared to BM and UCT. However, UCT-MSCs replicated faster than AT-MSCs and BM-MSCs, revealing a greater proliferation capacity of this source irrespective of its lower MSC yield. All MSCs exhibited the typical MSC phenotype and the ability to differentiate into all mesodermal lineages, while BM-MSCs showed the most prominent immunosuppressive effect in vitro. Conclusions The adoption of standardized culture conditions may help researchers and clinicians to reveal particular characteristics and inter-individual variability of MSCs sourced from different tissues. These data will be beneficial to set the standards for tissue collection and MSCs clinical-scale expansion both for cell banking and for cell-based therapy settings.
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Shivakumar SB, Bharti D, Subbarao RB, Jang SJ, Park JS, Ullah I, Park JK, Byun JH, Park BW, Rho GJ. DMSO- and Serum-Free Cryopreservation of Wharton's Jelly Tissue Isolated From Human Umbilical Cord. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2397-412. [PMID: 27038129 PMCID: PMC5094545 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The facile nature of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) acquisition in relatively large numbers has made Wharton's jelly (WJ) tissue an alternative source of MSCs for regenerative medicine. However, freezing of such tissue using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for future use impedes its clinical utility. In this study, we compared the effect of two different cryoprotectants (DMSO and cocktail solution) on post-thaw cell behavior upon freezing of WJ tissue following two different freezing protocols (Conventional [-1°C/min] and programmed). The programmed method showed higher cell survival rate compared to conventional method of freezing. Further, cocktail solution showed better cryoprotection than DMSO. Post-thaw growth characteristics and stem cell behavior of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) from WJ tissue cryopreserved with a cocktail solution in conjunction with programmed method (Prog-Cock) were comparable with WJMSCs from fresh WJ tissue. They preserved their expression of surface markers, pluripotent factors, and successfully differentiated in vitro into osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and hepatocytes. They also produced lesser annexin-V-positive cells compared to cells from WJ tissue stored using cocktail solution in conjunction with the conventional method (Conv-Cock). Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis of post-thaw WJMSCs from Conv-Cock group showed significantly increased expression of pro-apoptotic factors (BAX, p53, and p21) and reduced expression of anti-apoptotic factor (BCL2) compared to WJMSCs from the fresh and Prog-Cock group. Therefore, we conclude that freezing of fresh WJ tissue using cocktail solution in conjunction with programmed freezing method allows for an efficient WJ tissue banking for future MSC-based regenerative therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2397-2412, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Belame Shivakumar
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Bharti
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghavendra Baregundi Subbarao
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Jung Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sung Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Ullah
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Kwon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
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[Mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease: where do we stand?]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 58:1265-73. [PMID: 26369762 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-015-2244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal products based on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are expected to have a therapeutic benefit in a variety of conditions and, accordingly, are being tested in many clinical studies. The treatment and prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the world's most widely studied MSC therapy concepts. So far, one MSC medicinal product has been approved for the treatment of GvHD. This article gives an overview of the particular features related to the production of MSC-based medicinal products, the state of non-clinical research, and the clinical development status of MSCs and the associated challenges, especially in the context of GvHD.
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GU YAJUN, LI TAO, DING YANLING, SUN LINGXIAN, TU TAO, ZHU WEI, HU JIABO, SUN XIAOCHUN. Changes in mesenchymal stem cells following long-term culture in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5207-15. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Rahmanian N, Bozorgmehr M, Torabi M, Akbari A, Zarnani AH. Cell separation: Potentials and pitfalls. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:38-51. [PMID: 27045194 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1163579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell separation techniques play an indispensable part in numerous basic biological studies and even clinical settings. Although various cell isolation methods with diverse applications have been devised so far, not all of them have been able to gain widespread popularity among researchers and clinicians. There is not a single method known to be advantageous over all cell isolation techniques, and in fact, it is the researcher's aim in performing a study that determines the most suitable method. A perfect method for one study might not be necessarily a proper choice for another and likewise, expensive and complex isolation methods might not always be the best choices. There are several criteria such as cell purity, viability, activation status, and frequency that need to be given serious thought before selecting an isolation technique. Moreover, time and cost are two of the key elements that should be taken into consideration before implementing a project. Hence, here we provide a succinct description of six more popular cell separation methods with respect to their principles, advantages, and disadvantages as well as their most common applications. We further provide several key features of each technique so that it helps the researchers to take the first step toward opting for the best method that fits well into their projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Rahmanian
- a Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohmood Bozorgmehr
- b Oncopathology Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Monir Torabi
- c Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- d Colorectal Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- e Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,f Immunology Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Forostyak O, Butenko O, Anderova M, Forostyak S, Sykova E, Verkhratsky A, Dayanithi G. Specific profiles of ion channels and ionotropic receptors define adipose- and bone marrow derived stromal cells. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:622-34. [PMID: 27062357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherent, fibroblastic cells from different tissues are thought to contain subsets of tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells (often called mesenchymal stem cells). These cells display similar cell surface characteristics based on their fibroblastic nature, but also exhibit differences in molecular phenotype, growth rate, and their ability to differentiate into various cell phenotypes. The mechanisms underlying these differences remain poorly understood. We analyzed Ca(2+) signals and membrane properties in rat adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in basal conditions, and then following a switch into medium that contains factors known to modify their character. Modified ADSCs (mADSCs) expressed L-type Ca(2+) channels whereas both L- and P/Q- channels were operational in mBMSCs. Both mADSCs and mBMSCs possessed functional endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores, expressed ryanodine receptor-1 and -3, and exhibited spontaneous [Ca(2+)]i oscillations. The mBMSCs expressed P2X7 purinoceptors; the mADSCs expressed both P2X (but not P2X7) and P2Y (but not P2Y1) receptors. Both types of stromal cells exhibited [Ca(2+)]i responses to vasopressin (AVP) and expressed V1 type receptors. Functional oxytocin (OT) receptors were, in contrast, expressed only in modified ADSCs and BMSCs. AVP and OT-induced [Ca(2+)]i responses were dose-dependent and were blocked by their respective specific receptor antagonists. Electrophysiological data revealed that passive ion currents dominated the membrane conductance in ADSCs and BMSCs. Medium modification led to a significant shift in the reversal potential of passive currents from -40 to -50mV in cells in basal to -80mV in modified cells. Hence membrane conductance was mediated by non-selective channels in cells in basal conditions, whereas in modified medium conditions, it was associated with K(+)-selective channels. Our results indicate that modification of ADSCs and BMSCs by alteration in medium formulation is associated with significant changes in their Ca(2+) signaling and membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Forostyak
- Department of Molecular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic; Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, V Uvalu 84, Prague 15006, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Butenko
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, V Uvalu 84, Prague 15006, Czech Republic; Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Serhiy Forostyak
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, V Uvalu 84, Prague 15006, Czech Republic; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sykova
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, V Uvalu 84, Prague 15006, Czech Republic; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- University of Manchester, School of Biological Sciences, D.4417 Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Govindan Dayanithi
- Department of Molecular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-U1198, Université Montpellier, Montpellier 34095, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes-Sorbonne, Les Patios Saint-Jacques, 4-14 rue Ferrus, 75014 Paris, France.
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The Influence of Aging on the Regenerative Potential of Human Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2152435. [PMID: 26941800 PMCID: PMC4749808 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2152435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration using human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) has significant potential as a novel treatment for many degenerative bone and joint diseases. Previous studies have established that age negatively affects the proliferation status and the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study was to assess the age-related maintenance of physiological function and differentiation potential of hASCs in vitro. hASCs were isolated from patients of four different age groups: (1) >20 years (n = 7), (2) >50 years (n = 7), (3) >60 years (n = 7), and (4) >70 years (n = 7). The hASCs were characterized according to the number of fibroblasts colony forming unit (CFU-F), proliferation rate, population doubling time (PDT), and quantified parameters of adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation. Compared to younger cells, aged hASCs had decreased proliferation rates, decreased chondrogenic and osteogenic potential, and increased senescent features. A shift in favor of adipogenic differentiation with increased age was also observed. As many bone and joint diseases increase in prevalence with age, it is important to consider the negative influence of age on hASCs viability, proliferation status, and multilineage differentiation potential when considering the potential therapeutic applications of hASCs.
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64
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Optimized Protocol for Isolation of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Umbilical Cord. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 160:148-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-3116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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65
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Chuenjitkuntaworn B, Osathanon T, Nowwarote N, Supaphol P, Pavasant P. The efficacy of polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffold in combination with mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:264-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Pathumwan 10330 Thailand
| | - Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Pitt Supaphol
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Pathumwan 10330 Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Pathumwan 10330 Thailand
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66
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Chen JY, Mou XZ, Du XC, Xiang C. Comparative analysis of biological characteristics of adult mesenchymal stem cells with different tissue origins. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:739-46. [PMID: 26433660 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To invest the differences among mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues and their impacts on clinical applications. METHODS In this study, MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue (AD), umbilical cord tissue (UC), and menstrual blood (Men) and compared their biological characteristics in terms of proliferation capacity, passage capacity, colony formation, and surface markers were compared. RESULTS The stem cells (SCs) obtained from different sources were all characterized as MSCs, but demonstrated some differences. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) were able to overcome density inhibition. The proliferation rate decreased in the order UCMSCs > MenSCs > ADSCs, while the colony-forming ability decreased in the order MenSCs > ADSCs > UCMSCs. Based on gene-expression data for MSCs from different sources within the same donor, 768 MenSC genes were found that were specifically upregulated or downregulated compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs and UCMSCs, most of which were involved in cell function-related pathways. In addition, MenSCs appeared to be superior in terms of immune inflammation, stress response, and neural differentiation potentials, but weaker in terms of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacities, compared with UCMSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs. CONCLUSIONS MenSCs have higher extraction efficiency, colony-forming ability, and long time passage capacity. Although the proliferation capacity is inferior to UCMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | | | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; S-Evans Biosciences, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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The Effect of Age on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Adipose Derived Stromal Stem Cells (hASCs) and the Impact of Stress Factors in the Course of the Differentiation Process. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:309169. [PMID: 26246868 PMCID: PMC4515302 DOI: 10.1155/2015/309169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue is a great source of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs), which are recognized for their vast therapeutic applications. Their ability to self-renew and differentiate into several lineages makes them a promising tool for cell-based therapies in different types of degenerative diseases. Thus it is crucial to evaluate age-related changes in hASCs, as the elderly are a group that will benefit most from their considerable potential. In this study we investigated the effect of donor age on growth kinetics, cellular senescence marker levels, and osteogenic and adipogenic potential of hASCs. It also has been known that, during life, organisms accumulate oxidative damage that negatively affects cell metabolism. Taking this into consideration, we evaluated the levels of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and superoxide dismutase activity. We observed that ROS and NO increase with aging, while SOD activity is significantly reduced. Moreover cells obtained from older patients displayed senescence associated features, for example, β-galactosidase activity, enlarged morphology, and p53 protein upregulation. All of those characteristics seem to contribute to decreased proliferation potential of those cells. Our results suggest that due to aging some cellular modification may be required before applying aged cells efficiently in therapies such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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68
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Castorina A, Szychlinska MA, Marzagalli R, Musumeci G. Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapy as a potential treatment in neurodegenerative disorders: is the escape from senescence an answer? Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:850-8. [PMID: 26199588 PMCID: PMC4498333 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.158352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor contributing to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. In the United States, over 35 million of elderly people suffer from age-related diseases. Aging impairs the self-repair ability of neuronal cells, which undergo progressive deterioration. Once initiated, this process hampers the already limited regenerative power of the central nervous system, making the search for new therapeutic strategies particularly difficult in elderly affected patients. So far, mesenchymal stem cells have proven to be a viable option to ameliorate certain aspects of neurodegeneration, as they possess high proliferative rate and differentiate in vitro into multiple lineages. However, accumulating data have demonstrated that during long-term culture, mesenchymal stem cells undergo spontaneous transformation. Transformed mesenchymal stem cells show typical features of senescence, including the progressive shortening of telomers, which results in cell loss and, as a consequence, hampered regenerative potential. These evidences, in line with those observed in mesenchymal stem cells isolated from old donors, suggest that senescence may represent a limit to mesenchymal stem cells exploitation in therapy, prompting scholars to either find alternative sources of pluripotent cells or to arrest the age-related transformation. In the present review, we summarize findings from recent literature, and critically discuss some of the major hurdles encountered in the search of appropriate sources of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as benefits arising from their use in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we provide some insights that may aid in the development of strategies to arrest or, at least, delay the aging of mesenchymal stem cells to improve their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Castorina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Rubina Marzagalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
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69
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Dulamea AO. The potential use of mesenchymal stem cells in stroke therapy--From bench to bedside. J Neurol Sci 2015; 352:1-11. [PMID: 25818674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The rationale for the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in stroke is based on the capacity of MSCs to secrete a large variety of bioactive molecules such as growth factors, cytokines and chemokines leading to reduction of inflammation, increased neurogenesis from the germinative niches of central nervous system, increased angiogenesis, effects on astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and axons. This review presents the data derived from experimental studies and the evidence available from clinical trials about the use of MSCs in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Octaviana Dulamea
- U.M.F. "Carol Davila", Fundeni Clinical Institute, Department of Neurology, 258 Sos. Fundeni, Sector 2, Bucharest, Romania.
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70
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Amiri F, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Roudkenar MH. In vitro augmentation of mesenchymal stem cells viability in stressful microenvironments : In vitro augmentation of mesenchymal stem cells viability. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:237-51. [PMID: 25527070 PMCID: PMC4326383 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are under intensive investigation for use in cell-based therapies because their differentiation abilities, immunomodulatory effects, and homing properties offer potential for significantly augmenting regenerative capacity of many tissues. Nevertheless, major impediments to their therapeutic application, such as low proliferation and survival rates remain as obstacles to broad clinical use of MSCs. Another major challenge to evolution of MSC-based therapies is functional degradation of these cells as a result of their exposure to oxidative stressors during isolation. Indeed, oxidative stress-mediated MSC depletion occurs due to inflammatory processes associated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and expression of pro-apoptotic factors, and the microenvironment of damaged tissue in patients receiving MSC therapy is typically therapeutic not favorable to their survival. For this reason, any strategies that enhance the viability and proliferative capacity of MSCs associated with their therapeutic use are of great value. Here, recent strategies used by various researchers to improve MSC allograft function are reviewed, with particular focus on in vitro conditioning of MSCs in preparation for clinical application. Preconditioning, genetic manipulation, and optimization of MSC culture conditions are some examples of the methodologies described in the present article, along with novel strategies such as treatment of MSCs with secretome and MSC-derived microvesicles. This topic material is likely to find value as a guide for both research and clinical use of MSC allografts and for improvement of the value that use of these cells brings to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amiri
- />Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- />Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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71
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Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice via autophagy activation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8616. [PMID: 25722117 PMCID: PMC4342568 DOI: 10.1038/srep08616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for chronic liver failure, although it is complicated by donor shortage, surgery-related complications, and immunological rejection. Cell transplantation is an alternative, minimally invasive treatment option with potentially fewer complications. We used human palatine tonsil as a novel source of mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs) and examined their ability to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vivo and in vitro. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) mouse model was used to investigate the ability of T-MSCs to home to the site of liver injury. T-MSCs were only detected in the damaged liver, suggesting that they are disease-responsive. Differentiation of T-MSCs into hepatocyte-like cells was confirmed in vitro as determined by expression of hepatocyte markers. Next, we showed resolution of liver fibrosis by T-MSCs via reduction of TGF-β expression and collagen deposition in the liver. We hypothesized that autophagy activation was a possible mechanism for T-MSC-mediated liver recovery. In this report, we demonstrate for the first time that T-MSCs can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells and ameliorate liver fibrosis via autophagy activation and down-regulation of TGF-β. These findings suggest that T-MSCs could be used as a novel source for stem cell therapy targeting liver diseases.
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72
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Zack-Williams SDL, Butler PE, Kalaskar DM. Current progress in use of adipose derived stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:51-64. [PMID: 25621105 PMCID: PMC4300936 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike central nervous system neurons; those in the peripheral nervous system have the potential for full regeneration after injury. Following injury, recovery is controlled by schwann cells which replicate and modulate the subsequent immune response. The level of nerve recovery is strongly linked to the severity of the initial injury despite the significant advancements in imaging and surgical techniques. Multiple experimental models have been used with varying successes to augment the natural regenerative processes which occur following nerve injury. Stem cell therapy in peripheral nerve injury may be an important future intervention to improve the best attainable clinical results. In particular adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells similar to bone marrow derived stem cells, which are thought to have neurotrophic properties and the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. They are ubiquitous within adipose tissue; they can form many structures resembling the mature adult peripheral nervous system. Following early in vitro work; multiple small and large animal in vivo models have been used in conjunction with conduits, autografts and allografts to successfully bridge the peripheral nerve gap. Some of the ADSC related neuroprotective and regenerative properties have been elucidated however much work remains before a model can be used successfully in human peripheral nerve injury (PNI). This review aims to provide a detailed overview of progress made in the use of ADSC in PNI, with discussion on the role of a tissue engineered approach for PNI repair.
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73
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Choudhery MS, Badowski M, Muise A, Pierce J, Harris DT. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Utility Is Independent of Anatomical Harvest Site. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:131-45. [PMID: 26309790 PMCID: PMC4497709 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to obtain suitably large cell numbers for therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can easily be expanded in vitro to obtain large numbers of cells, but this approach may induce cellular senescence. The characteristics of cells are dependent on variables like age, body mass index (BMI), and disease conditions, however, and in the case of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs), anatomical harvest site is also an important variable that can affect the regenerative potential of isolated cells. We therefore had kept the parameters (age, BMI, disease conditions) constant in this study to specifically assess influence of anatomical sites of individual donors on utility of ASCs. Adipose tissue was obtained from multiple anatomical sites in individual donors, and viability and nucleated cell yield were determined. MSC frequency was enumerated using colony forming unit assay and cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Growth characteristics were determined by long-term population doubling analysis of each sample. Finally, MSCs were induced to undergo adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. To validate the findings, these results were compared with similar single harvest sites from multiple individual patients. The results of the current study indicated that MSCs obtained from multiple harvest sites in a single donor have similar morphology and phenotype. All adipose depots in a single donor exhibited similar MSC yield, viability, frequency, and growth characteristics. Equivalent differentiation capacity into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes was also observed. On the basis of results, we conclude that it is acceptable to combine MSCs obtained from various anatomical locations in a single donor to obtain suitably large cell numbers required for therapy, avoiding in vitro senescence and lengthy and expensive in vitro culturing and expansion steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S. Choudhery
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Advance Research Center of Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael Badowski
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Angela Muise
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - John Pierce
- Aesthetic Surgery of Tucson, Tucson, Arizona
| | - David T. Harris
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Address correspondence to: David T. Harris, PhD, Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, PO Box 245221, Tucson, AZ 85724, E-mail:
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Mahmood R, Choudhery MS, Mehmood A, Khan SN, Riazuddin S. In Vitro Differentiation Potential of Human Placenta Derived Cells into Skin Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:841062. [PMID: 26229539 PMCID: PMC4502554 DOI: 10.1155/2015/841062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin autografting is the most viable and aesthetic technique for treatment of extensive burns; however, this practice has potential limitations. Harvesting cells from neonatal sources (such as placental tissue) is a simple, inexpensive, and noninvasive procedure. In the current study authors sought to evaluate in vitro potential of human placenta derived stem cells to develop into skin-like cells. After extensive washing, amniotic membrane and umbilical cord tissue were separated to harvest amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), respectively. Both types of cells were characterized for the expression of embryonic lineage markers and their growth characteristics were determined. AECs and UC-MSCs were induced to differentiate into keratinocytes-like and dermal fibroblasts-like cells, respectively. After induction, morphological changes were detected by microscopy. The differentiation potential was further assessed using immunostaining and RT-PCR analyses. AECs were positive for cytokeratins and E-Cadherin while UC-MSCs were positive for fibroblast specific makers. AECs differentiated into keratinocytes-like cells showed positive expression of keratinocyte specific cytokeratins, involucrin, and loricrin. UC-MSCs differentiated into dermal fibroblast-like cells indicated expression of collagen type 3, desmin, FGF-7, fibroblast activation protein alpha, procollagen-1, and vimentin. In conclusion, placenta is a potential source of cells to develop into skin-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhma Mahmood
- 1National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- 2University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Ruhma Mahmood:
| | - Mahmood S. Choudhery
- 1National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- 3Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Azra Mehmood
- 1National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen N. Khan
- 1National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- 1National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- 4Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
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75
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Mixed effects of long-term frozen storage on cord tissue stem cells. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1313-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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76
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Mahaira LG, Katsara O, Pappou E, Iliopoulou EG, Fortis S, Antsaklis A, Fotinopoulos P, Baxevanis CN, Papamichail M, Perez SA. IGF2BP1 expression in human mesenchymal stem cells significantly affects their proliferation and is under the epigenetic control of TET1/2 demethylases. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2501-12. [PMID: 24915579 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of cells harboring in many tissues with the ability to differentiate toward many different lineages. Unraveling the molecular profile of MSCs is of great importance due to the fact that these cells are very often used in preclinical and clinical studies. We have previously reported the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) an oncofetal mRNA-binding protein-in different stem cell types such as bone marrow (BM)-MSC and umbilical cord blood (UCB)-hematopoietic stem cells. Here, we demonstrate that MSCs of adipose tissue, BM, and UC origin have a differential pattern of IGF2BP1 and ten-eleven-translocate 1/2 (TET1/2) expression that could correlate with their proliferation potential. Upon IGF2BP1 interference, a significant reduction of cell proliferation is observed, accompanied by reduced expression of c-MYC and GLI1 and increased p21. We also present, for the first time, evidence that IGF2BP1 is epigenetically regulated by TET1 and TET2 demethylases. Specifically, we show that TET1 directly binds to the promoter of IGF2BP1 gene and affects the hydroxymethylation status of its promoter. These results indicate that IGF2BP1 and TET1/2 contribute to the stemness of MSCs, at least regarding their proliferative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa G Mahaira
- 1 Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital , Athens, Greece
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Yamaguchi DT. “Ins” and “Outs” of mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:94-110. [PMID: 24772237 PMCID: PMC3999785 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair and regeneration of bone requires mesenchymal stem cells that by self-renewal, are able to generate a critical mass of cells with the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts that can produce bone protein matrix (osteoid) and enable its mineralization. The number of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) diminishes with age and ex vivo replication of hMSCs has limited potential. While propagating hMSCs under hypoxic conditions may maintain their ability to self-renew, the strategy of using human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) to allow for hMSCs to prolong their replicative lifespan is an attractive means of ensuring a critical mass of cells with the potential to differentiate into various mesodermal structural tissues including bone. However, this strategy must be tempered by the oncogenic potential of TERT-transformed cells, or their ability to enhance already established cancers, the unknown differentiating potential of high population doubling hMSCs and the source of hMSCs (e.g., bone marrow, adipose-derived, muscle-derived, umbilical cord blood, etc.) that may provide peculiarities to self-renewal, differentiation, and physiologic function that may differ from non-transformed native cells. Tissue engineering approaches to use hMSCs to repair bone defects utilize the growth of hMSCs on three-dimensional scaffolds that can either be a base on which hMSCs can attach and grow or as a means of sequestering growth factors to assist in the chemoattraction and differentiation of native hMSCs. The use of whole native extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by hMSCs, rather than individual ECM components, appear to be advantageous in not only being utilized as a three-dimensional attachment base but also in appropriate orientation of cells and their differentiation through the growth factors that native ECM harbor or in simulating growth factor motifs. The origin of native ECM, whether from hMSCs from young or old individuals is a critical factor in “rejuvenating” hMSCs from older individuals grown on ECM from younger individuals.
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78
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Automated Enumeration and Viability Measurement of Canine Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells Using Fluorescence-Based Image Cytometry Method. J Fluoresc 2014; 24:983-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-014-1388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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79
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Wang ZH, Li XL, He XJ, Wu BJ, Xu M, Chang HM, Zhang XH, Xing Z, Jing XH, Kong DM, Kou XH, Yang YY. Delivery of the Sox9 gene promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in an in vitro model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:279-86. [PMID: 24652327 PMCID: PMC4075291 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SRY-related high-mobility-group box 9 (Sox9) gene is a cartilage-specific
transcription factor that plays essential roles in chondrocyte differentiation and
cartilage formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of
genetic delivery of Sox9 to enhance chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical
cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). After they were isolated from
human umbilical cord blood within 24 h after delivery of neonates, hUC-MSCs were
untreated or transfected with a human Sox9-expressing plasmid or an empty vector. The
cells were assessed for morphology and chondrogenic differentiation. The isolated
cells with a fibroblast-like morphology in monolayer culture were positive for the
MSC markers CD44, CD105, CD73, and CD90, but negative for the differentiation markers
CD34, CD45, CD19, CD14, or major histocompatibility complex class II. Sox9
overexpression induced accumulation of sulfated proteoglycans, without altering the
cellular morphology. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that genetic delivery of Sox9
markedly enhanced the expression of aggrecan and type II collagen in hUC-MSCs
compared with empty vector-transfected counterparts. Reverse transcription-polymerase
chain reaction analysis further confirmed the elevation of aggrecan and type II
collagen at the mRNA level in Sox9-transfected cells. Taken together, short-term Sox9
overexpression facilitates chondrogenesis of hUC-MSCs and may thus have potential
implications in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X L Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X J He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - B J Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - M Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - H M Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - X H Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Z Xing
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - X H Jing
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - D M Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X H Kou
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Y Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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80
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Choudhery MS, Badowski M, Muise A, Pierce J, Harris DT. Cryopreservation of whole adipose tissue for future use in regenerative medicine. J Surg Res 2014; 187:24-35. [PMID: 24268882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose tissue (AT) is an ideal stem cell source for autologous cell-based therapies. The preferred setting for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications is the availability of clinically acceptable off-the-shelf cells and cell products. As AT is not always available for use, cryopreserved tissue represents an alternative approach. The aim of the present study was to compare the different properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from cryopreserved AT. We have measured cell recovery, viability, phenotype, proliferative potential, and differentiation into mesenchymal (adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic) and nonmesenchymal (neuron-like cells) lineages. MATERIALS AND METHODS AT (n = 10) was harvested from donors and either processed fresh or cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen dewars. Both fresh and thawed tissues were enzymatically digested. MSCs were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting for CD3, CD14, CD19, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD73, CD90, and CD105 expression. Growth characteristics of both groups were investigated for population doublings, doubling time, saturation density, and plating efficiency. MSCs derived from fresh and thawed tissues were assessed for differentiation potential both qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS Adherent cells from fresh and thawed tissues displayed similar fibroblastic morphology. Cryopreservation did not alter expression of phenotypic markers. Similarly, the proliferative potential of MSCs was not compromised by cryopreservation. Furthermore, cryopreservation did not alter the differentiation capability of MSCs as determined with histochemistry, immunofluorescence, and real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that human AT could be successfully cryopreserved for future clinical application and the recovered MSCs were equivalent in functionality to the freshly processed MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S Choudhery
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Centre of Research in Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael Badowski
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Angela Muise
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - John Pierce
- Aesthetic Surgery of Tucson, Tucson, Arizona
| | - David T Harris
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
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Herrmann RP, Sturm MJ. Adult human mesenchymal stromal cells and the treatment of graft versus host disease. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2014; 7:45-52. [PMID: 24627644 PMCID: PMC3945047 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s37506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Graft versus host disease is a difficult and potentially lethal complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It occurs with minor human leucocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch and is normally treated with corticosteroid and other immunosuppressive therapy. When it is refractory to steroid therapy, mortality approaches 80%. Mesenchymal stromal cells are rare cells found in bone marrow and other tissues. They can be expanded in culture and possess complex and diverse immunomodulatory activity. Moreover, human mesenchymal stromal cells carry low levels of class 1 and no class 2 HLA antigens, making them immunoprivileged and able to be used without HLA matching. Their use in steroid-refractory graft versus host disease was first described in 2004. Subsequently, they have been used in a number of Phase I and II trials in acute and chronic graft versus host disease trials with success. We discuss their mode of action, the results, their production, and potential dangers with a view to future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Herrmann
- Cell and Tissue Therapies, Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marian J Sturm
- Cell and Tissue Therapies, Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth, WA, Australia
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Stem Cell Banking for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine. Biomedicines 2014; 2:50-79. [PMID: 28548060 PMCID: PMC5423479 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines2010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and gene therapy offer the opportunity to treat and cure many of today’s intractable afflictions. These approaches to personalized medicine often utilize stem cells to accomplish these goals. However, stem cells can be negatively affected by donor variables such as age and health status at the time of collection, compromising their efficacy. Stem cell banking offers the opportunity to cryogenically preserve stem cells at their most potent state for later use in these applications. Practical stem cell sources include bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and tissue, and adipose tissue. Each of these sources contains stem cells that can be obtained from most individuals, without too much difficulty and in an economical fashion. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each stem cell source, factors to be considered when contemplating banking each stem cell source, the methodology required to bank each stem cell source, and finally, current and future clinical uses of each stem cell source.
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83
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Choudhery MS, Badowski M, Muise A, Pierce J, Harris DT. Donor age negatively impacts adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell expansion and differentiation. J Transl Med 2014; 12:8. [PMID: 24397850 PMCID: PMC3895760 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose tissue is an ideal autologous source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for various regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies. Aged patients are one of the primary target populations for many promising applications. It has long been known that advanced age is negatively correlated with an organism's reparative and regenerative potential, but little and conflicting information is available about the effects of age on the quality of human adipose tissue derived MSCs (hAT-MSCs). METHODS To study the influence of age, the expansion and in vitro differentiation potential of hAT-MSCs from young (<30 years), adult (35-50 years) and aged (>60 years) individuals were investigated. MSCs were characterized for expression of the genes p16(INK4a) and p21 along with measurements of population doublings (PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, cellular senescence and differentiation potential. RESULTS Aged MSCs displayed senescent features when compared with cells isolated from young donors, concomitant with reduced viability and proliferation. These features were also associated with significantly reduced differentiation potential in aged MSCs compared to young MSCs. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, advancing age negatively impacts stem cell function and such age related alterations may be detrimental for successful stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S Choudhery
- Advanced Centre of Research in Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, PO Box 245221, 85724, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Badowski
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, PO Box 245221, 85724, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Angela Muise
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, PO Box 245221, 85724, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - John Pierce
- Aesthetic Surgery of Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David T Harris
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, PO Box 245221, 85724, Tucson, AZ, USA
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