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Liu S, Cui S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Mi G, Gao Q. Synergistic Regulation of Nitrogen and Sulfur on Redox Balance of Maize Leaves and Amino Acids Balance of Grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:576718. [PMID: 33343592 PMCID: PMC7746645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.576718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a primary food crop, maize is widely grown around the world. However, the deficiency of essential amino acids, such as lysine, tryptophan, and methionine, results in poor nutritional quality of maize. In addition, the protein concentration of maize declines with the increase in yield, which further reduces the nutritional quality. Here, the photosynthesis of leaves, grain amino acid composition, and stoichiometry of N and S are explored. The results show that N and S maintained the redox balance by increasing the content of glutathione in maize leaves, thereby enhancing the photosynthetic rate and maize yield. Simultaneously, the synergy of N and S increased the grain protein concentration and promoted amino acid balance by increasing the cysteine concentration in maize grains. The maize yield, grain protein concentration, and concentration of essential amino acids, such as lysine, tryptophan, and methionine, could be simultaneously increased in the N:S ratio range of 11.0 to 12.0. Overall, the synergy of N and S simultaneously improved the maize yield and nutritional quality by regulating the redox balance of maize leaves and the amino acids balance of grains, which provides a new theoretical basis and practical method for sustainable production of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in The Commodity Grain Bases of Jilin Province, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in The Commodity Grain Bases of Jilin Province, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in The Commodity Grain Bases of Jilin Province, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in The Commodity Grain Bases of Jilin Province, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guohua Mi
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in The Commodity Grain Bases of Jilin Province, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Zakari S, Liu W, Wu J, Singh AK, Jiang X, Yang B, Chen C, Zhu X. Decay and erosion-related transport of sulfur compounds in soils of rubber based agroforestry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 274:111200. [PMID: 32818828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur is intensively used to control weeds and rubber leaf diseases. However, the mechanisms contributing to elemental sulfur dissipation and decay (hereafter decay) in rubber agroforestry remains unclear. This study relates hydrological processes such as runoff and soil loss to the changes in soil total sulfur (Stot) and sulfate (S-SO4) in typical hillslope rubber agroforestry intercropped with cocoa in Xishuangbanna. The elemental sulfur decay kinetics were studied at two slopes (top and bottom) and three agrosystems (weed, no-weed and mixed). The results show that soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity was uniformly distributed in the experimental rubber agroforestry settings. Higher soil loss and runoff occurred in the bottom slope than the top slope, and in no-weed agrosystem than the herbaceous agrosystems (weed and mixed). The soil loss was mainly driven by runoff. Moreover, Stot and S-SO4 in runoff water were higher in weed agrosystem than no-weed agrosystems. Soil Stot best fit a two-compartments kinetics model, with lower kinetic rates in elemental sulfur applied treatments than in the no-added elemental sulfur treatments, particularly for the weed agrosystem. The soil Stot dissipation time 50% (DT50) was 10-14 times higher in top slope than bottom slope; but 4 and 20 times higher in mixed and no-weed agrosystems, respectively, compared to the weed agrosystem. The soil Stot and S-SO4 contents negatively correlated with soil microbial respiration (CO2 efflux), indicating an adverse influence of elemental sulfur on soil microbial activity. In short, elemental sulfur decay and its S-SO4 transformation depended on soil moisture, runoff, soil erosion and soil CO2, which are in turn affected by slope and agrosystem. This study not only clarifies the mechanisms of elemental sulfur dissipation and decay for its use as an environmental friendly agrochemical; but it also provides information to understand the contribution of runoff and soil loss on these mechanisms in rubber agroforestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissou Zakari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Laboratory of Hydraulics and Environmental Modeling (HydroModE-Lab), Faculté D'Agronomie, Université de Parakou, 03 BP 351, Parakou, Benin
| | - Wenjie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China.
| | - Junen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Singh
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Xiaojin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Chunfeng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Xiai Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
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A Review on Practical Application and Potentials of Phytohormone-Producing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Inducing Heavy Metal Tolerance in Crops. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Water scarcity and high input costs have compelled farmers to use untreated wastewater and industrial effluents to increase profitability of their farms. Normally, these effluents improve crop productivity by serving as carbon source for microbes, providing nutrients to plants and microbes, and improving soil physicochemical and biological properties. They, however, may also contain significant concentrations of potential heavy metals, the main inorganic pollutants affecting plant systems, in addition to soil deterioration. The continuous use of untreated industrial wastes and agrochemicals may lead to accumulation of phytotoxic concentration of heavy metals in soils. Phytotoxic concentration of heavy metals in soils has been reported in Pakistan along the road sides and around metropolitan areas, which may cause its higher accumulation in edible plant parts. A number of bacterial that can induce heavy metal tolerance in plants due to their ability to produce phytohormones strains have been reported. Inoculation of crop plants with these microbes can help to improve their growth and productivity under normal, as well as stressed, conditions. This review reports the recent developments in heavy metal pollution as one of the major inorganic sources, the response of plants to these contaminants, and heavy metal stress mitigation strategies. We have also summarized the exogenous application of phytohormones and, more importantly, the use of phytohormone-producing, heavy metal-tolerant rhizobacteria as one of the recent tools to deal with heavy metal contamination and improvement in productivity of agricultural systems.
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Impact of Coating of Urea with Bacillus-Augmented Zinc Oxide on Wheat Grown under Salinity Stress. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101375. [PMID: 33076519 PMCID: PMC7602814 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) availability is limited in salt-affected soils due to high soil pH and calcium concentrations causing Zn fixation. The application of synthetic Zn fertilizer is usually discouraged due to the high cost and low Zn use efficiency. However, salt-tolerant Zn-solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) are capable of solubilizing fixed fractions of Zn and improving fertilizer use efficiency. In the current study, a product was formulated by coating urea with bioaugmented zinc oxide (ZnO) to improve wheat productivity under a saline environment. The promising ZSB strain Bacillus sp. AZ6 was used for bioaugmentation on ZnO powder and termed as Bacillus sp. AZ6-augmented ZnO (BAZ). The experiment was conducted in pots by applying urea granules after coating with BAZ, to evaluate its effects on wheat physiology, antioxidant activity, and productivity under saline (100 mM NaCl) and non-saline (0 mM NaCl) conditions. The results revealed that the application of BAZ-coated urea alleviated salt stress through improving the seed germination, plant height, root length, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value, number of tillers and grains, spike length, spike weight, 1000-grain weight, antioxidant activity (APX, GPX, GST, GR, CAT, and SOD), and NPK contents in the straw and grains of the wheat plants. Moreover, it also enhanced the Zn contents in the shoots and grains of wheat by up to 29.1 and 16.5%, respectively, over absolute control, under saline conditions. The relationships and variation among all the studied morpho-physio and biochemical attributes of wheat were also studied by principal component (PC) and correlation analysis. Hence, the application of such potential products may enhance nutrient availability and Zn uptake in wheat under salt stress. Therefore, the current study suggests the application of BAZ-coated urea for enhancing wheat’s physiology, antioxidant system, nutrient efficiency, and productivity effectively and economically.
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Liu M, Zhao Z, Wang L, Xiao Y. Influences of rice straw biochar and organic manure on forage soybean nutrient and Cd uptake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 23:53-63. [PMID: 33049150 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1789843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This pot experiment aimed to investigate the influence of rice straw biochar (BC 0, 1, and 3%, w/w) and organic manure (OM 0, 1, and 2%, w/w) addition on the growth, nutrient and cadmium (Cd) uptake of forage soybean in 10 mg Cd kg-1 contaminated soils. Compared with non-biochar treatments, biochar decreased shoot biomass, height and nitrogen (N) contents. Organic manure markedly increased the shoot biomass, shoot phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentration, and root N, P, Ca contents without biochar addition treatments, while in the case of 3% biochar, there were no significant effects on N, K, Ca, and Mg contents of shoot and root among organic manure treatments. In comparison with other treatments, the minimum Cd content of shoots and roots both occurred in the treatment of BC3%+OM2%, while shoot Cd content reached the maximum value in OM2% treatment. Thus, these results suggested that organic manure addition can elevate forage soybean yield and nutrient content, while biochar had no positive effects. High biochar (3%) addition in combination with highest dose of organic manure (2%) can decline the Cd content of soybean and contribute to the agricultural product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Liu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuojun Zhao
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leqi Wang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Radziemska M, Bęś A, Gusiatin ZM, Sikorski Ł, Brtnicky M, Majewski G, Liniauskienė E, Pecina V, Datta R, Bilgin A, Mazur Z. Successful Outcome of Phytostabilization in Cr(VI) Contaminated Soils Amended with Alkalizing Additives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6073. [PMID: 32825498 PMCID: PMC7503857 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study analysed the effect of three alkalizing soil amendments (limestone, dolomite chalcedonite) on aided phytostabilization with Festuca rubra L. depending on the hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) level in contaminated soil. Four different levels of Cr(VI) were added to the soil (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). The Cr contents in the plant roots and above-ground parts and the soil (total and extracted Cr by 0.01 M CaCl2) were determined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The phytotoxicity of the soil was also determined. Soil amended with chalcedonite significantly increased F. rubra biomass. Chalcedonite and limestone favored a considerable accumulation of Cr in the roots. The application of dolomite and limestone to soil contaminated with Cr(VI) contributed to a significant increase in pH values and was found to be the most effective in reducing total Cr and CaCl2-extracted Cr contents from the soil. F. rubra in combination with a chalcedonite amendment appears to be a promising solution for phytostabilization of Cr(VI)-contaminated areas. The use of this model can contribute to reducing human exposure to Cr(VI) and its associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Radziemska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Bęś
- Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 4, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.B.); (Ł.S.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zygmunt M. Gusiatin
- Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna St. 45G, 10 719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Sikorski
- Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 4, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.B.); (Ł.S.); (Z.M.)
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkynova 118, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Grzegorz Majewski
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ernesta Liniauskienė
- Kaunas Forestry and Environmental Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Liepu str. 1, Girionys, LT-53101 Kaunas reg., Lithuania;
| | - Václav Pecina
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkynova 118, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Ayla Bilgin
- Faculty of Engineering, Artvin Coruh University, Seyitler Campus, 08000 Artvin, Turkey;
| | - Zbigniew Mazur
- Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 4, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.B.); (Ł.S.); (Z.M.)
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