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Sofidiya MO, Taiwo E, Awolola V, Habila J, Koorbanally NA. Gastroprotective Effect and Chemical Constituents of Flabellaria paniculata (Malpighiaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19860342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves from Flabellaria paniculata Cav (Malpighiaceae) are used in traditional medicine for wound dressing, and to treat ulcers and inflammation in Nigeria. The present study evaluates the gastroprotective activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanolic leaf extract and reports on the chemical constituents from the fraction. The methanolic crude extract and solvent fractions (100 mg/kg, PO) were screened using an ethanol-induced ulcer model. The activity of the most active EtOAc fraction (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, PO) was further evaluated in indomethacin and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer models. The EtOAc fraction was chromatographed and chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The MeOH extract of F. paniculata and EtOAc fraction from this extract displayed significant gastroprotective effects. Two triterpenoids (friedelin and friedelinol), two steroids (sitosterol and sitosterol-β-d-glucoside), and a flavonoid glycoside (kaempferol-3- O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside) were identified from the EtOAc fraction. This is the first report on the isolation of these compounds from the plant. The identified compounds could be responsible in part for the observed gastroprotective effect of the EtOAc fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Taiwo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Victoria Awolola
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - James Habila
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Neil A. Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Comparative study of secondary metabolites and bioactive properties of the lichen Cladonia foliacea with and without the lichenicolous fungus Heterocephalacria bachmannii. Symbiosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Machado NM, Ribeiro AB, Nicolella HD, Ozelin SD, Silva LHDD, Guissone APP, Rinaldi-Neto F, Lemos ILL, Furtado RA, Cunha WR, Rezende AAAD, Spanó MA, Tavares DC. Usnic acid attenuates genomic instability in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as chemical-induced preneoplastic lesions in rat colon. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:401-410. [PMID: 31066341 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1613274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Usnic acid (UA) is one of the pharmacologically most important compounds produced by several lichen species. To better understand the mechanism of action (MOA) of this important substance, this study examined the genotoxicity attributed to UA and its influence on mutagens with varying MOA using the micronucleus (MN) test in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). Additional experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of UA on colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats employing the aberrant crypt focus (ACF) assay. In vitro studies showed a significant increase in the frequency of MN in cultures treated with the highest UA concentration tested (87.13 µM). In contrast, UA concentrations of 10.89, 21.78, or 43.56 µM produced an approximate 60% reduction in chromosomal damage induced by doxorubicin, hydrogen peroxide, and etoposide, indicating an antigenotoxic effect. In the ACF assay, male Wistar rats treated with different UA doses (3.125, 12.5, or 50 mg/kg b.w.) and with the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine exhibited a significantly lower incidence of neoplastic lesions in the colon than animals treated only with the carcinogen. Data suggest that the MOA responsible for the chemopreventive effect of UA may be related to interaction with DNA topoisomerase II and/or the antioxidant potential of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayane Moreira Machado
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , MG , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre Azenha Alves De Rezende
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , MG , Brazil
- c Faculty of Integrated Sciences of Pontal , Federal University of Uberlândia , Ituiutaba , MG , Brazil
| | - Mário Antônio Spanó
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , MG , Brazil
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Ara J, Bajgai J, Sajo MEJ, Fadriquela A, Kim CS, Kim SK, Lee KJ. The immunological and oxidative stress regulation of non-thermal plasma-aided water on atopic dermatitis-like lesion in dinitrochlorobenzene-induced SKH-1 hairless mice. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lim JM, Song CH, Park SJ, Park DC, Jung GW, Cho HR, Bashir KMI, Ku SK, Choi JS. Protective effects of triple fermented barley extract (FBe) on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:49. [PMID: 30786935 PMCID: PMC6383278 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hordeum vulgare L (barley) contains numerous phenolic substances with proven anticancer, antioxidant and gastroprotective activities. Saccharification increases the functionality and bioavailability of these compounds thus can aid in the development of a natural product based medicine. This study aimed to investigate the possible gastroprotective effects of saccharification on the indomethacin (IND)-induced gastric ulcers in rats using Weissella cibaria- and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-triple fermented H. vulgare extract (FBe). METHODS In total, 60 healthy male 6-week old Sprague-Dawley SD (SPF/VAF Outbred CrljOri:CD1) rats were commercially purchased. The FBe extract (100, 200, and 300 mg kg- 1) was orally administered 30 min before an oral treatment of IND (25 mg kg- 1). Six hours after IND treatment, variations in the histopathology, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, gross lesion scores, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense system component (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH)) levels were measured. RESULTS FBe treatment showed significant (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) and dose-dependent decrease in gastric mucosal damage. In the present study hemorrhagic gross lesions, gastric MPO activity, and histopathological gastric ulcerative lesions were observed in IND-treated rats compared to the IND control rats. In particular, FBe, in a dose-dependent manner, strengthened the antioxidant defense systems, decreased lipid peroxidation and CAT activity by increasing the GSH levels and SOD activity, respectively. The 200 mg kg- 1 dose of FBe was similarly gastroprotective as the 10 mg kg- 1 dose of omeprazole in rats with IND-induced gastric mucosal damage. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study show that an oral administration of FBe had positive gastroprotective effects through strengthening the body antioxidant defense system and anti-inflammatory effects.
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AbdulSalam H, Hassan Kha HAER. Potential Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Gastroprotective Effect of Grape Seed Extract in Indomethacin-induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.209.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lee Y, Cho IJ, Kim JW, Lee M, Ku SK, Choi J, Lee H. Hepatoprotective effects of blue honeysuckle on CCl 4-induced acute liver damaged mice. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:322-338. [PMID: 30680187 PMCID: PMC6341158 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of blue honeysuckle (BH) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatic damage in mice. The experiment used a total of 60 ICR mice, which were divided into six groups. Except for the intact control groups, all groups received a single intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 after a 7 day pre-treatment period with distilled water, BH extracts, or silymarin. Twenty-four hours after the CCl4 injection, the following observations, representative of classical oxidative stress-mediated centrolobular necrotic acute liver injuries, were observed: decreased body weight; small nodule formation and enlargement on the gross inspections with related liver weight increase; elevation of serum AST and ALT, increases in hepatic lipid peroxidation and related depletion of endogenous antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes; centrolobular necrosis; increases in apoptotic markers, lipid peroxidation markers, and oxidative stress markers. However, liver damage was significantly inhibited by the pre-treatment with BH extracts. The present study demonstrated that oral administration of BH extracts prior to exposure to CCl4 conferred favorable hepatoprotective effects. These results demonstrated that BHe possessed suitable properties for use as a potent hepatoprotective medicinal food.
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Affiliation(s)
- You‐Suk Lee
- Department of Food and NutritionCollege of BioNano TechnologyGachon UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Il Je Cho
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal FormulationDepartment of Herbal FormulationCollege of Oriental MedicineDaegu Haany UniversityGyeongsan‐siGyeongdanuk‐doKorea
| | | | - Min‐Ki Lee
- Department of Physical EducationKongju National UniversityKongju‐siChngcheongnam‐doKorea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and HistologyCollege of Korean MedicineDaegu Haany UniversityGyeongsan‐siGyeongdanuk‐doKorea
| | - Jae‐Suk Choi
- Division of BioindustryCollege of Medical and Life SciencesSilla UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Hae‐Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and NutritionCollege of BioNano TechnologyGachon UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
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Phytochemical and biological evaluation of metabolites produced by alginate-immobilized Bionts isolated from the lichen Cladonia substellata vain. Fitoterapia 2018; 131:23-34. [PMID: 30304706 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, new biotechnological procedures have been optimized on the basis of immobilization in alginate of bionts isolated from the lichen C. substellata. From these immobilizates, soluble and biologically active phenolics can be obtained. During bionts-immobilization, stictic, norstictic and usnic acids were secreted to the medium. The amount produced of each of them differed depending on the immobilization time, the precursor supplied and the type of biont used. Greater amounts of stictic acid were detected and maintained over time in all bioreactors. The opposite occurs in non-immobilized thallus. Virtually, all lichen phenols exhibit antioxidant activity to a greater or lesser degree, so that the antioxidant capacity of stictic acid (82.13% oxidation inhibition) was tested. The soluble extract of immobilized algae co-incubated in sodium acetate with fungal hyphae contained carbohydrates and exhibited a potent antioxidant capacity after 13 days of immobilization (94.87%). Therefore, attempts have been made to relate both parameters. On the other hand, the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited by phenolic compounds produced by immobilizates, although the organic extract of the whole lichen showed the highest activity due to a possible synergy with other indeterminate compounds. Thus, C. substellata immobilized bionts are a potential source of different natural antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds.
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Woo SJ, Baek KM, Jang WS. Scrophulariae Radix Aqueous Extracts Ameliorate the Pressure Overloaded Heart Failure by Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.22246/jikm.2018.39.4.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Victor K, Boris L, Athina G, Anthi P, Marija S, Marina K, Oliver R, Marina S. Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity of usnic acid derivatives. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:870-882. [PMID: 30108976 PMCID: PMC6072497 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Usnic acid, a dibenzofuran, was originally isolated from lichens producing secondary metabolites, and is well known as an antibiotic, but is also endowed with several other interesting properties. Thus, the goal of this paper is the design of new usnic acid derivatives and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. All newly synthesized compounds possess good antibacterial activity with MIC ranging from 1.02-50.93 × 10-2 mmol mL-1 and MBC from 2.05-70.57 × 10-2 mmol mL-1. The most sensitive bacterial species was Staphylococcus aureus, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were the most resistant among the ATCC strains, and MRSA was the most resistant among all tested bacteria (ATCC and clinical isolates). Their antifungal activity was very strong (MIC = 0.35-7.53 × 10-2 mmol mL-1 and MFC = 0.70-15.05 × 10-2 mmol mL-1) - better than those of reference compounds and usnic acid itself. The most sensitive fungal species was Trichoderma viride, while Penicillium versicolor var. cyclopium appeared to be the most resistant. It should be mentioned that in general most of the compounds showed weaker antibacterial activity, but better antifungal properties than usnic acid itself. The results allow us to conclude that the title compounds are good lead compounds for novel more active antibacterial drugs. On the other hand, these compounds are very promising as antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lichitsky Boris
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Leninsky Prospect , 119991 , Moscow , Russia .
| | - Geronikaki Athina
- School of Health , Department of Pharmacy , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 , Greece
| | - Petrou Anthi
- School of Health , Department of Pharmacy , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 , Greece
| | - Smiljkovic Marija
- Mycological Laboratory , Department of Plant Physiology , Institute for Biological Research , Siniša Stanković , University of Belgrade , Bulevar Despota Stefana 142 , 11000 , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Kostic Marina
- Mycological Laboratory , Department of Plant Physiology , Institute for Biological Research , Siniša Stanković , University of Belgrade , Bulevar Despota Stefana 142 , 11000 , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Radanovic Oliver
- Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia , ul. Vojvode Toze 14 , 11000 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Soković Marina
- Mycological Laboratory , Department of Plant Physiology , Institute for Biological Research , Siniša Stanković , University of Belgrade , Bulevar Despota Stefana 142 , 11000 , Belgrade , Serbia
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Calcott MJ, Ackerley DF, Knight A, Keyzers RA, Owen JG. Secondary metabolism in the lichen symbiosis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1730-1760. [PMID: 29094129 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lichens, which are defined by a core symbiosis between a mycobiont (fungal partner) and a photobiont (photoautotrophic partner), are in fact complex assemblages of microorganisms that constitute a largely untapped source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Historically, compounds isolated from lichens have predominantly been those produced by the dominant fungal partner, and these continue to be of great interest for their unique chemistry and biotechnological potential. In recent years it has become apparent that many photobionts and lichen-associated bacteria also produce a range of potentially valuable molecules. There is evidence to suggest that the unique nature of the symbiosis has played a substantial role in shaping many aspects of lichen chemistry, for example driving bacteria to produce metabolites that do not bring them direct benefit but are useful to the lichen as a whole. This is most evident in studies of cyanobacterial photobionts, which produce compounds that differ from free living cyanobacteria and are unique to symbiotic organisms. The roles that these and other lichen-derived molecules may play in communication and maintaining the symbiosis are poorly understood at present. Nonetheless, advances in genomics, mass spectrometry and other analytical technologies are continuing to illuminate the wealth of biological and chemical diversity present within the lichen holobiome. Implementation of novel biodiscovery strategies such as metagenomic screening, coupled with synthetic biology approaches to reconstitute, re-engineer and heterologously express lichen-derived biosynthetic gene clusters in a cultivable host, offer a promising means for tapping into this hitherto inaccessible wealth of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Calcott
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
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The Effects of Acupuncture at Sobu (HT8) and Haenggan (LR2) on Scopolamine-induced Cognitive Impairment in Rat Model. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.13045/jar.2018.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Salem NA, Wahba MA, Eisa WH, El-Shamarka M, Khalil W. Silver oxide nanoparticles alleviate indomethacin-induced gastric injury: a novel antiulcer agent. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:1025-1035. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bajgai J, Fadriquela A, Ara J, Begum R, Ahmed MF, Kim CS, Kim SK, Shim KY, Lee KJ. Balneotherapeutic effects of high mineral spring water on the atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in hairless mice via immunomodulation and redox balance. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:481. [PMID: 29029618 PMCID: PMC5640926 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing allergic inflammatory skin disease that currently affects millions of children and adults worldwide. Drugs used to treat these inflammatory diseases include anti-histamines, corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors but these drugs have their limitations such as adverse effects with their long-term usage. Thus, researcher's interest in several alternative and complementary therapies are continually growing and balneotherapy is one of these approaches. Therefore, we investigate the bathing effect of high concentration mineral spring water (HMW) on redox balance and immune modulation in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis like inflammation in hairless mice. METHODS We induced AD-like inflammation by application of DNCB on the dorsal skin of female skh-1 hairless mice. The mice were treated with 100% pure HMW (PHMW) and 10% diluted HMW (DHMW) through bathing once a day for 4 weeks. Tacrolimus ointment (0.1%) was used as positive control (PC) and only DNCB treatment as negative control (NeC) group. The severity of skin lesion inflammation was assessed through clinical scoring and observing scratching behavior. Levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory cytokines in serum were detected by ELISA and multiplex bead array system, and the levels of oxidative stress-related biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme were also measured. RESULTS We found that HMW significantly decreased the scratching behavior in PHMW and DHMW groups at the 2nd week and in PHMW group at 4th week compared to NeC group. Likewise, serum IgE level was significantly decreased in DHMW group as compared to NeC group. In line, the level of inflammatory cytokines in serum such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly inhibited in PHMW and DHMW groups compared to NeC group. In parallel, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) of serum level was significantly decreased in PHMW treatment groups compared to NeC group. Consistently, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level in PHMW group was lower than in NeC group. By contrast, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly enhanced in PHMW than NeC. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study indicates a balneotherapeutic effect of HMW on DNCB-induced AD like inflammation in hairless mice via immunomodulation and redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johny Bajgai
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Ailyn Fadriquela
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Jesmin Ara
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Rahima Begum
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Md Faruk Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yong Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426 Republic of Korea
- Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development (IPAID), Yonsei University, Wonju Campus, Wonju, Gangwon 26493 Republic of Korea
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Kim MR, Kim JW, Park JB, Hong YK, Ku SK, Choi JS. Anti-obesity effects of yellow catfish protein hydrolysate on mice fed a 45% kcal high-fat diet. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:784-800. [PMID: 28713910 PMCID: PMC5548026 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes to the etiologies of a variety of comorbid conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In the present study, the anti-obesity effects of yellow catfish protein hydrolysate (YPh) were observed in mice fed a 45% kcal high-fat diet (HFD) compared with those of mice treated with simvastatin. The HFD-fed control mice exhibited noticeable increase in body weight, and whole-body and abdominal fat densities, periovarian and abdominal wall-deposited fat pad weight, as well as in the levels of triglycerides (TG), blood total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and in the fecal TG and TC contents. However, they exhibited a decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein levels. In addition, an increase was detected in periovarian and dorsal abdominally deposited fat pad thickness, adipocyte hypertrophy, the number of steatohepatitis regions, hepatocyte hypertrophy and lipid droplet deposition-related renal tubular vacuolation degenerative lesions, along with increased hepatic lipid peroxidation and a deteriorated endogenous antioxidant defense system (glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase). However, all the above-mentioned obesity-related complications were dose-dependently and significantly inhibited after 84 days of thye consecutive oral administration of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg YPh. In addition, YPh dose-dependently depleted the liver endogenous antioxidant defense system and inhibited hepatic lipid peroxidation. Overall, the effects of 250 mg/kg YPh on HFD-induced obesity and related complications were similar or more potent than those of 10 mg/kg simvastatin. These results indicate that YPh is a promising new potent medicinal ingredient for possible use in the treatment of obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ryung Kim
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958
| | - Joo-Wan Kim
- Aribio Inc., Byeoksan Digital Valley, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07286
| | - Jeong Been Park
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958
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Zhang T, Yang D, Meng X. Baicalin protects against gastroduodenal ulcers via the modulation of Nrf2 expression: Experimental, biochemical, and histological analyses. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1154-1158. [PMID: 29128794 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying the gastroprotective effects of baicalin using several animal models of chemically induced gastric ulcers. METHODS The gastroprotective effects of baicalin against ulcers induced by water immersion stress, alcohol-induced ligation, and indomethacin-induced pylorus ligation were assessed in the present study. Additionally, macroscopic evaluations were performed at the completion of the study and Western blot analyses of Nrf2 were conducted to determine the possible mechanisms of action underlying the effects of baicalin. RESULTS Compared to the effects of ranitidine in a confirmed model of indomethacin-induced ligation, treatment with various doses of baicalin resulted in significant (p <0.001) increases in protection against ulcers in a dose-dependent manner. Baicalin was 72% effective versus the reference drug and 80% effective against ethanol-induced ulcers. Additionally, in rat stomachs with pylorus ligatures, Western blot analyses revealed that baicalin was 82% protective and that cimetidine was 85% protective. Taken together, the present findings indicate that baicalin is an alternative medicine with the potential to be an effective gastroprotective agent. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that the protective effects of baicalin may be regulated via Nrf2-mediated anti-secretory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Singh DP, Borse SP, Nivsarkar M. Overcoming the exacerbating effects of ranitidine on NSAID-induced small intestinal toxicity with quercetin: Providing a complete GI solution. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:53-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ighodaro OM, Adeosun AM, Ojiko BF, Akorede AT, Fuyi-Williams O. Toxicity status and antiulcerative potential of Sansevieria trifasciata leaf extract in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2017; 6:234-239. [PMID: 28512605 PMCID: PMC5429084 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20170421103553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The lethal dose 50% (LD50) and antiulcerative potentials of Sansevieria trifasciata (ST) leaf extract were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS LD50 was determined through two routes of administration (intraperitoneal [i.p] and oral [p.o]) using the method of Lorke. The antiulcerative activity was evaluated in indomethacin-induced ulcer model (40 mg/kg body weight [BW], i.p, single dose) against a reference drug, cimetidine (100 mg/kg BW, p.o). ST was assessed at two different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg BW, p.o). Treatments were done twice daily at 8 h interval for 7 days before indomethacin administration. RESULTS The i.p LD50 was determined as 774.60 mg/kg BW and oral administration of the extract at 18,000 mg/kg BW dosage did not cause any negative behavioral changes in the animals, and no mortality was recorded after 24 h of the experiment. ST-pre-treated animals showed some improvement against indomethacin-induced ulceration. The extract curtailed indomethacin-induced reduction in gastric volume (36.1%), free acidity (55.3%), total acidity (35.6%) while minimizing the increase in pH by 13.3%. Moreover, the extract showed 17.92% and 14.96% ulcer protective ability at 200 and 400 mg/kg BW, respectively. The phytochemical analysis of ST extract revealed the presence of phytoconstituents such as glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinone, and glycosides. CONCLUSIONS ST apparently has a promising antiulcerative potential, and is safe for use in folk medicine. This valuable medicinal property is probably due to the array of important phytochemicals contained in the plant as observed in this study. However, a further study involving bioassay-guided identification of the main antiulcerative compound in ST is required to establish the use of the plant as a viable antiulcerative agent.
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Bozkurt İ, Dilek E, Erol HS, Çakir A, Hamzaoğlu E, Koç M, Keleş ON, Halici MB. Investigation on the effects of pomiferin from Maclura pomifera on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer: An experimental study in rats. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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70
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Su ZQ, Liu YH, Guo HZ, Sun CY, Xie JH, Li YC, Chen JN, Lai XP, Su ZR, Chen HM. Effect-enhancing and toxicity-reducing activity of usnic acid in ascitic tumor-bearing mice treated with bleomycin. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 46:146-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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71
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Kim CG, Lee JE, Jeong DG, Lee YH, Park SI, Lee DG, Han CH, Kang SJ, Song CH, Choi SH, Lee YJ, Ku SK. Bathing effects of east saline groundwater concentrates on allergic (atopic) dermatitis-like skin lesions induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in hairless mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3448-3466. [PMID: 28587425 PMCID: PMC5450751 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, it was evaluated whether east saline groundwater concentration solution (ESGWc) exerted a favorable inhibitory effect on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced allergic/atopic-like dermatitis (AD). AD was induced and boosted by sensitization with DNCB via topical application on the dorsal back skins. Mice with DNCB-induced AD were bathed in 100-, 200- and 400-fold diluted ESGWc. After 6 weeks bathing, changes to body weight, clinical skin severity scores, scratching behavior, serum total immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels, submandibular lymph node and spleen weights, splenic cytokine levels, skin cytokine mRNA expressions, antioxidant defense systems and superoxide anion productions were recorded to determine the effects of bathing on the histopathology of dorsal back skin tissues. All DNCB-induced mice demonstrated that the induction of AD through IgE-mediated hypersensitivities, oxidative stresses, activation of MMP and apoptosis of keratinocytes resulted in no significant differences in body weight between the different groups at each time point following initial sensitization. However, markers of DNCB-induced AD were significantly inhibited (P<0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner following bathing in all concentrations of ESGWc. The results obtained in the present study suggest that bathing in ESGWc may have favorable protective effects against DNCB-induced AD due to favorable systemic and local immunomodulatory effects, active cytoprotective anti-apoptotic effects, inhibitory effects of matrix metalloproteinase activity, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Gon Kim
- Biological Oceanography and Marine Biology Division, KIOST, Ansan, Gyeonggi 15627, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Geum Jeong
- Biological Oceanography and Marine Biology Division, KIOST, Ansan, Gyeonggi 15627, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Ho Lee
- Biological Oceanography and Marine Biology Division, KIOST, Ansan, Gyeonggi 15627, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geon Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Han
- Department of Medical History and Literature Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kang
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hun Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
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Choi JS, Kim JW, Park JB, Pyo SE, Hong YK, Ku SK, Kim MR. Blood glycemia-modulating effects of melanian snail protein hydrolysates in mice with type II diabetes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1437-1451. [PMID: 28487991 PMCID: PMC5428967 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater animal proteins have long been used as nutrient supplements. In this study, melanian snail (Semisulcospira libertina) protein hydrolysates (MPh) were found to exert anti-diabetic and protective effects against liver and kidney damage in mice with type II diabetes adapted to a 45% kcal high-fat diet (HFD). The hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of MPh were analyzed after 12 weeks of the continuous oral administration of MPh at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg. Diabetic control mice exhibited an increase in body weight, and blood glucose and insulin levels, with a decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. In addition, an increase in the regions of steatohepatitis, hepatocyte hypertrophy, and lipid droplet deposit-related renal tubular vacuolation degenerative lesions were detected, with noticeable expansion and hyperplasia of the pancreatic islets, and an increase in glucagon- and insulin-producing cells, insulin/glucagon cell ratios in the endocrine pancreas and hepatic lipid peroxidation, as well as decreased zymogen contents. Furthermore, a deterioration of the endogenous antioxidant defense system was observed, with reduced glucose utilization related hepatic glucokinase (GK) activity and an increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis-related phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase) activity. However, all of these diabetic complications were significantly inhibited by oral treatment with MPh in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the marked dose-dependent inhibition of hepatic lipid peroxidation, the depletion of the liver endogenous antioxidant defense system, and changes in hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities were also observed. The results of this study suggest that MPh exerts potent anti-diabetic effects, along with the amelioration of related complications in mice with type II diabetes. The overall effects of MPh at a dose of 125 mg/kg on HFD-induced diabetes and related complications were similar or more potent than those of metformin (250 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Suk Choi
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Wan Kim
- Aribio Inc., Byeoksan Digital Valley, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07286, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Been Park
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Pyo
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ryung Kim
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
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Fernández-Moriano C, Divakar PK, Crespo A, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Protective effects of lichen metabolites evernic and usnic acids against redox impairment-mediated cytotoxicity in central nervous system-like cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:262-277. [PMID: 28450128 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lichens species produce unique secondary metabolites that attract increasing pharmacological interest, including their redox modulatory activities. Current work evaluated for the first time the in vitro cytoprotective properties, based on the antioxidant activities, of the Parmeliaceae lichens Evernia prunastri and Usnea ghattensis and the mechanism of action of their major phenolic constituents: the evernic and usnic acids, respectively. In two models of central nervous system-like cells (U373-MG and SH-SY5Y cell lines), exogenous H2O2 induced oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity. We first assessed their radical scavenging capacities (ORAC and DPPH tests) and the phenolic content of the extracts. At the optimal concentrations, pretreatments with evernic acid displayed significant protection against H2O2-induced cytotoxic damage in both models. It reversed the alterations in oxidative stress markers (including ROS generation, glutathione system and lipid peroxidation levels) and cellular apoptosis (caspase-3 activity). Such effects were in part mediated by a notable enhancement of the expression of intracellular phase-II antioxidant enzymes; a plausible involvement of the Nrf2 cytoprotective pathway is suggested. Usnic acid exerted similar effects, to some extent more moderate. Results suggest that lichen polyketides evernic and usnic acids merit further research as promising antioxidant candidates in the therapy of oxidative stress-related diseases, including the neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernández-Moriano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pradeep Kumar Divakar
- Department of Plant Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Crespo
- Department of Plant Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Fernández-Moriano C, González-Burgos E, Divakar PK, Crespo A, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacities and Cytotoxic Effects of Ten Parmeliaceae Lichen Species. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:3169751. [PMID: 28074101 PMCID: PMC5203883 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3169751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Parmeliaceae represents the largest and widespread family of lichens and includes species that attract much interest regarding pharmacological activities, due to their production of unique secondary metabolites. The current work aimed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the methanol extracts of ten Parmeliaceae species, collected in different continents. Methanol extraction afforded high phenolic content in the extracts. The antioxidant activity displayed by lichens was evaluated through chemical assays, such as the ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). A moderately positive correlation was found between the phenolic content and the antioxidant properties for all the species: R: 0.7430 versus ORAC values, R: 0.7457 versus DPPH scavenging capacity, and R: 0.7056 versus FRAP reducing power. The methanol extract of Flavoparmelia euplecta exhibited the highest ORAC value, the extract of Myelochroa irrugans showed the maximum DPPH scavenging capacity, and Hypotrachyna cirrhata methanol extract demonstrated the highest reducing power. Further, the cytotoxic activity of the ten species was investigated on the human cancer cell lines HepG2 and MCF-7; Myelochroa irrugans exhibited the highest anticancer potential. The pharmacological activities shown here could be attributed to their phytochemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Fernández-Moriano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. González-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. K. Divakar
- Department of Plant Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Crespo
- Department of Plant Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. P. Gómez-Serranillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Kuyrukluyıldız U, Küpeli İ, Bedir Z, Özmen Ö, Onk D, Süleyman B, Mammadov R, Süleyman H. The Effect of Anakinra on Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2016; 44:287-294. [PMID: 28058139 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2016.02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paclitaxel is used in the treatment of cancer, and it may cause interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-related peripheral neuropathic pain. While our primary aim was to investigate the analgesic efficacy of an IL-1β antagonist, a secondary outcome was to assess whether a correlation exists between analgesic effects and antioxidant activity. METHODS A total of 24 albino Wistar male rats were divided into the following groups: paclitaxel-control, paclitaxel+50 mg kg-1 anakinra, paclitaxel+100 mg kg-1 anakinra and healthy group (HG). After the normal paw pain threshold in all animal groups was measured using a Basile algesimeter, a single dose of 2 mg kg-1 paclitaxel was intraperitoneally administered on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days. Anakinra was intraperitoneally administered following the final paclitaxel administration. The paw pain thresholds in the groups were measured before and seven days after paclitaxel administration and at the 1st and 3rd hours after anakinra administration. After the third hour of measurement, the rats were killed with high doses of ketamine, and the paw tissues were removed. Malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase and total glutathione levels were measured in claw tissues, and IL-1β gene expression was determined. The biochemical results were compared with the results of the HG; in the meanwhile the claw pain threshold results were compared with the results obtained after the last paclitaxel and the results obtained from the 1st and 3rd hours after the anakinra application. RESULTS The claw paw pain threshold of the rats decreased one and three hours after anakinra administration. Further, 100 mg kg-1 anakinra had greater analgesic activity than 50 mg kg-1 anakinra. A correlation was found between the antioxidant and analgesic activities of 100 mg kg-1 anakinra. CONCLUSION Anakinra may be useful to reduce paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain; further, 100 mg kg-1 anakinra may have greater analgesic and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Kuyrukluyıldız
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - İlke Küpeli
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Zehra Bedir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Özgür Özmen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Didem Onk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Bahadır Süleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Renad Mammadov
- Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Halis Süleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
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Chand K, Rajeshwari, Hiremathad A, Singh M, Santos MA, Keri RS. A review on antioxidant potential of bioactive heterocycle benzofuran: Natural and synthetic derivatives. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 69:281-295. [PMID: 28171830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The majority of heterocycle compounds and typically common heterocycle fragments present in most pharmaceuticals currently marketed, alongside with their intrinsic versatility and unique physicochemical properties, have poised them as true cornerstones of medicinal chemistry. In this context, oxygen heterocycles exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities due in part to the similarities with many natural and synthetic molecules with known biological activity. Among oxygen containing heterocycles, benzofuran (synthetic and natural isolated) and its derivatives have attracted medicinal chemists and pharmacologists due to their pronounced biological activities and their potential applications as pharmacological agents such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiplatelet, antimalarial, antiinflammatory, antidepressant and anticonvulsant properties. There are also an amazing number of approved benzofuran-containing drugs in the market as well as compounds currently going through different clinical phases or registration statuses. Due to the wide range of biological activities of benzofurans, their structure activity relationships have generated interest among medicinal chemists, and this has culminated in the discovery of several lead molecules in numerous disease conditions. Recently, this scaffold has emerged as a pharmacophore of choice for designing antioxidant drug development as their derivatives have shown excellent results through different mechanism of action. This review focused on the recent development of benzofuran derivatives as antioxidant agents (including natural products) and their antioxidant activities; summarize the structure property, hoping to inspire new and even more creative approaches. Also, this study systematically provides a comprehensive report on current developments in benzofuran-based compounds as antioxidant agents and is also helpful for the researchers working on a substitution pattern around the nucleus, with an aim to help medicinal chemists to develop structure activity relationships (SAR) on these derivatives as antioxidant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Chand
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rajeshwari
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Asha Hiremathad
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahak Singh
- Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Limited, Vaccine Formulation and Research Centre, Hinjwadi, Pune, India
| | - M Amelia Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rangappa S Keri
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Saberi A, Abbasloo E, Sepehri G, Yazdanpanah M, Mirkamandari E, Sheibani V, Safi Z. The Effects of Methanolic Extract of Melissa officinalis on Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e24271. [PMID: 27651945 PMCID: PMC5020425 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.24271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melissa officinalis (MO) has potent antioxidant activity. Recent research has demonstrated the anti-ulcer properties of some medicinal plants through their antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of methanolic extracts of MO on experimental gastric ulcers in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (200 - 250 g) were starved for 24 hours prior to the induction of gastric ulceration by either indomethacin (48 mg/kg/oral) or water immersion restraint (WIR) stress. Experimental rats received either ranitidine (25 mg/kg) or MO extract (150, 300 and 450mg/kg) orally 2 hours prior to WIR stress or indomethacin treatment, for the evaluation of their gastroprotective effects. The control group received the same volume of saline. Gastric lesions were scored according to the surface of lesions on the ulcer index. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were determined as measures of antioxidant defense, and malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined to measure tissue oxidation. RESULTS MO extract (150 and 300 mg/kg) significantly decreased the ulcer index in both the indomethacin (1.3 ± 0.09 and 1.5 ± 0.19, respectively) and WIR stress groups (1.5 ± 0.17 and 1.5 ± 0.22, respectively), as compared to the control rats (2.5 ± 0.28) (P < 0.01). MO extract (450 mg/kg) significantly reduced ulcer index readings in WIR stress rats (1.8 ± 0.31 vs. 2.4 ± 0.15 in the WIR group), however, MO extract at a dose of 450 mg/kg did not prevent indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration (2.4 ± 0.26). There was no significant difference in the ulcer index for MO extract- (150 and 300 mg/kg) and ranitidine-treated rats (P > 0.05). Also, MO extract (150 and 300 mg/kg) significantly reduced MDA serum levels (0.69 ± 0.6 µmol/L and 0.85 ± 0.24 µmol/L, respectively, vs. 4.5 ± 1.9 µmol/L in the saline group) and significantly increased antioxidants' SOD activities (296.3 ± 146.4 U/mL and 561.4 ± 120 U/mL, respectively, vs. 190.2 ± 63.8U/mL in the control group) and GPX levels (8273 ± 3049 U/mL and 14574 ± 5012 U/mL, respectively), compared to the control (3236 ± 1699 U/mL). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that MO extract may have a gastroprotective effect against experimental gastric ulcers in rats. The exact mechanism has not yet been determined, but it may be due to enhancing enzymatic antioxidant defenses and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Saberi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Elham Abbasloo
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sepehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Gholamreza Sepehri, Professor of Pharmacology, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-3433220081, E-mail:
| | - Mahnaz Yazdanpanah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Ehsan Mirkamandari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Safi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
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Emsen B, Aslan A, Togar B, Turkez H. In vitro antitumor activities of the lichen compounds olivetoric, physodic and psoromic acid in rat neuron and glioblastoma cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1748-1762. [PMID: 26704132 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1126620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Since methods utilised in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are inadequate and have too many side effects, usage of herbal products in the treatment process comes into prominence. Lichens are symbiotic organisms used for medicinal purposes for many years. There are various anticancer treatments about components of two lichen species used in the present study. Objective Antitumor potential of three lichen secondary metabolites including olivetoric acid (OLA) and physodic acid (PHA) isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) and psoromic acid (PSA) isolated from Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert (Lecanoraceae) were investigated on human U87MG-GBM cell lines and primary rat cerebral cortex (PRCC) cells for the first time. Materials and methods PRCC cells used as healthy brain cells were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats. The treatments were carried out on the cells cultured for 48 h. Cytotoxic effects of different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) of metabolites on the cells were determined via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) analyses. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) parameters were used for assessing oxidative alterations. Oxidative DNA damage potentials of metabolites were investigated via evaluating 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels. Results Median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of OLA, PHA and PSA were 125.71, 698.19 and 79.40 mg/L for PRCC cells and 17.55, 410.72 and 56.22 mg/L for U87MG cells, respectively. It was revealed that cytotoxic effects of these metabolites showed positive correlation with concentration, LDH activity and oxidative DNA damage. Discussion and conclusion The present findings obtained in this study revealed that primarily OLA and then PSA had high potential for use in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bugrahan Emsen
- a Department of Biology, Kamil Özdağ Faculty of Science , Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University , Karaman , Turkey
| | - Ali Aslan
- b Department of Biology Education, Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Basak Togar
- c Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Hasan Turkez
- d Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science , Erzurum Technical University , Erzurum , Turkey
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Koriem KMM, Gad IB, Nasiry ZK. Protective effect of Cupressus sempervirens extract against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Interdiscip Toxicol 2016; 8:25-34. [PMID: 27486357 PMCID: PMC4961923 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2015-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cupressus sempervirens (C. sempervirens) belongs to the family Cupressaceae. It is widspread in Northern Africa, Greece, Turkey, North America, Cyprus and Syria. Cupressuflavone is the major ingredient of the plant leave extract. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiulcerogenic activity of the extract of C. sempervirens leaves in gastric ulcer tissues induced by indomethacin. The results of the present study revealed that indomethacin significantly decreased glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, while it increased significantly lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels in gastric tissue. Furthermore, indomethacin decreased p53 expression, while it increased bcl-2 expression in gastric tissue. Pretreatment with 5%, 10% & 20% of the LD50 of C. sempervirens and cupressuflavone of indomethacin-treated rats restored all the above parameters to approach normal values. C. sempervirens at the highest dose was more effective than the two lower doses. C. sempervirens proved more potent than cupressuflavone. In conclusion, C. sempervirens exerted antiulcerogenic activity and the effect was dose-dependent and related to the cupressuflavone ingredient of the plant leave extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M M Koriem
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), University Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia
| | - Islam B Gad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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Chen S, Zhang Z, Qing T, Ren Z, Yu D, Couch L, Ning B, Mei N, Shi L, Tolleson WH, Guo L. Activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in usnic acid-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1293-1307. [PMID: 27369375 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many usnic acid-containing dietary supplements have been marketed as weight loss agents, although severe hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure have been associated with their overuse. Our previous mechanistic studies revealed that autophagy, disturbance of calcium homeostasis, and ER stress are involved in usnic acid-induced toxicity. In this study, we investigated the role of oxidative stress and the Nrf2 signaling pathway in usnic acid-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. We found that a 24-h treatment with usnic acid caused DNA damage and S-phase cell cycle arrest in a concentration-dependent manner. Usnic acid also triggered oxidative stress as demonstrated by increased reactive oxygen species generation and glutathione depletion. Short-term treatment (6 h) with usnic acid significantly increased the protein level for Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), promoted Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus, up-regulated antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter activity, and induced the expression of Nrf2-regulated targets, including glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1). Furthermore, knockdown of Nrf2 with shRNA potentiated usnic acid-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Taken together, our results show that usnic acid causes cell cycle dysregulation, DNA damage, and oxidative stress and that the Nrf2 signaling pathway is activated in usnic acid-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), HFT-110, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Zhuhong Zhang
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Tao Qing
- School of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Fudan-Zhangjiang Center for Clinical Genomics and Zhanjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhen Ren
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), HFT-110, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Dianke Yu
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Letha Couch
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), HFT-110, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Baitang Ning
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Nan Mei
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Leming Shi
- School of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Fudan-Zhangjiang Center for Clinical Genomics and Zhanjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - William H Tolleson
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), HFT-110, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), HFT-110, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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81
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Cho I, Kim J, Jung J, Sung S, Kim J, Lee N, Ku S. Hepatoprotective effects of hoveniae semen cum fructus extracts in ethanol intoxicated mice. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:49-64. [PMID: 27298813 PMCID: PMC4899896 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.03.20.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract in ethanol induced hepatic damages. [Methods] Hepatic damages were induced by oral administration of ethanol and then Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract was administered. [Results] Following Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract administration, body and liver weights were increased, while aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, γ-glutamyl transferase, and triglyceride levels in the serum, triglyceride contents, tumor necrosis factor -α level, cytochrome (CY) P450 2E1 activity in the liver and mRNA expression of hepatic lipogenic genes, and Nitrotyrosine and 4-HNE-immunolabelled hepatocytes were decreased. However, mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation was increased. Also, as a protective mechanism for hepatic antioxidant defense systems, decreased liver MDA contents, increased glutathione contents, increased dismutase and catalase activities were observed when compared to the ethanol control. [Conclusion] Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract favorably protected against liver damages, mediated by its potent anti-inflammatory and anti-steatosis properties through the augmentation of the hepatic antioxidant defense system by NF-E2-related factor-2 activation, and down-regulation of the mRNA expression of hepatic lipogenic genes or up-regulation of the mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilje Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si Republic of Korea
| | - Joowan Kim
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Jaijun Jung
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Sung
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyu Kim
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Namju Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun Republic of Korea
| | - Saekwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si Republic of Korea
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Luzina OA, Salakhutdinov NF. Biological activity of usnic acid and its derivatives: Part 2. effects on higher organisms. Molecular and physicochemical aspects. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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83
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Lee YJ, Zhao RJ, Kim YW, Kang SJ, Lee EK, Kim NJ, Chang S, Kim JM, Lee JE, Ku SK, Lee BH. Acupuncture inhibits liver injury induced by morphine plus acetaminophen through antioxidant system. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xu L, He SS, Li DY, Mei C, Hou XL, Jiang LS, Liu FH. Hydrogen peroxide induces oxidative stress and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in RAT intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6). Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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85
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Martínez JR, Zuluaga AM, Silveira GE. Effects of corn oil on the gastric mucosa of horses with induced ulcer. REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2016. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v29n2a07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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86
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Zheng HM, Choi MJ, Kim JM, Cha KH, Lee KW, Park YH, Hong SS, Lee DH. Centella asiaticaLeaf Extract Protects Against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats. J Med Food 2016; 19:38-46. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Zheng
- Department of New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Myung-Joo Choi
- Department of New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae Min Kim
- National Center of Efficacy Evaluation for the Development of Health Products Targeting Digestive Disorder, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Kye Wan Lee
- R&D Center, Dongkook Pharmaceutical, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Hwa Park
- R&D Center, Dongkook Pharmaceutical, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
- National Center of Efficacy Evaluation for the Development of Health Products Targeting Digestive Disorder, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Don Haeng Lee
- Department of New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
- National Center of Efficacy Evaluation for the Development of Health Products Targeting Digestive Disorder, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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87
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Fernández-Moriano C, Gómez-Serranillos MP, Crespo A. Antioxidant potential of lichen species and their secondary metabolites. A systematic review. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1-17. [PMID: 25885942 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.1003354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pharmacological interest of lichens lies in their capacity to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, being most of them phenolic compounds with reactive hydroxyl groups that confer antioxidant potential through various mechanisms. Increasing incidence and impact of oxidative stress-related diseases (i.e., neurodegenerative disorders) has encouraged the search of new pharmacological strategies to face them. Lichens appear to be a promising source of phenolic compounds in the discovery of natural products exerting antioxidant activity. OBJECTIVE The present review thoroughly discusses the available knowledge on antioxidant properties of lichens, including both in vitro and in vivo studies and the parameters assessed so far on lichen constituents. METHODS Literature survey was performed by using as main databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and Recent Literature on Lichens. We reviewed 98 highlighted research articles without date restriction. RESULTS Current report collects data related to antioxidant activities of more than 75 lichen species (from 18 botanical families) and 65 isolated metabolites. Much information comes from in vitro investigations, such as chemical assays evaluating radical scavenging properties, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and reducing power of lichen species and compounds; similarly, research on cellular substrates and animal models generally measures antioxidant enzymes levels and other antioxidant markers, such as glutathione levels or tissue peroxidation. CONCLUSION Since consistent evidence demonstrated the contribution of oxidative stress on the development and progression of several human diseases, reviewed data suggest that some lichen compounds are worthy of further investigation and better understanding of their antioxidant and neuroprotective potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Crespo
- b Department of Plant Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidad Complutense Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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Prateeksha P, Paliya BS, Bajpai R, Jadaun V, Kumar J, Kumar S, Upreti DK, Singh BR, Nayaka S, Joshi Y, Singh BN. The genus Usnea: a potent phytomedicine with multifarious ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24205c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genusUsneaAdans. (Parmeliaceae; lichenized Ascomycetes) is a typical group of mostly pale grayish-green fruticoselichens that grow as leafless mini-shrubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateeksha Prateeksha
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute
- Lucknow – 226001
- India
| | - B. S. Paliya
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute
- Lucknow – 226001
- India
| | - R. Bajpai
- Lichenology Laboratory
- Plant Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Division
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute
- Lucknow – 226001
- India
| | - V. Jadaun
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute
- Lucknow – 226001
- India
| | - J. Kumar
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute
- Lucknow – 226001
- India
| | - S. Kumar
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute
- Lucknow – 226001
- India
| | - D. K. Upreti
- Lichenology Laboratory
- Plant Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Division
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute
- Lucknow – 226001
- India
| | - B. R. Singh
- Centre of Excellence in Materials Science (Nanomaterials)
- Z. H. College of Engineering & Technology
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
| | - S. Nayaka
- Lichenology Laboratory
- Plant Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Division
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute
- Lucknow – 226001
- India
| | | | - Brahma N. Singh
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute
- Lucknow – 226001
- India
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Millot M, Dieu A, Tomasi S. Dibenzofurans and derivatives from lichens and ascomycetes. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:801-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00134j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes classification, biogenesis and sources as well as physico-chemical and biological properties of dibenzofurans from lichens and ascomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Millot
- EA 1069
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- Université de Limoges
| | - Amandine Dieu
- EA 1069
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- Université de Limoges
| | - Sophie Tomasi
- UMR CNRS ISCR 6226 “Institut des Sciences chimiques de Rennes” Equipe PNSCM “Produits Naturels-Synthèse-Chimie Médicinale”
- UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
- Université Bretagne Loire
- Université de Rennes 1
- 35043 Rennes Cedex
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Atalay F, Odabasoglu F, Halici M, Cakir A, Cadirci E, Aslan A, Aydin Berktas O, Kazaz C. Gastroprotective and Antioxidant Effects ofLobaria pulmonariaand Its Metabolite Rhizonyl Alcohol on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:1756-67. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Fermentation of Green Tea with 2% Aquilariae lignum Increases the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Green Tea Aqueous Extracts in the High Fat-Fed Mouse. Nutrients 2015; 7:9046-78. [PMID: 26540072 PMCID: PMC4663575 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-diabetic effects on the metabolomic differences between green tea (GT) and Aquilariae lignum-fermented green tea (fGT) were investigated in the high fat-fed mouse. To prove the differences, hypoglycemic (blood glucose, insulin and glycated hemoglobin levels, pancreas weights and histopathological-immunohistochemistrical analysis of pancreas–insulin/glucagon cells), hepato- and nephron-protective (the changes in liver and kidney weight, histopathology of liver and kidney, serum aminotransferases (AST and ALT) levels, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels), and hypolipidemic (the changes of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low- and high-density lipoprotein levels with fecal TC and TG contents) effects were evaluated. In addition, liver lipid peroxidation, the glutathione contents, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were measured according to the hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities of glucokinase (GK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) for action mechanisms. As a result, fGT showed a stronger hypoglycemic, hepato- and nephron-protective, hypolipidemic, and anti-oxidant effect than GT in high fat-fed mice. In addition, fGT-treated mice exerted more favorable inhibitory activities against GK, G6pase, PERCK activities as compared to GT-treated mice. Taken together, fGT fermented with Aquilariae lignum, 1:49 (2%; g/g) has a stronger effect compared with GT. Therefore, fGT has the potential to increase bioactivity against type 2 diabetics.
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Fernández-Moriano C, Divakar PK, Crespo A, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Neuroprotective activity and cytotoxic potential of two Parmeliaceae lichens: Identification of active compounds. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:847-855. [PMID: 26220632 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichens are symbiotic organisms capable of producing unique secondary metabolites, whose pharmacological activities are attracting much interest. PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro neuroprotective effects and anticancer potential of methanol extracts of two Parmeliaceae lichens: Cetraria islandica and Vulpicida canadensis. The chemical composition of the two lichens was also determined. METHODS Neuroprotective activity was studied with respect to the antioxidant properties of the extracts; radical scavenging tests (ORAC and DPPH assays) were performed and oxidative stress markers (intracellular ROS production, caspase-3 activity, MDA and glutathione levels) were assessed in a hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress model in astrocytes. Cytotoxic activity was tested against human HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines. RESULTS Cell viability studies identified a single concentration for each extract that was subsequently used to measure oxidative stress markers. Lichen extracts were able to reverse the oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide, thus promoting astrocyte survival. Both lichen extracts also had anticancer activity in the cell lines, with IC50 values of 19.51-181.05 µg/ml. The extracts had a high total phenolic content, and the main constituents identified by HPLC were fumarprotocetraric acid in Cetraria islandica, and usnic, pinastric and vulpinic acids in Vulpicida canadensis. The biological activities of the lichen extracts can be attributed to these secondary metabolites. CONCLUSION The lichen species studied are promising sources of natural compounds with neuroprotective activity and cytotoxic potential, and warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernández-Moriano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pradeep Kumar Divakar
- Department of Plant Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Crespo
- Department of Plant Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Karagoz ID, Ozaslan M, Kilic IH, Guler I, Uyar C, Tuter D, Kazanci U, Aslan A, Cakir A, Gezici S. Hepatoprotective effect of diffractaic acid on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1056754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Bathing Effects of Various Seawaters on Allergic (Atopic) Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions Induced by 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene in Hairless Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26221169 PMCID: PMC4488017 DOI: 10.1155/2015/179185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the preventive effects of four types of seawater collected in Republic of Korea on hairless mice with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene- (DNCB-) induced allergic/atopic dermatitis (AD). The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by measuring tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and interleukins (ILs). Glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured to evaluate the antioxidant effects. Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were observed to measure the antiapoptotic effects; matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 9 levels were also evaluated. Mice with AD had markedly higher clinical skin severity scores and scratching behaviors; higher TNF-α and ILs (1β, 10, 4, 5, and 13) levels; higher MDA, superoxide anion, caspase-3, PARP, and MMP-9 levels; and greater iNOS activity. However, the severity of AD was significantly decreased by bathing in seawaters, but it did not influence the dermal collagen depositions and skin tissue antioxidant defense systems. These results suggest that bathing in all four seawaters has protective effects against DNCB-induced AD through their favorable systemic and local immunomodulatory effects, active cytoprotective antiapoptotic effects, inhibitory effects of MMP activity and anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.
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Schisandrae Fructus Supplementation Ameliorates Sciatic Neurectomy-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:872428. [PMID: 26064425 PMCID: PMC4443785 DOI: 10.1155/2015/872428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the possible beneficial skeletal muscle preserving effects of ethanol extract of Schisandrae Fructus (EESF) on sciatic neurectomy- (NTX-) induced hindlimb muscle atrophy in mice. Here, calf muscle atrophy was induced by unilateral right sciatic NTX. In order to investigate whether administration of EESF prevents or improves sciatic NTX-induced muscle atrophy, EESF was administered orally. Our results indicated that EESF dose-dependently diminished the decreases in markers of muscle mass and activity levels, and the increases in markers of muscle damage and fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokines, and apoptotic events in the gastrocnemius muscle bundles are induced by NTX. Additionally, destruction of gastrocnemius antioxidant defense systems after NTX was dose-dependently protected by treatment with EESF. EESF also upregulated muscle-specific mRNAs involved in muscle protein synthesis but downregulated those involved in protein degradation. The overall effects of 500 mg/kg EESF were similar to those of 50 mg/kg oxymetholone, but it showed more favorable antioxidant effects. The present results suggested that EESF exerts a favorable ameliorating effect on muscle atrophy induced by NTX, through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects related to muscle fiber protective effects and via an increase in protein synthesis and a decrease in protein degradation.
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Kim JW, Ku SK, Han MH, Kim KY, Kim SG, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Kim CM, Choi YH. The administration of Fructus Schisandrae attenuates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in mice. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:29-42. [PMID: 25955031 PMCID: PMC4494578 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to determine whether ethanol extracts of Fructus Schisandrae (FS), the dried fruit of Schizandra chinensis Baillon, mitigates the development of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. Adult SPF/VAT outbred CrljOri:CD1 (ICR) mice were either treated with dexamethasone to induce muscle atrophy. Some mice were treated with various concentrations of FS or oxymetholone, a 17α-alkylated anabolic-androgenic steroid. Muscle thickness and weight, calf muscle strength, and serum creatine and creatine kinase (CK) levels were then measured. The administration of FS attenuated the decrease in calf thickness, gastrocnemius muscle thickness, muscle strength and weight, fiber diameter and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels in the gastrocnemius muscle bundles which was induced by dexamethasone in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with FS also prevented the dexamethasone-induced increase in serum creatine and creatine kinase levels, histopathological muscle fiber microvacuolation and fibrosis, and the immunoreactivity of muscle fibers for nitrotyrosine, 4-hydroxynonenal, inducible nitric oxide synthase and myostatin. In addition, the destruction of the gastrocnemius antioxidant defense system was also inhibited by the administration of FS in a dose-dependent manner. FS downregulated the mRNA expression of atrogin-1 and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (involved in muscle protein degradation), myostatin (a potent negative regulator of muscle growth) and sirtuin 1 (a representative inhibitor of muscle regeneration), but upregulated the mRNA expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt1, adenosine A1 receptor and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4, involved in muscle growth and the activation of protein synthesis. The overall effects of treatment with 500 mg/kg FS were comparable to those observed following treatment with 50 mg/kg oxymetholone. The results from the present study support the hypothesis that FS has a favorable ameliorating effect on muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone, by exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on muscle fibers, which may be due to an increase in protein synthesis and a decrease in protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Wan Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712‑715, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Goo Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Hwang
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Busan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
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Abourehab MAS, Khaled KA, Sarhan HAA, Ahmed OAA. Evaluation of combined famotidine with quercetin for the treatment of peptic ulcer: in vivo animal study. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:2159-69. [PMID: 25926722 PMCID: PMC4403742 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s81109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to prepare a combined drug dosage form of famotidine (FAM) and quercetin (QRT) to augment treatment of gastric ulcer. FAM was prepared as freeze-dried floating alginate beads using ion gelation method and then coated with Eudragit RL100 to sustain FAM release. QRT was prepared as solid dispersion with polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 to improve its solubility. Photo images and scanning electron microscope images of the prepared beads were carried out to detect floating behavior and to reveal surface and core shape of the prepared beads. Anti-ulcerogenic effect and histopathological examination of gastric tissues were carried out to investigate the effect of the combined drug formulation compared with commercial FAM tablets and FAM beads. Gastric glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase, catalase, tissue myeloperoxidase, and lipid peroxidation enzyme activities and levels in rat stomach tissues were also determined. Results revealed that spherical beads were formed with an average diameter of 1.64±0.33 mm. They floated immediately with no lag time before floating, and remained buoyant throughout the test period. Treatment with a combination of FAM beads plus QRT showed the absence of any signs of inflammation or hemorrhage, and significantly prevented the indomethacin-induced decrease in GSH levels (P<0.05) with regain of normal GSH gastric tissue levels. Also, there was a significant difference in the decrease of malondialdehyde level compared to FAM commercial tablets or beads alone (P<0.05). The combined formula significantly improved the myeloperoxidase level compared to both the disease control group and commercial FAM tablet-treated group (P<0.05). Formulation of FAM as floating beads in combination with solid dispersion of QRT improved the anti-ulcer activity compared to commercially available tablets, which reveals a promising application for treatment of peptic ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A Khaled
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hatem A A Sarhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Osama A A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt ; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sabiu S, Garuba T, Sunmonu TO, Sulyman AO, Ismail NO. Indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats: Ameliorative roles of Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:180-186. [PMID: 25815713 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1029050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Spondias mombin Linn (Anacardiaceae) and Ficus exasperata Valh (Moraceae) are botanicals with known phytotherapeutic potentials in the traditional system of medicine in the world. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ulceration was induced by a single oral administration of indomethacin (30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)). Ulcerated rats were orally administered with esomeprazole (a reference drug) at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, and Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. once daily for 21 d after ulcer induction. Gastric secretions and antioxidant parameters were thereafter evaluated. RESULTS The significantly increased (p < 0.05) ulcer index, gastric volume, malondialdehyde level, and pepsin activity by indomethacin were effectively reduced by 65.40, 36.47, 45.71, and 53.79%, respectively, following treatment with F. exasperata at 200 mg/kg b.w. S. mombin at this regimen also attenuated these parameters by 71.70, 46.62, 50.16, and 55.73%. Moreover, the extracts significantly increase the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase as well as pH and mucin content in the ulcerated rats. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings are indicative of gastroprotective and antioxidative potentials of the extracts which is also evident in the degree of % inhibition against ulceration. The available data in this study suggest that the extracts proved to be capable of ameliorating indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration and the probable mechanisms are via antioxidative and proton pump inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed Sabiu
- a Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Kwara State University , Ilorin , Nigeria
| | - Taofeeq Garuba
- b Department of Plant Biology , University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria , and
| | - Taofik Olatunde Sunmonu
- c Phytomedicine and Plant Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biological Sciences , Al-Hikmah University , Ilorin , Nigeria
| | - AbdulHakeem O Sulyman
- a Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Kwara State University , Ilorin , Nigeria
| | - Nurain O Ismail
- a Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Kwara State University , Ilorin , Nigeria
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Araújo AAS, de Melo MGD, Rabelo TK, Nunes PS, Santos SL, Serafini MR, Santos MRV, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Gelain DP. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of usnic acid. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29:2167-80. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1007455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ultrastructural analysis of Leishmania infantum chagasi promastigotes forms treated in vitro with usnic acid. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:617401. [PMID: 25767824 PMCID: PMC4342185 DOI: 10.1155/2015/617401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is considered by the World Health Organization as one of the infectious parasitic diseases endemic of great relevance and a global public health problem. Pentavalent antimonials used for treatment of this disease are limited and new phytochemicals emerge as an alternative to existing treatments, due to the low toxicity and cost reduction. Usnic acid is uniquely found in lichens and is especially abundant in genera such as Alectoria, Cladonia, Evernia, Lecanora, Ramalina, and Usnea. Usnic acid has been shown to exhibit antiviral, antiprotozoal, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antileishmanial activity of usnic acid on Leishmania infantum chagasi promastigotes and the occurrence of drug-induced ultrastructural damage in the parasite. Usnic acid was effective against the promastigote forms (IC50 = 18.30 ± 2.00 µg/mL). Structural and ultrastructural aspects of parasite were analyzed. Morphological alterations were observed as blebs in cell membrane and shapes given off, increasing the number of cytoplasmic vacuoles, and cellular and mitochondrial swelling, with loss of cell polarity. We concluded that the usnic acid presented antileishmanial activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum chagasi and structural and ultrastructural analysis reinforces its cytotoxicity. Further, in vitro studies are warranted to further evaluate this potential.
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