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Romano G, Del Coco L, Milano F, Durante M, Palombieri S, Sestili F, Visioni A, Jilal A, Fanizzi FP, Laddomada B. Phytochemical Profiling and Untargeted Metabolite Fingerprinting of the MEDWHEALTH Wheat, Barley and Lentil Wholemeal Flours. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244070. [PMID: 36553812 PMCID: PMC9777840 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An important research target is improving the health benefits of traditional Mediterranean, durum wheat-based foods using innovative raw materials. In this study, we characterised wholemeal flours obtained from a traditional durum wheat cv. Svevo, two innovative durum wheat varieties (Svevo-High Amylose and Faridur), the naked barley cv. Chifaa and the elite lentil line 6002/ILWL118/1-1, evaluating them for targeted phytochemicals, untargeted metabolomics fingerprints and antioxidant capacity. To this aim, individual phenolic acids, flavonoids, tocochromanols and carotenoids were identified and quantified through HPLC-DAD, and the antioxidant capacities of both the extracts and whole meals were detected by ABTS assays. An untargeted metabolomics fingerprinting of the samples was conducted through NMR spectroscopy. Results showed that the innovative materials improved phytochemical profiles and antioxidant capacity compared to Svevo. In particular, Svevo-HA and Faridur had higher contents of ferulic and sinapic acids, β-tocotrienol and lutein. Moreover, Chifaa is a rich source of phenolic acids, β-tocopherols, lutein and zeaxanthin whereas lentil of flavonoids (i.e., catechin and procyanidin B2). The NMR profiles of Svevo-HA and Faridur showed a significant reduction of sugar content, malate and tryptophan compared to that of Svevo. Finally, substantial differences characterised the lentil profiles, especially for citrate, trigonelline and phenolic resonances of secondary metabolites, such as catechin-like compounds. Overall, these results support the potential of the above innovative materials to renew the health value of traditional Mediterranean durum wheat-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Romano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Milano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Samuela Palombieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Visioni
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Biodiversity and Crop Improvement Program, Rabat P.O. Box 6299, Morocco
| | - Abderrazek Jilal
- National Institute for Agricultural Research Morocco (INRAM), Rabat P.O. Box 415, Morocco
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.F.); (B.L.); Tel.: +39-08-3229-9265 (F.P.F.); +39-08-3242-2613 (B.L.)
| | - Barbara Laddomada
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.F.); (B.L.); Tel.: +39-08-3229-9265 (F.P.F.); +39-08-3242-2613 (B.L.)
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Fu J, Xiao J, Tu S, Sheng Q, Yi G, Wang J, Sheng O. Plantain flour: A potential anti-obesity ingredient for intestinal flora regulation and improved hormone secretion. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1027762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDevelopment of functional food ingredients with anti-obesity is a growing interest in the global food industry. Plantain (Musa spp. AAB), a special type of cooking/starchy banana, is widely growing in African and Latin American countries. The flour made from unripe plantain pulp, which is considered as a natural source of indigestible carbohydrates such as resistant starch (RS), could be used in the formulation of diverse functional foods due to its anti-obesity properties. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity properties of plantain flour are not explored.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the changes in serum hormone levels, liver transcriptome profiles, and the modulation of gut microbiota in high-fat-fed Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The male SD rats were divided into six groups, viz. two control groups [non-obese (NC) or obese (OC)] which were not given the supplementation, one positive control (PC) group which received orlistat supplementation (60 mg/kg body weight/day), and three groups of obese rats which were supplemented with unripe plantain flour (UPF) at a dosage (body weight/day) of 1.25 g/kg (low-dose, LD), 2.50 g/kg (intermediate-dose, MD) or 5.0 g/kg (high-dose, HD).Results and discussionIt was found that UPF supplementation could lower the insulin levels of the obese rats. Moreover, UPF supplementation had a positive impact on gut microbiota, decreasing the relative abundances of Blautia, Parasutterella and Fusicatenibacter which were closely related to obesity, and increasing the relative abundances of probiotics (Allobaculum, Romboutsia, Staphylococcus, and Bacteroides). The spearman correlation analysis revealed that UPF supplementation reduced the relative abundance of Parasutterella and possibly decreased the blood sugar levels, leading to a decrease in the relative abundances of Blautia and Fusicatenibacter and a subsequent decrease in insulin levels. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of the liver tissues displayed that the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-1α (PPAR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway genes (Pparaa, Cpt1a, Prkaa1, Prkab1, Prkaa2, and Ppargc1a) were upregulated in those groups supplemented with UPF. These results indicated that UPF could mediate the glucolipid metabolism in the obese rats. Taken together, our findings suggested that the anti-obesity properties of UPF could be achieved by decreasing the insulin levels, positive-regulating of the gut microbiota composition as well as altering gene expression related to glucolipid metabolism.
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Thompson MS, Hui Yan T, Saari N, Sarbini SR. A review: Resistant starch, a promising prebiotic for obesity and weight management. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Liu Q, Shi J, Jin Z, Jiao A. Development and characterization of resistant starch produced by an extrusion–debranching strategy with a high starch concentration. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Drake AM, Coughlan MT, Christophersen CT, Snelson M. Resistant Starch as a Dietary Intervention to Limit the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:4547. [PMID: 36364808 PMCID: PMC9656781 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease, and as the number of individuals with diabetes increases there is a concomitant increase in the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Diabetes contributes to the development of DKD through a number of pathways, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and the gut-kidney axis, which may be amenable to dietary therapy. Resistant starch (RS) is a dietary fibre that alters the gut microbial consortium, leading to an increase in the microbial production of short chain fatty acids. Evidence from animal and human studies indicate that short chain fatty acids are able to attenuate inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, which may mitigate the progression of DKD. In this review, we evaluate and summarise the evidence from both preclinical models of DKD and clinical trials that have utilised RS as a dietary therapy to limit the progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Drake
- Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Melinda T. Coughlan
- Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Claus T. Christophersen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
- WA Human Microbiome Collaboration Centre, School of Molecular Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
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Khemiri S, Nunes MC, Raymundo A, Smaali I. In vitro
starch digestibility and estimation of glycemic index in algae‐based couscous. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheyma Khemiri
- University of Carthage INSAT, Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LR11ES24), BP 676, 1080, Cedex Tunisia
| | - M Cristiana Nunes
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349‐017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Anabela Raymundo
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349‐017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Issam Smaali
- University of Carthage INSAT, Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LR11ES24), BP 676, 1080, Cedex Tunisia
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Substrate Selectivity of a Novel Amylo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Thermococcus gammatolerans STB12. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101442. [PMID: 35627012 PMCID: PMC9142091 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylo-α-1,6-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.33, AMY) exhibits hydrolytic activity towards α-1,6-glycosidic bonds of branched substrates. The debranching products of maltodextrin, waxy corn starch and cassava starch treated with AMY, pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41, PUL) and isoamylase (EC 3.2.1.68, ISO), were investigated and their differences in substrate selectivity and debranching efficiency were compared. AMY had a preference for the branched structure with medium-length chains, and the optimal debranching length was DP 13-24. Its optimum debranching length was shorter than ISO (DP 25-36). In addition, the debranching rate of maltodextrin treated by AMY for 6 h was 80%, which was 20% higher than that of ISO. AMY could decompose most of the polymerized amylopectin in maltodextrin into short amylose and oligosaccharides, while it could only decompose the polymerized amylopectin in starch into branched glucan chains and long amylose. Furthermore, the successive use of AMY and β-amylase increased the hydrolysis rate of maltodextrin from 68% to 86%. Therefore, AMY with high substrate selectivity and a high catalytic capacity could be used synergistically with other enzyme preparations to improve substrate utilization and reduce reaction time. Importantly, the development of a novel AMY provides an effective choice to meet different production requirements.
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