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Abstract
Abnormally activated RAS proteins are the main oncogenic driver that governs the functioning of major signaling pathways involved in the initiation and development of human malignancies. Mutations in RAS genes and or its regulators, most frequent in human cancers, are the main force for incessant RAS activation and associated pathological conditions including cancer. In general, RAS is the main upstream regulator of the highly conserved signaling mechanisms associated with a plethora of important cellular activities vital for normal homeostasis. Mutated or the oncogenic RAS aberrantly activates a web of interconnected signaling pathways including RAF-MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT (protein kinase B), protein kinase C (PKC) and ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (RALGDS), etc., leading to uncontrolled transcriptional expression and reprogramming in the functioning of a range of nuclear and cytosolic effectors critically associated with the hallmarks of carcinogenesis. This review highlights the recent literature on how oncogenic RAS negatively use its signaling web in deregulating the expression and functioning of various effector molecules in the pathogenesis of human malignancies.
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52
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High MYBL2 expression and transcription regulatory activity is associated with poor overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Curr Res Transl Med 2018; 66:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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53
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Han B, Shin HJ, Bak IS, Bak Y, Jeong YL, Kwon T, Park YH, Sun HN, Kim CH, Yu DY. Peroxiredoxin I is important for cancer-cell survival in Ras-induced hepatic tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68044-68056. [PMID: 27517622 PMCID: PMC5356538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin I (Prx I), an antioxidant enzyme, has multiple functions in human cancer. However, the role of Prx I in hepatic tumorigenesis has not been characterized. Here we investigated the relevance and underlying mechanism of Prx I in hepatic tumorigenesis. Prx I increased in tumors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients that aligned with overexpression of oncogenic H-ras. Prx I also increased in H-rasG12V transfected HCC cells and liver tumors of H-rasG12V transgenic (Tg) mice, indicating that Prx I may be involved in Ras-induced hepatic tumorigenesis. When Prx I was knocked down or deleted in HCC-H-rasG12V cells or H-rasG12V Tg mice, cell colony or tumor formation was significantly reduced that was associated with downregulation of pERK pathway as well as increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced DNA damage and cell death. Overexpressing Prx I markedly increased Ras downstream pERK/FoxM1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibited oxidative damage in HCC cells and H-rasG12V Tg mice. In this study, we found Nrf2 was transcriptionally activated by FoxM1, and Prx I was activated by the H-rasG12V/pERK/FoxM1/Nrf2 pathway and suppressed ROS-induced hepatic cancer-cell death along with formation of a positive feedback loop with Ras/ERK/FoxM1/Nrf2 to promote hepatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea.,Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Hye-Jun Shin
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - In Seon Bak
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea.,Department of Toxicology Evaluation, Graduate School of Preclinical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, 363-700, Korea
| | - Yesol Bak
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Ye-Lin Jeong
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea.,Department of Animal Biosystem Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
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54
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Su H, Li B, Zheng L, Wang H, Zhang L. Immunotherapy based on dendritic cells pulsed with CTPFoxM1 fusion protein protects against the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48401-48411. [PMID: 27351282 PMCID: PMC5217026 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with tumor-associated antigens is considered attractive in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In order to efficiently prime tumor-associated antigens specific for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), it is important that DCs present tumor-associated antigens on MHC class I. MHC class I generally present endogenous antigens expressed in the cytosol. In this study, we developed a new antigen delivery tool based on cross presentation of exogenous antigens in DCs by using cytoplasmic transduction peptide (CTP). CTP protein could transduce FoxM1 tumor antigen into the cytosol of DCs, and CTP-FoxM1 fusion protein could stimulate activation and maturation of DCs. DCs pulsed with CTP-FoxM1 could induce specific CTLs. More importantly, the immunity induced by DCs loaded with CTP-FoxM1 could significantly inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in HCC-bearing mice, which was more potent than that induced by DCs loaded with FoxM1 or CTP, alone. Our results indicate that DCs pulsed with CTP-FoxM1 might be a promising vaccine candidate for HCC therapy and provide new insight into the design of DC-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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55
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Ma J, Qi G, Xu J, Ni H, Xu W, Ru G, Zhao Z, Xu W, He X. Overexpression of forkhead box M1 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator in gastric cancer is associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7288-7296. [PMID: 29344165 PMCID: PMC5754915 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are overexpressed and associated with the pathogenesis of multiple types of human malignancy. The aims of the present study were to investigate FOXM1 and uPA expression levels in human gastric cancer using tissue microarray techniques; determining their association with clinicopathological characteristics as well as their prognostic value. Tissue microarray blocks, comprising 436 gastric cancer cases and 92 non-cancerous adjacent normal gastric tissues, were analyzed for FOXM1 and uPA protein expression levels using immunohistochemistry. The results were analyzed statistically in association with various clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival rates. FOXM1 and uPA were detected in 78.67 (343/436) and 83.26% (363/436) of cancer samples, respectively. FOXM1 and uPA were not expressed in the 92 normal gastric tissue samples. In gastric cancer, FOXM1 and uPA levels were associated with tumor size, depth of invasion, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis, vessel invasion and distant metastases. The overall survival rate was significantly decreased in patients expressing FOXM1 and uPA compared with FOXM1- and uPA-negative patients. Coxs multivariate analysis revealed that age, depth of invasion and expression levels of FOXM1 and uPA are independent predictors of survival in patients with gastric cancer. These results indicated that increased FOXM1 and uPA expression levels are associated with the invasive and metastatic processes in human gastric cancer, and inversely associated with patient prognosis. Therefore, FOXM1 and uPA may serve as novel prognostic markers independent of, but supplementing, the TNM staging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Guangwei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Haibing Ni
- Department of Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Wulin Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Ru
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xujun He
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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56
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Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zou X, Chan AW, Zhang R, Lee TKW, Liu H, Lau EYT, Ho NPY, Lai PB, Cheung YS, To KF, Wong HK, Choy KW, Keng VW, Chow LM, Chan KK, Cheng AS, Ko BC. The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-forkhead box protein M1 axis regulates tumour growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Pathol 2017; 243:418-430. [PMID: 28862757 PMCID: PMC5725705 DOI: 10.1002/path.4976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF) is a DNA‐binding protein that interacts with a large number of highly divergent target sequences throughout the genome. It is implicated in a variety of functions, including chromatin organization and transcriptional control. The functional role of CTCF in tumour pathogenesis remains elusive. We showed that CTCF is frequently upregulated in a subset of primary hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) as compared with non‐tumoural liver. Overexpression of CTCF was associated with shorter disease‐free survival of patients. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐mediated suppression of CTCF inhibited cell proliferation, motility and invasiveness in HCC cell lines; these effects were correlated with prominent reductions in the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the shelterin complex member telomerase repeat‐binding factor 1, and forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1). In contrast, upregulation of CTCF was positively correlated with FOXM1 and TERT expression in clinical HCC biopsies. Depletion of CTCF resulted in reduced motility and invasiveness in HCC cells that could be reversed by ectopic expression of FOXM1, suggesting that FOXM1 is one of the important downstream effectors of CTCF in HCC. Reporter gene analysis suggested that depletion of CTCF is associated with reduced FOXM1 and TERT promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis further revealed occupancy of the FOXM1 promoter by CTCF in vivo. Importantly, depletion of CTCF by shRNA significantly inhibited tumour progression and metastasis in HCC mouse models. Our work uncovered a novel functional role of CTCF in HCC pathogenesis, which suggests that targeting CTCF could be further explored as a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Anthony Wh Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Terence Kin-Wah Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Eunice Yuen-Ting Lau
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Nicole Pui-Yu Ho
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Paul Bs Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Yue-Sun Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Hoi Kin Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Vincent W Keng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Larry Mc Chow
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Kenrick Ky Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Alfred S Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Ben Cb Ko
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
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57
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Egawa M, Yoshida Y, Ogura S, Kurahashi T, Kizu T, Furuta K, Kamada Y, Chatani N, Hamano M, Kiso S, Hikita H, Tatsumi T, Eguchi H, Nagano H, Doki Y, Mori M, Takehara T. Increased expression of Forkhead box M1 transcription factor is associated with clinicopathological features and confers a poor prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:1196-1205. [PMID: 28002884 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1) is a proliferation-specific transcription factor. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological and prognostic values of FoxM1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlate FoxM1 expression with various etiologies of liver diseases. We also investigated its therapeutic value in HCC. METHODS We investigated the expression of FoxM1 in tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues of 79 Japanese HCC patients by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Depletion by siRNA or specific inhibition by siomycin A were also used to investigate the effect of FoxM1 inhibition on stem-like features of human HCC cells. RESULTS Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that tumor tissues displayed an approximately 14-fold increase in FoxM1 expression compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Interestingly, the expression levels of FoxM1in tumor tissues did not depend on the etiology of liver disease. The expression of FoxM1 in tumor tissues was associated with serum α-fetoprotein level, maximum tumor size, histological grade, TNM staging, and portal involvement. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the high FoxM1 expression (≥median) group had a poor prognosis compared with the low FoxM1 expression (<median) group. Using multivariate analysis, the expression of FoxM1 in tumor tissues was shown to be an independent prognostic factor that affected overall survival and disease-free survival. Furthermore, FoxM1 inhibition by siRNA or siomycin A reduced spheroid colony formation of HCC cells in vitro. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that FoxM1 might be a prognostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Egawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Kizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Mina Hamano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kiso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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58
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Fan T, Rong Z, Dong J, Li J, Wang K, Wang X, Li H, Chen J, Wang F, Wang J, Wang A. Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling of hepatocellular carcinomas in Hras12V transgenic mice. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2370-2384. [PMID: 28941178 PMCID: PMC5633588 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway is prevalently involved in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its effects on the deregulated cellular metabolic processes involved in HCC in vivo remain unknown. In this study, a mouse model of HCC induced by hepatocyte-specific expression of the Hras12V oncogene was investigated using an integrative analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics data. Consistent with the phenotype of abundant lipid droplets in HCC, the lipid biosynthesis in HCC was significantly enhanced by (1) a sufficient supply of acetyl-CoA from enhanced glycolysis and citrate shuttle activity; (2) a sufficient supply of NADPH from enhanced pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity; (3) upregulation of key enzymes associated with lipid biosynthesis; and (4) downregulation of key enzymes associated with bile acid biosynthesis. In addition, glutathione (GSH) was significantly elevated, which may result from a sufficient supply of 5-oxoproline and L-glutamate as well as an enhanced reduction in the process of GSSG being turned into GSH by NADPH. The high level of GSH along with elevated Bcl2 and Ucp2 expression may contribute to a normal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HCC. In conclusion, our results suggest that the lipid metabolism, glycolysis, PPP, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, citrate shuttle activity, bile acid synthesis, and redox homeostasis in the HCC induced by ras oncogene are significantly perturbed, and these altered metabolic processes may play crucial roles in the carcinogenesis, development, and pathological characteristics of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fan
- Laboratory animal center, Dalian medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Zhuona Rong
- Laboratory animal center, Dalian medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Jianyi Dong
- Laboratory animal center, Dalian medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Juan Li
- Laboratory animal center, Dalian medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Kangwei Wang
- Laboratory animal center, Dalian medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Laboratory animal center, Dalian medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Laboratory animal center, Dalian medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Laboratory animal center, Dalian medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Fujin Wang
- Laboratory animal center, Dalian medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Laboratory animal center, Dalian medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Laboratory animal center, Dalian medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
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59
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Nandi D, Cheema PS, Jaiswal N, Nag A. FoxM1: Repurposing an oncogene as a biomarker. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 52:74-84. [PMID: 28855104 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a tremendous progress in understanding the biology of cancer, which has led to more comprehensive approaches for global gene expression profiling and genome-wide analysis. This has helped to determine more sophisticated prognostic and predictive signature markers for the prompt diagnosis and precise screening of cancer patients. In the search for novel biomarkers, there has been increased interest in FoxM1, an extensively studied transcription factor that encompasses most of the hallmarks of malignancy. Considering the attractive potential of this multifarious oncogene, FoxM1 has emerged as an important molecule implicated in initiation, development and progression of cancer. Bolstered with the skill to maneuver the proliferation signals, FoxM1 bestows resistance to contemporary anti-cancer therapy as well. This review sheds light on the large body of literature that has accumulated in recent years that implies that FoxM1 neoplastic functions can be used as a novel predictive, prognostic and therapeutic marker for different cancers. This assessment also highlights the key features of FoxM1 that can be effectively harnessed to establish FoxM1 as a strong biomarker in diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeptashree Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Neha Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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60
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Guo L, Ding Z, Huang N, Huang Z, Zhang N, Xia Z. Forkhead Box M1 positively regulates UBE2C and protects glioma cells from autophagic death. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1705-1718. [PMID: 28767320 PMCID: PMC5602297 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1356507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) is characterized as a crucial molecule in cancer cell growth that plays an essential role in the development of gliomas, but the detailed mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that Forkhead box transcription factor M1 (FoxM1) overexpression increased UBE2C expression, whereas FoxM1 suppression inhibited UBE2C expression in glioma cells. In addition, high FoxM1/UBE2C expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in glioma. We subsequently demonstrated that UBE2C was a direct transcriptional target of FoxM1, and site-directed mutations markedly down-regulated UBE2C promoter activity. Moreover, UBE2C siRNA (si-UBE2C) significantly induced glioma cell autophagy and increased both mCherry-LC3 punctate fluorescence and LC3B-II/LC3-I expression. Notably, the si-UBE2C-induced decrease in cell viability was markedly inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1. The silencing of UBE2C resulted in a distinct inhibition of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, which functions in the negative modulation of autophagy. Collectively, our findings provide clinical and molecular evidence that FoxM1 promotes glioma progression by enhancing UBE2C transcription and that the inhibition of UBE2C partially induces autophagic glioma cell death. Thus, targeting the FoxM1-UBE2C axis has therapeutic potential in the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Zhiming Ding
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Nunu Huang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Zhengsong Huang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Nu Zhang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Zhibo Xia
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
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61
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Zhang W, Duan N, Song T, Li Z, Zhang C, Chen X. The Emerging Roles of Forkhead Box (FOX) Proteins in Osteosarcoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:1619-1628. [PMID: 28775781 PMCID: PMC5535717 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer primarily occurring in children and young adults. Over the past few years, the deregulation of a superfamily transcription factors, known as forkhead box (FOX) proteins, has been demonstrated to contribute to the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Molecular mechanism studies have demonstrated that FOX family proteins participate in a variety of signaling pathways and that their expression can be regulated by multiple factors. The dysfunction of FOX genes can alter osteosarcoma cell differentiation, metastasis and progression. In this review, we summarized the evidence that FOX genes play direct or indirect roles in the development and progression of osteosarcoma, and evaluated the emerging role of FOX proteins as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital affiliated to medical college of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
| | - Ning Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital affiliated to medical college of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital affiliated to medical college of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital affiliated to medical college of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
| | - Caiguo Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital affiliated to medical college of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
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Mukhopadhyay NK, Chand V, Pandey A, Kopanja D, Carr JR, Chen YJ, Liao X, Raychaudhuri P. Plk1 Regulates the Repressor Function of FoxM1b by inhibiting its Interaction with the Retinoblastoma Protein. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46017. [PMID: 28387346 PMCID: PMC5384083 DOI: 10.1038/srep46017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FoxM1b is a cell cycle-regulated transcription factor, whose over-expression is a marker for poor outcome in cancers. Its transcriptional activation function requires phosphorylation by Cdk1 or Cdk2 that primes FoxM1b for phosphorylation by Plk1, which triggers association with the co-activator CBP. FoxM1b also possesses transcriptional repression function. It represses the mammary differentiation gene GATA3 involving DNMT3b and Rb. We investigated what determines the two distinct functions of FoxM1b: activation and repression. We show that Rb binds to the C-terminal activation domain of FoxM1b. Analyses with phospho-defective and phospho-mimetic mutants of FoxM1b identified a critical role of the Plk1 phosphorylation sites in regulating the binding of FoxM1b to Rb and DNMT3b. That is opposite of what was seen for the interaction of FoxM1b with CBP. We show that, in addition to GATA3, FoxM1b also represses the mammary luminal differentiation marker FoxA1 by promoter-methylation, and that is regulated by the Plk1 phosphorylation sites in FoxM1b. Our results show that the Plk1 phosphorylation sites in FoxM1b serve as a regulator for its repressor function, and they provide insights into how FoxM1b inhibits differentiation genes and activates proliferation genes during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishit K. Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Vaibhav Chand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Akshay Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Dragana Kopanja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Janai R. Carr
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiubei Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Pradip Raychaudhuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, 900 S, USA Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL-60607, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL-60612, USA
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63
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Li J, Guo L, Ai Z. An integrated analysis of cancer genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Future Oncol 2017; 13:715-725. [PMID: 28266251 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study was performed to detect driver genes and implement integrated analyses on these drivers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS Driver genes and pathways were predicted by OncodriveFM and Dendrix using 39,636 somatic mutations from The Cancer Genome Atlas, followed by DNA methylation, copy number variation, differential expression and survival analyses. RESULTS Overall, 342 driver genes and 106 pathways were determined by OncodriveFM, two driver genes by Dendrix. 28 driver genes were found hypomethylated, overexpressed and associated to a poor prognosis. By contrast, 17 driver genes showed decreased expression, hypermethylation and indicated a better outcome in ccRCC. CONCLUSION The set of new cancer genes and pathways opens the avenue for developing potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Shanghai tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The Shanghai ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zisheng Ai
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
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64
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Shang R, Pu M, Li Y, Wang D. FOXM1 regulates glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma by transactivating glucose transporter 1 expression. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2261-2269. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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65
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Wang D, Hu G, Du Y, Zhang C, Lu Q, Lv N, Luo S. Aberrant activation of hedgehog signaling promotes cell proliferation via the transcriptional activation of forkhead Box M1 in colorectal cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:23. [PMID: 28148279 PMCID: PMC5288899 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that the aberrant activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling by Gli transcription factors is characteristic of a variety of aggressive human carcinomas, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) controls the expression of a number of cell cycle regulatory proteins, and FoxM1 expression is elevated in a broad range of human malignancies, which suggests that it plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying FoxM1 expression are not fully understood. Here, we aim to further investigate the molecular mechanism by which Gli1 regulates FoxM1 in CRC. METHODS Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to evaluate FoxM1 and Gli1 protein expression, respectively, in CRC tissues and matched adjacent normal mucosa. BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) and clone formation assays were used to clarify the influence of FoxM1 on CRC cell growth and proliferation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase experiments were performed to explore the potential mechanisms by which Gli1 regulates FoxM1. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expression levels of Gli1 and FoxM1 in six CRC cell lines were measured using Western blotting and real-time PCR. Finally, the effect of Hh signaling on the expression of FoxM1 was studied in cell biology experiments, and the effects of Hh signaling activation and FoxM1 inhibition on the distribution of CRC cells among cell cycle phases was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Gli1 and FoxM1 were abnormally elevated in human CRC tissues compared with matched adjacent normal mucosa samples, and FoxM1 is a downstream target gene of the transcription factor Gli1 in CRC and promoted CRC cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, the aberrant activation of Hh signaling promoted CRC cell proliferation by directly binding to the promoter of FoxM1 and transactivating the activity of FoxM1 in CRC cells. CONCLUSION The dysregulation of the Hh-Gli1-FoxM1 axis is essential for the proliferation and growth of human CRC cells and offers a potent target for therapeutic intervention in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeJie Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Guohui Hu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, Nancahng, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Ying Du
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, Nancahng, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, Nancahng, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Quqin Lu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Nonghua Lv
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China. .,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, Nancahng, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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66
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Wang SH, Ma F, Tang ZH, Wu XC, Cai Q, Zhang MD, Weng MZ, Zhou D, Wang JD, Quan ZW. Long non-coding RNA H19 regulates FOXM1 expression by competitively binding endogenous miR-342-3p in gallbladder cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:160. [PMID: 27716361 PMCID: PMC5048611 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has been reported to involve in many kinds of human cancers and functions as an oncogene. Our previous study found that H19 was over-expressed in gallbladder cancer (GBC) and was shown to promote tumor development in GBC. However, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network involving H19 in GBC progression has not been fully elucidated. We aim to detect the role of H19 as a ceRNA in GBC. Methods and Results In this study, the expression of H19 and miR-342-3p were analyzed in 35 GBC tissues and matched normal tissues by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We demonstrated H19 was overexpressed and negatively correlated with miR-342-3p in GBC. By dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays, we verified that H19 was identified as a direct target of miR-342-3p. QRT-PCR and Western-blotting assays demonstrated that H19 silencing down-regulated, whereas over-expression enhanced the expression of miR-342-3p targeting FOXM1 through competitively ‘sponging’ miR-342-3p. Furthermore, transwell invasion assays and cell cycle assays indicated that H19 knockdown inhibited both cells invasion and proliferation, but this effects was attenuated by co-transfection of siRNA-H19 and miR-342-3p inhibitor in GBC cells. In vivo, tumor volumes were decreased significantly in H19 silenced group compared to the control group, but was attenuated by co-transfection of shRNA-H19 and miR-342-3p inhibitor, which were stablely constructed through lenti-virus vector. Conclusion Our results suggest a potential ceRNA regulatory network involving H19 regulates FOXM1 expression by competitively binding endogenous miR-342-3p in GBC. This mechanism may contribute to a better understanding of GBC pathogenesis and provides potential therapeutic strategy for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Hua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Xiao-Cai Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Ming-Di Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jian-Dong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Quan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200000, China.
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Wang K, Zhu X, Zhang K, Zhu L, Zhou F. FoxM1 inhibition enhances chemosensitivity of docetaxel-resistant A549 cells to docetaxel via activation of JNK/mitochondrial pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:804-9. [PMID: 27521795 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel is recommended as a second-line chemotherapy agent for the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, drug resistance greatly limits its efficiency. Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), an oncogenic transcription factor, is believed to be involved in the chemoresistance of various human cancers; whereas the association of FoxM1 with acquired docetaxel-resistance in NSCLC remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of FoxM1 in the docetaxel-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells (A549/DTX). Our results showed that FoxM1 expression was significantly increased in the A549/DTX cells compared with that in the parental A549 cells. FoxM1 siRNA silencing promoted the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effect of docetaxel in A549/DTX cells, which was possibly mediated through inducing the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases/mitochondrial signaling pathway. Our results suggest a critical role of FoxM1 in docetaxel-resistance of the A549 cells and form the basis for the development of combined therapy of docetaxel and FoxM1 depletion in treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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68
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Gu C, Yang Y, Sompallae R, Xu H, Tompkins VS, Holman C, Hose D, Goldschmidt H, Tricot G, Zhan F, Janz S. FOXM1 is a therapeutic target for high-risk multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2016; 30:873-82. [PMID: 26648534 PMCID: PMC4826574 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a validated oncoprotein in solid cancers, but its role in malignant plasma cell tumors such as multiple myeloma (MM) is unknown. We analyzed publicly available MM data sets and found that overexpression of FOXM1 prognosticates inferior outcome in a subset (~15%) of newly diagnosed cases, particularly patients with high-risk disease based on global gene expression changes. Follow-up studies using human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) as the principal experimental model system demonstrated that enforced expression of FOXM1 increased growth, survival and clonogenicity of myeloma cells, whereas knockdown of FOXM1 abolished these features. In agreement with that, constitutive upregulation of FOXM1 promoted HMCL xenografts in laboratory mice, whereas inducible knockdown of FOXM1 led to growth inhibition. Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2) was coregulated with FOXM1 in both HMCLs and myeloma patient samples, suggesting interaction of these three genes in a genetic network that may lend itself to targeting with small-drug inhibitors for new approaches to myeloma therapy and prevention. These results establish FOXM1 as high-risk myeloma gene and provide support for the design and testing of FOXM1-targeted therapies specifically for the FOXM1(High) subset of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Gu
- Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210046 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242 Iowa, USA
| | - Ye Yang
- Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210046 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242 Iowa, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Sompallae
- Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210046 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Bioinformatics Core Facility, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242 Iowa, USA
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242 Iowa, USA
| | - Van S. Tompkins
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242 Iowa, USA
| | - Carol Holman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242 Iowa, USA
| | - Dirk Hose
- Medizinische Klinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Medizinische Klinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Tricot
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242 Iowa, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242 Iowa, USA
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242 Iowa, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242 Iowa, USA
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242 Iowa, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242 Iowa, USA
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