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Lin HA, Gupta MS, Varma DM, Gilchrist ML, Nicoll SB. Lower crosslinking density enhances functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix elaboration by human mesenchymal stem cells in carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:165-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huizi A. Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The City College of New York; New York New York
| | - Michelle S. Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The City College of New York; New York New York
| | - Devika M. Varma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The City College of New York; New York New York
| | - M. Lane Gilchrist
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The City College of New York; New York City New York
| | - Steven B. Nicoll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The City College of New York; New York New York
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Ravanbod R, Torkaman G, Mophid M, Mohammadali F. Experimental study on the role of intra-articular injection of MSCs on cartilage regeneration in haemophilia. Haemophilia 2015; 21:693-701. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ravanbod
- Department of Physical Therapy; Biomechanical Research Laboratory; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - G. Torkaman
- Department of Physical Therapy; Biomechanical Research Laboratory; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - M. Mophid
- Department of Histology; Baquiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - F. Mohammadali
- Department of Hematology; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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53
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Castro NJ, Patel R, Zhang LG. Design of a Novel 3D Printed Bioactive Nanocomposite Scaffold for Improved Osteochondral Regeneration. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015; 8:416-432. [PMID: 26366231 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic and acute osteochondral defects as a result of osteoarthritis and trauma present a common and serious clinical problem due to the tissue's inherent complexity and poor regenerative capacity. In addition, cells within the osteochondral tissue are in intimate contact with a 3D nanostructured extracellular matrix composed of numerous bioactive organic and inorganic components. As an emerging manufacturing technique, 3D printing offers great precision and control over the microarchitecture, shape and composition of tissue scaffolds. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a biomimetic 3D printed nanocomposite scaffold with integrated differentiation cues for improved osteochondral tissue regeneration. Through the combination of novel nano-inks composed of organic and inorganic bioactive factors and advanced 3D printing, we have successfully fabricated a series of novel constructs which closely mimic the native 3D extracellular environment with hierarchical nanoroughness, microstructure and spatiotemporal bioactive cues. Our results illustrate several key characteristics of the 3D printed nanocomposite scaffold to include improved mechanical properties as well as excellent cytocompatibility for enhanced human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteochondral differentiation in vitro. The present work further illustrates the effectiveness of the scaffolds developed here as a promising and highly tunable platform for osteochondral tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Castro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22 street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052
| | - Romil Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22 street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22 street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052 ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22 street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052 ; Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, 800 22 street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052
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Kim SH, Kim SH, Jung Y. TGF-β3 encapsulated PLCL scaffold by a supercritical CO2-HFIP co-solvent system for cartilage tissue engineering. J Control Release 2015; 206:101-7. [PMID: 25804870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking the native tissue microenvironment is critical for effective tissue regeneration. Mechanical cues and sustained biological cues are important factors, particularly in load-bearing tissues such as articular cartilage or bone. Carriers including hydrogels and nanoparticles have been investigated to achieve sustained release of protein drugs. However, it is difficult to apply such carriers alone as scaffolds for cartilage regeneration because of their weak mechanical properties, and they must be combined with other biomaterials that have adequate mechanical strength. In this study, we developed the multifunctional scaffold which has similar mechanical properties to those of native cartilage and encapsulates TGF-β3 for chondrogenesis. In our previous work, we confirmed that poly(lactide-co-caprolacton) (PLCL) did not foam when exposed to supercritical CO2 below 45°C. Here, we used a supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) co-solvent system to facilitate processing under mild conditions because high temperature causes protein denaturation and decreases bioactivity of the protein. This processing made it possible to fabricate a TGF-β3 encapsulated elastic porous PLCL scaffold at 37°C. We investigated the tissue regeneration efficiency of the TGF-β3 encapsulated PLCL scaffold using human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro and in vivo (Groups; i. PLCL scaffold+Fibrin gel+TGF-β3, ii. TGF-β3 encapsulated PLCL scaffold+Fibrin gel, iii. TGF-β3 encapsulated PLCL scaffold). We evaluated the chondrogenic abilities of the scaffolds at 4, 8, and 12weeks after subcutaneous implantation of the constructs in immune-deficient mice. Based on TGF-β3 release studies, we confirmed that TGF-β3 molecules were released by 8weeks and remained in the PLCL matrix. Explants of TGF-β3 encapsulated scaffolds by a co-solvent system exhibited distinct improvement in the compressive E-modulus and deposition of extracellular matrix. Furthermore, long-term delivery of TGF-β3 formed a hyaline cartilage-specific lacunae structure and prevented the hypertrophy of differentiated chondrocytes. TGF-β3 encapsulated PLCL scaffolds would be useful as functional scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hee Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; NBIT, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; NBIT, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea; Korea University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; Korea University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.
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55
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Gupta MS, Nicoll SB. Duration of TGF-β3 Exposure Impacts the Chondrogenic Maturation of Human MSCs in Photocrosslinked Carboxymethylcellulose Hydrogels. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 43:1145-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Jagielski M, Wolf J, Marzahn U, Völker A, Lemke M, Meier C, Ertel W, Godkin O, Arens S, Schulze-Tanzil G. The influence of IL-10 and TNFα on chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells in three-dimensional cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15821-44. [PMID: 25207597 PMCID: PMC4200793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrogenic differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for articular cartilage repair. This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of two three-dimensional (3D) culture systems for chondrogenic MSC differentiation in comparison to primary chondrocytes and to assess the effect of Interleukin (IL)-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)α on chondrogenesis by MSCs in 3D high-density (H-D) culture. MSCs were isolated from femur spongiosa, characterized using a set of typical markers and introduced in scaffold-free H-D cultures or non-woven polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds for chondrogenic differentiation. H-D cultures were stimulated with recombinant IL-10, TNFα, TNFα + IL-10 or remained untreated. Gene and protein expression of type II collagen, aggrecan, sox9 and TNFα were examined. MSCs expressed typical cell surface markers and revealed multipotency. Chondrogenic differentiated cells expressed cartilage-specific markers in both culture systems but to a lower extent when compared with articular chondrocytes. Chondrogenesis was more pronounced in PGA compared with H-D culture. IL-10 and/or TNFα did not impair the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Moreover, in most of the investigated samples, despite not reaching significance level, IL-10 had a stimulatory effect on the type II collagen, aggrecan and TNFα expression when compared with the respective controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Jagielski
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Johannes Wolf
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Marzahn
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Anna Völker
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Marion Lemke
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Carola Meier
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Ertel
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Owen Godkin
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Stephan Arens
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
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Zhu S, Chen P, Wu Y, Xiong S, Sun H, Xia Q, Shi L, Liu H, Ouyang HW. Programmed Application of Transforming Growth Factor β3 and Rac1 Inhibitor NSC23766 Committed Hyaline Cartilage Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Osteochondral Defect Repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1242-51. [PMID: 25154784 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage differentiation is always the challenge with application of stem cells for joint repair. Transforming growth factors (TGFs) and bone morphogenetic proteins can initiate cartilage differentiation but often lead to hypertrophy and calcification, related to abnormal Rac1 activity. In this study, we developed a strategy of programmed application of TGFβ3 and Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 to commit the hyaline cartilage differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for joint cartilage repair. ADSCs were isolated and cultured in a micromass and pellet culture model to evaluate chondrogenic and hypertrophic differentiation. The function of Rac1 was investigated with constitutively active Rac1 mutant and dominant negative Rac1 mutant. The efficacy of ADSCs with programmed application of TGFβ3 and Rac1 inhibitor for cartilage repair was studied in a rat model of osteochondral defects. The results showed that TGFβ3 promoted ADSCs chondro-lineage differentiation and that NSC23766 prevented ADSC-derived chondrocytes from hypertrophy in vitro. The combination of ADSCs, TGFβ3, and NSC23766 promoted quality osteochondral defect repair in rats with much less chondrocytes hypertrophy and significantly higher International Cartilage Repair Society macroscopic and microscopic scores. The findings have illustrated that programmed application of TGFβ3 and Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 can commit ADSCs to chondro-lineage differentiation and improve the efficacy of ADSCs for cartilage defect repair. These findings suggest a promising stem cell-based strategy for articular cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouan Zhu
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Xiong
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Xia
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Shi
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wei Ouyang
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Ansboro S, Hayes JS, Barron V, Browne S, Howard L, Greiser U, Lalor P, Shannon F, Barry FP, Pandit A, Murphy JM. A chondromimetic microsphere for in situ spatially controlled chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Control Release 2014; 179:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Scaffold-mediated lentiviral transduction for functional tissue engineering of cartilage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E798-806. [PMID: 24550481 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321744111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to develop tissue constructs with matrix composition and biomechanical properties that promote rapid tissue repair or regeneration remains an enduring challenge in musculoskeletal engineering. Current approaches require extensive cell manipulation ex vivo, using exogenous growth factors to drive tissue-specific differentiation, matrix accumulation, and mechanical properties, thus limiting their potential clinical utility. The ability to induce and maintain differentiation of stem cells in situ could bypass these steps and enhance the success of engineering approaches for tissue regeneration. The goal of this study was to generate a self-contained bioactive scaffold capable of mediating stem cell differentiation and formation of a cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) using a lentivirus-based method. We first showed that poly-L-lysine could immobilize lentivirus to poly(ε-caprolactone) films and facilitate human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) transduction. We then demonstrated that scaffold-mediated gene delivery of transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3), using a 3D woven poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffold, induced robust cartilaginous ECM formation by hMSCs. Chondrogenesis induced by scaffold-mediated gene delivery was as effective as traditional differentiation protocols involving medium supplementation with TGF-β3, as assessed by gene expression, biochemical, and biomechanical analyses. Using lentiviral vectors immobilized on a biomechanically functional scaffold, we have developed a system to achieve sustained transgene expression and ECM formation by hMSCs. This method opens new avenues in the development of bioactive implants that circumvent the need for ex vivo tissue generation by enabling the long-term goal of in situ tissue engineering.
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60
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Karamichos D, Funderburgh ML, Hutcheon AEK, Zieske JD, Du Y, Wu J, Funderburgh JL. A role for topographic cues in the organization of collagenous matrix by corneal fibroblasts and stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86260. [PMID: 24465995 PMCID: PMC3897697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human corneal fibroblasts (HCF) and corneal stromal stem cells (CSSC) each secrete and organize a thick stroma-like extracellular matrix in response to different substrata, but neither cell type organizes matrix on tissue-culture polystyrene. This study compared cell differentiation and extracellular matrix secreted by these two cell types when they were cultured on identical substrata, polycarbonate Transwell filters. After 4 weeks in culture, both cell types upregulated expression of genes marking differentiated keratocytes (KERA, CHST6, AQP1, B3GNT7). Absolute expression levels of these genes and secretion of keratan sulfate proteoglycans were significantly greater in CSSC than HCF. Both cultures produced extensive extracellular matrix of aligned collagen fibrils types I and V, exhibiting cornea-like lamellar structure. Unlike HCF, CSSC produced little matrix in the presence of serum. Construct thickness and collagen organization was enhanced by TGF-ß3. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the polycarbonate membrane revealed shallow parallel grooves with spacing of 200–300 nm, similar to the topography of aligned nanofiber substratum which we previously showed to induce matrix organization by CSSC. These results demonstrate that both corneal fibroblasts and stromal stem cells respond to a specific pattern of topographical cues by secreting highly organized extracellular matrix typical of corneal stroma. The data also suggest that the potential for matrix secretion and organization may not be directly related to the expression of molecular markers used to identify differentiated keratocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Karamichos
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Martha L. Funderburgh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Audrey E. K. Hutcheon
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James D. Zieske
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yiqin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James L. Funderburgh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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61
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Castro NJ, O'Brien CM, Zhang LG. Biomimetic biphasic 3-D nanocomposite scaffold for osteochondral regeneration. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Castro
- Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; The George Washington University; Washington DC 20052
| | - Christopher M. O'Brien
- Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; The George Washington University; Washington DC 20052
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Dept. of Medicine; The George Washington University; Washington DC 20052
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62
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Yang YH, Barabino GA. Differential morphology and homogeneity of tissue-engineered cartilage in hydrodynamic cultivation with transient exposure to insulin-like growth factor-1 and transforming growth factor-β1. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2349-60. [PMID: 23672482 PMCID: PMC3807706 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful tissue-engineering strategies for cartilage repair must maximize the efficacy of chondrocytes within their limited life span. To that end, the combination of exogenous growth factors with mechanical stimuli holds promise for development of clinically relevant cartilage tissue substitutes. The current study aimed to determine whether incorporation of transient exposure to growth factors into a hydrodynamic bioreactor system can improve the functional maturation of tissue-engineered cartilage. Chondrocyte-seeded polyglycolic acid scaffolds were cultivated within a wavy-walled bioreactor that imparts fluid flow-induced shear stress for 4 weeks. Constructs were nourished with 100 ng/mL insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or 10 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) either for the first 15 days of the culture (transient) or throughout the entire cultivation (continuous). Transiently treated constructs were found to exhibit better functional properties than continuously nourished constructs. The limited development of engineered tissues continuously stimulated by IGF-1 or TGF-β1 was related to massive growth factor leftovers in the environments that downregulated the expression of the associated receptors. Treatment with TGF-β1 eliminated the formation of a fibrous capsule at the construct periphery possibly through suppression of Smad3 phosphorylation, yielding constructs with greater homogeneity. Furthermore, TGF-β1 reversely regulated Smad2 and Smad3 pathways in articular chondrocytes under hydrodynamic stimuli partially via Smad7. Collectively, transient exposure to growth factors is likely to maintain chondrocyte homeostasis, and thus promotes their anabolic activities under hydrodynamic stimuli. The present work suggests that robust hydrodynamically engineered neocartilage with a reduced fibrotic response and enhanced tissue homogeneity can be achieved through optimization of growth factor supplementation protocols and potentially through manipulation of intracellular signals such as Smad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsun Yang
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
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63
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Farrell MJ, Fisher MB, Huang AH, Shin JI, Farrell KM, Mauck RL. Functional properties of bone marrow-derived MSC-based engineered cartilage are unstable with very long-term in vitro culture. J Biomech 2013; 47:2173-82. [PMID: 24239005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The success of stem cell-based cartilage repair requires that the regenerate tissue reach a stable state. To investigate the long-term stability of tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we assessed the development of compressive mechanical properties of chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden three dimensional agarose constructs cultured in a well defined chondrogenic in vitro environment through 112 days. Consistent with previous reports, in the presence of TGF-β, chondrocytes outperformed MSCs through day 56, under both free swelling and dynamic culture conditions, with MSC-laden constructs reaching a plateau in mechanical properties between days 28 and 56. Extending cultures through day 112 revealed that MSCs did not simply experience a lag in chondrogenesis, but rather that construct mechanical properties never matched those of chondrocyte-laden constructs. After 56 days, MSC-laden constructs underwent a marked reversal in their growth trajectory, with significant declines in glycosaminoglycan content and mechanical properties. Quantification of viability showed marked differences in cell health between chondrocytes and MSCs throughout the culture period, with MSC-laden construct cell viability falling to very low levels at these extended time points. These results were not dependent on the material environment, as similar findings were observed in a photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system that is highly supportive of MSC chondrogenesis. These data suggest that, even within a controlled in vitro environment that is conducive to chondrogenesis, there may be an innate instability in the MSC phenotype that is independent of scaffold composition, and may ultimately limit their application in functional cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Farrell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Matthew B Fisher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Alice H Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - John I Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Kimberly M Farrell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert L Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Naderi-Meshkin H, Andreas K, Matin MM, Sittinger M, Bidkhori HR, Ahmadiankia N, Bahrami AR, Ringe J. Chitosan-based injectable hydrogel as a promising in situ forming scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Cell Biol Int 2013; 38:72-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Department of Biology; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Department; Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR); Mashhad Branch Mashhad Iran
| | - Kristin Andreas
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
- Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Michael Sittinger
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Department; Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR); Mashhad Branch Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Department; Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR); Mashhad Branch Mashhad Iran
- Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Jochen Ringe
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117 Germany
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Dahlin RL, Ni M, Meretoja VV, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. TGF-β3-induced chondrogenesis in co-cultures of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells on biodegradable scaffolds. Biomaterials 2013; 35:123-32. [PMID: 24125773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, it was hypothesized that co-cultures of articular chondrocytes (ACs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would exhibit enhanced sensitivity to chondrogenic stimuli, such as TGF-β3, and would require a reduced concentration of TGF-β3 to achieve an equivalent level of chondrogenesis compared to monocultures of each cell type. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that compared to monocultures, the chondrogenic phenotype of AC/MSC co-cultures would be more stable upon the removal of TGF-β3 from the culture medium. These hypotheses were investigated by culturing ACs and MSCs alone and in a 1:3 ratio on electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds. All cell populations were cultured for two weeks with 0, 1, 3, or 10 ng/ml of TGF-β3. After two weeks growth factor supplementation was removed, and the constructs were cultured for two additional weeks. Cell proliferation, extracellular matrix production, and chondrogenic gene expression were evaluated after two and four weeks. The results demonstrated that co-cultures of ACs and MSCs require a reduced concentration and duration of TGF-β3 exposure to achieve an equivalent level of chondrogenesis compared to AC or MSC monocultures. Thus, the present work implicates that the promise of co-cultures for cartilage engineering is enhanced by their robust phenotype and heightened sensitivity to TGF-β3.
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Hydrogels that mimic developmentally relevant matrix and N-cadherin interactions enhance MSC chondrogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:10117-22. [PMID: 23733927 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1214100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels provide a backbone polymer with which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can interact through several cell surface receptors that are expressed by MSCs, including CD44 and CD168. Previous studies showed that this 3D hydrogel environment supports the chondrogenesis of MSCs, and here we demonstrate through functional blockade that these specific cell-material interactions play a role in this process. Beyond matrix interactions, cadherin molecules, a family of transmembrane glycoproteins, play a critical role in tissue development during embryogenesis, and N-cadherin is a key factor in mediating cell-cell interactions during mesenchymal condensation and chondrogenesis. In this study, we functionalized HA hydrogels with N-cadherin mimetic peptides and evaluated their role in regulating chondrogenesis and cartilage matrix deposition by encapsulated MSCs. Our results show that conjugation of cadherin peptides onto HA hydrogels promotes both early chondrogenesis of MSCs and cartilage-specific matrix production with culture, compared with unmodified controls or those with inclusion of a scrambled peptide domain. This enhanced chondrogenesis was abolished via treatment with N-cadherin-specific antibodies, confirming the contribution of these N-cadherin peptides to chondrogenesis. Subcutaneous implantation of MSC-seeded constructs also showed superior neocartilage formation in implants functionalized with N-cadherin mimetic peptides compared with controls. This study demonstrates the inherent biologic activity of HA-based hydrogels, as well as the promise of biofunctionalizing HA hydrogels to emulate the complexity of the natural cell microenvironment during embryogenesis, particularly in stem cell-based cartilage regeneration.
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67
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Lau TT, Wang DA. Bioresponsive hydrogel scaffolding systems for 3D constructions in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:655-68. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the diversity of scaffolding systems available, hydrogel remains a popular choice for tissue engineering applications. The current state-of-the-art bioresponsive hydrogels demand intricate designs in pursuit of acquiring desired timely responses, such as controlled release of biological factors, changes in mechanical properties and scaffold degradation, at the same rate as the natural extracellular matrix. In this review, a variety of bioresponsive hydrogels are discussed; in particular, bioactive and biodegradable hydrogels that facilitate cellular development and tissue morphogenesis are highlighted. Bioactive hydrogels are designed to deliver biomolecules such as cell-adhesive moieties and instructive ligands at close proximity to the cell for better uptake or exposure. Biodegradable hydrogels provide transient scaffolding support for therapeutic cell settlement while gradually degrading in response to physical or enzymatic stimuli. In addition, biomechanical stimuli from hydrogels can induce mutual constructive responses on cells and, hence, will also be covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ting Lau
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, N1.3-B2-13, 637457, Singapore
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, N1.3-B2-13, 637457, Singapore
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Kim K, Lam J, Lu S, Spicer PP, Lueckgen A, Tabata Y, Wong ME, Jansen JA, Mikos AG, Kasper FK. Osteochondral tissue regeneration using a bilayered composite hydrogel with modulating dual growth factor release kinetics in a rabbit model. J Control Release 2013; 168:166-78. [PMID: 23541928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) composite hydrogels have been investigated for the delivery of growth factors (GFs) with the aid of gelatin microparticles (GMPs) and stem cell populations for osteochondral tissue regeneration. In this study, a bilayered OPF composite hydrogel that mimics the distinctive hierarchical structure of native osteochondral tissue was utilized to investigate the effect of transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) with varying release kinetics and/or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on osteochondral tissue regeneration in a rabbit full-thickness osteochondral defect model. The four groups investigated included (i) a blank control (no GFs), (ii) GMP-loaded IGF-1 alone, (iii) GMP-loaded IGF-1 and gel-loaded TGF-β3, and (iv) GMP-loaded IGF-1 and GMP-loaded TGF-β3 in OPF composite hydrogels. The results of an in vitro release study demonstrated that TGF-β3 release kinetics could be modulated by the GF incorporation method. At 12weeks post-implantation, the quality of tissue repair in both chondral and subchondral layers was analyzed based on quantitative histological scoring. All groups incorporating GFs resulted in a significant improvement in cartilage morphology compared to the control. Single delivery of IGF-1 showed higher scores in subchondral bone morphology as well as chondrocyte and glycosaminoglycan amount in adjacent cartilage tissue when compared to a dual delivery of IGF-1 and TGF-β3, independent of the TGF-β3 release kinetics. The results suggest that although the dual delivery of TGF-β3 and IGF-1 may not synergistically enhance the quality of engineered tissue, the delivery of IGF-1 alone from bilayered composite hydrogels positively affects osteochondral tissue repair and holds promise for osteochondral tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyobum Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, USA
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