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Jamar G, Estadella D, Pisani LP. Contribution of anthocyanin-rich foods in obesity control through gut microbiota interactions. Biofactors 2017; 43:507-516. [PMID: 28504479 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation and a number of metabolic disorders. Distal gut microbes' content (microbiota) is not yet fully understood but evidence shows that it is influenced by internal and external factors that modulate its composition and function. The evidence that gut microbiota composition can differ between healthy and obese individuals, as well as for those who maintain specific dietary habits, has led to the study of this environmental factor as a key link between the pathophysiology of obesity and gut microbiota. Data obtained about the role of anthocyanins (ACNs) in microbiota may lead to different strategies to manipulate bacterial populations and promote health. Anthocyanins have been identified as modulators of gut microbiota that contribute to obesity control and these bioactive compounds should be considered to have a prebiotic action. This review addresses the relevance of knowledge about the influence of anthocyanins-rich food consumption on microbiota, and their health-promoting potential in the pathophysiology of obesity. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):507-516, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Jamar
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Estadella
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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52
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Lacombe A, Wu VCH. The potential of berries to serve as selective inhibitors of pathogens and promoters of beneficial microorganisms. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/fqs/fyx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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53
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Shi M, Loftus H, McAinch AJ, Su XQ. Blueberry as a source of bioactive compounds for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes and chronic inflammation. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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54
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Shim SY, Lee KD, Lee M. Vaccinium angustifolium Root Extract Suppresses FcɛRI Expression in Human Basophilic KU812F Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2017; 22:9-15. [PMID: 28401082 PMCID: PMC5383136 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinium angustifolium, commonly known as the lowbush blueberry, is a rich source of flavonoids, with which various human physiological activities have been associated. The present study focuses on the investigation of the effect of the methanolic extract of V. angustifolium root extract (VAE) on high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor (FcɛRI) α chain antibody (CRA-1)-induced allergic reaction in human basophilic KU812F cells. The total phenolic content of VAE was found to be 170±1.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the cell surface expression of FcɛRI was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner upon culture with VAE. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the mRNA level of the FcɛRI α chain was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner as a result of VAE treatment. Western blot analysis revealed that the protein expression of FcɛRI and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 were concentration-dependently inhibited by VAE. We determined that VAE inhibited anti-CRA-1-induced histamine release, in addition to the elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that VAE may exert an anti-allergic effect via the inhibition of calcium influx and histamine release, which occurs as a result of the down-regulation of FcɛRI expression through inhibition of ERK 1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Yup Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922,
Korea
| | - Kyung Dong Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Materials, Dongsin University, Jeonnam 58245,
Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922,
Korea
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55
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Stull AJ. Blueberries' Impact on Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:E44. [PMID: 27916833 PMCID: PMC5187542 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberries are a rich source of polyphenols, which include anthocyanin bioactive compounds. Epidemiological evidence indicates that incorporating blueberries into the diet may lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). These findings are supported by pre-clinical and clinical studies that have shown improvements in insulin resistance (i.e., increased insulin sensitivity) after obese and insulin-resistant rodents or humans consumed blueberries. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin tolerance tests, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. Additionally, the improvements in glucose tolerance after blueberry consumption were assessed by glucose tolerance tests. However, firm conclusions regarding the anti-diabetic effect of blueberries cannot be drawn due to the small number of existing clinical studies. Although the current evidence is promising, more long-term, randomized, and placebo-controlled trials are needed to establish the role of blueberries in preventing or delaying T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- April J Stull
- Department of Human Ecology, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA.
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Habanova M, Saraiva JA, Haban M, Schwarzova M, Chlebo P, Predna L, Gažo J, Wyka J. Intake of bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) reduced risk factors for cardiovascular disease by inducing favorable changes in lipoprotein profiles. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1415-1422. [PMID: 27993193 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death, and lifestyle modification, including dietary changes, is recommended to improve this condition. In this study, regular consumption of bilberries was hypothesized to have beneficial effects on CVD risk reduction, by changes in human health indicators such as decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TGs) and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The research involved women (n=25) and men (n=11) who consumed 150 g of frozen stored bilberries 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose, liver enzymes, creatinine, albumin, magnesium, and antiradical activity were measured. Except for the body mass index of women (P=.019), no significant changes were found for anthropometric indicators. The consumption of bilberries led to a decrease in the following parameters: total cholesterol (P=.017), LDL-C (P=.0347), TG (P=.001), glucose (P=.005), albumin (P=.001), γ-glutamyltransferase (P=.046), and a positive increase in HDL-C (P=.044). In men, additionally, favorable changes were observed in total cholesterol (P=.004), glucose (P=.015), albumin (P=.028), aspartate aminotransferase (P=.012), γ-glutamyltransferase (P=.013), and HDL-C (P=.009; in this group, LDL-C increased [P=.007]). Changes in other parameters were not significant, for both women and men. Thus, the regular intake of bilberries can be important to reduce CVDs risk, by decreasing LDL-C/TG and increasing HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Habanova
- Department of Human Nutrition, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra-Chrenová, Slovakia.
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Miroslav Haban
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Marianna Schwarzova
- Department of Human Nutrition, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra-Chrenová, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Chlebo
- Department of Human Nutrition, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra-Chrenová, Slovakia.
| | - Lenka Predna
- Department of Human Nutrition, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra-Chrenová, Slovakia.
| | - Jan Gažo
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra-Chrenová, Slovakia.
| | - Joanna Wyka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51630 Wrocław, Poland.
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57
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Kristo AS, Klimis-Zacas D, Sikalidis AK. Protective Role of Dietary Berries in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5040037. [PMID: 27775562 PMCID: PMC5187535 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns, including regular consumption of particular foods such as berries as well as bioactive compounds, may confer specific molecular and cellular protection in addition to the overall epidemiologically observed benefits of plant food consumption (lower rates of obesity and chronic disease risk), further enhancing health. Mounting evidence reports a variety of health benefits of berry fruits that are usually attributed to their non-nutritive bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic substances such as flavonoids or anthocyanins. Although it is still unclear which particular constituents are responsible for the extended health benefits, it appears that whole berry consumption generally confers some anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory protection to humans and animals. With regards to cancer, studies have reported beneficial effects of berries or their constituents including attenuation of inflammation, inhibition of angiogenesis, protection from DNA damage, as well as effects on apoptosis or proliferation rates of malignant cells. Berries extend effects on the proliferation rates of both premalignant and malignant cells. Their effect on premalignant cells is important for their ability to cause premalignant lesions to regress both in animals and in humans. The present review focuses primarily on in vivo and human dietary studies of various berry fruits and discusses whether regular dietary intake of berries can prevent cancer initiation and delay progression in humans or ameliorate patients’ cancer status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S Kristo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Yilanli Ayasma Caddesi No. 26, Istanbul 34010, Turkey.
| | | | - Angelos K Sikalidis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Yilanli Ayasma Caddesi No. 26, Istanbul 34010, Turkey.
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58
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Cutler BR, Petersen C, Anandh Babu PV. Mechanistic insights into the vascular effects of blueberries: Evidence from recent studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27558887 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Dietary habits influence a variety of cardiovascular complications such as peripheral artery disease, heart failure, and kidney disease. We along with others have previously reported the cardiovascular beneficial effects of dietary flavonoids. Anthocyanins, one class of flavonoids widely available in berries, have recently drawn wide scientific attention because of their diverse health benefits. Epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies indicate that blueberry anthocyanins exert protection against cardiovascular complications by acting on multiple targets in the vascular system. These include activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling, reducing oxidative stress, improving inflammatory pathways, and ameliorating dyslipidemia. Anthocyanins are extensively metabolized in humans suggesting that their vascular benefits are likely mediated by their circulating metabolites. However, the bioactivities of blueberry metabolites are unknown. Evaluating the bioactivities of metabolites, analyzing their structure-activity relationship, and well-designed human trials are needed to understand the potential vascular effects of blueberries and their metabolites. Understanding the vascular effects will provide a solid scientific foundation to recommend blueberries to improve vascular health. This review highlights the recent developments in the understanding of the vascular effects of blueberries with special emphasis on the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Ronald Cutler
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Chrissa Petersen
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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59
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Carvalho FMC, Lima VCO, Costa IS, Medeiros AF, Serquiz AC, Lima MCJS, Serquiz RP, Maciel BLL, Uchôa AF, Santos EA, Morais AHA. A Trypsin Inhibitor from Tamarind Reduces Food Intake and Improves Inflammatory Status in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome Regardless of Weight Loss. Nutrients 2016; 8:E544. [PMID: 27690087 PMCID: PMC5083972 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypsin inhibitors are studied in a variety of models for their anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory bioactive properties. Our group has previously demonstrated the satietogenic effect of tamarind seed trypsin inhibitors (TTI) in eutrophic mouse models and anti-inflammatory effects of other trypsin inhibitors. In this study, we evaluated TTI effect upon satiety, biochemical and inflammatory parameters in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Three groups of n = 5 male Wistar rats with obesity-based MetS received for 10 days one of the following: (1) Cafeteria diet; (2) Cafeteria diet + TTI (25 mg/kg); and (3) Standard diet. TTI reduced food intake in animals with MetS. Nevertheless, weight gain was not different between studied groups. Dyslipidemia parameters were not different with the use of TTI, only the group receiving standard diet showed lower very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides (TG) (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.05). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production did not differ between groups. Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was lower in animals receiving TTI. Our results corroborate the satietogenic effect of TTI in a MetS model. Furthermore, we showed that TTI added to a cafeteria diet may decrease inflammation regardless of weight loss. This puts TTI as a candidate for studies to test its effectiveness as an adjuvant in MetS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana M C Carvalho
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa C O Lima
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Izael S Costa
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Amanda F Medeiros
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre C Serquiz
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Course of Nutrition, Potiguar University, Natal RN 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Maíra C J S Lima
- Course of Veterinary Medicine, Potiguar University, Natal RN 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Raphael P Serquiz
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Technical School Health, Potiguar University, Natal RN 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Bruna L L Maciel
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Tropical Medicine Institute (TMI), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Adriana F Uchôa
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Tropical Medicine Institute (TMI), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Elizeu A Santos
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Tropical Medicine Institute (TMI), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Ana H A Morais
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil.
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60
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Vendrame S, Tsakiroglou P, Kristo AS, Schuschke DA, Klimis-Zacas D. Wild blueberry consumption attenuates local inflammation in the perivascular adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1045-1051. [PMID: 27669020 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been shown to play important roles in regulating vascular tone and linking local and systemic vascular inflammation. We examined the impact of PVAT on phenylephrine-mediated vasoconstriction in the aorta of obese Zucker rats (OZR) and their lean littermates (LZR) by comparing aortic rings with or without PVAT. Subsequently we placed OZR and LZR on a control (C) or an 8% wild blueberry (WB) diet and evaluated the effect of WB consumption on such response. PVAT-released adipokine concentrations were also measured as a function of WB diet. Maximal constrictor force (Fmax) in aortic rings without PVAT was significantly lower in OZR-C compared with LZR-C (0.41 ± 0.05 and 0.71 ± 0.06 g, respectively). Following WB diet, Fmax significantly increased in OZR (0.54 ± 0.06 g). In aortas with intact PVAT, Fmax was significantly lower in all groups (0.31 ± 0.06 OZR-C, 0.30 ± 0.05 OZR-WB, 0.29 ± 0.03 LZR-C, and 0.30 ± 0.04 g LZR-WB), but no difference was observed between treatments. PVAT concentrations of monocyte chemoactractant protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and adiponectin were significantly higher in OZR compared with LZR (+102%, +108%, and +45%, respectively). Following WB diet, PVAT concentrations of interleukin-8 were significantly lower in both OZR (-37%) and LZR (-30%), while adiponectin concentrations significantly increased in both OZR (+11%) and LZR (+16%). MCP-1 concentrations significantly decreased (-31%) in the PVAT of OZR with the WB diet. WB consumption appears to attenuate local inflammation in PVAT, which may impact systemic vascular inflammation and endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vendrame
- a School of Food and Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, 232 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Panagiotis Tsakiroglou
- a School of Food and Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, 232 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Aleksandra S Kristo
- b Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, 26 Yilanli Ayazma Cad., 34010 Cevizlibag Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dale A Schuschke
- c Applied Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Dorothy Klimis-Zacas
- a School of Food and Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, 232 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Waltenberger B, Mocan A, Šmejkal K, Heiss EH, Atanasov AG. Natural Products to Counteract the Epidemic of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders. Molecules 2016; 21:807. [PMID: 27338339 PMCID: PMC4928700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have always been exploited to promote health and served as a valuable source for the discovery of new drugs. In this review, the great potential of natural compounds and medicinal plants for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, global health problems with rising prevalence, is addressed. Special emphasis is laid on natural products for which efficacy and safety have already been proven and which are in clinical trials, as well as on plants used in traditional medicine. Potential benefits from certain dietary habits and dietary constituents, as well as common molecular targets of natural products, are also briefly discussed. A glimpse at the history of statins and biguanides, two prominent representatives of natural products (or their derivatives) in the fight against metabolic disease, is also included. The present review aims to serve as an "opening" of this special issue of Molecules, presenting key historical developments, recent advances, and future perspectives outlining the potential of natural products for prevention or therapy of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland
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62
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Tsuda T. Recent Progress in Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetes Effect of Berries. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5020013. [PMID: 27058561 PMCID: PMC4931534 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries are rich in polyphenols such as anthocyanins. Various favorable functions of berries cannot be explained by their anti-oxidant properties, and thus, berries are now receiving great interest as food ingredients with “beyond antioxidant” functions. In this review, we discuss the potential health benefits of anthocyanin-rich berries, with a focus on prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes. To better understand the physiological functionality of berries, the exact molecular mechanism of their anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effect should be clarified. Additionally, the relationship of metabolites and degradation products with health benefits derived from anthocyanins needs to be elucidated. The preventive effects of berries and anthocyanin-containing foods on the metabolic syndrome are not always supported by findings of interventional studies in humans, and thus further studies are necessary. Use of standardized diets and conditions by all research groups may address this problem. Berries are tasty foods that are easy to consume, and thus, investigating their health benefits is critical for health promotion and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Tsuda
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
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63
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Garcés-Rimón M, González C, Uranga JA, López-Miranda V, López-Fandiño R, Miguel M. Pepsin Egg White Hydrolysate Ameliorates Obesity-Related Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Steatosis in Zucker Fatty Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151193. [PMID: 26985993 PMCID: PMC4795625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the administration of egg white hydrolysates on obesity-related disorders, with a focus on lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress, in Zucker fatty rats. Obese Zucker rats received water, pepsin egg white hydrolysate (750 mg/kg/day) or Rhizopus aminopeptidase egg white hydrolysate (750 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Lean Zucker rats received water. Body weight, solid and liquid intakes were weekly measured. At the end of the study, urine, faeces, different organs and blood samples were collected. The consumption of egg white hydrolysed with pepsin significantly decreased the epididymal adipose tissue, improved hepatic steatosis, and lowered plasmatic concentration of free fatty acids in the obese animals. It also decreased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and reduced oxidative stress. Pepsin egg white hydrolysate could be used as a tool to improve obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Garcés-Rimón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - C. González
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. A. Uranga
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - V. López-Miranda
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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64
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Sodagari HR, Farzaei MH, Bahramsoltani R, Abdolghaffari AH, Mahmoudi M, Rezaei N. Dietary anthocyanins as a complementary medicinal approach for management of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 9:807-20. [PMID: 25586636 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1002086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to result from a chronic or relapsing activation of the immune system in the GI tract. A growing body of evidence confirms the health benefits of dietary anthocyanins as plant-derived natural agents. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of several natural products rich in anthocyanins used worldwide for the treatment of IBD. Anthocyanins possess both protective and therapeutic functions in the management of IBD by alleviating oxidative stress processes, cytoprotective functions, downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and suppressing cellular signaling pathways of inflammatory processes. In conclusion, the consumption of anthocyanin-rich natural formulations must be promoted on the basis of their possible function in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sodagari
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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Vendrame S, Klimis-Zacas D. Anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanins via modulation of nuclear factor- B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:348-58. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Dietary Influence on Pain via the Immune System. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:435-69. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wild blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) alleviate inflammation and hypertension associated with developing obesity in mice fed with a high-fat diet. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114790. [PMID: 25501421 PMCID: PMC4264776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-grade metabolic inflammation and hypertension are primary mechanisms involved in obesity-associated adverse health effects. Berries, especially Nordic wild blueberries (hereafter referred to as bilberries), represent an important source of dietary anthocyanins, a group of polyphenols with potential beneficial effects to combat obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. Methods The effects of 5% or 10% (w/w) of whole bilberries (BB) were studied on the development of obesity and its metabolic disturbances in C57BL mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for three months. Cytokines, inflammatory cells, systolic blood pressure, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, weight gain, body fat, food consumption and energy metabolism were assessed. Results Bilberries ameliorated type 1 pro-inflammatory responsiveness induced by HFD. This was indicated by the altered cytokine profile and the reduced prevalence of interferon gamma -producing T-cells, in particular T helper type 1 cells. Bilberries also prevented the progression of obesity associated long term increase in systolic blood pressure in mice. Conclusions Bilberries reduce the development of systemic inflammation and prevent the progression of chronic hypertension, thus supporting their potential role in alleviating the adverse health effects associated with developing obesity.
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Mena P, Domínguez-Perles R, Gironés-Vilaplana A, Baenas N, García-Viguera C, Villaño D. Flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, and inflammation. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:745-58. [PMID: 25504851 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The process of inflammation constitutes a reactive response of the organism to tissue damage and is an important factor making part of a number of degenerative pathologies as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, all of them comprised in the metabolic syndrome. There is an increasing interest in plant products rich in flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins because of their potential beneficial effects observed in epidemiological studies against inflammatory-related diseases. Their anti-inflammatory effects are exerted by modulation of cell redox status and inhibition of signaling pathways as NF-κB activation. The effects depend on their concentrations in target tissues and hence the bioavailability pathways followed by each particular compound. In this sense, in vitro studies performed with parental compounds at doses exceeding to those found in vivo may be drawing erroneous conclusions about their real efficacy. Contradictory results have been observed in human intervention trials, which may be ascribed to the type of population studied, length of study, source of flavan-3-ol/anthocyanin, and dose provided. Human studies are required to confirm the positive effects found in vitro and in animal models. Future research should be focused on the understanding of dose/flavonoid intake-response relationship with pharmacokinetic studies, evaluating proper biomarkers of intake. Long-term dietary interventions are necessary to observe effects on markers of late activation as well as the possible preventive effects of these compounds on long-term inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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69
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Vendrame S, Zhao A, Merrow T, Klimis-Zacas D. The effects of wild blueberry consumption on plasma markers and gene expression related to glucose metabolism in the obese Zucker rat. J Med Food 2014; 18:619-24. [PMID: 25383490 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired fasting blood glucose is one of the landmark signs of metabolic syndrome, together with hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and a chronic proinflammatory, pro-oxidative, and prothrombotic environment. This study investigates the effect of wild blueberry (WB) consumption on blood glucose levels and other parameters involved in glucose metabolism in the obese Zucker rat (OZR), an experimental model of metabolic syndrome. Sixteen OZRs and 16 lean littermate controls (lean Zucker rat [LZR]) were fed an 8% enriched WB diet or a control (C) diet for 8 weeks. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin GHbA1c, resistin, and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) were measured. Expression of the resistin, RBP4, and glucose transporter GLUT4 genes was also determined both in the liver and the abdominal adipose tissue (AAT). Plasma glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, RBP4, and resistin concentrations were significantly lower in OZRs following the WB diet (-20%, -22%, and -27%, respectively, compared to C diet, P<.05). Following WB consumption, resistin expression was significantly downregulated in the liver of both OZRs and LZRs (-28% and -61%, respectively, P<.05), while RBP4 expression was significantly downregulated in the AAT of both OZRs and LZRs (-87% and -43%, respectively, P<.05). All other markers were not significantly affected following WB consumption. In conclusion, WB consumption normalizes some markers related to glucose metabolism in the OZR model of metabolic syndrome, but has no effect on fasting blood glucose or insulin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vendrame
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
| | - Alice Zhao
- 2Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Merrow
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
| | - Dorothy Klimis-Zacas
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
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Taverniti V, Fracassetti D, Del Bo' C, Lanti C, Minuzzo M, Klimis-Zacas D, Riso P, Guglielmetti S. Immunomodulatory effect of a wild blueberry anthocyanin-rich extract in human Caco-2 intestinal cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8346-8351. [PMID: 25075866 DOI: 10.1021/jf502180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a natural process crucial for the maintenance of gut functioning. However, abnormal or prolonged inflammatory responses may lead to the onset of chronic degenerative diseases, typically treated by means of pharmacological interventions. Dietary strategies for the prevention of inflammation are a safer alternative to pharmacotherapy. Anthocyanins and other polyphenols have been documented to display anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, three bioactive fractions (anthocyanin, phenolic, and water-soluble fractions) were extracted from a wild blueberry powder. The Caco-2 intestinal model was used to test the immunomodulatory effect of the above fractions. Only the anthocyanin-rich fraction reduced the activation of NF-κB, induced by IL-1β in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Specifically, concentrations of 50 and 100 μg mL(-1) decreased NF-κB activation by 68.9 and 85.2%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). These preliminary results provide further support for the role of food bioactives as potential dietary anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Taverniti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing and ‡Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano , via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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71
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Joseph SV, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman BM. Berries: anti-inflammatory effects in humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3886-903. [PMID: 24512603 DOI: 10.1021/jf4044056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A sustained pro-inflammatory state is a major contributing factor in chronic disease development, progression, and complication, including the most commonly known diseases: cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's, and type 2 diabetes. Fruits, such as berries, contain polyphenol compounds purported to have anti-inflammatory activity in humans. Among the most notable polyphenols in berries are anthocyanins, responsible for their distinctive colors of red, blue, and purple. Berries have been studied widely for their antioxidant properties; however, preclinical data suggest important effects on inflammatory pathways. Correspondingly, the effects of berries, including extracts and purified anthocyanins, have been the subject of a number of human trials. This review aims to evaluate the current state of the human science on berry (products) as a source of dietary polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, to modulate inflammatory status. Identifying dietary strategies that manage the modern-day inflammatory burden has important implications for chronic disease risk reduction and informing dietary guidelines aimed at achieving and maintaining health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama V Joseph
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology , Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
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72
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Eddouks M, Bidi A, El Bouhali B, Hajji L, Zeggwagh NA. Antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1197-214. [PMID: 24730446 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate. This chronic pathology gravely troubled the human health and quality of life. Both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance are involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, insulin resistance is being diagnosed nowadays in a growing population of diabetic and obese patients, especially in industrialized societies. There are lots of conventional agents available to control and to treat diabetes, but total recovery from this disorder has not been reported up to this date. Plants provided a potential source of hypoglycemic drugs and are widely used in several traditional systems of medicine to prevent diabetes. A few reviews with less attention paid to mechanisms of action have been published on antidiabetic plants. OBJECTIVES The present review focuses on the various plants that have been reported to be effective in improving insulin sensitivity associated with diabetes. KEY FINDINGS In this work, an updated systematic review of the published literature has been conducted to review the antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity and 111 medicinal plants have been reported to have a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity using several in-vitro and in-vivo animal models of diabetes. CONCLUSION The different metabolic and cellular effects of the antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity are reported indicating the important role of medicinal plants as potential alternative or complementary use in controlling insulin resistance associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Eddouks
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Errachidia, Morocco
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73
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Guimaraes PS, Huber DA, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Schreihofer AM. Development of attenuated baroreflexes in obese Zucker rats coincides with impaired activation of nucleus tractus solitarius. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 306:R681-92. [PMID: 24573182 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00537.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adult obese Zucker rats (OZR; >12 wk) develop elevated sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) with impaired baroreflexes compared with adult lean Zucker rats (LZR) and juvenile OZR (6-7 wk). In adult OZR, baroreceptor afferent nerves respond normally to changes in MAP, whereas electrical stimulation of baroreceptor afferent fibers produces smaller reductions in SNA and MAP compared with LZR. We hypothesized that impaired baroreflexes in OZR are linked to reduced activation of brain stem sites that mediate baroreflexes. In conscious adult rats, a hydralazine (HDZ)-induced reduction in MAP evoked tachycardia that was initially blunted in OZR, but equivalent to LZR within 5 min. In agreement, HDZ-induced expression of c-Fos in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) was comparable between groups. In contrast, phenylephrine (PE)-induced rise in MAP evoked markedly attenuated bradycardia with dramatically reduced c-Fos expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of adult OZR compared with LZR. However, in juvenile rats, PE-induced hypertension evoked comparable bradycardia in OZR and LZR with similar or augmented c-Fos expression in NTS of the OZR. In urethane-anesthetized rats, microinjections of glutamate into NTS evoked equivalent decreases in SNA, heart rate (HR), and MAP in juvenile OZR and LZR, but attenuated decreases in SNA and MAP in adult OZR. In contrast, microinjections of glutamate into the caudal ventrolateral medulla, a target of barosensitive NTS neurons, evoked comparable decreases in SNA, HR, and MAP in adult OZR and LZR. These data suggest that OZR develop impaired glutamatergic activation of the NTS, which likely contributes to attenuated baroreflexes in adult OZR.
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Romo-Vaquero M, Larrosa M, Yáñez-Gascón MJ, Issaly N, Flanagan J, Roller M, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC, García-Conesa MT. A rosemary extract enriched in carnosic acid improves circulating adipocytokines and modulates key metabolic sensors in lean Zucker rats: Critical and contrasting differences in the obese genotype. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:942-53. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Romo-Vaquero
- Research Group on Quality; Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Research Group on Quality; Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María J. Yáñez-Gascón
- Research Group on Quality; Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | | | | | | | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality; Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - Juan C. Espín
- Research Group on Quality; Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María-Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality; Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
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Alvarez-Suarez JM, Giampieri F, Tulipani S, Casoli T, Di Stefano G, González-Paramás AM, Santos-Buelga C, Busco F, Quiles JL, Cordero MD, Bompadre S, Mezzetti B, Battino M. One-month strawberry-rich anthocyanin supplementation ameliorates cardiovascular risk, oxidative stress markers and platelet activation in humans. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 25:289-94. [PMID: 24406274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Strawberries are an important fruit in the Mediterranean diet because of their high content of essential nutrients and beneficial phytochemicals, which seem to exert beneficial effects in human health. Healthy volunteers were supplemented daily with 500 g of strawberries for 1 month. Plasma lipid profile, circulating and cellular markers of antioxidant status, oxidative stress and platelet function were evaluated at baseline, after 30 days of strawberry consumption and 15 days after the end of the study. A high concentration of vitamin C and anthocyanins was found in the fruits. Strawberry consumption beneficially influenced the lipid profile by significantly reducing total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides levels (-8.78%, -13.72% and -20.80%, respectively; P<.05) compared with baseline period, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained unchanged. Strawberry supplementation also significant decreased serum malondialdehyde, urinary 8-OHdG and isoprostanes levels (-31.40%, -29.67%, -27.90%, respectively; P<.05). All the parameters returned to baseline values after the washout period. A significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity measured by both ferric reducing ability of plasma and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays and vitamin C levels (+24.97%, +41.18%, +41.36%, respectively; P<.05) was observed after strawberry consumption. Moreover, the spontaneous and oxidative hemolysis were significant reduced (-31.7% and -39.03%, respectively; P<.05), compared to the baseline point, which remained stable after the washout period. Finally, strawberry intake significant decrease (P<.05) the number of activated platelets, compared to both baseline and washout values. Strawberries consumption improves plasma lipids profile, biomarkers of antioxidant status, antihemolytic defenses and platelet function in healthy subjects, encouraging further evaluation on a population with higher cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Alvarez-Suarez
- Dipartimento di Science Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Science Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sara Tulipani
- Research Laboratory, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical Hospital (IMABIS Foundation), Malaga, Spain
| | - Tiziana Casoli
- Neurobiology of Aging Laboratory, INRCA Scientific Technological Area, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Franco Busco
- Analysis Laboratory of INRCA Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Josè L Quiles
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos Mataix Verdú, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Stefano Bompadre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Sanità Pubblica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Science Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Vendrame S, Kristo AS, Schuschke DA, Klimis-Zacas D. Wild blueberry consumption affects aortic vascular function in the obese Zucker rat. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 39:255-61. [PMID: 24476483 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of wild blueberry (WB) consumption on the biomechanical properties of the aorta in the obese Zucker rat (OZR), a model of the metabolic syndrome. Thirty-six OZRs and 36 lean controls (lean Zucker rats) were placed either on a WB-enriched or a control (C) diet for 8 weeks. Phenylephrine (Phe)-mediated vasoconstriction and acetylcholine (Ach)-mediated vasorelaxation in the aortic vessel were investigated, as well as the contribution of the nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways in each of the above responses by using specific inhibitors. Obese Zucker rats exhibited a reduced vasocontstrictor response to Phe and an exaggerated vasorelaxant response to Ach. The WB diet partially restored Phe-induced constrictor responses and attenuated Ach-induced relaxant responses in OZR. Plasma nitric oxide was significantly attenuated (22.1 ± 1.1 μmol·L(-1), WB vs 25.6 ± 1.4 μmol·L(-1), C, p ≤ 0.05) with the WB diet. Thromboxane A2 levels in the aortic effluent were not significantly affected in the WB diet group, while PGI2 concentration significantly increased (766.5 ± 92.2 pg·mg(-1) aorta in the WB vs 571.7 ± 37.8 pg·g(-1) aorta in the C group, p ≤ 0.05). Downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and COX2 expression in the OZR aorta was observed in the WB diet group. In conclusion, WB consumption altered the biomechanical properties of the OZR aorta by partially restoring the impaired Phe-induced constrictor responses and attenuating the exaggerated response to Ach-induced vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vendrame
- a Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Dietary anthocyanins as nutritional therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:145421. [PMID: 24282628 PMCID: PMC3824564 DOI: 10.1155/2013/145421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined by excessive lipid accumulation in the liver, is the hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Due to the epidemics of obesity, NAFLD is rapidly becoming the leading cause of altered liver enzymes in Western countries. NAFLD encompasses a wide spectrum of liver disease ranging from simple uncomplicated steatosis, to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Diet may affect the development of NAFLD either by increasing risk or by providing protective factors. Therefore, it is important to investigate the role of foods and/or food bioactives on the metabolic processes involved in steatohepatitis for preventive strategies. It has been reported that anthocyanins (ACNs) decrease hepatic lipid accumulation and may counteract oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation, but their impact on NAFLD has yet to be fully determined. ACNs are water-soluble bioactive compounds of the polyphenol class present in many vegetable products. Here, we summarize the evidence evaluating the mechanisms of action of ACNs on hepatic lipid metabolism in different experimental setting: in vitro, in vivo, and in human trials. Finally, a working model depicting the possible mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects of ACNs in NAFLD is proposed, based on the available literature.
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities characterized by central obesity, dyslipidemias, hypertension, high fasting glucose, chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. This condition has become an increasing problem in our society where about 34 % of adults are diagnosed with MetS. In parallel with the adult situation, a significant number of children present lipid abnormalities and insulin resistance, which can be used as markers of MetS in the pediatric population. Changes in lifestyle including healthy dietary regimens and increased physical activity should be the first lines of therapy to decrease MetS. In this article, we present the most recent information on successful dietary modifications that can reduce the parameters associated with MetS. Successful dietary strategies include energy restriction and weight loss, manipulation of dietary macronutrients--either through restriction of carbohydrates, fat, or enrichment in beneficial fatty acids, incorporation of functional foods and bioactive nutrients, and adherence to dietary and lifestyle patterns such the Mediterranean diet and diet/exercise regimens. Together, the recent findings presented in this review serve as evidence to support the therapeutic treatment of MetS through diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Andersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Road Ext., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT, 06269-4017, USA
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79
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Lacombe A, Li RW, Klimis-Zacas D, Kristo AS, Tadepalli S, Krauss E, Young R, Wu VCH. Lowbush wild blueberries have the potential to modify gut microbiota and xenobiotic metabolism in the rat colon. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67497. [PMID: 23840722 PMCID: PMC3696070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is populated by an array of microbial species that play an important role in metabolic and immune functions. The composition of microorganisms is influenced by the components of the host's diet and can impact health. In the present study, dietary enrichment of lowbush wild blueberries (LWB) was examined to determine their effect on colon microbial composition and their potential in promoting gut health. The microbial composition and functional potential of the colon microbiota from Sprague Dawley rats fed control diets (AIN93) and LWB-enriched diets (AIN93+8% LWB powder substituting for dextrose) for 6 weeks were assessed using Illumina shotgun sequencing and bioinformatics tools. Our analysis revealed an alteration in the relative abundance of 3 phyla and 22 genera as representing approximately 14 and 8% of all phyla and genera identified, respectively. The LWB-enriched diet resulted in a significant reduction in the relative abundance of the genera Lactobacillus and Enterococcus. In addition, hierarchal analysis revealed a significant increase in the relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria, the order Actinomycetales, and several novel genera under the family Bifidobacteriaceae and Coriobacteriaceae, in the LWB group. Functional annotation of the shotgun sequences suggested that approximately 9% of the 4709 Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) hits identified were impacted by the LWB-diet. Open Reading Frames (ORFs) assigned to KEGG category xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were significantly greater in the LWB-enriched diet compared to the control and included the pathway for benzoate degradation [PATH:ko00362] and glycosaminoglycan degradation [PATH:ko00531]. Moreover, the number of ORFs assigned to the bacterial invasion of epithelial cells [PATH:ko05100] pathway was approximately 8 fold lower in the LWB group compared to controls. This study demonstrated that LWBs have the potential to promote gut health and can aid in the development of optimal diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Lacombe
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Li
- United States Department of Agriculture ARS, BARC, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dorothy Klimis-Zacas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra S. Kristo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | - Shravani Tadepalli
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | - Emily Krauss
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | - Ryan Young
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | - Vivian C. H. Wu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
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