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Daouas A, Ben Abdelaziz A, Zanina Y, Yahia F, Ben Hassine D, Melki S, Khelil M, Ben Rejeb N, Omezzine A, Bouslama A, Ben Abdelaziz A. Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Tunisia. HSHS 5 study. Tunis Med 2022; 100:592-602. [PMID: 36571727 PMCID: PMC9793101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the HSHS cohort (Hammam Sousse, Tunisia), in 2009, and to identify its determining factors. METHODS This was a descriptive epidemiological study of the "community based" type having focused on a random sample of people aged 20 and over. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria of the "International Diabetes Federation" (IDF 2005) and those of the "National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III" (NCEP-ATP III, 2001). RESULTS The study involved 1441 people including 960 women (66.6%). The age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of increased waist circumference, blood pressure, blood sugar and triglycerides, and decreased HDL-cholesterol were respectively 63.2%, 95%CI[62.5-63.8]; 47.7%, 95%CI[47.4-48.6]; 25.7%, 95%CI[25.1-26.2]; 11.9%, 95%CI[11.4-12.3] and 65,6%, 95%CI[65.0-66.2], according to IDF thresholds and 37.4%, 95%CI[36.3-37.6]; 45.7%, 95%CI[45.4-46.6]; 13.8%, 95%CI[13.4-14.2]; 8.4%, 95%CI[8.0-8.7] and 61.9%, 95%CI[61.2-62.5], according to those of the NCEP-ATP III. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome adjusted for age and sex was 36.5% 95%CI[33.0%-38.9%] according to the IDF definition and 23.0% 95%CI[20.4%-25.6%] according to that of NCEP-ATP III. The multivariate study by logistic regression made it possible to retain three significant independent determining factors of the metabolic syndrome: age ≥40 years, low level of physical activity and family history of diabetes mellitus with respectively adjusted ORs of 3.77 95%CI[2.70-5.27], 1.39 95%CI[1.01-1.89], 1.62 95%CI[1.21-2.15], according to IDF and 5.87 95%CI[3.88 -8.88], 1.47 95%CI[1.07-2.01] and 1.45 95%CI[1.07-1.96], according to NCEP-ATP III . CONCLUSION With this high prevalence rate of the metabolic syndrome, the establishment of an action plan would be essential. This plan should be based on the combination of the promotion of physical activity and screening for the components of the metabolic syndrome, particularly in subjects aged 40 or over, with a family history of diabetes mellitus.
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Phan A, Rives-Lange C, Ciangura C, Carette C, Dupont C, Levy R, Bachelot A, Czernichow S. Bariatric surgery and human fertility. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2022; 83:196-198. [PMID: 35443158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Phan
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, service de Nutrition, Centre Spécialisé Obésité (CSO) Ile de France Sud, Paris.
| | - Claire Rives-Lange
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, service de Nutrition, Centre Spécialisé Obésité (CSO) Ile de France Sud, Paris; Université Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Cécile Ciangura
- Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, service de Nutrition, Centre Spécialisé Obésité (CSO) Ile de France Centre; APHP, Paris
| | - Claire Carette
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, service de Nutrition, Centre Spécialisé Obésité (CSO) Ile de France Sud, Paris; Université Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Charlotte Dupont
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine, CRSA, F-75012 Paris, France; Service de Biologie de la Reproduction CECOS, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP.Sorbonne-Université, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Rachel Levy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine, CRSA, F-75012 Paris, France; Service de Biologie de la Reproduction CECOS, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP.Sorbonne-Université, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Anne Bachelot
- Hôpitaux Pitié Salpêtrière, service d'Endocrinologie et Médecin de la Reproduction, IE3M, Centre de référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Maladies Gynécologiques Rares, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Sorbonne université, Paris
| | - Sébastien Czernichow
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, service de Nutrition, Centre Spécialisé Obésité (CSO) Ile de France Sud, Paris; Université Paris Cité, Paris
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Sebai I, Oueslati I, Yazidi M, Chaker F, Abdessalem H, Grira W, Amrouch C, Chihaoui M. Interest of the waist-to-height ratio to predict metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients. Tunis Med 2022; 100:137-142. [PMID: 35852248 PMCID: PMC9274779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. AIM To determine the optimal cut-off point of the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) at which MetS can be identified with maximum sensitivity and specificity in a sample of Tunisian type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS We enrolled 457 type 2 diabetic patients in a cross-sectional study. Blood pressure, anthropometric indices, fasting glucose, and lipid profile were measured. WHtR was calculated. MetS was defined according to the IDF criteria. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the optimal cut-off value of WHtR in MetS screening with maximum sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS The overall prevalence of MetS was 79.8%, it was higher in women than in men (85.5% vs 61.4%; p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Sebai
- 1- Outpatient department, National Institute of Nutrition, Tunis, Tunisia / Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Oueslati
- 2- Department of endocrinology, La Rabta hospital, Tunis, Tunisia. / Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia.
| | - Meriem Yazidi
- 2- Department of endocrinology, La Rabta hospital, Tunis, Tunisia. / Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia.
| | - Fatma Chaker
- 2- Department of endocrinology, La Rabta hospital, Tunis, Tunisia. / Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia.
| | - Haifa Abdessalem
- 1- Outpatient department, National Institute of Nutrition, Tunis, Tunisia / Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Grira
- 2- Department of endocrinology, La Rabta hospital, Tunis, Tunisia. / Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia.
| | - Chiraz Amrouch
- 1- Outpatient department, National Institute of Nutrition, Tunis, Tunisia / Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
| | - Melika Chihaoui
- 2- Department of endocrinology, La Rabta hospital, Tunis, Tunisia. / Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia.
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Abstract
Introduction:
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a worldwide major public health problem. In Tunisia, few studies have focused on MetS in general population and in military setting in particular. Aim: To determine the prevalence of the MetS in a military population at Bizerte garrison (Tunisia) and to identify its associated factors.
Methods:
An analytical cross sectional study was conducted in Bizerte military garrison during the period 2015-2017. The study population was the active military persons who were presents during the time of the survey and assigned at the three main navy, air force and army units of Bizerte garrison. The adopted definition for the diagnosis of MetS was the International Diabetes Federation 2005 (IDF 2005). Multivariate analysis using a binary logistic regression model to identify independent factors to MetS (variable of interest) was performed. Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS 20.0 Software.
Results:
During the study period, 2500 active military were enrolled among them 2418 men. The mean age was 36.6 ± 9.1 years [20.0 – 59.0]. The prevalence of MetS was 17.7%. MetS was significantly higher among participants aged 40 and above, (23.8% vs 13.1%), single (21.6% vs 13.7%), diabetic (38.5% vs 15.5%), and assigned in the air force (23.1% vs 14.6%) compared to the rest of the study population. The independent factors identified in multivariate analysis were age, armed forces' affiliation and marital status.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of MetS in our military population was relatively high despite of the medical criteria imposed before incorporation. Population and targeted approach are needed to prevent this scourge and to protect from the complications.
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Lima TRD, González-Chica DA, D'Orsi E, Sui X, Silva DAS. Muscle strength cut-points for metabolic syndrome detection among adults and the elderly from Brazil. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:379-388. [PMID: 33836643 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine cut-points for muscle strength based on metabolic syndrome diagnosis. This cross-sectional analysis comprised data from 2 cohorts in Brazil (EpiFloripa Adult, n = 626, 44.0 ± 11.1 years; EpiFloripa Aging, n = 365, 71.6 ± 6.1 years). Metabolic syndrome was assessed by relative handgrip strength (kgf/kg). Metabolic syndrome was defined as including ≥3 of the 5 metabolic abnormalities according to the Joint Interim Statement. Optimal cut-points from Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were determined. Adjusted logistic regression was used to test the association between metabolic syndrome and the cut-points created. The cut-point identified for muscle strength was 1.07 kgf/kg (Youden index = 0.310; area under the curve (AUC)) = 0.693, 95% CI 0.614-0.764) for men and 0.73 kgf/kg (Youden index = 0.481; AUC = 0.768, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.709-0.821) for women (age group 25 to < 50 years). The best cut-points for men and women aged 50+ years were 0.99 kgf/kg (Youden index = 0.312; AUC = 0.651; 95% CI = 0.583-0.714) and 0.58 kgf/kg (Youden index = 0.378; AUC = 0.743; 95% CI = 0.696-0.786), respectively. Cut-points derived from ROC analysis have good discriminatory power for metabolic syndrome among adults aged 25 to <50 years but not for adults aged 50+ years. Novelty: First-line management recommendation for metabolic syndrome is lifestyle modification, including improvement of muscle strength. Cut-points for muscle strength levels according to sex and age range based on metabolic syndrome were created. Cut-points for muscle strength can assist in the identification of adults at risk for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rodrigues de Lima
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance. Federal University of Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, SC 88040900, Brazil
| | - David Alejandro González-Chica
- Discipline of General Practice, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Adelaide Rural Clinical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Eleonora D'Orsi
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040900, Brazil
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance. Federal University of Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, SC 88040900, Brazil
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Marin-Couture E, Pérusse L, Tremblay A. The fit-active profile to better reflect the benefits of a lifelong vigorous physical activity participation: mini-review of literature and population data. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:763-770. [PMID: 33667123 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is favourably considered for its effect on metabolic fitness and body composition. This observation is generally supported by observational studies and is concordant with endurance-trained individuals' metabolic and morphological profiles. However, in some contexts, the measurement of physical activity habits may not provide an adequate representation of its benefits. In this paper, we review relevant literature on the respective effects of fitness and physical activity on anthropometric and metabolic variables and the informative potential of a classification based on aerobic fitness and activity indicators. The relevance to defining a profile based on both fitness and activity is reinforced by data from the Quebec Family Study showing that, in both men and women, "fit-active" individuals displayed a much more favourable morphological and metabolic profile than "unfit-inactive" individuals. Moreover, these benefits seemed to be more related to variations in fitness than in physical activity. In summary, evidence suggests that a profile combining information on aerobic fitness and physical activity may better reflect the lifelong impact of physical activity on body composition and health. Novelty: The fit-active profile better reflects the long-term benefits of vigorous physical activity participation on health. The reported benefits seem to be more related to variations in aerobic fitness than to those in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Marin-Couture
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Rosa TS, Corrêa HL, Deus LA, Stone W, Reis AL, Gadelha AB, de Araújo TB, Silva Junior PR, Moraes MR, Silva JAB, Tzanno-Martins C, Simões HG, Prestes J, Neves RVP. Effects of dynamic and isometric resistance training protocols on metabolic profile in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1029-1037. [PMID: 33651633 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of dynamic (DRT) and isometric (IRT) resistance training on glycemic homeostasis, lipid profile, and nitric oxide (NO) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Patients were randomly distributed into 3 groups: control (n = 65), DRT (n = 65), and IRT (n = 67). Patients assessed before and after the intervention period were tested for fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin resistance, lipid profile, leptin, insulin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and NO . Patients underwent to strength and body composition assessments. Subjects allocated in both DRT and IRT groups took part in a 24-week resistance training program, 3 times per week. Each training session was approximately 1 hour before dialysis and consisted of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions at low intensity. Total workload was higher in the DRT as compared with the IRT. This heightened workload related to better glycemic homeostasis in HD patients as measured by regulation of insulin, adiponectin, and leptin, while improveing triglycerides, free-fat mass, and muscle strength. Additionally, NO levels were increased in the DRT group. NO was significantly correlated with glucose intolerance (r = -0.42, p = 0.0155) and workload (r = 0.46, p = 0.0022). The IRT group only improved strength (p < 0.05). Twenty-four weeks of DRT improved glycemic homeostasis, lipid profile, and NO in HD patients. Although IRT seems to play an important role in increasing strength, DRT might be a better choice to promote metabolic adjustments in HD patients. Clinical trial: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3gpg5w. Novelty: DRT might be a better choice for metabolic improvements in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exercise-training might treat metabolic imbalance in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Hugo Luca Corrêa
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lysleine Alves Deus
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Whitley Stone
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, KY, USA
| | - Andrea Lucena Reis
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - André Bonadias Gadelha
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazil.,Seção de Educação Física, Colégio Militar de Brasília
| | | | | | - Milton Rocha Moraes
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazil
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Cho SMJ, Lee H, Shim JS, Jeon JY, Kim HC. Association between physical activity and inflammatory markers in community-dwelling, middle-aged adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:828-836. [PMID: 33566730 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has been known to deter inflammatory process; yet, the evidence is scarce in healthy, middle-aged population. We assessed the association between physical activity and inflammatory biomarkers, including high sensitivity (hs) C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-1α, -1β, and -6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α and -β, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP) -1 and -3. Functional and leisure-time physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Inflammatory biomarkers were measured by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compared with highly physically active participants based on total metabolic equivalent of task, the most sedentary group had significantly higher odds ratio and [95% confidence interval] for ≥75th percentile of TNF-α (1.64 [1.10-2.44]), TNF-β (1.50 [1.09-2.07]), IL-1β (2.14 [1.49-3.09]), hsIL-1β (1.72 [1.15-2.58]), IL-6 (1.84 [1.24-1.73]), hsIL-6 (2.05 [1.35-3.12]), and MCP-1 (1.91 [1.28-2.87]) levels. Results for IL-1α and MCP-3 were inconsistent, as the least active group had lower odds for above the median IL-1α (0.65 [0.49-0.95]) and MCP-3 (0.71 [0.54-0.93]) yet higher odds for ≥75th percentile IL-1α (2.36 [1.63-3.42]) and MCP-3 (2.44 [1.63-3.64]) levels. Based on duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sedentary participants had significantly higher odds for above median (1.40 [1.13-1.73]) and ≥75th percentile (1.33 [1.00-1.77]) IL-1β compared with those fulfilling the guideline recommendation. Subgroup analyses showed minimal sex differences. Routine inflammatory assessment may help to achieve primordial prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Novelty: Healthy, middle-aged adults with physically active lifestyle were generally at lower odds for elevated inflammatory status. The associations persisted regardless of sex, age, comorbidities, adiposity, and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Mi Jemma Cho
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hokyou Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Seon Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Justin Y Jeon
- Department of Sports Industry Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Doghish AS, Elsisi AM, Amin AI, Abulsoud AI. Circulating miR-148a-5p and miR-21-5p as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers in Adult Egyptian Male Patients With Metabolic Syndrome. Can J Diabetes 2021:S1499-2671(20)30486-X. [PMID: 33582040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of abnormalities related to metabolism that increase the risk of cardiac diseases, type 2 diabetes and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRs) act as regulators of many cellular and metabolic events, and any dysregulation of these tiny molecules can cause great disturbance in one's health. The main purpose of this study was to ascertain the diagnostic potential of miR-148a-5p and miR-21-5p in MetS. METHODS Serum levels of miR-148a-5p and miR-21-5p were quantified in 118 MetS male patients and 30 healthy controls by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fasting plasma glucose, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and serum triacylglycerol were measured by the colorimetric method. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were performed on each individual. All MetS patients had diabetes and had a large waist circumference, and were divided into 3 groups: group 1, dyslipidemic and hypertensive; group 2, normotensive; and group 3, normal lipid profile. RESULTS miR-148a-5p expression was significantly upregulated in all MetS patients: group 1, 70.3±8.07 (p<0.0001); group 2, 75.0±9.17 (p<0.0001) and group 3, 33.7±6.89 (p<0.0001), when compared with control subjects. However, miR-21-5p expression was elevated only in the sera of group 1 (36.9±8.39, p<0.0001) and group 3 (48.9±12.0, p<0.0001), when compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of miR-148a-5p and miR-21-5p were higher in MetS patients than in healthy controls; consequently, these serum miRs can serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of MetS.
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Wahba NS, Ghareib SA, Abdel-Ghany RH, Abdel-Aal M, Alsemeh AE. Vitamin D3 potentiates the nephroprotective effects of metformin in a rat model of metabolic syndrome: role of AMPK/SIRT1 activation and DPP-4 inhibition. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:685-697. [PMID: 33108744 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of metformin and vitamin D3-induced nephroprotection in a metabolic syndrome (MetS) rat model, evaluating the capacity of vitamin D3 to potentiate metformin action. MetS was induced by 10% fructose in drinking water and 3% salt in the diet. After 6 weeks, serum lipid profile and uric acid were measured, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and kidney function was investigated. In conjunction with the same concentrations of fructose and salt feeding, MetS rats with significant weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and dysglycemia were treated orally with metformin (200 mg/kg), vitamin D3 (10 µg/kg), or both daily for 6 weeks. At the end of the study period, anthropometrical parameters were recorded, OGTT was reperformed, urine and blood samples were collected, and tissue samples were harvested at sacrifice. MetS rats showed dramatically declined renal function, enhanced intrarenal oxidative stress and inflammation, and extravagant renal histopathological damage with interstitial fibrosis. Metformin and vitamin D3 significantly reversed all the aforementioned deleterious effects in MetS rats. The study has verified the nephroprotective effects of metformin and vitamin D3 in MetS, accentuating the critical role of AMP-activated protein kinase/sirtuin-1 activation and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition. Given the synergistic effects of the combination, vitamin D3 is worth being investigated as an additional therapeutic agent for preventing MetS-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal S Wahba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Salah A Ghareib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha H Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira E Alsemeh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Maréchal R, Ghachem A, Prud'homme D, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Dionne IJ, Brochu M. Physical activity energy expenditure and fat-free mass: relationship with metabolic syndrome in overweight or obese postmenopausal women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:389-396. [PMID: 33080144 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Menopause transition is associated with detrimental changes in physical activity, body composition, and metabolic profile. Although physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, the association is unknown in low-risk individuals. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between PAEE and MetS (prevalence and severity) in inactive overweight or obese postmenopausal women with a low Framingham Risk Score (<10%). Cross-sectional data of 126 participants were divided into quartiles based on PAEE (Quartile (Q)1 = lowest PAEE) while fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. MetS prevalence was significantly different between Q1 and Q4 (37.9% vs 13.3%, p = 0.03). After controlling for potential confounders, MetS severity was negatively associated with PAEE (B = -0.057, p < 0.01) and positively with FFM (B = 0.038, p < 0.001). Moderation analyses indicated that a greater FFM exacerbated the association between PAEE and MetS severity in Q1 and Q2 (PAEE × FFM; B = -0.004; p = 0.1). Our results suggest that displaying a low FRS and lower PAEE increase MetS prevalence and severity. In addition, greater FFM interacts with lower PAEE to worsens MetS severity, while higher PAEE lessened this effect. Novelty: Inactive individuals displaying higher daily PAEE also have a lower MetS prevalence. Greater FFM is associated with a worse MetS severity where a higher PAEE mitigated this deleterious effect in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Maréchal
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Ghachem
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.,Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada.,Institut de Recherche Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Isabelle J Dionne
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Martin Brochu
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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12
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Gil-Iturbe E, Félix-Soriano E, Sáinz N, Idoate-Bayón A, Castilla-Madrigal R, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Lostao MP. Effect of aging and obesity on GLUT12 expression in small intestine, adipose tissue, muscle, and kidney and its regulation by docosahexaenoic acid and exercise in mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:957-967. [PMID: 32176854 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation and inflammation. Aging has also been characterized as an inflammatory condition, frequently accompanied by accumulation of visceral fat. Beneficial effects of exercise and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in metabolic disorders have been described. Glucose transporter 12 (GLUT12) is one of the less investigated members of the GLUT family. Glucose, insulin, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) induce GLUT12 translocation to the membrane in muscle, adipose tissue, and intestine. We aimed to investigate GLUT12 expression in obesity and aging, and under diet supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alone or in combination with physical exercise in mice. Aging increased GLUT12 expression in intestine, kidney, and adipose tissue, whereas obesity reduced it. No changes on the transporter occurred in skeletal muscle. In obese 18-month-old mice, DHA further decreased GLUT12 in the 4 organs. Aerobic exercise alone did not modify GLUT12, but the changes triggered by exercise were able to prevent the DHA-diminishing effect, and almost restored GLUT12 basal levels. In conclusion, the downregulation of metabolism in aging would be a stimulus to upregulate GLUT12 expression. Contrary, obesity, an excessive energy condition, would induce GLUT12 downregulation. The combination of exercise and DHA would contribute to restore basal function of GLUT12. Novelty In small intestine, kidney and adipose tissue aging increases GLUT12 protein expression whereas obesity reduces it. Dietary DHA decreases GLUT12 in small intestine, kidney, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Exercise alone does not modify GLUT12 expression, nevertheless exercise prevents the DHA-diminishing effect on GLUT12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gil-Iturbe
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Adrián Idoate-Bayón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Biomedical Research Networking Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Lostao
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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13
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Moreno-Cabañas A, Ortega JF, Morales-Palomo F, Ramirez-Jimenez M, Alvarez-Jimenez L, Mora-Rodriguez R. Substitution of parts of aerobic training by resistance training lowers fasting hyperglycemia in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:69-76. [PMID: 32659116 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine the effects of substituting parts of aerobic training (AT) by resistance training (RT) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors. MetS patients (aged 56 ± 7 years; body mass index 33 ± 5 kg·m-2 and 3.9 ± 0.8 MetS factors) were randomized to undergo 1 of the following isocaloric, 16-week long exercise programs: (i) cycling 4 bouts of 4-min at 90% of maximal heart rate (HRmax) followed by 3 sets of 12 repetitions of 3 lower limb free-weight exercises (high-intensity interval training (HIIT)+RT group; n = 33), (ii) cycling 5 bouts of 4 min at 90% of HRmax (HIIT+HIIT group; n = 33), or (iii) no exercise control group (n = 21). We measured the evolution of all 5 MetS components (z score), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake), leg strength and power (leg press 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and countermovement jump (CMJ)), fasting blood glucose (FG), fasting insulin, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment 2). Both training groups improved maximal oxygen uptake similarly (170 ± 310 and 190 ± 210 mL O2·min-1; P < 0.001) and z score (-0.12 ± 0.29 and -0.12 ± 0.31 for HIIT+RT and HIIT+HIIT, respectively; P < 0.02). However, only HIIT+RT improved CMJ (P = 0.002) and leg press 1RM above the HIIT+HIIT group (21% vs 6%; P < 0.001). Furthermore, FG only decreased in the HIIT+RT group (5%; P = 0.026, time × group). Our findings suggest that substitution of part of HIIT by leg RT improves glucose control in MetS individuals. Novelty Most studies addressing the efficacy of endurance versus resistance training are not matched by energy expenditure. We found that substituting 20% of AT with RT reduces hyperglycemia in MetS individuals. Training recommendations to regain glycemic control in MetS individuals should include resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Moreno-Cabañas
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain.,Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Juan Fernando Ortega
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain.,Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Felix Morales-Palomo
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain.,Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Miguel Ramirez-Jimenez
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain.,Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Laura Alvarez-Jimenez
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain.,Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain.,Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain
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14
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Lowry DE, Feng Z, Jeejeebhoy K, Dhaliwal R, Brauer P, Royall D, Tremblay A, Klein D, Mutch DM. Prediction modelling of 1-year outcomes to a personalized lifestyle intervention for Canadians with metabolic syndrome. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:621-627. [PMID: 31738589 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of risk factors that includes central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose homeostasis. Although lifestyle interventions reduce MetS risk, not everyone responds to the same extent. The primary objective of this study was to identify variables that could predict 1-year changes in MetS risk in individuals participating in the Canadian Health Advanced by Nutrition and Graded Exercise (CHANGE) program. Participants were allocated into training (n = 157) and test (n = 29) datasets by availability of genetic data. A linear mixed-effect model revealed that age, medication, fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and fibre intake were associated with continuous MetS (cMetS) score across all time points. Multiple linear regressions were then used to build 2 prediction models using 1-year cMetS score as the outcome variable. Model 1 included only baseline variables and was 38% accurate for predicting cMetS score. Model 2 included both baseline variables and the 3-month change in cMetS score and was 86% accurate. As a secondary objective, we also examined if we could build a model to predict a person's categorical response bin (i.e., positive responder, nonresponder, or adverse responder) at 1 year using the same variables. We found 72% concordance between predicted and observed outcomes. These various prediction models need to be further tested in independent cohorts but provide a potentially promising new tool to project patient outcomes during lifestyle interventions for MetS. Novelty Short-term changes in cMetS score improve prediction model performance compared with only baseline variables. Predictive models could potentially facilitate clinical decision-making for personalized treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Lowry
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Zeny Feng
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | | | - Paula Brauer
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dawna Royall
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Doug Klein
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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15
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Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Jovanovski E, Jenkins AL, Komishon A, Au-Yeung F, Zurbau A, Ho HVT, Li D, Smircic-Duvnjak L. Effect of soluble-viscous dietary fibre on coronary heart disease risk score across 3 population health categories: data from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:801-804. [PMID: 32213141 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We applied the Framingham risk equation in healthy, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes populations, following treatment with viscous fibre from konjac-based blend (KBB). KBB yielded reduction in estimated risk score by 16% (1.04 ± 0.03 vs. 0.87 ± 0.04, p < 0.01) in type 2 diabetes, 24% (1.08 ± 0.01 vs. 0.82 ± 0.02, p < 0.01) in metabolic syndrome, and 25% (1.09 ± 0.05 vs. 0.82 ± 0.06, p < 0.01) in healthy individuals. Drivers for decreased risk were improvements in blood cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. The composite coronary heart disease risk across populations was reduced 22% (p < 0.01). Novelty Viscous fibre from konjac-xanthan reduced 10-year relative coronary heart disease using Framingham Risk Score across the glycemic status spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vuksan
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1A6, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1A6, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Elena Jovanovski
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alexandra L Jenkins
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Allison Komishon
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Fei Au-Yeung
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hoang V T Ho
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dandan Li
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lea Smircic-Duvnjak
- Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolic Diseases Vuk Vrhovac, University Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Wolfe Phillips E, Rao DP, Kaminsky LA, Tomkinson GR, Ross R, Lang JJ. Criterion-referenced mCAFT cut-points to identify metabolically healthy cardiorespiratory fitness among adults aged 18-69 years: an analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1007-1014. [PMID: 32213148 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate health-related criterion-referenced cut-points for the modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test (mCAFT), a field-based measure to predict cardiorespiratory fitness among adults (18-69 years). Criterion-referenced mCAFT cut-points were developed using nationally representative data from cycles 1 (2007-2009) and 2 (2009-2011) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify age- and sex-specific cut-points for measured waist circumference, blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein. Cut-points were validated against metabolic syndrome using a fasted subsample (n = 1093) from cycle 5 (2016-2017). For the main analyses, 4967 participants (50% women) were retained. The mCAFT cut-points ranged from 28 to 43 mL·kg-1·min-1 (area under the curve (AUC): 0.60-0.87) among men, and 23 to 37 mL·kg-1·min-1 (AUC: 0.61-0.86) among women. The likelihood of meeting the new mCAFT cut-points decreased with an increase in the presence of metabolic risk factors. In total, 54% (95% confidence interval: 42% to 67%) of Canadian adults met the new mCAFT cut-points in 2016-2017. This study developed and validated the first health-related criterion-referenced mCAFT cut-points for metabolic health among Canadian adults aged 18-69 years. These mCAFT cut-points may be useful in health surveillance, clinical, and public health settings. Novelty We developed and validated new criterion-referenced cut-points for the mCAFT to help identify adults at potential risk of poor metabolic health. These new cut-points could help support national health surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Wolfe Phillips
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1S 5H4, Canada
| | - Deepa P Rao
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1S 5H4, Canada
| | - Leonard A Kaminsky
- Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being & Clinical Exercise Physiology Program, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Robert Ross
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queens University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1S 5H4, Canada
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17
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Creus A, Chicco A, Álvarez SM, Giménez MS, de Lombardo YB. Dietary Salvia hispanica L. reduces cardiac oxidative stress of dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:761-768. [PMID: 31935117 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salvia hispanica L., commonly known as chia seed, has beneficial effects upon some signs of metabolic syndrome (MS), such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. However, its action on cardiac oxidative stress associated with MS remains unknown. The goal of this study was to analyze the possible beneficial effects of chia seed (variety Salba) upon the oxidative stress of left ventricle heart muscle (LV) of a well-established dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rat model induced by feeding them a sucrose-rich diet (SRD). Male Wistar rats received an SRD for 3 months. After that, for 3 additional months, half of the animals continued with the SRD, while the other half received the SRD containing chia as the source of dietary fat instead corn oil (SRD+chia). In the LV of SRD-fed rats, chia seed improved/reverted the depleted activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase, and ameliorated manganese superoxide dismutase messenger RNA (mRNA) levels increasing the expression of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Improved the glutathione redox estate, reactive oxygen species, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances contents normalizing the p47NOX subunit mRNA level. Furthermore, chia normalized hypertension and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers. The findings show that chia seed intake impacts positively upon oxidative imbalance of LV of dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats. Novelty Healthy effects of chia seed involve an improvement of cardiac antioxidant defenses through Nrf2 induction. Chia seed intake reduces cardiac oxidative stress markers of dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats. Dietary chia seed restores cardiac unbalanced redox state of dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Creus
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Adriana Chicco
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvina M Álvarez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Avenida Ejercito de Los Andes 950, and IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - María S Giménez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Avenida Ejercito de Los Andes 950, and IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Bolzón de Lombardo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
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18
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Shin S, Lim J, Lee HW, Kim CE, Kim SA, Lee JK, Kang D. Association between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and coffee consumption among Korean adults: results from the Health Examinees study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1371-1378. [PMID: 31663770 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the frequency and quantity of coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Health Examinees study. A total of 130 420 participants (43 682 men and 86 738 women) were included in our study. Coffee consumption was categorized into 5 categories (0, <1, 1, 2-3, and ≥4 cups/day). We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervalS (CIs) using multivariate logistic regression. In this study population, the prevalence of MetS was 12 701 (29.1%) in men and 21 338 (24.6%) in women. High coffee consumption (≥4 cups/day) was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS compared with non-coffee consumers (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.70-0.90, p for trend <0.0001 in men; OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.62-0.78, p for trend <0.0001 in women). The multivariable-adjusted ORs for high fasting glucose decreased with increasing levels of coffee consumption in men (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.54-0.67, p for trend <0.0001) and women (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.63-0.79, p for trend <0.0001). For women, the multivariable-adjusted ORs for hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75-0.93, p for trend = 0.0007) decreased with increasing levels of coffee consumption. We found that coffee consumption was inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean men and women. Our study warrants further prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, 17546 Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Hwi-Won Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Claire E Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, 17546 Korea
| | - Jong-Koo Lee
- JW Lee Center for Global Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Kalita H, Hazarika A, Devi R. Withdrawal of High-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet Alters Status of Trace Elements to Ameliorate Metabolic Syndrome in Rats With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Can J Diabetes 2019; 44:317-326.e1. [PMID: 32165144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inadequate nutrient supply and insulin resistance contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. MetS can be induced by prolonged feeding of a high-carbohydrate, high-fat (HCHF) diet. The present study was designed using Wistar albino rats as an experimental model to investigate the effect of subchronic withdrawal of an HCHF diet during MetS on distribution of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) in different biological media. METHODS The experimental animals were fed an HCHF diet for up to 16 weeks for induction of MetS. After inducing MetS, some animals were shifted to a basal diet for the next 4 weeks. Distribution of trace elements (TE) in serum, liver and faeces at the different time intervals and their relationship with dietary TE were analyzed. RESULTS On withdrawal of the HCHF diet, concentrations of Zn, Mg, Mn (serum, p<0.05; liver, p<0.001) and Cr were increased, and Cu and Fe were decreased in serum and liver at week 16. Furthermore, levels of Cu and Fe were reduced significantly (p<0.05) in faeces on feeding the HCHF diet and increased on withdrawal of the diet, which also reflects the metabolic fate of TE during MetS. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of an HCHF diet over a long time period leads to alteration of the TE profile in serum, liver and feces during MetS, which is reversed upon dietary intervention. This can be correlated with their concentrations in HCHF and basal diets, and hence can contribute to proper dietary control of this global issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Kalita
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati Assam, India
| | - Ankita Hazarika
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati Assam, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati Assam, India.
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20
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Marcotte-Chénard A, Deshayes TA, Ghachem A, Brochu M. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome between 1999 and 2014 in the United States adult population and the impact of the 2007-2008 recession: an NHANES study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:861-868. [PMID: 30640516 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To document changes in prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the United States adult population between 1999 and 2014 and to explore how variations in the dietary intakes explain changes in MetS prevalence and its components over time. A total of 38 541 individuals (aged 20-85 years; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014) were studied. Outcome variables were MetS, waist circumference (WC), plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides, fasting glucose (FG) levels, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, dietary intakes (total daily energy, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, sodium, and alcohol intakes), the poverty income ratio (PIR) and sociodemographic data (age, sex, ethnicity). Overall, the prevalence of the MetS significantly increased between 1999 and 2014 (27.9% to 31.5%). High plasma FG levels and high WC increased between 1999 and 2014, while the prevalence of the other components of MetS decreased or remained stable. Interestingly, a significant peak in MetS prevalence was observed in 2007-2008 compared with 1999-2006 (34.4% vs 27.6%), accompanied by a concomitant increase in WC and plasma FG levels, as well as a decrease in plasma HDL-c. Finally, significant decreases were observed for the PIR, total daily energy intake, sodium, and all macronutrient intakes in 2007-2008 compared with 1999-2006 (all P < 0.01). Results showed that the MetS prevalence significantly increased between 1999 and 2014 in the United States adult population, with a peak in 2007-2008. Interestingly, the 2007-2008 peak in MetS prevalence was accompanied by decreases in the PIR, total daily energy, and macronutrients intakes, suggesting potential impact of the 2007-2008 recession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Marcotte-Chénard
- a Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.,b Research Centre on Aging, Social Services and Health Centre-University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Thomas A Deshayes
- a Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.,b Research Centre on Aging, Social Services and Health Centre-University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Ahmed Ghachem
- a Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.,b Research Centre on Aging, Social Services and Health Centre-University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Martin Brochu
- a Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.,b Research Centre on Aging, Social Services and Health Centre-University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
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Abstract
Metabolism and Function of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) Abstract. HDL has long been considered as 'good cholesterol', beneficial to the whole body and in particular to cardio-vascular health. However, HDL is a complex particle that undergoes dynamic remodeling through interactions with various enzymes and tissue types throughout its life cycle. In this review, we explore the novel understanding of HDL as a multifaceted class of lipoprotein, with multiple subclasses of different size, molecular composition, receptor interactions, and functionality, in health and disease. Further, we report on emergent HDL based therapeutics tested in small and larger scale clinical trials and their mixed successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jomard
- 1 Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Labor für Translationale Ernährungsbiologie, Zürich
| | - Elena Osto
- 1 Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Labor für Translationale Ernährungsbiologie, Zürich
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22
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Acosta-Cota SDJ, Aguilar-Medina EM, Ramos-Payán R, Ruiz-Quiñónez AK, Romero-Quintana JG, Montes-Avila J, Rendón-Maldonado JG, Sánchez-López A, Centurión D, Osuna-Martínez U. Histopathological and biochemical changes in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high-sucrose diet at different times. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:23-36. [PMID: 30388378 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The high intake of sweetened drinks is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. These pathologies are directly related to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), considered a condition of metabolic syndrome (MS). Due to their increasing worldwide prevalence, experimental animal models have been developed to gain a better understanding of its physiopathology; notwithstanding, few studies have evaluated its progression in association with MS and ingestion of sweetened drinks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the pathophysiologic characteristics of NAFLD related to sucrose concentration and time of ingestion in rats. Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups with free access to either tap water or 30% sucrose, and euthanized at 12, 16, or 20 weeks; and 2 additional groups were given free access to either 40% or 50% sucrose and were euthanized at 20 weeks. Biochemical parameters and levels of serum cytokines were measured, and histology was performed. Ingestion of 30% sucrose induced liver steatosis until 16 weeks (grade 2) and 20 weeks (grade 3). Meanwhile, during 20 weeks, 40% sucrose induced grade 5 of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and 50% sucrose induced grade 6 of NASH and fibrosis. This study demonstrated that increasing time of induction and concentration of sucrose ingestion resulted in a higher grade of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene de Jesús Acosta-Cota
- a Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Av. las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios S/N, CP 80010, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Elsa Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- a Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Av. las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios S/N, CP 80010, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Rosalio Ramos-Payán
- a Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Av. las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios S/N, CP 80010, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Ana Karen Ruiz-Quiñónez
- a Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Av. las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios S/N, CP 80010, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - José Geovanni Romero-Quintana
- a Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Av. las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios S/N, CP 80010, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Julio Montes-Avila
- a Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Av. las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios S/N, CP 80010, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - José Guadalupe Rendón-Maldonado
- a Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Av. las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios S/N, CP 80010, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Araceli Sánchez-López
- b Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Sede Sur, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Del. Tlalpan, CP 14330, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - David Centurión
- b Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Sede Sur, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Del. Tlalpan, CP 14330, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ulises Osuna-Martínez
- a Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Av. las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios S/N, CP 80010, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
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Aburasayn H, Al Batran R, Gopal K, Almutairi M, Eshreif A, Eaton F, Ussher JR. Female offspring born to obese and insulin-resistant dams are not at increased risk for obesity and metabolic dysfunction during early development. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:97-102. [PMID: 28886253 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
The percentage of women who are obese at the time of conception or during pregnancy is increasing, with animal and human studies demonstrating that offspring born to obese dams or mothers are at increased risk for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Our goal was to confirm in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome in the dam, whether the offspring would be at increased risk of obesity. Conversely, we observed that male offspring born to dams with metabolic syndrome had no alterations in their body mass profiles, whereas female offspring born to dams with metabolic syndrome were heavier at weaning, but exhibited no perturbations in energy metabolism. Moreover, they gained weight at a reduced rate versus female offspring born to healthy dams, and thus weighed less at study completion. Hence, our findings suggest that factors other than increased adiposity and insulin resistance during pregnancy are responsible for the increased risk of obesity in children born to obese mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin Aburasayn
- a Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- b Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- c Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Rami Al Batran
- a Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- b Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- c Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Keshav Gopal
- a Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- b Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- c Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Malak Almutairi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- b Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- c Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Amina Eshreif
- a Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- b Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- c Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Farah Eaton
- a Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- b Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- c Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- a Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- b Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- c Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
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Swarnalatha NB, Roy N, Gouda MM, Moger R, Abraham A. High-fat, simple-carbohydrate diet intake induces hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis dysregulation in C57BL/6J male mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:371-380. [PMID: 29099999 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Given the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome, we wanted to explore if high-fat, simple-carbohydrate (HFSC) diet affects hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. One-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with control (C) and HFSC (T) feed (n = 18 each), respectively, for 5 months. There was a significant increase in triiodothyronine in the T group (13.5%) compared with the age-matched C group by the fifth month. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was significantly higher (1 month: 1.9-fold; 3 months: 2.66-fold; 5 months: 3.5-fold) from the first to fifth months in the T group compared with age-matched C group. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) gene expression showed significant decrease (1 month: 83.2%; 5 months: 40.7%) in the T group compared with the age-matched C group. TRHR1 showed significant decrease in the T group compared with the age-matched C group throughout the study (1 month: 82.8%; 3 months: 45.7%; 5 months: 75.2%). However, TRHR2 showed dynamic change during the study. Initially there was significant (1 month: 0.104-fold) downregulation, followed by significant upregulation (3 months: 3.6-fold) and downregulation (0.73-fold) by the fifth month in the T group compared with the age-matched C group. There was marked depletion of functional follicular cells and colloid substance in the thyroid glands of the T group by the fifth month compared with the C group. Leptin receptors ObRa (1 month: 48.25%; 5 months: 88%) and ObRb (1 month: 46.9%; 5 months: 63.3%) were significantly downregulated in the T group compared with the age-matched C group in the first and fifth months of feeding the respective diets. The expression of p-STAT3, a transcription factor known to have a role in energy balance, intermediate metabolism, and leptin signalling was seen to decrease significantly (6.25-fold) in the hypothalamus of the T group compared with the age-matched C group. In conclusion, HFSC feed disrupts the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in male C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj Banavara Swarnalatha
- a Father George Albuquerque Pai Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru-575003, India.,b PG Department of Biochemistry, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru-575003, India
| | - Neena Roy
- a Father George Albuquerque Pai Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru-575003, India
| | | | - Rajeish Moger
- d Department Fisheries Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Mangaluru-575002, India
| | - Asha Abraham
- a Father George Albuquerque Pai Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru-575003, India
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Coker RH, Robinette L, Kern PA. Minimal alteration in muscle lipid genes following stabilized weight loss. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:1277-1282. [PMID: 28777921 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Variations in skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), carntine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), perilipin protein 2 (PLIN2), and adipose tissue triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) have been described as playing important roles in the metabolic regulation of lipid oxidation, and may influence intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and muscle lipid droplet size (LDS). While acute changes in caloric balance and/or aerobic capacity may affect lipid metabolism, the influence of sustained weight loss derived from caloric restriction with weight loss (CWL) compared with exercise training with weight loss (EWL) on the abovementioned parameters has not been fully elucidated. Using a combination of metabolic feeding and/or supervised exercise training, we evaluated the influence of stabilized weight loss elicited by CWL compared with EWL without the confounding influence of acute alterations in caloric balance on molecular markers of mitochondrial metabolism and lipid droplet size in middle-aged overweight individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. There were no significant changes in PGC-1α, CPT-1, PLIN2, ATGL and, CGI-58 messenger RNA (mRNA) in CWL and EWL. While there were no changes in ATGL mRNA in CWL, there was a strong trend (P = 0.05) for the ΔATGL mRNA in EWL with stabilized weight loss. There were no significant changes in IMCL or LDS within skeletal muscle in CWL or EWL, respectively. In conclusion, under the conditions of chronic caloric balance following dietary or exercise-based interventions, mediators of mitochondrial function, IMCL and LDS, were largely unaffected. Future studies should focus on intervention-based changes in protein expression and/or phosphorylation and the relationship to physiological endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Coker
- a Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.,b Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Leizleigh Robinette
- b Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- c Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Labhardt ND, Müller UF, Ringera I, Ehmer J, Motlatsi MM, Pfeiffer K, Hobbins MA, Muhairwe JA, Muser J, Hatz C. Metabolic syndrome in patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy containing zidovudine or tenofovir in rural Lesotho, Southern Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2017; 22:725-733. [PMID: 28342180 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among patients in rural Lesotho who are taking first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing either zidovudine or tenofovir disoproxil. METHODS Cross-sectional survey in 10 facilities in Lesotho among adult (≥16 years) patients on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based first-line ART for ≥6 months. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. RESULTS Among 1166 patients (65.8% female), 22.2% (95% CI: 19.3-25.3) of women and 6.3% (4.1-9.1) of men met the IDF definition of MetS (P < 0.001). In both sexes, there was no significant difference in MetS prevalence between NNRTIs. However, in women taking zidovudine as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), MetS prevalence was 27.9%, vs. 18.8% in those taking tenofovir. In the multivariate logistic regression allowing for socio-demographic and clinical covariates, ART containing zidovudine was associated with MetS in women (aOR 2.17 (1.46-3.22), P < 0.001) but not in men. CONCLUSION In this study, taking ART containing zidovudine instead of tenofovir disoproxil was an independent predictor of MetS in women but not in men. This finding endorses WHO's recommendation of tenofovir as preferred NRTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklaus Daniel Labhardt
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Franz Müller
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Ringera
- SolidarMed, Swiss Organization for Health in Africa, Maseru West, South Africa
| | - Jochen Ehmer
- SolidarMed, Swiss Organization for Health in Africa, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Mokete M Motlatsi
- SolidarMed, Swiss Organization for Health in Africa, Maseru West, South Africa
| | - Karolin Pfeiffer
- SolidarMed, Swiss Organization for Health in Africa, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Hobbins
- SolidarMed, Swiss Organization for Health in Africa, Luzern, Switzerland
| | | | - Juergen Muser
- Central Laboratories, Cantonal Hospital Basel-Land, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hatz
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Ortinau LC, Linden MA, Rector RS, Hinton PS. Exercise improves femoral whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties in hyperphagic OLETF rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:884-892. [PMID: 28460190 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An often-overlooked comorbidity of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increased fracture risk. Since traditional T2D therapies focus solely on glucose homeostasis, there is an increased need for effective treatment strategies that improve both metabolic and bone health. The current study evaluated if previously reported protective effects of exercise (EX) on cortical bone geometry and biomechanical properties are due to the prevention of obesity compared with obese Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats or the unique skeletal effects of exercise. Four-week-old male OLETF rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups, each fed a standard rodent chow diet until 40 weeks of age: ad libitum-fed sedentary (O-SED), ad libitum-fed EX (O-EX), or a control group body-weight-matched to the O-EX group by caloric restriction (O-CR). Ad libitum-fed sedentary Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (L-SED) rats were used as a lean control. EX or CR prevented the excess body mass accumulation and elevated HbA1c observed in O-SED. Total-body bone mineral density was greater in O-EX than O-CR, but similar to L-SED and O-SED. O-EX and O-CR had lower osteocalcin and TRAP5b than O-SED and L-SED. EX or CR prevented the ∼3-fold increase in CTx in O-SED versus L-SED. EX increased femoral cortical mass accumulation and expansion at the mid-diaphysis compared with O-CR. EX or CR significantly increased tissue-level stiffness and strength compared with O-SED and L-SED, but O-EX had greater whole-bone stiffness than all other groups. In summary, EX has distinct advantages over CR for improving bone biomechanical properties in hyperphagic OLETF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Ortinau
- a Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Melissa A Linden
- a Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,b Research Service-Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- a Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,b Research Service-Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, USA.,c Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Pamela S Hinton
- a Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Richard C, Cristall L, Fleming E, Lewis ED, Ricupero M, Jacobs RL, Field CJ. Impact of Egg Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and at Risk for Developing Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Nutritional Intervention Studies. Can J Diabetes 2017; 41:453-463. [PMID: 28359773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies have reported inconclusive results regarding the relationship between egg consumption (and dietary cholesterol) and the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in individuals with type 2 diabetes, which has led to inconsistent recommendations to patients. We reviewed the evidence of egg consumption on major CVD risk factors in individuals with or at risk for type 2 diabetes (prediabetes, insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome). We performed a systematic search in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science in January 2016. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials in which the amount of egg consumed was manipulated and compared to a control group that received no-egg or low-egg diets (<2 eggs/week). We found 10 articles (6 original trials) that met our inclusion criteria. The majority of studies found that egg consumption did not affect major CVD risk factors. Consumption of 6 to 12 eggs per week had no impact on plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, insulin or C-reactive protein in all studies that reported these outcomes in comparison with control groups. An increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol with egg consumption was observed in 4 of 6 studies. Results from randomized controlled trials suggest that consumption of 6 to 12 eggs per week, in the context of a diet that is consistent with guidelines on cardiovascular health promotion, has no adverse effect on major CVD risk factors in individuals at risk for developing diabetes or with type 2 diabetes. However, heterogeneities in study design, population included and interventions prevent firm conclusions from being drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lisa Cristall
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emily Fleming
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erin D Lewis
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Ricupero
- UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - René L Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Bernardes N, Ayyappan P, De Angelis K, Bagchi A, Akolkar G, da Silva Dias D, Belló-Klein A, Singal PK. Excessive consumption of fructose causes cardiometabolic dysfunctions through oxidative stress and inflammation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1078-1090. [PMID: 28187269 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid rise in obesity, as well as physical inactivity, in industrialized countries is associated with fructose-consumption-mediated metabolic syndrome having a strong association with cardiovascular disease. Although insulin resistance is thought to be at the core, visceral obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia are also considered important components of this metabolic disorder. In addition, various other abnormalities such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and elevated levels of uric acid are also part of this syndrome. Lifestyle changes through improved physical activity, as well as nutrition, are important approaches to minimize metabolic syndrome and its deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Bernardes
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Prathapan Ayyappan
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Katia De Angelis
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ashim Bagchi
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gauri Akolkar
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Danielle da Silva Dias
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- c Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pawan K Singal
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Carson V, Tremblay MS, Chaput JP, Chastin SFM. Associations between sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity, and health indicators among Canadian children and youth using compositional analyses. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 41:S294-302. [PMID: 27306435 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between movement behaviours (sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity) and health indicators in a representative sample of children and youth using compositional analyses. Cross-sectional findings are based on 4169 children and youth (aged 6-17 years) from cycles 1 to 3 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Sedentary time (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were accelerometer-derived. Sleep duration was subjectively measured. Body mass index z scores, waist circumference, blood pressure, behavioural strengths and difficulties, and aerobic fitness were measured in the full sample. Triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and insulin were measured in a fasting subsample. The composition of movement behaviours was entered into linear regression models via an isometric log ratio transformation and was found to be associated with all health indicators (p < 0.01). Relative to other movement behaviours, time spent in SB or LPA was positively associated (p < 0.04) and time spent in MVPA or sleep was negatively associated (p < 0.02) with obesity risk markers. Similarly, LPA was positively associated (p < 0.005) and sleep was negatively associated (p < 0.03) with unfavourable behavioural strengths and difficulties scores and systolic blood pressure. Relative to other movement behaviours, time spent in SB was negatively associated (p < 0.001) and time spent in MVPA (p < 0.001) was positively associated with aerobic fitness. Likewise, MVPA was also negatively associated with several cardiometabolic risk markers (p < 0.008). Compositional data analyses provide novel insights into collective health implications of 24-h movement behaviours and can facilitate interesting avenues for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- a Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- b Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- b Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Sebastien F M Chastin
- c Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Social Care, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
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Baetge C, Earnest CP, Lockard B, Coletta AM, Galvan E, Rasmussen C, Levers K, Simbo SY, Jung YP, Koozehchian M, Oliver J, Dalton R, Sanchez B, Byrd MJ, Khanna D, Jagim A, Kresta J, Greenwood M, Kreider RB. Efficacy of a randomized trial examining commercial weight loss programs and exercise on metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:216-227. [PMID: 28044449 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While commercial dietary weight-loss programs typically advise exercise, few provide actual programing. The goal of this study was to compare the Curves Complete 90-day Challenge (CC, n = 29), which incorporates exercising and diet, to programs advocating exercise (Weight Watchers Points Plus (WW, n = 29), Jenny Craig At Home (JC, n = 27), and Nutrisystem Advance Select (NS, n = 28)) or control (n = 20) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and weight loss. We randomized 133 sedentary, overweight women (age, 47 ± 11 years; body mass, 86 ± 14 kg; body mass index, 35 ± 6 kg/m2) into respective treatment groups for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using chi square and general linear models adjusted for age and respective baseline measures. Data are means ± SD or mean change ± 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We observed a significant trend for a reduction in energy intake for all treatment groups and significant weight loss for all groups except control: CC (-4.32 kg; 95% CI, -5.75, -2.88), WW (-4.31 kg; 95% CI, -5.82, -2.96), JC (-5.34 kg; 95% CI, -6.86, -3.90), NS (-5.03 kg; 95% CI, -6.49, -3.56), and control (0.16 kg, 95% CI, -1.56, 1.89). Reduced MetS prevalence was observed at follow-up for CC (35% vs. 14%, adjusted standardized residuals (adjres.) = 3.1), but not WW (31% vs. 28% adjres. = 0.5), JC (37% vs. 42%, adjres. = -0.7), NS (39% vs. 50% adjres. = -1.5), or control (45% vs. 55% adjres. = -1.7). While all groups improved relative fitness (mL·kg-1·min-1) because of weight loss, only the CC group improved absolute fitness (L/min). In conclusion, commercial programs offering concurrent diet and exercise programming appear to offer greater improvements in MetS prevalence and cardiovascular function after 12 weeks of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Baetge
- a Health & Kinesiology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Conrad P Earnest
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brittanie Lockard
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Adriana M Coletta
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Elfego Galvan
- c Department of Rehabilitation Services, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kyle Levers
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sunday Y Simbo
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y Peter Jung
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Majid Koozehchian
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Oliver
- d Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Dalton
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brittany Sanchez
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Byrd
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Deepesh Khanna
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Jagim
- e Exercise and Sports Science, Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Julie Kresta
- f Department of Physical Therapy, Methodist University, Fayetteville, NC, USA
| | - Mike Greenwood
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- b Exercise & Sports Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Ittichaicharoen J, Apaijai N, Tanajak P, Sa-Nguanmoo P, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Impaired mitochondria and intracellular calcium transients in the salivary glands of obese rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:420-429. [PMID: 28177730 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Long-term consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) causes not only obese-insulin resistance, but is also associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in several organs. However, the effect of obese-insulin resistance on salivary glands has not been investigated. We hypothesized that obese-insulin resistance induced by HFD impaired salivary gland function by reducing salivation, increasing inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as impairing mitochondrial function and calcium transient signaling. Male Wistar rats (200-220 g) were fed either a ND or an HFD (n = 8/group) for 16 weeks. At the end of week 16, salivary flow rates, metabolic parameters, and plasma oxidative stress were determined. Rats were then sacrificed and submandibular glands were removed to determine inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, mitochondrial function and dynamics, and intracellular calcium transient signaling. Long-term consumption of an HFD caused obese-insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress, fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis in the salivary glands. In addition, impaired mitochondrial function, as indicated by increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and mitochondrial swelling in salivary glands and impaired intracellular calcium regulation, as indicated by a reduced intracellular calcium transient rising rate, decay rates, and amplitude of salivary acinar cells, were observed in HFD-fed rats. However, salivary flow rate and level of aquaporin 5 protein were not different between both groups. Although HFD consumption did not affect salivation, it caused obese-insulin resistance, leading to pathophysiological alteration of salivary glands, including impaired intracellular calcium transients, increased oxidative stress and inflammation, and salivary mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitjiroj Ittichaicharoen
- a Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- b Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Tanajak
- c Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- c Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- c Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- a Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Vahid F, Shivappa N, Karamati M, Naeini AJ, Hebert JR, Davoodi SH. Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and risk of prediabetes: a case-control study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:399-404. [PMID: 28177734 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The possible relationship between diet-related inflammation and the risk of prediabetes requires further investigation, especially in non-Western populations. We examined the ability of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict the risk of prediabetes in a case-control study conducted at specialized centers in Esfahan, Iran. A total of 214 incident cases of prediabetes were selected with the nonrandom sampling procedure, and the 200 controls randomly selected from the same clinics were frequency-matched on age (±5 years) and sex. DII scores were computed based on dietary intake assessed using a validated and reproducible 168-item food-frequency questionnaire. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable beta estimates and odds ratios (ORs). Subjects in tertile 3 versus tertile 1 (T3VS1) of DII had significantly higher fasting plasma glucose (DIIT3VS1: b = 4.49; 95% CI 1.89, 7.09), oral glucose tolerance (DIIT3VS1: b = 8.76; 95% CI 1.78, 15.73), HbA1c (DIIT3VS1: b = 0.30; 95% CI 0.17, 0.42), low-density lipoprotein (DIIT3VS1: b = 16.37; 95% CI 11.04, 21.69), triglyceride (DIIT3VS1: b = 21.01; 95% CI 8.61, 33.42) and body fat (DIIT3VS1: b = 2.41; 95% CI 0.56, 4.26) and lower high-density lipoprotein (DIIT3VS1: b = -3.39; 95% CI -5.94, -0.84) and lean body mass (DIIT3VS1: b = -3.11; 95% CI -4.83, -1.39). After multivariate adjustment, subjects in the most pro-inflammatory DII group had 19 times higher odds of developing prediabetes compared with subjects in tertile 1 (DIIT3VS1: OR = 18.88; 95% CI 7.02, 50.82). Similar results were observed when DII was used as a continuous variable, (DIIcontinuous: OR = 3.62; 95% CI 2.50, 5.22). Subjects who consumed a more pro-inflammatory diet were at increased risk of prediabetes compared with those who consumed a more anti-inflammatory diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vahid
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- b Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.,c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.,d Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA
| | - Mohsen Karamati
- e Department of Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - James R Hebert
- b Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.,c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.,d Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,g Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Maruyama K, Kagota S, McGuire JJ, Wakuda H, Yoshikawa N, Nakamura K, Shinozuka K. Age-related changes to vascular protease-activated receptor 2 in metabolic syndrome: a relationship between oxidative stress, receptor expression, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:356-364. [PMID: 28103056 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is expressed in vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide (NO) - cyclic GMP-mediated vasodilation in response to 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-amide (2fLIGRLO), a PAR2-activating peptide, is impaired in aortas from aged SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr (SHRSP.ZF) rats with metabolic syndrome. Here we investigated mechanisms linking PAR2's vascular effects to phenotypic characteristics of male SHRSP.ZF rats at 10, 20, and 30 weeks of age. We found vasodilation responses to either 2fLIGRLO or enzyme-mediated PAR2 activation by trypsin were sustained until 20 weeks and lessened at 30 weeks. PAR2 protein and mRNA levels were lower in aortas at 30 weeks than at 10 and 20 weeks. PAR2-mediated responses positively correlated with PAR2 protein and mRNA levels. Decreased cGMP accumulation in the presence of 2fLIGRLO paralleled the decreased relaxations elicited by nitroprusside and the cGMP analog 8-pCPT-cGMP, and the less soluble guanylyl cyclase protein at 30 weeks. 2fLIGRLO-induced relaxation was negatively correlated with serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, an index of oxidative stress, which increased with age. Forward stepwise data regression supported a model of age-related decreases in PAR2 function resulting from decreased PAR2 mRNA and increased oxidative stress. We conclude that decreased responsiveness of aortic smooth muscle to NO and downregulation of receptor expression impair PAR2 functions at later stages of metabolic syndrome in SHRSP.ZF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Maruyama
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Satomi Kagota
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - John J McGuire
- b Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Hirokazu Wakuda
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Noriko Yoshikawa
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakamura
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Shinozuka
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
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35
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Vendrame S, Tsakiroglou P, Kristo AS, Schuschke DA, Klimis-Zacas D. Wild blueberry consumption attenuates local inflammation in the perivascular adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1045-1051. [PMID: 27669020 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been shown to play important roles in regulating vascular tone and linking local and systemic vascular inflammation. We examined the impact of PVAT on phenylephrine-mediated vasoconstriction in the aorta of obese Zucker rats (OZR) and their lean littermates (LZR) by comparing aortic rings with or without PVAT. Subsequently we placed OZR and LZR on a control (C) or an 8% wild blueberry (WB) diet and evaluated the effect of WB consumption on such response. PVAT-released adipokine concentrations were also measured as a function of WB diet. Maximal constrictor force (Fmax) in aortic rings without PVAT was significantly lower in OZR-C compared with LZR-C (0.41 ± 0.05 and 0.71 ± 0.06 g, respectively). Following WB diet, Fmax significantly increased in OZR (0.54 ± 0.06 g). In aortas with intact PVAT, Fmax was significantly lower in all groups (0.31 ± 0.06 OZR-C, 0.30 ± 0.05 OZR-WB, 0.29 ± 0.03 LZR-C, and 0.30 ± 0.04 g LZR-WB), but no difference was observed between treatments. PVAT concentrations of monocyte chemoactractant protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and adiponectin were significantly higher in OZR compared with LZR (+102%, +108%, and +45%, respectively). Following WB diet, PVAT concentrations of interleukin-8 were significantly lower in both OZR (-37%) and LZR (-30%), while adiponectin concentrations significantly increased in both OZR (+11%) and LZR (+16%). MCP-1 concentrations significantly decreased (-31%) in the PVAT of OZR with the WB diet. WB consumption appears to attenuate local inflammation in PVAT, which may impact systemic vascular inflammation and endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vendrame
- a School of Food and Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, 232 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Panagiotis Tsakiroglou
- a School of Food and Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, 232 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Aleksandra S Kristo
- b Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, 26 Yilanli Ayazma Cad., 34010 Cevizlibag Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dale A Schuschke
- c Applied Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Dorothy Klimis-Zacas
- a School of Food and Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, 232 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are widely used antihyperglycemic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on the pleiotropic actions of DPP-4 inhibitors. The aim of the present study was to examine whether gemigliptin, a recently developed DPP-4 inhibitor, could ameliorate features of metabolic syndrome. Mice were fed a Western diet (WD) for 12 weeks and were subsequently divided into 2 groups: mice fed a WD diet alone or mice fed a WD diet supplemented with gemigliptin for an additional 4 weeks. Gemigliptin treatment attenuated WD-induced body mass gain, hypercholesterolemia, adipocyte hypertrophy, and macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, which were accompanied by an increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 in subcutaneous fat. These events contributed to improved insulin sensitivity, as assessed by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test. Furthermore, gemigliptin reduced WD-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation via inhibition of de novo lipogenesis and activation of fatty acid oxidation, which was accompanied by AMP-dependent protein kinase activation. Gemigliptin ameliorated WD-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis through suppression of oxidative stress. These results suggest that DPP-4 inhibitors may represent promising therapeutic agents for metabolic syndrome beyond their current role as antihyperglycemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Choi
- a Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechan Leem
- b Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmi Park
- c Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kee Lee
- b Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- c Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,d Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- c Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,d Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,e BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
This study investigated the effect of α-amyrin (a pentacyclic triterpene) on high-fructose diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into different groups. The control group was fed normal rat chow diet. The HFD group was fed HFD (60%; w/w) for 42 days. Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg, orally, once daily) was used as a standard drug. α-Amyrin was administered in 3 doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, orally, once daily along with HFD). Plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were estimated. Changes in blood pressure, oral glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance were measured. Hepatic oxidative stress as well as messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) were analyzed. A significant increase in systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides and a significant decrease in HDL-C were observed in HFD rats as compared with control rats. Glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were also significantly impaired with HFD. α-Amyrin prevented these changes in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic oxidative stress as well as micro- and macrovesicular fatty changes in hepatocytes caused by HFD were also attenuated by α-amyrin. α-Amyrin preserved the hepatic mRNA and protein levels of PPAR-α, which was reduced in HFD group. This study thus demonstrates that α-amyrin attenuates HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Prabhakar
- a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - K H Reeta
- a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Subir Kumar Maulik
- a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- b Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
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Miles MP, Horrigan LC, Jay SE, Brown KM, Porter JW, Steward AN. Concentric and eccentric exercise, glycemic responses to a postexercise meal, and inflammation in women with high versus low waist circumference. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1262-1270. [PMID: 27841026 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate ingestion and level of concentric versus eccentric muscle activity may alter exercise-induced health benefits for individuals who have high waist circumference as a metabolic risk factor. The purpose of this study was to determine whether metabolic and inflammation responses to an exercise recovery meal differ between women with lower (Lo-WC, <80 cm) compared with higher (Hi-WC) waist circumference when the exercise is primarily concentric (uphill walking; UPHILL) versus primarily eccentric (downhill walking; DOWNHILL). Recreationally active women (age, 18-39 years; body mass index, 19-35.4 m·kg-2; Lo-WC, n = 13; Hi-WC, n = 10) completed UPHILL, DOWNHILL, and resting (CONTROL) conditions followed 30 min later by a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) with carbohydrates to protein ratio of 4:1, and blood glucose, insulin, and inflammation markers were compared across conditions. Compared with Lo-WC, the Hi-WC group had higher (p < 0.05) (i) insulin during the MMTT in CONTROL (mean ± SE; 48.5 ± 8.2 vs 22.9 ± 2.8 pmol·L-1), (ii) baseline (0.7 ± 0.4 vs 2.0 ± 1.7 pg·mL-1) interleukin-6 (IL-6), and (iii) IL-6 responses 8 h after UPHILL and CONTROL. Both groups had (i) increases in IL-6 at 0 h after UPHILL and at 8 h after DOWNHILL, and (ii) lower glycemic responses in UPHILL. Women with Hi-WC had higher IL-6 at rest and delayed increases in IL-6 after a high-carbohydrate meal in all conditions. This is consistent with an inflammation response to the meal and or uphill walking exercise. However, both concentrically and eccentrically biased exercises offered benefits to insulin responses to a high carbohydrate meal for Hi-WC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P Miles
- Montana State University, Dept. of Health and Human Development, Bozeman, MT 59171, USA.,Montana State University, Dept. of Health and Human Development, Bozeman, MT 59171, USA
| | - Laura C Horrigan
- Montana State University, Dept. of Health and Human Development, Bozeman, MT 59171, USA.,Montana State University, Dept. of Health and Human Development, Bozeman, MT 59171, USA
| | - Sara E Jay
- Montana State University, Dept. of Health and Human Development, Bozeman, MT 59171, USA.,Montana State University, Dept. of Health and Human Development, Bozeman, MT 59171, USA
| | - Karen M Brown
- Montana State University, Dept. of Health and Human Development, Bozeman, MT 59171, USA.,Montana State University, Dept. of Health and Human Development, Bozeman, MT 59171, USA
| | - Jay W Porter
- Montana State University, Dept. of Health and Human Development, Bozeman, MT 59171, USA.,Montana State University, Dept. of Health and Human Development, Bozeman, MT 59171, USA
| | - Andrea N Steward
- Montana State University, Dept. of Health and Human Development, Bozeman, MT 59171, USA.,Montana State University, Dept. of Health and Human Development, Bozeman, MT 59171, USA
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Kelany ME, Hakami TM, Omar AH. Curcumin improves the metabolic syndrome in high-fructose-diet-fed rats: role of TNF-α, NF-κB, and oxidative stress. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:140-150. [PMID: 27901349 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate effects of curcumin on high fructose diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rats and the possible mechanisms involved. MetS was induced in male albino rats (n = 20), over 8 weeks, by 65% HFD. For 8-week experiment period, rats were assigned to 2 equal groups: curcumin-treated rats received curcumin (200 mg/kg, p.o, once daily) along with HFD, and untreated rats were fed with HFD only. We evaluated body mass (BM), systolic blood pressure (SBP), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA; lipid peroxidation product), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; inflammatory cytokine), and serum catalase (endogenous antioxidant) activity and immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB; inflammation-related transcription factor) in hepatocytes. HFD produced increases in BM, SBP, HOMA-IR, and serum levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, TC, TGs, uric acid, MDA, and TNF-α, a decrease in catalase activity, and strong positive expression of NF-κB in hepatocytes. Curcumin, in presence of HFD, produced significant improvements in all glucose and fat metabolism parameters, and in oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers. Curcumin may potentially be useful in the treatment of MetS through its ability to modulate oxidation stress status and inflammation cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahir M Hakami
- b Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel H Omar
- c Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufeya University, Egypt
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de Groot S, Adriaansen JJ, Tepper M, Snoek GJ, van der Woude LHV, Post MWM. Metabolic syndrome in people with a long-standing spinal cord injury: associations with physical activity and capacity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1190-1196. [PMID: 27806636 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated (i) the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people with a long-standing spinal cord injury (SCI); (ii) whether personal or lesion characteristics are determinants of the MetS; and (iii) the association with physical activity or peak aerobic capacity on the MetS. In a cross-sectional study, persons with SCI (N = 223; time since injury of ≥10 years) were tested. The individual components of the MetS were assessed together with the physical activity measured by the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD), while peak aerobic capacity was tested during a graded wheelchair exercise test on a treadmill. Thirty-nine percent of the participants had MetS. In a multivariate logistic regression analyses and after performing a backward regression analysis, only age and education were significant determinants of the MetS. A 10-year increase in age leads to a 1.5 times more chance to have the MetS. Furthermore, people with a low education will multiply the relative risk of MetS compared with people with high education by almost 2. With and without correcting for confounders, no significant relationship was found between PASIPD or peak aerobic capacity and the MetS. It can be concluded that the prevalence of the MetS is high (39%) in people with a long-standing SCI but is comparable to the general Dutch population. Older people and those with a lower education level are most at risk for the MetS. Physical activity and peak aerobic fitness were not related to the MetS in this group with a long-standing SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja de Groot
- a Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center/Reade, PO box 58271, 1040 HG Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,b University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, A. Deusinglaan 1, gebouw 3215. Groningen 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacinthe J Adriaansen
- c Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence in Rehabilitation Medicine, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation and University Medical Center Utrecht, Rembrandtkade 10 3583 TM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marga Tepper
- d Center for Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1. Fonteinstraat 4 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Govert J Snoek
- e Rehabilitation Center Roessingh, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Lucas H V van der Woude
- b University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, A. Deusinglaan 1, gebouw 3215. Groningen 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.,d Center for Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1. Fonteinstraat 4 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel W M Post
- c Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence in Rehabilitation Medicine, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation and University Medical Center Utrecht, Rembrandtkade 10 3583 TM Utrecht, the Netherlands.,d Center for Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1. Fonteinstraat 4 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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Stuckey MI, Kiviniemi A, Gill DP, Shoemaker JK, Petrella RJ. Associations between heart rate variability, metabolic syndrome risk factors, and insulin resistance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 40:734-40. [PMID: 26140416 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine differences in heart rate variability (HRV) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to determine associations between HRV parameters, MetS risk factors, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)). Participants (n = 220; aged 23-70 years) were assessed for MetS risk factors (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and 5-min supine HRV (time and frequency domain and nonlinear). HRV was compared between those with 3 or more (MetS+) and those with 2 or fewer MetS risk factors (MetS-). Multiple linear regression models were built for each HRV parameter to investigate associations with MetS risk factors and HOMA-IR. Data with normal distribution are presented as means ± SD and those without as median [interquartile range]. In women, standard deviation of R-R intervals 38.0 [27.0] ms, 44.5 [29.3] ms; p = 0.020), low-frequency power (5.73 ± 1.06 ln ms(2), 6.13 ± 1.05 ln ms(2); p = 0.022), and the standard deviation of the length of the Poincaré plot (46.8 [31.6] ms, 58.4 [29.9] ms; p = 0.014) were lower and heart rate was higher (68 [13] beats/min, 64 [12] beats/min; p = 0. 018) in MetS+ compared with MetS-, with no differences in men. Waist circumference was most commonly associated with HRV, especially frequency domain parameters. HOMA-IR was associated with heart rate. In conclusion, MetS+ women had a less favourable HRV profile than MetS- women, but there were no differences in men. HOMA-IR was associated with heart rate, not HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie I Stuckey
- a Lawson Health Research Institute, Aging Rehabilitation and Geriatric Care Research Centre, 801 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6C 5J1, Canada.,b School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Antti Kiviniemi
- c Verve Research, Department of Exercise and Medical Physiology, Kasarmintie 13, PO Box 404, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland
| | - Dawn P Gill
- a Lawson Health Research Institute, Aging Rehabilitation and Geriatric Care Research Centre, 801 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6C 5J1, Canada.,d Faculty of Health Sciences, Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.,e School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - J Kevin Shoemaker
- g School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Robert J Petrella
- a Lawson Health Research Institute, Aging Rehabilitation and Geriatric Care Research Centre, 801 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6C 5J1, Canada.,b School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,f Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
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Talbot S, Dias JP, El Midaoui A, Couture R. Beneficial effects of kinin B1 receptor antagonism on plasma fatty acid alterations and obesity in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:752-7. [PMID: 27172260 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Kinins are the endogenous ligands of the constitutive B2 receptor (B2R) and the inducible B1 receptor (B1R). Whereas B2R prevents insulin resistance, B1R is involved in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. However, the contribution of B1R in type 2 diabetes associated with obesity remains uncertain. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of 1-week treatment with a selective B1R antagonist (SSR240612, 10 mg/kg per day, by gavage) on hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, leptinemia, body mass gain, and abnormal plasma fatty acids in obese Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Treatment with SSR240612 abolished the body mass gain and reduced polyphagia, polydipsia, and plasma fatty acid alterations in ZDF rats without affecting hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia. The present study suggests that the upregulated B1R plays a role in body mass gain and circulating fatty acid alterations in ZDF rats. However, mechanisms other than B1R induction would be implicated in glucose metabolism disorder in ZDF rats, based on the finding that SSR240612 did not reverse hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Talbot
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station City-Center, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station City-Center, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jenny Pena Dias
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station City-Center, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station City-Center, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Adil El Midaoui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station City-Center, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station City-Center, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station City-Center, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station City-Center, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Rizk FH, Elshweikh SA, Abd El-Naby AY. Irisin levels in relation to metabolic and liver functions in Egyptian patients with metabolic syndrome. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:359-62. [PMID: 26695389 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Irisin is a new myokine that is suspected to influence metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there is a great controversy with respect to its level in cases of MetS and its correlation with different metabolic parameters. The present study assesses irisin levels in MetS patients and studies its relationship to metabolic and liver functions to evaluate the possible role of the liver in regulation of this level. Sixty subjects were included in this experiment, who were divided into 3 groups: group I (normal control), group II (MetS patients with normal liver enzymes), and group III (MetS with elevated liver enzymes and fatty liver disease). Serum irisin levels showed significant increases in groups II and III compared with group I, and significant increases in group III compared with group II. Also, irisin levels were positively correlated with body mass index, serum triglycerides, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and liver enzymes. We concluded that serum irisin levels increased in patients with MetS, especially those with elevated liver enzymes, and had a positive correlation with parameters of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis with the possibility of hepatic clearance to irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma H Rizk
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Samah A Elshweikh
- b Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Amira Y Abd El-Naby
- c Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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Kapravelou G, Martínez R, Andrade AM, Nebot E, Camiletti-Moirón D, Aparicio VA, Lopez-Jurado M, Aranda P, Arrebola F, Fernandez-Segura E, Bermano G, Goua M, Galisteo M, Porres JM. Aerobic interval exercise improves parameters of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other alterations of metabolic syndrome in obese Zucker rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:1242-52. [PMID: 26509584 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of metabolic alterations that increase the susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been described as the liver manifestation of MS. We aimed to test the beneficial effects of an aerobic interval training (AIT) protocol on different biochemical, microscopic, and functional liver alterations related to the MS in the experimental model of obese Zucker rat. Two groups of lean and obese animals (6 weeks old) followed a protocol of AIT (4 min at 65%-80% of maximal oxygen uptake, followed by 3 min at 50%-65% of maximal oxygen uptake for 45-60 min, 5 days/week, 8 weeks of experimental period), whereas 2 control groups remained sedentary. Obese rats had higher food intake and body weight (P < 0.0001) and suffered significant alterations in plasma lipid profile, area under the curve after oral glucose overload (P < 0.0001), liver histology and functionality, and antioxidant status. The AIT protocol reduced the severity of alterations related to glucose and lipid metabolism and increased the liver protein expression of PPARγ, as well as the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (P < 0.001). The training protocol also showed significant effects on the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, although this action was greatly influenced by rat phenotype. The present data suggest that AIT protocol is a feasible strategy to improve some of the plasma and liver alterations featured by the MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garyfallia Kapravelou
- a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Rosario Martínez
- a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Ana M Andrade
- a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Elena Nebot
- a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Daniel Camiletti-Moirón
- a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Virginia A Aparicio
- a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Maria Lopez-Jurado
- a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Pilar Aranda
- a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Francisco Arrebola
- b Department of Histology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Segura
- b Department of Histology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Giovanna Bermano
- c Institute for Health and Wellbeing Research, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Marie Goua
- c Institute for Health and Wellbeing Research, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Milagros Galisteo
- d Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Jesus M Porres
- a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
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Pintana H, Sripetchwandee J, Supakul L, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. Garlic extract attenuates brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive deficit in obese-insulin resistant rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1373-9. [PMID: 25350296 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in the obese-insulin resistant condition has been shown to affect cognitive as well as brain mitochondrial functions. Garlic extract has exerted a potent antioxidant effect. However, the effects of garlic extract on the brain of obese-insulin resistant rats have never been investigated. We hypothesized that garlic extract improves cognitive function and brain mitochondrial function in obese-insulin resistant rats induced by long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption. Male Wistar rats were fed either normal diet or HFD for 16 weeks (n = 24/group). At week 12, rats in each dietary group received either vehicle or garlic extract (250 and 500 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for 28 days. Learning and memory behaviors, metabolic parameters, and brain mitochondrial function were determined at the end of treatment. HFD led to increased body weight, visceral fat, plasma insulin, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating the development of insulin resistance. Furthermore, HFD rats had cognitive deficit and brain mitochondrial dysfunction. HFD rats treated with both doses of garlic extract had decreased body weight, visceral fat, plasma cholesterol, and MDA levels. Garlic extract also improved cognitive function and brain mitochondrial function, which were impaired in obese-insulin resistant rats caused by HFD consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiranya Pintana
- a Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Dogra S, Clarke J, Roy J, Fowles J. BMI-specific waist circumference is better than skinfolds for health-risk determination in the general population. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 40:134-41. [PMID: 25591950 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of fat is important when considering health risk; however, the value added from skinfold measurements (SKF) when using body mass index (BMI) refined by waist circumference (WC) is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of SKF compared with WC in determination of health risk in the general population. Data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (cycles 1 and 2; N = 5217) were used. Health outcomes included directly measured blood pressure, cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin, lung function, self-reported health, and chronic conditions. Technical errors of measurements (TEM), sensitivity, and specificity analysis and linear regressions were conducted. Data indicated that TEM for SKF was above the acceptable 5% in most age and sex categories. Sensitivity and specificity of chronic conditions was not improved with the inclusion of SKF in models containing WC (in those aged 45-69 years) and SKF did not explain any additional variance in regression models containing WC. Health outcomes for those in the normal weight and overweight BMI category were significantly worse in those classified as high risk based on WC, whereas SKF did not consistently discriminate risk. In conclusion, evidence-based WC cut-points were shown to identify health risk, particularly in normal weight and overweight individuals. Thus, BMI refined by WC appears to be more appropriate than SKF for assessment of body composition when determining health risk in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Dogra
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St. N., Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada
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Chateau-Degat ML, Pereg D, Egeland GM, Nieboer E, Bonnier-Viger Y, Laouan-Sidi EA, Dannenbaum D, Dewailly E. Diabetes and related metabolic conditions in an aboriginal cree community of quebec, Canada. Can J Diabetes 2009; 33:156-62. [PMID: 25998590 DOI: 10.1016/S1499-2671(09)33006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome according to International Diabetes Federation criteria in the First Nations Cree community of Mistissini, Quebec. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 172 adults was performed as part of a broader regional environmental study. RESULTS Type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia and abdominal obesity were documented in 20%, 70% and 91% of participants, respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 54%, with the main profile including abnormal plasma glucose levels (60%) associated with high triacylglycerol (40%). Women displayed the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity (99%). In both sexes, waist circumference was clearly associated with other metabolic parameters, such as blood glucose and lipid profile (p<0.0001). However, a significant proportion of the population (13%), especially women, showed high waist circumference with no metabolic disturbances. CONCLUSION Among the Cree population of Mistissini, the results suggest that the high prevalence of abdominal obesity occurs most frequently in women, and earlier in women than in men. Subsequent metabolic disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome develop with age, supporting the core role of abdominal obesity in the cascade of events leading to diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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