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Donno D, Mellano MG, Cerutti AK, Beccaro GL. Nutraceuticals in Alternative and Underutilized Fruits as Functional Food Ingredients: Ancient Species for New Health Needs. ALTERNATIVE AND REPLACEMENT FOODS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7149706 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811446-9.00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A diet containing high levels of fruit has been associated with a lowered risk of chronic diseases as, in addition to their vitamin and mineral content, they also contain various compounds with health-protective effects, in particular antioxidant and antiinflammatory compounds. Wild plant species are of interest to the food industry because of their ability to replace synthetic chemicals and nutraceuticals; however, the nutritional, economical, and sociocultural values of some neglected and underutilized natural resources have not yet been fully exploited. Some of these less well-known and underutilized fruits, which have the potential to provide novel sources of health-promoting agents, are presented in this chapter (i.e., Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, Crataegus azarolus L., Lycium barbarum L., Morus nigra L., and Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medicus). Underutilized fruits could represent an opportunity for growers to gain access to these special markets where consumers place emphasis on high contents of nutrients that are capable of preventing degenerative diseases. The development of specific horticultural models for nutraceutical fruit production could be an interesting opportunity to obtain a highly standardized raw material for fresh or derived products.
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Kumar BR. Application of HPLC and ESI-MS techniques in the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids from green leafy vegetables (GLVs). J Pharm Anal 2017; 7:349-364. [PMID: 29404060 PMCID: PMC5790745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets containing high proportions of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of onset of chronic diseases. The role of herbal medicines in improving human health is gaining popularity over the years, which also increases the need for safety and efficiency of these products. Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are the richest source of phenolic compounds with excellent antioxidant properties. Increased consumption of diets containing phenolic compounds may give positive and better results to human health and significantly improves the immune system. Highly selective, susceptible and versatile analytical techniques are necessary for extraction, identification, and quantification of phenolic compounds from plant extracts, which helps to utilize their important biological properties. Recent advances in the pre-treatment procedures, separation techniques and spectrometry methods are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds. The online coupling of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become a useful tool in the metabolic profiling of plant samples. In this review, the separation and identification of phenolic acids and flavonoids from GLVs by LC-MS have been discussed along with the general extraction procedures and other sources of mass spectrometer used. The review is devoted to the understanding of the structural configuration, nature and accumulation pattern of phenolic acids and flavonoids in plants and to highlighting the recent developments in the chemical investigation of these compounds by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. It concludes with the advantages of the combination of these two methods and prospects.
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Peng M, Li S, Wu J, Guo Y, Cao S, Zhao Y. Fragmentation studies of sartans by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:591-596. [PMID: 28677141 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sartans and related analogues with 5-oxo-l, 2, 4-oxadiazole ring and tetrazole ring are investigated in detail using collision-induced dissociation (CID) method in positive ion mode by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn ). It is found that the protonated sartans and related analogues tend to form the N-substituted-3-substituted phenanthridin-6-amine ion which has a large conjugative structure. The possible fragmentation pathways were proposed for the first time, and the key structure of product ions was confirmed by high resolution tandem mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation. It is very helpful for understanding the intriguing roles of sartans analogues in fragmentation reactions and enriching the knowledge of the gas-phase chemistry of the oxadiazole and tetrazole ring. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peng
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - S Li
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - J Wu
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Y Guo
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - S Cao
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Y Zhao
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Zhang W, Huai W, Zhang Y, Shen J, Tang X, Xie X, Wang K, Fan H. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Hyphenated with Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Determination of Necine-Core-Structure Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Crotalaria sessiliflora L. without all Corresponding Standards. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:365-373. [PMID: 28332747 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crotalaria sessiliflora L. is a Chinese traditional herb for treatment of cutaneum carcinoma and cervical carcinoma. In addition to monocrotaline, coexisting pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) also require further quantification for quality control and pharmaceutical uses of the herb. OBJECTIVE To establish a UPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS method of simultaneous determination of coexisting PAs with same parent structure for quality control and comprehensive researches of Crotalaria sessiliflora L. METHODOLOGY PAs in Crotalaria sessiliflora L. were analysed by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS method. Coexisting PAs were identified by mass data of full MS-dd-MS2 based on the characteristic fragmentation pattern and necine-core structure. Moreover, quantification of PAs was conducted by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode using m/z 138, m/z 120 and m/z 94 from identical necine-core structure as quantitative ions with single monocrotaline standard for accurate calibration. RESULTS Five PAs, named monocrotaline, retrorsine, senecionine, integerrimine, O-9-angeloylretronecine, were indentified and confirmed. Quantitative ions of m/z 138, m/z 120 and m/z 94 were used for quantification of PAs containing the necine-core structure in Crotalaria sessiliflora L. The results demonstrated that contents, precision and recoveries of the five PAs mentioned earlier were respectively 3.307-30.35 μg/g, 1.1-4.5% and 88.91-92.33% while using m/z 120 as the best quantitative ion. CONCLUSION The UPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS method was established for simultaneous determination of five PAs in Crotalaria sessiliflora L. without all corresponding standards, and was proved that it was simple, convenient and effective for comprehensive quality control and pharmaceutical uses. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wenbei Huai
- School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Food Inspection Center, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Qurantine Bureau, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518045, P. R. China
| | - Jincan Shen
- Food Inspection Center, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Qurantine Bureau, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518045, P. R. China
| | - Xunyou Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Huajun Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
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Huang X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li SP, Yue H, Chen CB, Liu SY. Multicomponent assessment and ginsenoside conversions of Panax quinquefolium L. roots before and after steaming by HPLC-MS n. J Ginseng Res 2017; 43:27-37. [PMID: 30662291 PMCID: PMC6323152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The structural conversions in ginsenosides induced by steaming or heating or acidic condition could improve red ginseng bioactivities significantly. In this paper, the chemical transformations of red American ginseng from fresh Panax quinquefolium L. under steaming were investigated, and the possible mechanisms were discussed. Methods A method with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-MSn)-equipped electrospray ionization ion source was developed for structural analysis and quantitation of ginsenosides in dried and red American ginseng. Results In total, 59 ginsenosides of protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol, oleanane, and ocotillol types were identified in American ginseng before and after steaming process by matching the molecular weight and/or comparing MSn fragmentation with that of standards and/or known published compounds, and some of them were determined to be disappeared or newly generated under different steaming time and temperature. The specific fragments of each aglycone-type ginsenosides were determined as well as aglycone hydrated and dehydrated ones. The mechanisms were deduced as hydrolysis, hydration, dehydration, and isomerization of neutral and acidic ginsenosides. Furthermore, the relative peak areas of detected compounds were calculated based on peak areas ratio. Conclusion The multicomponent assessment of American ginseng was conducted by HPLC-MSn. The result is expected to provide possibility for holistic evaluation of the processing procedures of red American ginseng and a scientific basis for the usage of American ginseng in prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai-Ping Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Yue
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chang-Bao Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shu-Ying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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Structural characterization and discrimination of the Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and Paris vietnamensis based on metabolite profiling analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:252-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Raclariu AC, Mocan A, Popa MO, Vlase L, Ichim MC, Crisan G, Brysting AK, de Boer H. Veronica officinalis Product Authentication Using DNA Metabarcoding and HPLC-MS Reveals Widespread Adulteration with Veronica chamaedrys. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:378. [PMID: 28674497 PMCID: PMC5474480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying herbal products derived from local and traditional knowledge and their value chains is one of the main challenges in ethnopharmacology. The majority of these products have a long history of use, but non-harmonized trade and differences in regulatory policies between countries impact their value chains and lead to concerns over product efficacy, safety and quality. Veronica officinalis L. (common speedwell), a member of Plantaginaceae family, has a long history of use in European traditional medicine, mainly in central eastern Europe and the Balkans. However, no specified control tests are available either to establish the quality of derived herbal products or for the discrimination of its most common substitute, V. chamaedrys L. (germander speedwell). In this study, we use DNA metabarcoding and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) to authenticate sixteen V. officinalis herbal products and compare the potential of the two approaches to detect substitution, adulteration and the use of unreported constituents. HPLC-MS showed high resolution in detecting phytochemical target compounds, but did not enable detection of specific plant species in the products. DNA metabarcoding detected V. officinalis in only 15% of the products, whereas it detected V. chamaedrys in 62% of the products. The results confirm that DNA metabarcoding can be used to test for the presence of Veronica species, and detect substitution and/or admixture of other Veronica species, as well as simultaneously detect all other species present. Our results confirm that none of the herbal products contained exactly the species listed on the label, and all included substitutes, contaminants or fillers. This study highlights the need for authentication of raw herbals along the value chain of these products. An integrative methodology can assess both the quality of herbal products in terms of target compound concentrations and species composition, as well as admixture and substitution with other chemical compounds and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta C Raclariu
- Plant Evolution and Metabarcoding Group, Natural History Museum, University of OsloOslo, Norway.,Stejarul Research Centre for Biological Sciences, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences (NIRDBS)Piatra Neamţ, Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania.,ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-NapocaCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Madalina O Popa
- Stejarul Research Centre for Biological Sciences, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences (NIRDBS)Piatra Neamţ, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of OsloOslo, Norway
| | - Mihael C Ichim
- Stejarul Research Centre for Biological Sciences, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences (NIRDBS)Piatra Neamţ, Romania
| | - Gianina Crisan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anne K Brysting
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)Oslo, Norway
| | - Hugo de Boer
- Plant Evolution and Metabarcoding Group, Natural History Museum, University of OsloOslo, Norway.,Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
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Amaral ACF, Ramos ADS, Ferreira JLP, Santos ARD, Cruz JDD, Luna AVMD, Nery VVC, Lima ICD, Chaves MHDC, Silva JRDA. LC‐HRMS for the Identification of β‐Carboline and Canthinone Alkaloids Isolated from Natural Sources. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/68075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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59
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Khan I, Rahman H, Abd El-Salam NM, Tawab A, Hussain A, Khan TA, Khan UA, Qasim M, Adnan M, Azizullah A, Murad W, Jalal A, Muhammad N, Ullah R. Punica granatum peel extracts: HPLC fractionation and LC MS analysis to quest compounds having activity against multidrug resistant bacteria. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:247. [PMID: 28468660 PMCID: PMC5415797 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Medicinal plants are rich source of traditional herbal medicine around the globe. Most of the plant’s therapeutic properties are due to the presence of secondary bioactive compounds. Methods The present study analyzed the High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractions of Puncia granatum (peel) extracts (aqueous, chloroform, ethanol and hexane) against multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus). All the fractions having antibacterial activity was processed for bioactive compounds identification using LC MS/MS analysis. Results Among total HPLC fractions (n = 30), 4 HPLC fractions of P. granatum (peel) showed potential activity against MDR pathogens. Fraction 1 (F1) and fraction 4 (F4) collected from aqueous extract showed maximum activity against P. aeruginosa. Fraction 2 (F2) of hexane showed antibacterial activity against three pathogens, while ethanol F4 exhibited antibacterial activity against A. baumannii. The active fractions were processed for LC MS/MS analysis to identify bioactive compounds. Valoneic acid dilactone (aqueous F1 and F4), Hexoside (ethanol F4) and Coumaric acid (hexane F2) were identified as bioactive compounds in HPLC fractions. Conclusion Puncia granatum peel extracts HPLC fractions exhibited potential inhibitory activity against MDR bacterial human pathogens. Several bioactive compounds were identified from the HPLC fractions. Further characterization of these compounds may be helpful to conclude it as therapeutic lead molecules against MDR pathogens.
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Stylos E, Chatziathanasiadou MV, Syriopoulou A, Tzakos AG. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) based bioavailability determination of the major classes of phytochemicals. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1047:15-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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The Use of Omic Technologies Applied to Traditional Chinese Medicine Research. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6359730. [PMID: 28250795 PMCID: PMC5307000 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6359730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural products represent one of the most important reservoirs of structural and chemical diversity for the generation of leads in the drug development process. A growing number of researchers have shown interest in the development of drugs based on Chinese herbs. In this review, the use and potential of omic technologies as powerful tools in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine are discussed. The analytical combination from each omic approach is crucial for understanding the working mechanisms of cells, tissues, organs, and organisms as well as the mechanisms of disease. Gradually, omic approaches have been introduced in every stage of the drug development process to generate high-quality Chinese medicine-based drugs. Finally, the future picture of the use of omic technologies is a promising tool and arena for further improvement in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.
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The Applications and Features of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3837270. [PMID: 27956918 PMCID: PMC5121459 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3837270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
With increasingly improved separation of complex samples and detection of unknown material capabilities, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research. This article describes the principles of liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) and their advantages and disadvantages in qualitative and quantitative analysis of TCM. We retrieved research literatures about the application of LC-MS in TCM published during the past five years at home and abroad. To better guide the analysis of TCM, this review mainly focuses on the applications category of LC-MS, how often different kinds of LC-MS are used, and the qualitative and quantitative ability of various LC-MS in the study of TCM.
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Zhang W, Tao Q, Guo Z, Fu Y, Chen X, Shar PA, Shahen M, Zhu J, Xue J, Bai Y, Wu Z, Wang Z, Xiao W, Wang Y. Systems Pharmacology Dissection of the Integrated Treatment for Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Disorders by Traditional Chinese Medicine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32400. [PMID: 27597117 PMCID: PMC5011655 DOI: 10.1038/srep32400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Though cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) are different diseases associated with different organs, they are highly correlated clinically. Importantly, in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), similar treatment strategies have been applied in both diseases. However, the etiological mechanisms underlying them remain unclear. Here, an integrated systems pharmacology approach is presented for illustrating the molecular correlations between CVDs and GIDs. Firstly, we identified pairs of genes that are associated with CVDs and GIDs and found that these genes are functionally related. Then, the association between 115 heart meridian (HM) herbs and 163 stomach meridian (SM) herbs and their combination application in Chinese patent medicine was investigated, implying that both CVDs and GIDs can be treated by the same strategy. Exemplified by a classical formula Sanhe Decoration (SHD) treating chronic gastritis, we applied systems-based analysis to introduce a drug-target-pathway-organ network that clarifies mechanisms of different diseases being treated by the same strategy. The results indicate that SHD regulated several pathological processes involved in both CVDs and GIDs. We experimentally confirmed the predictions implied by the effect of SHD for myocardial ischemia. The systems pharmacology suggests a novel integrated strategy for rational drug development for complex associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qin Tao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zihu Guo
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yingxue Fu
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuetong Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Piar Ali Shar
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mohamed Shahen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinglin Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jun Xue
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yaofei Bai
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ziyin Wu
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Yang WZ, Wu WY, Yang M, Guo DA. Elucidation of the fragmentation pathways of a complex 3,7-O-glycosyl flavonol by CID, HCD, and PQD on an LTQ-Orbitrap Velos Pro hybrid mass spectrometer. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:867-872. [PMID: 26614462 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to systematically investigate the ESI-MS(n) behavior of a complex 3, 7-O-glycosyl flavonol, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-[2,3-di-O-β-D-(6-E-p-coumaroyl)glucopyranosyl]-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (KO) isolated from Epimedium wushanense, and to address the elimination priority among different glycosylation sites and different sugars/substituents. The direct-infusion ESI-MS(n) experiment of KO was performed on a hybrid LTQ-Orbitrap Velos Pro mass spectrometer in both negative and positive ion modes by three different fragmentation mechanisms (CID, HCD, and PQD). The CID, HCD, and PQD analyses of KO exhibited remarkable discrimination in respect of the scan range, richness, and distribution of product ions through the entire spectra. KO experienced different fragmentation pathways between two ionization modes: the negative mode CID of KO eliminated the glycosyl portions (priority: 7-sugar > 3-substituent and terminal substituents > inner sugar) and produced aglycone product ions at m/z 284.03/285.04; however, abundant sodium-adduct B(3)2 together with subsequent (i,j)X(3)0 cleavages were found characteristic for the positive mode CID-MS(n). The fragmentation pathways by CID for KO were proposed by analyzing the high accuracy ESI-MS(n) data. Complementary structural information of KO regarding the aglycone and glycosyl portions was obtained by analyzing the ESI-MS(n) data in both ionization modes. In conclusion, the LTQ-Orbitrap method facilitates highly reliable qualitative analysis of bioactive flavonoids with three alternative fragmentation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhi Yang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - De-An Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Profiling and identification of metabolites of isorhynchophylline in rats by ultra high performance liquid chromatography and linear ion trap Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:147-156. [PMID: 27561181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The searching of potentially bioactive metabolites in the biological body is an interesting and meaningful work for the drug study. However, the structural clarification of possible metabolites is one of the most challenging tasks in drug metabolism studies because of the variety of metabolic reactions and complexity of metabolites in vivo. Here, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography/linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (U-HPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) with combination of data post-processing techniques, including extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) and multiple mass defect filters (MMDF), was established for profiling and identification of metabolites of isorhynchophylline (IR) in vivo and in vitro, and the possible metabolic pathways were subsequently proposed after the oral dose of 20mg/kg; A total of 47 metabolites of IR were tentatively identified, including 47, 21, 18, and 25 metabolites in rat urine, plasma, liver and rat liver microsomes (RLM) samples, respectively. To our knowledge, most of them were reported for the first time. Seven metabolic pathways, including dehydrogenation, oxidation, hydrolysis, reduction, demethylation, hydroxylation and glucuronide conjugation were involved in the metabolism. Among them, dehydrogenation, hydrolysis, hydroxylation and oxidation were considered as the main metabolic pathway of metabolism according to metabolic profile of in vivo and in vitro. The relative percentage of each metabolite and main metabolite types were also determined to better understand the metabolic behavior of IR in rats. The newly discovered IR metabolites significantly expanded our understanding and were going to be greatly helpful for the further pharmacokinetic study of IR in vivo.
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66
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Ivanova NV, Kuzmina ML, Braukmann TWA, Borisenko AV, Zakharov EV. Authentication of Herbal Supplements Using Next-Generation Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156426. [PMID: 27227830 PMCID: PMC4882080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA-based testing has been gaining acceptance as a tool for authentication of a wide range of food products; however, its applicability for testing of herbal supplements remains contentious. METHODS We utilized Sanger and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) for taxonomic authentication of fifteen herbal supplements representing three different producers from five medicinal plants: Echinacea purpurea, Valeriana officinalis, Ginkgo biloba, Hypericum perforatum and Trigonella foenum-graecum. Experimental design included three modifications of DNA extraction, two lysate dilutions, Internal Amplification Control, and multiple negative controls to exclude background contamination. Ginkgo supplements were also analyzed using HPLC-MS for the presence of active medicinal components. RESULTS All supplements yielded DNA from multiple species, rendering Sanger sequencing results for rbcL and ITS2 regions either uninterpretable or non-reproducible between the experimental replicates. Overall, DNA from the manufacturer-listed medicinal plants was successfully detected in seven out of eight dry herb form supplements; however, low or poor DNA recovery due to degradation was observed in most plant extracts (none detected by Sanger; three out of seven-by NGS). NGS also revealed a diverse community of fungi, known to be associated with live plant material and/or the fermentation process used in the production of plant extracts. HPLC-MS testing demonstrated that Ginkgo supplements with degraded DNA contained ten key medicinal components. CONCLUSION Quality control of herbal supplements should utilize a synergetic approach targeting both DNA and bioactive components, especially for standardized extracts with degraded DNA. The NGS workflow developed in this study enables reliable detection of plant and fungal DNA and can be utilized by manufacturers for quality assurance of raw plant materials, contamination control during the production process, and the final product. Interpretation of results should involve an interdisciplinary approach taking into account the processes involved in production of herbal supplements, as well as biocomplexity of plant-plant and plant-fungal biological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Ivanova
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria L. Kuzmina
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas W. A. Braukmann
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex V. Borisenko
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evgeny V. Zakharov
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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67
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Phenolic Compounds in Chilean Mistletoe (Quintral, Tristerix tetrandus) Analyzed by UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS and Its Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2016; 21:245. [PMID: 26907248 PMCID: PMC6274319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has become a method of choice to characterize bioactive compounds in biological samples because of its sensitivity and selectivity. Hybrid ultra-HPLC hyphenated with Orbitrap mass analyzer is an innovative state of the art technology that allows fast and accurate metabolomic analyses. In this work the metabolites of a Chilean mistletoe endemic to the VIII region of Chile were investigated for the first time using UHPLC mass analysis (UHPLC-PDA-HESI-Orbitrap MSn). The anthocyanins, together with the non-pigmented phenolics were fingerprinted and correlated with the antioxidant capacities measured by the bleaching of the DPPH radical, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the superoxide anion scavenging activity assay (SA), and total content of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins measured by spectroscopic methods. Six anthocyanins were identified, and among them, the 3-O-glycosides of delphinidin and cyanidin were the major ones. In addition, several phenolic acids (including feruloylquinic acid, feruloyl glucose, chlorogenic acid) and several flavonols (luteolin, quercetin, apigenin, isorhamnetin and glycoside derivatives) were also identified. The mistletoe leaves showed the highest antioxidant activity as measured by the DPPH radical bleaching, ferric reducing antioxidant power and superoxide anion scavenging activity tests (13.38 ± 0.47 µg/mL, 125.32 ± 5.96 µmolTE/g DW and 84.06 ± 4.59 at 100 µg/mL, respectively).
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68
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Simirgiotis MJ, Quispe C, Bórquez J, Areche C, Sepúlveda B. Fast Detection of Phenolic Compounds in Extracts of Easter Pears (Pyrus communis) from the Atacama Desert by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS). Molecules 2016; 21:92. [PMID: 26784158 PMCID: PMC6273977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A small Chilean variety of pears growing in the town of Toconao, an oasis located at the northeastern edge of the Salar de Atacama, northern Chile, was studied by means of modern PDA and high resolution mass spectral data (UHPLC-PDA-HESI-orbitrap-MS/MS). In addition, the antioxidant features of the fruits were compared with the varieties Packhman’s Triumph and Abate Fetel and correlated with the presence of phenolic compounds. The non-pigmented phenolics were fingerprinted and related to the antioxidant capacities measured by the bleaching of the DPPH radical, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the superoxide anion scavenging activity assay (SA), and total content of phenolics and flavonoids measured by spectroscopic methods. The machine allowed a fast separation of 15 min employing a flow rate of 1 mL per minute and could accurately identify 25 compounds, including several isorhamnetin derivatives and phenolic acids, present in the peel and pulps of this Chilean variety for the first time. The compounds were monitored using a wavelength range of 210–800 nm. The native small Chilean pear showed the highest antioxidant activity measured as the bleaching of the DPPH radical, the ferric reducing antioxidant power and superoxide anion scavenging activity (8.61 ± 0.65 μg/mL, 712.63 ± 12.12 micromols trolox equivalents (μmol/TE)/100 g FW, and 82.89% ± 2.52% at 100 μg/mL, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J Simirgiotis
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Coloso S-N, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile.
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1110939, Chile.
| | - Jorge Bórquez
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Coloso S-N, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile.
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago 7800024, Chile.
| | - Beatriz Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Campus Viña del Mar, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
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69
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de Villiers A, Venter P, Pasch H. Recent advances and trends in the liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1430:16-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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70
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Yao C, Yang W, Si W, Pan H, Qiu S, Wu J, Shi X, Feng R, Wu W, Guo D. A strategy for establishment of practical identification methods for Chinese patent medicine from systematic multi-component characterization to selective ion monitoring of chemical markers: Shuxiong tablet as a case study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10883k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A SMC-SIM strategy for establishment of practical identification methods for Chinese patent medicine.
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71
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Global Profiling of Various Metabolites in Platycodon grandiflorum by UPLC-QTOF/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26786-96. [PMID: 26569219 PMCID: PMC4661852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a method of metabolite profiling based on UPLC-QTOF/MS was developed to analyze Platycodon grandiflorum. In the optimal UPLC, various metabolites, including major platycosides, were separated well in 15 min. The metabolite extraction protocols were also optimized by selecting a solvent for use in the study, the ratio of solvent to sample and sonication time. This method was used to profile two different parts of P. grandiflorum, i.e., the roots of P. grandiflorum (PR) and the stems and leaves of P. grandiflorum (PS), in the positive and negative ion modes. As a result, PR and PS showed qualitatively and quantitatively different metabolite profiles. Furthermore, their metabolite compositions differed according to individual plant samples. These results indicate that the UPLC-QTOF/MS-based profiling method is a good tool to analyze various metabolites in P. grandiflorum. This metabolomics approach can also be applied to evaluate the overall quality of P. grandiflorum, as well as to discriminate the cultivars for the medicinal plant industry.
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72
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The relevance of pharmacognosy in pharmacological research on herbal medicinal products. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 52:344-62. [PMID: 26169932 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As all medicines, herbal medicinal products are expected to be safe, effective, and of appropriate quality. However, regulations on herbal medicinal products vary from country to country, and herbal preparations do occur not only in the form of medicinal products but also as less strictly regulated product groups like dietary supplements. Therefore, it is not always easy for the consumers to discriminate high-quality products from low-quality products. On the other hand, herbal medicines have many special features that distinguish them from conventional medicinal products. Plants are complex multicomponent mixtures; in addition, their phytochemical composition is not constant because of inherent variability and a plethora of external influences. Therefore, the production process of an herbal medicinal product needs to be strictly monitored. First of all, the starting materials need to be correctly authenticated and free of adulterants and contaminants. During plant growth, many factors like harvest season and time, developmental stage, temperature, and humidity have a strong impact on plant metabolite production. Also, postharvest processing steps like drying and storage can significantly alter the phytochemical composition of herbal material. As the production of many phytopharmaceuticals includes an extraction step, the extraction solvent and conditions need to be optimized in order to enrich the bioactive constituents in the extract. The quality of finished preparations needs to be determined either on the basis of marker constituents or on the basis of analytical fingerprints. Thus, all production stages should be accompanied by appropriate quality assessment measures. Depending on the particular task, different methods need to be applied, ranging from macroscopic, microscopic, and DNA-based authentication methods to spectroscopic methods like vibrational spectroscopy and chromatographic and hyphenated methods like HPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS. Also, when performing pharmacological and toxicological studies, many features inherent in herbal medicinal products need to be considered in order to guarantee valid results: concerning in vitro studies, difficulties are often related to lacking knowledge of ADME characteristics of the bioactive constituents, nuisance compounds producing false positive and false negative results, and solubility problems. In in vivo animal studies, the route of administration is a very important issue. Clinical trials on herbal medicinal products in humans very often suffer from a poor reporting quality. This often hampers or precludes the pooling of clinical data for systematic reviews. In order to overcome this problem, appropriate documentation standards for clinical trials on herbal medicinal products have been defined in an extension of the CONSORT checklist. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Botanicals for Epilepsy".
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73
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Zhang Z, Bo T, Bai Y, Ye M, An R, Cheng F, Liu H. Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a powerful tool for demystifying traditional Chinese medicine. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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74
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Si W, Yang W, Guo D, Wu J, Zhang J, Qiu S, Yao C, Cui Y, Wu W. Selective ion monitoring of quinochalcone C-glycoside markers for the simultaneous identification of Carthamus tinctorius L. in eleven Chinese patent medicines by UHPLC/QTOF MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 117:510-21. [PMID: 26476296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Current China Pharmacopoeia standards for the Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) that contain one or several the same drug(s) employ case-dependent TLC or HPLC approaches to achieve qualitative identification. A qualitative "monomethod-heterotrait matrix" (MHM) strategy is thus proposed, by selective monitoring of multi-biomarkers, to achieve the identification of different CPMs. Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower) is a reputable gynecological herbal medicine containing characteristic quinochalcone C-glycosides (QCGs) as the major bioactive components. Qualitative identification of safflower in diverse CPMs by selective monitoring of QCG markers was performed by use of the MHM strategy. Initially, 27 QCG analogs (involving 16 potentially new ones) were selectively characterized by product ion filtering (m/z 119.05) and integrated analysis of the negative mode MS(E) and Fast DDA data obtained on a UHPLC/QTOF mass spectrometer. Subsequently, by fingerprint analysis of 20 batches of safflower samples followed by a thermostable test, six QCGs (hydroxysafflor yellow A and its two isomers, anhydrosafflor yellow B, safflomin C, and isosafflomin C) were selected as the biomarkers for safflower. Then, a highly specific selective ion monitoring (SIM) method by recording centroided data was developed and applied to selectively profile six QCG biomarkers from 28 batches of CPM samples collected from versatile vendors. By reference to a standard SIM spectrum established using a home-made safflower reference extract, simultaneous identification of safflower in eleven different CPMs was accomplished with the unified sample preparation and a single UHPLC/QTOF-SIM method. The qualitative MHM strategy represents the novel methodology that facilitates the quality control of CPMs more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Si
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Road 1200, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dean Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yajun Cui
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Road 1200, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China.
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75
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Li WL, Sun XM, Song H, Ding JX, Bai J, Chen Q. HPLC/Q-TOF-MS-Based Identification of Absorbed Constituents and Their Metabolites in Rat Serum and Urine after Oral Administration ofCistanche deserticolaExtract. J Food Sci 2015; 80:H2079-87. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lan Li
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences; Harbin Univ. of Commerce; Harbin 150076 China
- College of Pharmacy; Harbin Univ. of Commerce; Harbin 150076 China
| | - Xiang-Ming Sun
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences; Harbin Univ. of Commerce; Harbin 150076 China
| | - Hui Song
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences; Harbin Univ. of Commerce; Harbin 150076 China
| | - Jing-Xin Ding
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences; Harbin Univ. of Commerce; Harbin 150076 China
| | - Jing Bai
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences; Harbin Univ. of Commerce; Harbin 150076 China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences; Harbin Univ. of Commerce; Harbin 150076 China
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76
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Raditic DM. Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Lower Urinary Tract Diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2015; 45:857-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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77
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da Silva LAL, Faqueti LG, Reginatto FH, dos Santos ADC, Barison A, Biavatti MW. Phytochemical analysis of Vernonanthura tweedieana and a validated UPLC-PDA method for the quantification of eriodictyol. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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78
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Li K, Fan Y, Wang H, Fu Q, Jin Y, Liang X. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of an alkaloid fraction from Piper longum L. using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 109:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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79
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High-speed homogenization coupled with microwave-assisted extraction followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the direct determination of alkaloids and flavonoids in fresh Isatis tinctoria L. hairy root cultures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:4841-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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80
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Wu M, Zhang H, Zhou C, Jia H, Ma Z, Zou Z. Identification of the chemical constituents in aqueous extract of Zhi-Qiao and evaluation of its antidepressant effect. Molecules 2015; 20:6925-40. [PMID: 25913931 PMCID: PMC6272419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The immature fruit of Citrus aurantium L. (Zhi-Qiao, ZQ) has been used as a traditional medicine in China. Our previous study has shown that ZQ decoction may contribute to the antidepressant-like action of Chaihu-Shu-Gan-San. However, there are no reports on the chemical constituents of ZQ aqueous extract or its anti-depression effects. Firstly, this research reported the on-line identification of the chemical constituents in the aqueous extract of ZQ by coupling ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). A total of 31 chemical constituents were identified in ZQ aqueous extract, including one tannic acid, five flavones, 13 flavanones, one limonoid, three coumarins, three cyclic peptides, and five polymethoxylated flavonoids. The antidepressant effect of ZQ aqueous extract was evaluated in vivo and the results indicated that the mice immobility time during the forced swimming test and the tail suspension test were significantly reduced with ZQ treatment. MTT assays showed both ZQ aqueous extract and its major constituents (naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and nobiletin) had neuroprotective effect on corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. The in vivo and in vitro results suggest that ZQ has an antidepressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hongwu Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chao Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Zhongmei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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81
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Wolfender JL, Marti G, Thomas A, Bertrand S. Current approaches and challenges for the metabolite profiling of complex natural extracts. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:136-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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82
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Costa FDN, Jerz G, Figueiredo FDS, Winterhalter P, Leitão GG. Solvent system selectivities in countercurrent chromatography using Salicornia gaudichaudiana metabolites as practical example with off-line electrospray mass-spectrometry injection profiling. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1385:20-7. [PMID: 25678318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For the development of an efficient two-stage isolation process for high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) with focus on principal metabolites from the ethyl acetate extract of the halophyte plant Salicornia gaudichaudiana, separation selectivities of two different biphasic solvent systems with similar polarities were evaluated using the elution and extrusion approach. Efficiency in isolation of target compounds is determined by the solvent system selectivity and their chronological use in multiple separation steps. The system n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (0.5:6:0.5:6, v/v/v/v) resulted in a comprehensive separation of polyphenolic glycosides. The system n-hexane-n-butanol-water (1:1:2, v/v/v) was less universal but was highly efficient in the fractionation of positional isomers such as di-substituted cinnamic acid quinic acid derivatives. Multiple metabolite detection performed on recovered HSCCC tube fractions was done with rapid mass-spectrometry profiling by sequential off-line injections to electrospray mass-spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Selective ion traces of metabolites delivered reconstituted preparative HSCCC runs. Molecular weight distribution of target compounds in single HSCCC tube fractions and MS/MS fragment data were available. Chromatographic areas with strong co-elution effects and fractions of pure recoverable compounds were visualized. In total 11 metabolites have been identified and monitored. Result of this approach was a fast isolation protocol for S. gaudichaudiana metabolites using two solvent systems in a strategic sequence. The process could easily be scaled-up to larger lab-scale or industrial recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda das Neves Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Gerold Jerz
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fabiana de Souza Figueiredo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gilda Guimarães Leitão
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
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83
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Jiao J, Gai QY, Luo M, Peng X, Zhao CJ, Fu YJ, Ma W. Direct determination of astragalosides and isoflavonoids from fresh Astragalus membranaceus hairy root cultures by high speed homogenization coupled with cavitation-accelerated extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04291g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HSH-CAE-LC-MS/MS opened up a new avenue for the direct determination of secondary metabolic profiles from fresh plant in vitro cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yan Gai
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical
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84
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Silva DB, Lopes NP. MALDI-MS of flavonoids: a systematic investigation of ionization and in-source dissociation mechanisms. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:182-190. [PMID: 25601691 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a technique widely employed in the analysis of proteins and peptides, and nowadays it has also been applied to small molecules. There is little significant information regarding the in-source dissociation processes on MALDI for natural products. Twenty-six flavonoids (flavanones, flavones and flavonols) were analyzed by MALDI using different methods (with different matrices) and without matrix to comprehend the in-source reactions and establish good analysis methods for these compounds. Depending on the class, structure and the laser intensity applied, methoxylated flavonoid aglycones can eliminate methyl radicals (˙CH3) in the source, such as flavonols, but lithium 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate matrix suppresses the ˙CH3 eliminations and retro-Diels-Alder cleavages in the source. All of the flavonoid O-glycosides evaluated herein eliminated the sugar in source, even in the presence of the matrix, and its product radical ions ([M-H-sugar](-)˙) were observed in the negative mode. The flavone C-glycosides suffered intense dissociation, which was reduced by the addition of a matrix and the application of low laser intensity, mainly in the negative mode. Depending on the hydroxyl substituents, the [M-H-H](-)˙ ion was observed with variable relative intensity in the spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise B Silva
- Núcleo Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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85
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Li W, Sun X, Xu Y, Wang X, Bai J, Ji Y. Multi-analysis strategy for metabolism ofAndrographis paniculatain rat using liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:1016-26. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Li
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences; Harbin University of Commerce; Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs; Ministry of Education; Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangming Sun
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences; Harbin University of Commerce; Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs; Ministry of Education; Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences; Harbin University of Commerce; Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs; Ministry of Education; Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences; Harbin University of Commerce; Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs; Ministry of Education; Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bai
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences; Harbin University of Commerce; Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs; Ministry of Education; Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Ji
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences; Harbin University of Commerce; Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs; Ministry of Education; Harbin 150076 People's Republic of China
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86
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Chemical fingerprint and metabolic profile analysis of Citrus reticulate ‘Chachi’ decoction by HPLC-PDA-IT-MSn and HPLC-Quadrupole-Orbitrap-MS method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 970:108-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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87
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HPLC-UV-MS Profiles of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Fruits from Three Citrus Species Consumed in Northern Chile. Molecules 2014; 19:17400-21. [PMID: 25356563 PMCID: PMC6271594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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88
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Mncwangi NP, Viljoen AM, Zhao J, Vermaak I, Chen W, Khan I. What the devil is in your phytomedicine? Exploring species substitution in Harpagophytum through chemometric modeling of 1H-NMR and UHPLC-MS datasets. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 106:104-115. [PMID: 25041697 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Harpagophytum procumbens (Pedaliaceae) and its close taxonomical ally Harpagophytum zeyheri, indigenous to southern Africa, are being harvested for exportation to Europe where phytomedicines are developed to treat inflammation-related disorders. The phytochemical variation within and between natural populations of H. procumbens (n=241) and H. zeyheri (n=107) was explored using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) in combination with multivariate data analysis methods. The UHPLC-MS results revealed significant variation in the harpagoside content: H. procumbens (0.17-4.37%); H. zeyheri (0.00-3.07%). Only 41% of the H. procumbens samples and 17% of the H. zeyheri samples met the pharmacopoeial specification of ⩾1.2%. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) indicated separation based on species (UHPLC-MS data OPLS-DA model statistics: R(2)X=0.258, R(2)Y (cum)=0.957 and Q(2)(cum)=0.934; (1)H-NMR data OPLS-DA model statistics: R(2)X=0.830, R(2)Y=0.865 (cum) and Q(2)(cum)=0.829). It was concluded that two species are not chemically equivalent and should not be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontobeko P Mncwangi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Alvaro M Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ilze Vermaak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Ikhlas Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
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89
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Zhu FX, Wang JJ, Li XF, Sun E, Jia XB. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major constituents in traditional Chinese medicine Danmu injection using LC-ESI-MS(n) and LC-DAD. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:254-64. [PMID: 25210312 PMCID: PMC4159918 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.137365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Danmu injection, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation made from Nauclea officinalis, has been commonly used for the treatment of cold, fever, swelling of throat in China. However, the chemical constituents in Danmu injection have not been clarified yet. Objective: a HPLC/DAD/ESI-MSn method was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the components in Danmu injection. Materials and Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on a Welch Material XB-C18 (4.6mm × 250mm, 5μm) using gradient elution with acetonitrile (A) and water containing 0.1% formic acid (B) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Results: Twenty-five compounds, including phenolic acid and phenol glycoside, iridous glycoside and glycoalkaloid were identified or tentatively deduced on the base of their retention behaviors, UV absorption, MS and MSn data with those elucidated references or literature. In addition, eleven compounds were simultaneously determined by HPLC–DAD, which was validated and successfully applied for determination of major components in Danmu injection. Conclusion: The results suggested that the established qualitative and quantitative method would be a powerful and reliable analytical tool for the characterization of multi-constituent in complex chemical system and quality control of Danmu injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Xia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Feng Li
- Engineering Centers for Li Nationality Medicine, Hainan Pharmaceutical Factory, Co., Ltd, Wuzhishan 572200, P.R. China
| | - E Sun
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bin Jia
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
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90
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Huang H, Liu M, Chen P. RECENT ADVANCES IN ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE. ANAL LETT 2014; 47:1835-1851. [PMID: 25045170 DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.888727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases for thousands of years in China. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) is a relatively new technique offering new possibilities. This paper reviews recent developments in UHPLC in the separation and identification, fingerprinting, quantification, and metabolism of traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, the combination of UHPLC with MS has improved the efficiency of the analysis of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330004, China ; Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, US
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, US
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91
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A metabolomic approach to determine the geographical origins of Anemarrhena asphodeloides by using UPLC–QTOF MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 92:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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92
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Riffault L, Destandau E, Pasquier L, André P, Elfakir C. Phytochemical analysis of Rosa hybrida cv. 'Jardin de Granville' by HPTLC, HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-HRMS: polyphenolic fingerprints of six plant organs. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 99:127-34. [PMID: 24461781 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Rosa hybrida cultivar 'Jardin de Granville', a delicate clear pink flower, is here investigated through a progressive analytical strategy using complementary phytochemical screening methods in order to characterize the polyphenol content of several parts of the plant. The microwave hydro-ethanolic extract analysis of six different parts of the plant, carried out by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) enabled initial identification of the polar molecular families present in each organ, namely tannins and flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol derivatives). The HPLC fingerprints displayed different profiles for each organ, attesting to the original composition and potential valuation of the different plant parts. More detailed analyses of the extracts were then carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry with a Q-TOF analyzer (ESI-HR-Q-TOF). Around 60 compounds were identified, mainly gallo-tannins, ellagi-tannins, catechin derivatives and glycoside derivatives of quercetin and kaempferol. Some compounds such as hyperoside or ellagic acid appeared to be ubiquitous and were found in abundance in each plant part. Woods were the richest organ in catechin and proanthocyanidin derivatives while kaempferol derivatives were more numerous and abundant in bud and flower parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Riffault
- Université d'Orléans, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR 7311, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France; LVMH recherche, département Innovation Ethnobotanique, 185 avenue de Verdun, 45800 Saint-Jean-de-Braye, France
| | - Emilie Destandau
- Université d'Orléans, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR 7311, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France.
| | - Laure Pasquier
- LVMH recherche, département Innovation Ethnobotanique, 185 avenue de Verdun, 45800 Saint-Jean-de-Braye, France
| | - Patrice André
- LVMH recherche, département Innovation Ethnobotanique, 185 avenue de Verdun, 45800 Saint-Jean-de-Braye, France
| | - Claire Elfakir
- Université d'Orléans, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR 7311, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
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93
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Zhao H, Wu X, Wang H, Gao B, Yang J, Si N, Bian B. DETERMINATION OF EIGHT BUFADIENOLIDES IN THE SKIN OF BUFO BUFO GARGARIZANS CANTOR AND BUFO MELANOSTICTUS SCHNEIDER USING HPLC COUPLED WITH TRIPLE QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETRY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.778636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Zhao
- a Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xu Wu
- a Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- a Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Bo Gao
- b Anhui Jinchan Biochemistry Company Ltd. , Huaibei City , Anhui Province , China
| | - Jian Yang
- a Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Nan Si
- a Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Baolin Bian
- a Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
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94
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Fraser K, Harrison SJ, Lane GA, Otter DE, Hemar Y, Quek SY, Rasmussen S. Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Metabolites in Tea Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:924-37. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.619670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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95
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Bhardwaj C, Hanley L. Ion sources for mass spectrometric identification and imaging of molecular species. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:756-67. [PMID: 24473154 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 The ability to transfer molecular species to the gas phase and ionize them is central to the study of natural products and other molecular species by mass spectrometry (MS). MS-based strategies in natural products have focused on a few established ion sources, such as electron impact and electrospray ionization. However, a variety of other ion sources are either currently in use to evaluate natural products or show significant future promise. This review discusses these various ion sources in the context of other articles in this special issue, but is also applicable to other fields of analysis, including materials science. Ion sources are grouped based on the current understanding of their predominant ion formation mechanisms. This broad overview groups ion sources into the following categories: electron ionization and single photon ionization; chemical ionization-like and plasma-based; electrospray ionization; and, laser desorption-based. Laser desorption-based methods are emphasized with specific examples given for laser desorption postionization sources and their use in the analysis of intact microbial biofilms. Brief consideration is given to the choice of ion source for various sample types and analyses, including MS imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, mc 111, Chicago, IL 60607-7061.
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96
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Arceusz A, Wesolowski M, Konieczynski P. Methods for Extraction and Determination of Phenolic Acids in Medicinal Plants: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids constitute a group of potentially immunostimulating compounds. They occur in all medicinal plants and are widely used in phytotherapy and foods of plant origin. In recent years, phenolic acids have attracted much interest owing to their biological functions. This paper reviews the extraction and determination methods of phenolic acids in medicinal plants over the last 10 years. Although Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) are commonly used for the extraction of phenolic acids from plant materials, alternative techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) can also be used. After extraction, phenolic acids are determined usually by liquid chromatography (LC) owing to the recent developments in this technique, especially when it is coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Also detection systems are discussed, including UV-Vis, diode array, electrochemical and fluorimetric. Other popular techniques for the analysis of this group of secondary metabolites are gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Arceusz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Wesolowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pawel Konieczynski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
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97
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The latest developments and applications of mass spectrometry in food-safety and quality analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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98
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Wang DD, Liang J, Yang WZ, Hou JJ, Yang M, Da J, Wang Y, Jiang BH, Liu X, Wu WY, Guo DA. HPLC/qTOF-MS-oriented characteristic components data set and chemometric analysis for the holistic quality control of complex TCM preparations: Niuhuang Shangqing pill as an example. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 89:130-41. [PMID: 24284229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The quality control of Da-Fu-Fang (DFF), referring to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations comprising more than 10 TCMs, is challenging due to their extreme chemical complexity. In this study, a strategy is proposed for the holistic quality control of DFFs based on HPLC/qTOF-MS-oriented characteristic components data set (CCDS) and chemometric analysis. Niuhuang Shangqing pill (NHSQP), composed of 19 TCMs, is used to illustrate this strategy. The fingerprint profiling of NHSQP by HPLC/qTOF-MS resulted in the characterization of 190 compounds, comprising 47 unambiguously identified by reference standard comparison. A CCDS containing 60 characteristic components was constructed by analyzing the MS spectral differentiation of the crude drugs, a laboratory-made NHSQP powder, and negative control preparations. With the established CCDS, it was possible to simultaneously monitor 16 out of the 19 drugs involved in NHSQP. Subsequently, 26 NHSQP samples from different vendors were evaluated by the qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of their LC/MS fingerprint data. The 60 characteristic components were detected in all of the NHSQP samples, which demonstrated their authenticity. When compared with the standard sample No. 3, however, 15 of the NHSQP samples exhibited inferior quality. Samples No. 21 and No. 13 differed significantly based on a PCA score plot, and the components responsible for the differentiation were confirmed to originate from different TCMs. This strategy is a powerful and easy method to implement and provides a potential approach to establishing the holistic quality control of complex TCM preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-dan Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wen-zhi Yang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jin-jun Hou
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Yang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Juan Da
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Agilent Technologies Inc., Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Bao-hong Jiang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wan-ying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - De-an Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road 501, Shanghai 201203, China.
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