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A preclinical randomized controlled study of ischemia treated with Ginkgo biloba extracts: Are complex components beneficial for treating acute stroke? Curr Res Transl Med 2020; 68:197-203. [PMID: 32814684 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The rigorous design of preclinical experimental studies of candidate neuroprotectants for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke is crucial for the success of subsequent randomized clinical trials. The efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBEs) in complex mixtures for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke remains unclear. In this preclinical randomized controlled trail (pRCT), the effects of a novel (n)GBE containing pinitol versus traditional (t)GBE without pinitol were evaluated on the mouse models of acute transient and permanent stroke, separately. The sample size, an important aspect of study design, was calculated based on our experimental data. Mice with ischemia that were induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) or permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pdMCAO), were treated with vehicle, nGBE, tGBE, or pinitol alone by tail-vein injection. Our results showed that nGBE significantly reduced infarct size in mice with tMCAO compared with vehicle-treated control mice. Both nGBE and tGBE significantly reduced infarct size in mice with pdMCAO compared with the vehicle-treated controls. None of the three treatments rescued weight loss or prevented the neurological deficits in either the tMCAO- or pdMCAO-model mice. These findings suggest that nGBE, which includes all of the components of tGBE and pinitol, is neuroprotective in two ischemic stroke models. Additional studies of complex GBE mixtures for stroke treatment compared to single component medications are undergoing evaluation.
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Impact of Deep Eutectic Solvents on Extraction of Polyphenols from Grape Seeds and Skin. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, research efforts have focused on plant exploitation for deriving some valuable compounds. Extraction has been usually performed using petrochemical and volatile organic solvents, but nowadays, increased recognition of environmental pollution has prompted the utilization of green solvents as alternatives. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to exploit deep eutectic solvents (DES) (choline chloride: citric acid and choline chloride: glucose) as solvents for extracting valuable phenolic antioxidants from grapes. Investigation was conducted on ten grape varieties, observing seeds and skin as different matrix. Total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric microassay. Antioxidant activity was investigated using four different tests and results were combined in a unique Antioxidant Composite Index (ACI) to reveal comprehensive information about this biological activity. Polyphenol compounds were identified and quantified with the aim of HPLC-diode array detector (DAD). Overall results support that DES (particularly choline chloride: citric acid) were comparable to conventional solvent, and in most cases even outperformed acidified aqueous ethanol (concerning extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity). Regardless of varietal distinctions, grape seeds have higher antioxidant capacity compared to grape skin, and such findings are according to their phenol compound concentrations.
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Ling JKU, Chan YS, Nandong J. Extraction of antioxidant compounds from the wastes of Mangifera pajang fruit: a comparative study using aqueous ethanol and deep eutectic solvent. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-3153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Panzella L, Moccia F, Nasti R, Marzorati S, Verotta L, Napolitano A. Bioactive Phenolic Compounds From Agri-Food Wastes: An Update on Green and Sustainable Extraction Methodologies. Front Nutr 2020; 7:60. [PMID: 32457916 PMCID: PMC7221145 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are broadly represented in plant kingdom, and their occurrence in easily accessible low-cost sources like wastes from agri-food processing have led in the last decade to an increase of interest in their recovery and further exploitation. Indeed, most of these compounds are endowed with beneficial properties to human health (e.g., in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases), that may be largely ascribed to their potent antioxidant and scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species generated in settings of oxidative stress and responsible for the onset of several inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Apart from their use as food supplements or as additives in functional foods, natural phenolic compounds have become increasingly attractive also from a technological point of view, due to their possible exploitation in materials science. Several extraction methodologies have been reported for the recovery of phenolic compounds from agri-food wastes mostly based on the use of organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, or acetone. However, there is an increasing need for green and sustainable approaches leading to phenolic-rich extracts with low environmental impact. This review addresses the most promising and innovative methodologies for the recovery of functional phenolic compounds from waste materials that have appeared in the recent literature. In particular, extraction procedures based on the use of green technologies (supercritical fluid, microwaves, ultrasounds) as well as of green solvents such as deep eutectic solvents (DES) are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Moccia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Nasti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzorati
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisella Verotta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Wang Y, Peng B, Zhao J, Wang M, Zhao L. Efficient extraction and determination of prenylflavonol glycosides in Epimedium pubescens Maxim. using deep eutectic solvents. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:375-383. [PMID: 31773856 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Epimedium herb, Yinyanghuo in Chinese, is a famous Chinese herbal medicine. In this study, an efficient extraction method was developed for the extraction of major bioactive constituent epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C and icariin from E. pubescens Maxim. using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). METHODOLOGY A series of choline chloride-based DESs were synthesised for the extraction of four target compounds. DES composed of lactic acid and choline chloride with the ratio of 2:1 was selected as the most promising. Three vital factors affecting the extraction yields including water content, volume of DES aqueous solution and extraction time were optimised systematically by Box-Behnken experimental design in combination with response surface methodology. A high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method was developed for the sensitive and accurate quantification. RESULTS The optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follows: water content of 17.5% (v/v), volume of DES aqueous solution 3.14 ml, and extraction time of 21 min. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the developed DES method could supply almost the same extraction yield as 50% ethanol, which were 98%, 99%, 97%, 96% for epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C and icariin, respectively. CONCLUSION The present study exhibited high efficiency in extraction of prenylflavonol glycosides in E. pubescens Maxim. Thus, DESs could be used as an alternative for efficient extraction and quantification of biologically active components from natural medical plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Bin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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A green and integrated strategy for enhanced phenolic compounds extraction from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves by deep eutectic solvent. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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57
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Altunay N, Elik A, Gürkan R. Preparation and application of alcohol based deep eutectic solvents for extraction of curcumin in food samples prior to its spectrophotometric determination. Food Chem 2020; 310:125933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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58
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Mixing of menthol-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents as a novel method to tune their properties. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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59
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Li Y, Pan Z, Wang B, Yu W, Song S, Feng H, Zhao W, Zhang J. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive alkaloids from Phellodendri amurensis cortex using deep eutectic solvent aqueous solutions. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00877j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ChCl/citric acid-based DESs are demonstrated to be effective green solvents for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive alkaloids from herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics
| | - Zuchen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics
| | - Binshen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics
| | - Wen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics
| | - Siwei Song
- Research Center of Energetic Material Genome Science
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Huanhuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics
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He T, Zhou T, Wan Y, Tan T. A Simple Strategy Based on Deep Eutectic Solvent for Determination of Aflatoxins in Rice Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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61
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Kalhor P, Ghandi K. Deep Eutectic Solvents for Pretreatment, Extraction, and Catalysis of Biomass and Food Waste. Molecules 2019; 24:E4012. [PMID: 31698717 PMCID: PMC6891572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass and food residues to obtain valuable chemicals is essential to the establishment of a sustainable and biobased economy in the modern world. The latest and greenest generation of ionic liquids (ILs) are deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs); these have shown great promise for various applications and have attracted considerable attention from researchers who seek versatile solvents with pretreatment, extraction, and catalysis capabilities in biomass- and biowaste-to-bioenergy conversion processes. The present work aimed to review the use of DESs and NADESs in the valorization of biomass and biowaste as pretreatment or extraction solvents or catalysis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Kalhor
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Khashayar Ghandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Cai C, Li F, Liu L, Tan Z. Deep eutectic solvents used as the green media for the efficient extraction of caffeine from Chinese dark tea. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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63
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Wang XH, Wang JP. Effective extraction with deep eutectic solvents and enrichment by macroporous adsorption resin of flavonoids from Carthamus tinctorius L. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 176:112804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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64
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Improvement of the Quality of Ginkgo biloba Leaves Fermented by Eurotium cristatum as High Value-Added Feed. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7090627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba leaves are well known for their high content of nutrients and bioactive substances. However, unpleasant smell and a small number of ginkgolic acids greatly reduce the utilization of the leaves. In this work, solid-state fermentation of G. biloba leaves using Eurotium cristatum was studied by investigation of the nutrient changes and its feasibility as a functional feed. E. cristatum could grow on pure G. biloba leaves and the addition of excipients could significantly improve the growth of E. cristatum. The optimal medium was with 10% (w/w) of whole G. biloba seeds and the optimized water content, pH, inoculum size and fermentation time were 45% (w/w), 4.5, 4.76 × 107 CFU/100 g wet medium, and eight days, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the spore number increased by about 40 times. The content of flavonoids was greatly increased by 118.6%, and the protein and polyprenyl acetates (PPAs) were increased by 64.9% and 10.6%, respectively. The ginkgolic acids, lignin, and cellulose were decreased by 52.4%, 38.5%, and 20.1% than before, respectively. Furthermore, the fermented G. biloba leaves showed higher antioxidant activity and held more aroma substances. Thus, G. biloba leaves fermented by E. cristatum have potential as s high value-added feed. This is the first investigation of E. cristatum fermentation on ginkgo leaves, which will facilitate the use of ginkgo leaves in the feed industry.
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65
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Gao Z, Li X, Shi L, Yang Y. Deep eutectic solvents-derived carbon dots for detection of mercury (II), photocatalytic antifungal activity and fluorescent labeling for C. albicans. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 220:117080. [PMID: 31150924 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel nitrogen and chloride co-doped carbon dots (N/Cl-CDs) based choline chloride-urea deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method with high quantum yield of 37% and excellent photoluminescent properties. This N/Cl-CDs fluorescent probe had been successfully applied to sensitively and selectively detect the concentration of Hg2+ with a linear range of 0.2-40 μM and a detection limit of 0.05 μM. Moreover, the N/Cl-CDs displayed a strong photocatalytic antifungal activity against C. albicans and their photoinduced antifungal functions were evaluated under conditions of varying other experimental parameters. The antifungal efficiency of N/Cl-CDs (7 mg/mL) against C. albicans is upon 100% when extending the visible light irradiation time to 80 min. In addition, the excellent luminescence properties of N/Cl-CDs can also label C. albicans and displayed multicolour fluorescence imaging at different excitation wavelengths. Based on their functions of fluorescence probe, antifungal and fluorescence imaging, N/Cl-CDs would provide potentials for a wide range of applications in the detection and microbe in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Longyan Shi
- Yunnan Jianniu Bio Technology Co., Ltd, Kunming 650033, China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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66
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Benvenutti L, Zielinski AAF, Ferreira SRS. Which is the best food emerging solvent: IL, DES or NADES? Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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67
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Anggraini T, Wilma S, Syukri D, Azima F. Total Phenolic, Anthocyanin, Catechins, DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity, and Toxicity of Lepisanthes alata (Blume) Leenh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2019; 2019:9703176. [PMID: 31275958 PMCID: PMC6582855 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9703176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins and catechin are natural antioxidants presented in many plants. Lepisanthes alata (Blume) Leenh is a plant with fruit that ripens to an intense red. This coloring suggests a high polyphenol content. However, limited information is available regarding the polyphenol or other antioxidant content in this fruit or its suitability as a food additive. The purpose of this research was to determine the total phenolic, total monomeric anthocyanin, catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and toxicity in rind, flesh, seed, and whole fruit of L. alata. This research was conducted using an exploratory method with four analyses; samples from six parts of the plant were analyzed for polyphenols (rind, fruit pulp, seeds, whole fruit, bark, and leaves), four for anthocyanins (rind, fruit pulp, seeds, and whole fruit), and six parts of the plant for DPPH radical scavenging activity in water, methanol, and ethanol (rind, fruit pulp, seeds, whole fruit, bark, and leaves) and toxicity. This plant was found to contain high levels of polyphenol; the lowest level was measured in the flesh (0.64 mg GAE/g of DW) and the highest in the whole fruit (2.87 mg GAE/g of DW). The lowest anthocyanin content is found in the flesh and the highest in the rind with the respective average values of 672.27 mg/100 g FW and 1462.82 mg/100 g FW. Epicatechin is the major catechin in whole fruit and bark of L. alata. L. alata DPPH radical scavenging activity was in the range of 21.23 to 92.5% depending on the solvent, and the highest activity was recorded in bark in ethanol extract. No toxins were found in any part of the plant indicating that an extract from it could be safely used as a natural antioxidant supplement in processed foods to protect against free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuty Anggraini
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - Syafni Wilma
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - Daimon Syukri
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - Fauzan Azima
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
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Huang J, Guo X, Xu T, Fan L, Zhou X, Wu S. Ionic deep eutectic solvents for the extraction and separation of natural products. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1598:1-19. [PMID: 31005289 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Room ionic liquids (ILs) used as green solvents have received considerable attention and wide application in different research and industrial fields, such as chemistry, biology, catalysis, energy, and even environmental sciences. Recently, a new class of sustainable solvents named deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been developed, which share the promising solvent characteristics of ILs, such as thermal and chemical stability, low vapor pressure and design ability. In addition, the major advantages of DESs over ILs are their lower prices and easier preparation. Therefore, DESs have been considered to be a potential alternative to replace conventional organic solvents and ILs. Currently, the developed DESs may be classified into ionic and nonionic liquids. Typically, choline chloride (ChCl)/urea (1:2) is an ionic DES, while glucose/sucrose (1:1) is a nonionic DES. Although several reviews have covered advancements in DESs, in this review, we aim to provide a general insight into DESs, particularly ionic DESs, like choline-based DES, in terms of their preparation and application in the extraction of natural products (NPs) mainly from traditional Chinese medicines and the recovery of extracted compounds from their extracts. Additionally, various factors affecting the extraction efficiency of DESs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Xiuyun Guo
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Tianyi Xu
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Lanyan Fan
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Xinpeng Zhou
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Shihua Wu
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China.
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Wang H, Ma X, Cheng Q, Wang L, Zhang L. Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ultrahigh Pressure Extraction of Baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Molecules 2018; 23:E3233. [PMID: 30544548 PMCID: PMC6321484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), promising green solvents, and ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE) as an effective auxiliary extraction method, have attracted wide attention. In this study, DES was coupled with UPE to efficiently extract baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. First, choline chloride: lactic acid (ChCl-LA, molar ratio 1:1) was selected as the most appropriate DES by comparing the extraction yield of different DESs. Second, the extraction protocol was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) considering the impacts of ChCl-LA concentration, extraction pressure, extraction time and liquid-solid ratio on the extraction yield. Under the optimal condition (40 vol% water content, extraction pressure of 400 MPa, extraction time of 4 min and a liquid-solid ratio of 110 mL/g), a maximum yield of 116.8 mg/g was achieved, higher than that obtained by the traditional extraction method. The microstructure of the raw and extracted Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi samples according to scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that the dissolution of chemical components was enhanced from the disrupted root tissues after DESs-UPE. DESs coupled with UPE could effectively extract the baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi as a rapid and efficient extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Institute of Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Xiaodi Ma
- Institute of Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Qibin Cheng
- Institute of Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Institute of Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Natural deep eutectic solvents-mediated extractions: The way forward for sustainable analytical developments. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1038:1-10. [PMID: 30278889 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The concept of sustainable development has impacted in analytical chemistry changing the way of thinking processes and methods. It is important for analytical chemists to consider how sample preparation can integrate the basic concepts of Green Chemistry. In this sense, the replacement of traditional organic solvents is of utmost importance. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) have come to light as a green alternative. In the last few years, a growing number of contributions have applied these natural solvents proving their efficiency in terms of extraction ability, analyte stabilization capacity and detection compatibility. However, the arising question that has to be answered is: the use of NADES is enough to green an extraction process? This review presents an overview of knowledge regarding sustainability of NADES-based extraction procedures, focused on reported literature within the timeframe spanning from 2011 up to date. The contributions were analyzed from a green perspective in terms of energy, time, sample and solvent consumption. Moreover, we include a critical analysis to clarify whether the use of NADES as extraction media is enough for greening an analytical methodology; strategies to make them even greener are also presented. Finally, recent trends and future perspectives on how NADES-based extraction approaches in combination with computational methodologies can contribute are discussed.
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