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Gong S, Jin X, Xiao Y, Li Z. Ocean Acidification and Warming Lead to Increased Growth and Altered Chloroplast Morphology in the Thermo-Tolerant Alga Symbiochlorum hainanensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:585202. [PMID: 33281847 PMCID: PMC7705064 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.585202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and warming affect the growth and predominance of algae. However, the effects of ocean acidification and warming on the growth and gene transcription of thermo-tolerant algae are poorly understood. Here we determined the effects of elevated temperature (H) and acidification (A) on a recently discovered coral-associated thermo-tolerant alga Symbiochlorum hainanensis by culturing it under two temperature settings (26.0 and 32.0°C) crossed with two pH levels (8.16 and 7.81). The results showed that the growth of S. hainanensis was positively affected by H, A, and the combined treatment (AH). However, no superimposition effect of H and A on the growth of S. hainanensis was observed under AH. The analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence, pigment content, and subcellular morphology indicated that the chloroplast morphogenesis (enlargement) along with the increase of chlorophyll fluorescence and pigment content of S. hainanensis might be a universal mechanism for promoting the growth of S. hainanensis. Transcriptomic profiles revealed the effect of elevated temperature on the response of S. hainanensis to acidification involved in the down-regulation of photosynthesis- and carbohydrate metabolism-related genes but not the up-regulation of genes related to antioxidant and ubiquitination processes. Overall, this study firstly reports the growth, morphology, and molecular response of the thermo-tolerant alga S. hainanensis to future climate changes, suggesting the predominance of S. hainanensis in its associated corals and/or coral reefs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanqiang Gong
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Xiao
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyong Li,
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52
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Chu Y, Liu Y, Li J, Gong Q. Effects of elevated pCO 2 and nutrient enrichment on the growth, photosynthesis, and biochemical compositions of the brown alga Saccharina japonica (Laminariaceae, Phaeophyta). PeerJ 2019; 7:e8040. [PMID: 31799072 PMCID: PMC6884996 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification and eutrophication are two major environmental issues affecting kelp mariculture. In this study, the growth, photosynthesis, and biochemical compositions of adult sporophytes of Saccharina japonica were evaluated at different levels of pCO2 (400 and 800 µatm) and nutrients (nutrient-enriched and non-enriched seawater). The relative growth rate (RGR), net photosynthetic rate, and all tested biochemical contents (including chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl c, soluble carbohydrates, and soluble proteins) were significantly lower at 800 µatm than at 400 µatm pCO2. The RGR and the contents of Chl a and soluble proteins were significantly higher under nutrient-enriched conditions than under non-enriched conditions. Moreover, the negative effects of the elevated pCO2 level on the RGR, net photosynthetic rate, Chl c and the soluble carbohydrates and proteins contents were synergized by the elevated nutrient availability. These results implied that increased pCO2could suppress the growth and biochemical composition of adult sporophytes of S. japonica. The interactive effects of ocean acidification and eutrophication constitute a great threat to the cultivation of S. japonica due to growth inhibition and a reduction in quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Chu
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,The Key Laboroatory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,The Key Laboroatory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingli Gong
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,The Key Laboroatory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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53
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Li Y, Zheng M, Lin J, Zhou S, Sun T, Xu N. Darkness and low nighttime temperature modulate the growth and photosynthetic performance of Ulva prolifera under lower salinity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:85-91. [PMID: 31426228 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand how darkness/irradiance and low nighttime temperature might alter physiology of Ulva prolifera under lower salinity conditions, we analyzed the growth rates, water content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total soluble proteins (SPs) and carbohydrates content at the end of dark and light period under three temperature levels (25-25 °C treatment: 25 °C for day and night; 15-15 °C treatment: 15 °C for day and night; 25-15 °C treatment: 25 °C for day with 15 °C for night) and two salinity conditions (15, 25), meanwhile, the pigment content (chlorophyll a and b), chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic oxygen evolution also were determined during light phase. We found that the U. prolifera showed higher growth rate and SOD activity during dark phase at 25 °C, but this dark-induced increase could not be observed at 15 °C. The reasons for this increase varied, however, maybe not included water content and SPs for no significant difference in water content observed under all the treatments, as well as lower SPs content for dark period aside that at 15 °C and salinity 15. Compared to other two temperature treatments, the thalli grown at 25-15 °C showed higher growth rate and the photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate in light phase under salinity 15 conditions, although the maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) showed higher value under 25 °C treatment. These results indicate that the darkness and the lower nighttime temperature maybe responsible reason for the rapid growth of these green tide algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahe Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mingshan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - JiaJia Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shidan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Tiancheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Nianjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Yue F, Gao G, Ma J, Wu H, Li X, Xu J. Future CO 2-induced seawater acidification mediates the physiological performance of a green alga Ulva linza in different photoperiods. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7048. [PMID: 31198646 PMCID: PMC6555391 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoperiods have an important impact on macroalgae living in the intertidal zone. Ocean acidification also influences the physiology of macroalgae. However, little is known about the interaction between ocean acidification and photoperiod on macroalgae. In this study, a green alga Ulva linza was cultured under three different photoperiods (L: D = 8:16, 12:12, 16:8) and two different CO2 levels (LC, 400 ppm; HC, 1,000 ppm) to investigate their responses. The results showed that relative growth rate of U. linza increased with extended light periods under LC but decreased at HC when exposed to the longest light period of 16 h compared to 12 h. Higher CO2 levels enhanced the relative growth rate at a L: D of 8:16, had no effect at 12:12 but reduced RGR at 16:8. At LC, the L: D of 16:8 significantly stimulated maximum quantum yield (Yield). Higher CO2 levels enhanced Yield at L: D of 12:12 and 8:16, had negative effect at 16:8. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased with increasing light period. High CO2 levels did not affect respiration rate during shorter light periods but enhanced it at a light period of 16 h. Longer light periods had negative effects on Chl a and Chl b content, and high CO2 level also inhibited the synthesis of these pigments. Our data demonstrate the interactive effects of CO2 and photoperiod on the physiological characteristics of the green tide macroalga Ulva linza and indicate that future ocean acidification may hinder the stimulatory effect of long light periods on growth of Ulva species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Guang Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xinshu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, HuaiHai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
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55
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Gao G, Fu Q, Beardall J, Wu M, Xu J. Combination of ocean acidification and warming enhances the competitive advantage of Skeletonema costatum over a green tide alga, Ulva linza. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 85:101698. [PMID: 31810528 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Red tide and green tide are two common algal blooms that frequently occur in many areas in the global oceans. The algae causing red tide and green tide often interact with each other in costal ecosystems. However, little is known on how future CO2-induced ocean acidification combined with temperature variation would affect the interaction of red and green tides. In this study, we cultured the red tide alga Skeletonema costatum and the green tide alga Ulva linza under ambient (400 ppm) and future CO2 (1000 ppm) levels and three temperatures (12, 18, 24 °C) in both monoculture and coculture systems. Coculture did not affect the growth rate of U. linza but significantly decreased it for S. costatum. Elevated CO2 relieved the inhibitory effect of U. linza on the growth of S. costatum, particularly for higher temperatures. At elevated CO2, higher temperature increased the growth rate of S. costatum but reduced it for U. linza. Coculture with U. linza reduced the net photosynthetic rate of S. costatum, which was relieved by elevated CO2. This pattern was also found in Chl a content, indicating that U. linza may inhibit growth of S. costatum via harming pigment synthesis and thus photosynthesis. In monoculture, higher temperature did not affect respiration rate of S. costatum but increased it in U. linza. Coculture did not affect respiration of U. linza but stimulated it for S. costatum, which was a signal of responding to biotic and/abiotic stress. The increased growth of S. costatum at higher temperature and decreased inhibition of U. linza on S. costatum at elevated CO2 suggest that red tides may have more advantages over green tides in future warmer and CO2-enriched oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qianqian Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Min Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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56
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Wang W, Zhang G, Sun X, Zhang F, Zhang X. Temporal variability in zooplankton community in the western Yellow Sea and its possible links to green tides. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6641. [PMID: 30993036 PMCID: PMC6459317 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale macro-algal blooms of Ulva prolifera (also called green tides) have appeared each summer since 2008 in the western Yellow Sea. In this study, we investigated the temporal variability in zooplankton community in the western Yellow Sea and its possible links to green tides using data from a long-term plankton survey off the coast of Qingdao, China. Environmental conditions observed in the study area during the green tide period (GTP: June–August, 2008–2013) were compared to the non-green tide period (NGTP: June–August, 2005–2007), to support the contention that variations observed in zooplankton community may be attributed to the green tides, as opposed to natural climatic or environmental variations. Zooplankton assemblage structure observed during the GTP was then compared to the NGTP. Significant variations were detected both in zooplankton abundance and assemblage structure between the two defined periods. The abundance of zooplankton, mainly copepods, was significantly decreased during the GTP. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of copepods decreased by approximately 10% and that of gelatinous zooplankton, including appendicularians, chaetognaths, and medusae, almost doubled (ca. increased by 6.4%). The dominant species of meroplankton completely changed, specifically, polychaeta, and echinoderm larvae were more dominant than decapod and bivalve larvae. With regard to zooplankton size structure, the NGTP showed a higher size diversity with more small-sized organisms, while the GTP showed a lower size diversity in the community. According to general linear models, the interannual variation in summer zooplankton abundance was significantly correlated with green tides. These results indicate that the temporal changes in zooplankton community may have a close link to the green tides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Huangdao Sub-administration of Qingdao Meteorological Administration, Qingdao, China
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Zhang Y, He P, Li H, Li G, Liu J, Jiao F, Zhang J, Huo Y, Shi X, Su R, Ye N, Liu D, Yu R, Wang Z, Zhou M, Jiao N. Ulva prolifera green-tide outbreaks and their environmental impact in the Yellow Sea, China. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:825-838. [PMID: 34691936 PMCID: PMC8291432 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ulva prolifera green tides in the Yellow Sea, China, which have been occurring since 2007, are a serious environmental problem attracting worldwide attention. Despite extensive research, the outbreak mechanisms have not been fully understood. Comprehensive analysis of anthropogenic and natural biotic and abiotic factors reveals that human activities, regional physicochemical conditions and algal physiological characteristics as well as ocean warming and biological interactions (with microorganism or other macroalgae) are closely related to the occurrence of green tides. Dynamics of these factors and their interactions could explain why green tides suddenly occurred in 2007 and decreased abruptly in 2017. Moreover, the consequence of green tides is serious. The decay of macroalgal biomass could result in hypoxia and acidification, possibly induce red tide and even have a long-lasting impact on coastal carbon cycles and the ecosystem. Accordingly, corresponding countermeasures have been proposed in our study for future reference in ecosystem management strategies and sustainable development policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Fanglue Jiao
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuanzi Huo
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaoyong Shi
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100194, China
| | - Rongguo Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Naihao Ye
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Rencheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zongling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology and Environment, the First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Mingjiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
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Ma J, Wang W, Qu L, Liu X, Wang Z, Qiao S, Wu H, Gao G, Xu J. Differential Photosynthetic Response of a Green Tide Alga Ulva linza to Ultraviolet Radiation, Under Short- and Long-term Ocean Acidification Regimes. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:990-998. [PMID: 30636002 DOI: 10.1111/php.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both ocean acidification (OA) and solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation can bring about changes in macroalgal physiological performance. However, macroalgal responses to UV radiation when acclimatized to OA under different time scales are rare. Here, we investigate the response of Ulva linza, a green tide alga, to UV radiation in the form of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) or PAB (PAR+UVA+UVB) radiation. Radiation exposures were assessed following long-term (from spore to adult stage, 1 month) and short-term (adult stage, 1 week) OA treatments. Results showed that increased CO2 decreased the damage rate (k) and repair rate (r) of thalli grown under short-term OA conditions with PAB treatment, the ratio of r:k was not altered. Following long-term OA conditions, r was not affected, although k was increased in thalli following PAB treatment, resulting in a reduced ratio of r:k. The relative level of UV inhibition increased and UV-absorbing compounds decreased when algae were cultured under long-term OA conditions. The recovery rate of thalli was enhanced when grown under long-term OA after UV radiation treatment. These results show that blooming algae may be more sensitive to UV radiation in marine environments, but it can develop effective mechanisms to offset the negative effects, reflecting acclimation to long-term OA conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Liming Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Guang Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang, China
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Aires T, Muyzer G, Serrão EA, Engelen AH. Seaweed Loads Cause Stronger Bacterial Community Shifts in Coastal Lagoon Sediments Than Nutrient Loads. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3283. [PMID: 30687271 PMCID: PMC6333863 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The input of nutrients from anthropogenic sources is the leading cause of coastal eutrophication and is usually coupled with algal/seaweed blooms. Effects may be magnified in semi-enclosed systems, such as highly productive coastal lagoon ecosystems. Eutrophication and seaweed blooms can lead to ecosystem disruption. Previous studies have considered only one of these factors, disregarding possible interactive effects and the effect of the blooming species' identity on sediment bacterial communities. We tested the effect of experimental nutrient loading and two common blooming seaweeds (Ulva rigida and Gracilaria vermiculophylla) in coastal lagoon sediments, on the structure of bacterial communities (using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing) and corresponding putative functional potential (using PiCRUSt). At the Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) level, the addition of nutrients reduced bacterial community α-diversity and decreased the abundance of sulfate reducers (Desulfobacterales) compared to sulfur oxidizers/denitrifiers (Chromatiales and Campylobacterales), whereas this was not the case at the order level. Seaweed addition did not change bacterial α-diversity and the effect on community structure depended on the taxonomic level considered. The addition of Gracilaria increased the abundance of orders and OTUs involved in sulfate reduction and organic matter decomposition (Desulfobacterales, Bacteroidales, and Clostridiales, respectively), an effect which was also detected when only Ulva was added. Nutrients and the seaweeds combined only interacted for Ulva and nutrients, which increased known sulfide oxidizers and denitrifiers (order Campylobacterales). Seaweed enrichment affected putative functional profiles; a stronger increase of sulfur cycling KEGG pathways was assigned to nutrient-disturbed sediments, particularly with the seaweeds and especially Ulva. In contrast, nitrogen and sulfur cycle pathways showed a higher abundance of genes related to dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in Ulva+nutrients treatments. However, the other seaweed treatments increased the nitrogen fixation genes. Thiosulfate reduction, performed by sulfate-reducing bacteria, increased in seaweed treatments except when Ulva was combined with nutrients. In conclusion, the in situ addition of nutrients and the seaweeds to intertidal sediments affected the bacterial communities differently and independently. The predicted functional profile suggests a shift in relative abundances of putative pathways for nitrogen and sulfur cycles, in line with the taxonomic changes of the bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Aires
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gerard Muyzer
- Microbial Systems Ecology, Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ester A. Serrão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Aschwin H. Engelen
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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60
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Bermejo R, Heesch S, Mac Monagail M, O'Donnell M, Daly E, Wilkes RJ, Morrison L. Spatial and temporal variability of biomass and composition of green tides in Ireland. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 81:94-105. [PMID: 30638503 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although nutrient enrichment of estuarine and coastal waters is considered a key factor for the development of green tides, the extent, distribution, and species composition of blooms vary among systems of similar nutrient loading, which compromises our ability to predict these events based on information about nutrient status alone. Additional factors may play a role in the control and development of macroalgal blooms. The identification of relevant scales of variation is a necessary prerequisite before explanatory models can be proposed and tested. In this study spatial and temporal patterns of biomass distribution were assessed for two Ulva morphologies in two Irish estuaries heavily affected by green tides (wet biomass >1 kg m-2 during the peak bloom). Moreover, using genetic markers, the species composition of these green tides was assessed. Results revealed that these blooms were multi-specific, with Ulva prolifera, U. compressa and U.rigida the most frequent species. The species U. prolifera and U. compressa usually showed a tubular morphology, while U. rigida was mainly laminar. A seasonal succession common to both estuaries was also identified, with the bloom dominated by tubular species during spring and early summer, and co-dominated by tubular and laminar morphologies during late summer and autumn. Moreover, tubular and laminar morphologies exhibited different distribution patterns, with tubular morphologies varying at bigger spatial scales and higher biomass than the laminar. As tubular and laminar morphologies exhibited different distribution patterns, varying tubular morphologies along bigger spatial scales with higher biomass levels than the laminar. Considering that tubular morphologies were usually anchored to the sediment, while laminar Ulva were usually observed free-floating, these differences could explain a differential influence by water motion. An important annual and decadal variability in biomass levels of Ulva was observed, in the case of the Tolka estuary a noticeable increase over the last two decades. These findings should be considered for the development of management and monitoring strategies since the different habitat of laminar and tubular morphologies (anchored vs. free-floating) may play an important role in the balance of nutrients and biomass in the estuary, or determine the response to pollutant exposure. Furthermore, the presence of different species with different ecological requirements could favour the duration and extension of the bloom though temporal and spatial successions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Bermejo
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
| | - Svenja Heesch
- UMR 8227- Integrative Biology of Marine Models, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Michéal Mac Monagail
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Moya O'Donnell
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Eve Daly
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Robert J Wilkes
- Environmental Protection Agency, Castlebar, Co. Mayo, Ireland
| | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
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Zubia M, Depetris M, Flores O, Turquet J, Cuet P. Macroalgae as a tool for assessing the ecological status of coral reefs under the Water Framework Directive: A case study on the reef flats of La Réunion (Indian Ocean). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:339-351. [PMID: 30503442 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of macroalgae is required by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) to achieve good ecological status for coastal waters and specific questions arise for tropical ecosystems belonging to the outermost European regions. To assess the suitability of macroalgae as a biological quality indicator for La Réunion reef flats (France), we performed multivariate analyses linking the abundance and composition of macroalgae to water physico-chemistry. Three hydrological groups of stations were identified according to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations and DIN/PO4 ratios. Some indicator species were found at the N-enriched stations (Bryopsis pennata, Caulerpa lamourouxii, Chaetomoropha vieillardii, Derbesia sp., Blennothrix lyngbyacea, Sphacelaria tribuloides), and others at the non-impacted stations (Anabaena sp1, Blennothrix glutinosa, Codium arabicum, Neomeris vanbosseae). Another key result was the significant increase in red algal cover at the most N-enriched station. Our findings are discussed in the context of the application of the WFD in the outermost French regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayalen Zubia
- Université de Polynésie française, UMR-EIO, LabEx CORAIL, BP 6570, 98702 Faa'a, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
| | - Mathieu Depetris
- UMR 9190 MARBEC, IRD, Ifremer, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Station Ifremer, Avenue Jean Monnet, 34200 Sète, France
| | - Olivier Flores
- UMR PVBMT, Université de La Réunion, CIRAD, 7 chemin de l'IRAT, 97410, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Jean Turquet
- HYDROREUNION, c/o CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Pascale Cuet
- UMR ENTROPIE, Université de La Réunion, LabEx CORAIL,15 avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis Cedex 09, La Réunion, France
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Hughey JR, Miller KA, Gabrielson PW. Mitogenome analysis of a green tide forming Ulva from California, USA confirms its identity as Ulva expansa (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2018; 3:1302-1303. [PMID: 33474501 PMCID: PMC7799517 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1535859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An unknown species of marine sea lettuce was observed forming green tides consecutive years from 2014 to 2016 in Seaside, California. This Ulva sp. was similar in thallus size and shape to U. expansa. To confirm this identification, whole genome sequencing was performed on the bloom-forming species of Ulva and the holotype specimen of U. expansa. The complete green tide Ulva mitogenome is 64,143 bp in length, contains 65 genes, and displays high gene synteny with U. pertusa Kjellman. The mitogenome was incomplete for the holotype of U. expansa, but the analysis yielded the mitoexome, plastid, and nuclear genetic markers. These data verify that the native U. expansa is responsible for the blooms in central California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery R Hughey
- Division of Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Hartnell College, Salinas, CA, USA
| | - Kathy Ann Miller
- University Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paul W Gabrielson
- Biology Department and Herbarium, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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63
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Li Y, Zhong J, Zheng M, Zhuo P, Xu N. Photoperiod mediates the effects of elevated CO 2 on the growth and physiological performance in the green tide alga Ulva prolifera. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 141:24-29. [PMID: 30082083 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ulva spp., an increasingly important food, are the dominant species of the large-scale green tides. In this study, both the growth and the physiological responses of the Ulva prolifera were studied after cultured in three different light and dark regimes (12:12, 14:10 and 16:8-h light/dark) in combination with current (420 μatm; LC) and increased (1000 μatm; HC) levels of atmospheric CO2. Grown rate of U. prolifera was significantly enhanced by increased CO2 under the three light:dark regimes, especially under 16:8 h-light:dark, indicating that growth was C-unsaturated at present CO2 levels. U. prolifera showed a significantly higher growth rate and lower dark respiration rate (Rd) at 16:8 h-light:dark treatment than at 12:12 h-light/dark treatment, regardless of the CO2 treatment. The photochemical performance was largely unaffected by elevated CO2 and daylength. These results suggest that U. prolifera in a future CO2 enriched coastal water, seems to be resilient to higher CO2 concentrations, and this could be enhanced by longer daylength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahe Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jiali Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mingshan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Pinli Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Nianjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Gao G, Clare AS, Chatzidimitriou E, Rose C, Caldwell G. Effects of ocean warming and acidification, combined with nutrient enrichment, on chemical composition and functional properties of Ulva rigida. Food Chem 2018; 258:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gao G, Gao Q, Bao M, Xu J, Li X. Nitrogen availability modulates the effects of ocean acidification on biomass yield and food quality of a marine crop Pyropia yezoensis. Food Chem 2018; 271:623-629. [PMID: 30236725 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pyropia yezoensis is an important marine crop in the world. We cultured it under two levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) (408 (LC), 998 (HC) μatm) and nitrate (30 (LN) and 500 (HN) μmol L-1) to investigate the effect of ocean acidification on its growth and food quality under changing nitrogen supply. HC decreased growth rate of P. yezoensis under LN but did not affect it under HN. Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin were enhanced by HC, particularly at HN, which contributed to the darker color. HC stimulated the synthesis of sweat amino acids regardless of nitrate condition and umami amino acid only under LN. HN increased the content of umami amino acids regardless of pCO2 condition and sweet amino acids only under HC. Our findings indicate that future ocean acidification may reduce biomass yield of P. yezoensis but increase its color and flavor, which was regulated by nitrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Menglin Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xinshu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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66
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Wu H, Gao G, Zhong Z, Li X, Xu J. Physiological acclimation of the green tidal alga Ulva prolifera to a fast-changing environment. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 137:1-7. [PMID: 29478766 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To aid early warning and prevent the outbreak of green tides in the Yellow Sea, both the growth and photosynthetic performance of Ulva prolifera were studied after culture in different temperatures (18, 22, and 26 °C) and light intensities (44, 160, and 280 μmol m-2·s-1). Furthermore, their instantaneous net photosynthetic performance (INPP) was studied to determine the resulting environmental acclimation. The relative growth rates of U. prolifera significantly decreased in response to increasing temperature, while they increased with increasing light intensity. Culture at higher light intensities significantly increased INPP, while higher temperatures decreased the INPP. Culture at lower temperatures lowered INPP, while increased growth temperature increased the effect. These results suggest that high temperatures during the cold season inhibited U. prolifera growth. However, low temperatures during the warm season increase biomass and may cause a large-scale green tide. These results help to understand the correlation between U. prolifera blooms and extreme weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wu
- Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Guang Gao
- Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhihai Zhong
- Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xinshu Li
- Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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Vikrant K, Kim KH, Ok YS, Tsang DCW, Tsang YF, Giri BS, Singh RS. Engineered/designer biochar for the removal of phosphate in water and wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:1242-1260. [PMID: 29107379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, biochar has attracted immense scientific interest for agricultural and environmental applications. A broad range of biochars with advantageous properties (e.g., high surface area, flexible architecture, and high porosity) has been developed for pollution abatement. Nevertheless, biochar suffers from certain drawbacks (e.g., limited sorption capacity for anions and poor mechanical properties) that limit their practical applicability. This review focuses on recent advancements in biochar technology, especially with respect to its technical aspects, the variables associated with removing phosphates from water, and the challenges for such abatement. The attention paid to the specific remediation of phosphate from water using biochar is limited (n=1114 - Scopus) compared to the application of biochar to other common water pollutants (n=3998 - Scopus). The subject warrants immediate rigorous research because of the undesirable effects of excess phosphate in water bodies. This review will thus facilitate the construction of a roadmap for further developments and the expansion of this challenging area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Vikrant
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Centre of Advanced Study, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, Divison of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Balendu Shekhar Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Centre of Advanced Study, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Centre of Advanced Study, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Mukhoro OC, Roos WD, Jaffer M, Bolton JJ, Stillman MJ, Beukes DR, Antunes E. Very Green Photosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by a Living Aquatic Plant: Photoreduction of AuIII
by the Seaweed Ulva armoricana. Chemistry 2017; 24:1657-1666. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofhani C. Mukhoro
- Department of Biotechnology; University of the Western Cape; Bellville 7535 South Africa
| | - Wiets D. Roos
- Department of Physics; University of the Free State; Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
| | - Mohammed Jaffer
- Electron Microscopy Unit; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - John J. Bolton
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | | | - Denzil R. Beukes
- School of Pharmacy; University of the Western Cape; Bellville 7535 South Africa
| | - Edith Antunes
- Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville 7535 South Africa
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69
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Reproductive sterility increases the capacity to exploit the green seaweed Ulva rigida for commercial applications. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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