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Przybylski W, Żelechowska E, Czauderna M, Jaworska D, Kalicka K, Wereszka K. Protein profile and physicochemical characteristics of meat of lambs fed diets supplemented with rapeseed oil, fish oil, carnosic acid, and different chemical forms of selenium. Arch Anim Breed 2017. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-60-105-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the longissimus muscle of lambs fed a control diet containing 3 % rapeseed oil (RO) (group I); an experimental diet with 2 % RO and 1 % fish oil (FO) (group II); or experimental diets with coupled addition of 2 % RO, 1 % FO, and 0.1 % carnosic acid (CA) (group III) without/with 0.35 ppm Se as selenized yeast (SeY) (group IV) or selenate (SeVI as sodium selenate, Na2SeO4) (group V). The results showed that dietary FO or SeVI affected the ultimate pH and meat color in comparison to lambs fed the control diet. The differences noted between diets in the case of muscle tissue were as follows: myosin HC (heavy chain) and LC1 (light chain), 150 kDa, α-actinin, 60 kDa, and TnT (troponin T), 30 kDa protein. The addition of FO to lamb diets resulted in a lower content of 30 kDa proteins, which are indicators of proteolysis. Considering the protein profile of drip loss, results showed effects of dietary administration of FO, CA, and Se (as SeY and SeVI) on the abundance of the following sarcoplasmic proteins: AMPDA (AMP deaminase), PGM (phosphoglucomutase), PK/PGI (pyruvate kinase/phosphoglucose isomerase), CK/PGAK (creatine kinase/phosphoglycerate kinase), ALD (aldolase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), PGAM (phosphoglycerate mutase), and TPI (triosephosphate isomerase). The lower content of TPI (in group II with comparison to groups III–V) and PGAM (in group II with comparison to group I and III) could be due to a higher ultimate pH in the group with FO addition, whereas lower contents of CK/PGAK, ALD, and LDH were attributed to Se addition. In comparison to the control diet, all experimental diets without SeVI decreased the content of the sum of all assayed amino acids ( ∑ AAs), indispensable amino acids ( ∑ IAAs), and dispensable amino acids ( ∑ DAAs) in the muscle. The highest ratios of ∑ IAAs to ∑ DAAs and ∑ IAAs to ∑ AAs were found in the muscle of lambs fed the diet containing RO, FO, and CA. The FO-supplemented diet with CA and SeVI increased the abundance of methionine in the muscle in comparison to the control diet and the FO-supplemented diet without/with CA.
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Schilling MW, Suman SP, Zhang X, Nair MN, Desai MA, Cai K, Ciaramella MA, Allen PJ. Proteomic approach to characterize biochemistry of meat quality defects. Meat Sci 2017; 132:131-138. [PMID: 28454727 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics can be used to characterize quality defects including pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat (pork and poultry), woody broiler breast meat, reddish catfish fillets, meat toughness, and beef myoglobin oxidation. PSE broiler meat was characterized by 15 proteins that differed in abundance in comparison to normal broiler breast meat, and eight proteins were differentially expressed in woody breast meat in comparison to normal breast meat. Hemoglobin was the only protein that was differentially expressed between red and normal catfish fillets. However, inducing low oxygen and/or heat stress conditions to catfish fillets did not lead to the production of red fillets. Proteomic data provided information pertaining to the protein differences that exist in meat quality defects. However, these data need to be evaluated in conjunction with information pertaining to genetics, nutrition, environment of the live animal, muscle to meat conversion, meat quality analyses and sensory attributes to understand causality, protein biomarkers, and ultimately how to prevent quality defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Schilling
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
| | - S P Suman
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - M N Nair
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - M A Desai
- Reed Food Technology, Pearl, MS 39208, United States
| | - K Cai
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - M A Ciaramella
- New York Sea Grant, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - P J Allen
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
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Sun J, Xie M, Huang Z, Li H, chen T, Sun R, Wang J, Xi Q, Wu T, Zhang Y. Integrated analysis of non-coding RNA and mRNA expression profiles of 2 pig breeds differing in muscle traits1,2. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1092-1103. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - M. Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Z. Huang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - H. Li
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China
| | - T. chen
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - R. Sun
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100, China
| | - J. Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - T. Wu
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Y. Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Differences in Beef Quality between Angus (Bos taurus taurus) and Nellore (Bos taurus indicus) Cattle through a Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Approach. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170294. [PMID: 28103301 PMCID: PMC5245812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are the major constituents of muscle and are key molecules regulating the metabolic changes during conversion of muscle to meat. Brazil is one of the largest exporters of beef and most Brazilian cattle are composed by zebu (Nellore) genotype. Bos indicus beef is generally leaner and tougher than Bos taurus such as Angus. The aim of this study was to compare the muscle proteomic and phosphoproteomic profile of Angus and Nellore. Seven animals of each breed previously subjected the same growth management were confined for 84 days. Proteins were extracted from Longissimus lumborum samples collected immediately after slaughter and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Pro-Q Diamond stain was used in phosphoproteomics. Proteins identification was performed using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain, troponin-T, myosin light chain-1 fragment, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, alpha-enolase and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein were more abundant in Nellore, while myosin light chain 3, prohibitin, mitochondrial stress-70 protein and heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 were more abundant in Angus (P<0.05). Nellore had higher phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain-2, alpha actin-1, triosephosphate isomerase and 14-3-3 protein epsilon. However, Angus had greater phosphorylation of phosphoglucomutase-1 and troponin-T (P<0.05). Therefore, proteins involved in contraction and muscle organization, myofilaments expressed in fast or slow-twitch fibers and heat shock proteins localized in mitochondria or sarcoplasmic reticulum and involved in cell flux of calcium and apoptosis might be associated with differences in beef quality between Angus and Nellore. Furthermore, prohibitin appears to be a potential biomarker of intramuscular fat in cattle. Additionally, differences in phosphorylation of myofilaments and glycolytic enzymes could be involved with differences in muscle contraction force, susceptibility to calpain, apoptosis and postmortem glycolysis, which might also be related to differences in beef quality among Angus and Nellore.
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Wu W, Yu QQ, Fu Y, Tian XJ, Jia F, Li XM, Dai RT. Towards muscle-specific meat color stability of Chinese Luxi yellow cattle: A proteomic insight into post-mortem storage. J Proteomics 2016; 147:108-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Welzenbach J, Neuhoff C, Heidt H, Cinar MU, Looft C, Schellander K, Tholen E, Große-Brinkhaus C. Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic, Proteomic and Genomic Data to Reveal Functional Pathways and Candidate Genes for Drip Loss in Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1426. [PMID: 27589727 PMCID: PMC5037705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to integrate multi omics data to characterize underlying functional pathways and candidate genes for drip loss in pigs. The consideration of different omics levels allows elucidating the black box of phenotype expression. Metabolite and protein profiling was applied in Musculus longissimus dorsi samples of 97 Duroc × Pietrain pigs. In total, 126 and 35 annotated metabolites and proteins were quantified, respectively. In addition, all animals were genotyped with the porcine 60 k Illumina beadchip. An enrichment analysis resulted in 10 pathways, amongst others, sphingolipid metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, with significant influence on drip loss. Drip loss and 22 metabolic components were analyzed as intermediate phenotypes within a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We detected significantly associated genetic markers and candidate genes for drip loss and for most of the metabolic components. On chromosome 18, a region with promising candidate genes was identified based on SNPs associated with drip loss, the protein "phosphoglycerate mutase 2" and the metabolite glycine. We hypothesize that association studies based on intermediate phenotypes are able to provide comprehensive insights in the genetic variation of genes directly involved in the metabolism of performance traits. In this way, the analyses contribute to identify reliable candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Welzenbach
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Hanna Heidt
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
- Institute for Organic Agriculture Luxembourg, Association sans but lucratif (A.S.B.L.), 13 Rue Gabriel Lippmann, L-5365 Munsbach, Luxembourg.
| | - Mehmet Ulas Cinar
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Talas Bulvari No. 99, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Christian Looft
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Przybylski W, Kaczor D, Żelechowska E, Jaworska D, Kajak-Siemaszko K, Boruszewska K, Jankiewicz U. Sarcoplasmic Protein Profile from Drip Loss in Relation to Pork Quality. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C2320-C2326. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Przybylski
- Dept. of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw Univ. of Life Sciences - SGGW; Nowoursynowska 159C St. 02-776 Warsaw Poland
| | - Damian Kaczor
- Dept. of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw Univ. of Life Sciences - SGGW; Nowoursynowska 159C St. 02-776 Warsaw Poland
| | - Elżbieta Żelechowska
- Dept. of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw Univ. of Life Sciences - SGGW; Nowoursynowska 159C St. 02-776 Warsaw Poland
| | - Danuta Jaworska
- Dept. of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw Univ. of Life Sciences - SGGW; Nowoursynowska 159C St. 02-776 Warsaw Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kajak-Siemaszko
- Dept. of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw Univ. of Life Sciences - SGGW; Nowoursynowska 159C St. 02-776 Warsaw Poland
| | - Kinga Boruszewska
- Dept. of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw Univ. of Life Sciences - SGGW; Nowoursynowska 159C St. 02-776 Warsaw Poland
| | - Urszula Jankiewicz
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology; Warsaw Univ. of Life Sciences - SGGW; Nowoursynowska 159C St. 02-776 Warsaw Poland
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Yi B, Chen L, Sa R, Zhong R, Xing H, Zhang H. High concentrations of atmospheric ammonia induce alterations of gene expression in the breast muscle of broilers (Gallus gallus) based on RNA-Seq. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:598. [PMID: 27515403 PMCID: PMC4982197 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High concentrations of atmospheric ammonia are one of the key environmental stressors affecting broiler production performance, which causes remarkable economic losses as well as potential welfare problems of the broiler industry. Previous reports demonstrated that high levels of ammonia altered body fat distribution and meat quality of broilers. However, the molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways in breast muscle altered by high concentrations of ambient ammonia exposure on broilers are still unknown. RESULTS This study utilized RNA-Seq to compare the transcriptomes of breast muscles to identify differentially enriched genes in broilers exposed to high and low concentrations of atmospheric ammonia. A total of 267 promising candidate genes were identified by differential expression analysis, among which 67 genes were up-regulated and 189 genes were down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the up and down-regulation of these genes were involved in the following two categories of cellular pathways and metabolisms: Steroid biosynthesis (gga00100) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway (gga03320), which both participated in the lipid metabolism processes. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that longtime exposure to high concentrations of aerial ammonia can change fat content in breast muscle, meat quality and palatability via altering expression level of genes participating in important lipid metabolism pathways. These findings have provided novel insights into our understanding of molecular mechanisms of breast muscles exposed to ammonia in broilers. This study provides new information that could be used for genetic breeding and nutritional intervention in production practice of broilers industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Renna Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Huan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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Calcium Homeostasis and Muscle Energy Metabolism Are Modified in HspB1-Null Mice. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4020017. [PMID: 28248227 PMCID: PMC5217347 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp27—encoded by HspB1—is a member of the small heat shock proteins (sHsp, 12–43 kDa (kilodalton)) family. This protein is constitutively present in a wide variety of tissues and in many cell lines. The abundance of Hsp27 is highest in skeletal muscle, indicating a crucial role for muscle physiology. The protein identified as a beef tenderness biomarker was found at a crucial hub in a functional network involved in beef tenderness. The aim of this study was to analyze the proteins impacted by the targeted invalidation of HspB1 in the Tibialis anterior muscle of the mouse. Comparative proteomics using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed 22 spots that were differentially abundant between HspB1-null mice and their controls that could be identified by mass spectrometry. Eighteen spots were more abundant in the muscle of the mutant mice, and four were less abundant. The proteins impacted by the absence of Hsp27 belonged mainly to calcium homeostasis (Srl and Calsq1), contraction (TnnT3), energy metabolism (Tpi1, Mdh1, PdhB, Ckm, Pygm, ApoA1) and the Hsp proteins family (HspA9). These data suggest a crucial role for these proteins in meat tenderization. The information gained by this study could also be helpful to predict the side effects of Hsp27 depletion in muscle development and pathologies linked to small Hsps.
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60
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Expression Marker-Based Strategy to Improve Beef Quality. ScientificWorldJournal 2016; 2016:2185323. [PMID: 27066527 PMCID: PMC4811623 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2185323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For beef cattle research, a main objective is to control concomitantly the development of muscles and the qualities of beef cuts. Beef quality is a complex phenotype that is only detectable after slaughter and is highly variable. The beef industry is in need of tools to estimate beef quality of live cattle or online in abattoirs, with specific attention towards sensory attributes (tenderness, juiciness, flavour, and colour). Identification of relevant genetic and genomic markers is ongoing, especially for tenderness—a top priority quality attribute. In this paper, we describe the steps of an expression marker-based strategy to improve beef sensory quality, from the discovery of biomarkers that identify consistent beef and the biological functions governing beef tenderness to the integration of the knowledge into detection tests for desirable animals. These tools should soon be available for the management of sensory quality in the beef production chain for meeting market's demands and assuring good quality standards.
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Abstract
The main food quality traits of interest using non-invasive sensing techniques are sensory characteristics, chemical composition, physicochemical properties, health-protecting properties, nutritional characteristics and safety. A wide range of non-invasive sensing techniques, from optical, acoustical, electrical, to nuclear magnetic, X-ray, biosensor, microwave and terahertz, are organized according to physical principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zou Xiaobo
- Agricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
| | - Huang Xiaowei
- Agricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
| | - Malcolm Povey
- School of Food Science and Nutrition
- the University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
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Gagaoua M, Terlouw EMC, Micol D, Boudjellal A, Hocquette JF, Picard B. Understanding Early Post-Mortem Biochemical Processes Underlying Meat Color and pH Decline in the Longissimus thoracis Muscle of Young Blond d'Aquitaine Bulls Using Protein Biomarkers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6799-6809. [PMID: 26160326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many studies on color biochemistry and protein biomarkers were undertaken in post-mortem beef muscles after ≥24 hours. The present study was conducted on Longissimus thoracis muscles of 21 Blond d'Aquitaine young bulls to evaluate the relationships between protein biomarkers present during the early post-mortem and known to be related to tenderness and pH decline and color development. pH values at 45 min, 3 h, and 30 h post-mortem were correlated with three, seven, and six biomarkers, respectively. L*a*b* color coordinates 24 h post-mortem were correlated with nine, five, and eight protein biomarkers, respectively. Regression models included Hsp proteins and explained between 47 and 59% of the variability between individuals in pH and between 47 and 65% of the variability in L*a*b* color coordinates. Proteins correlated with pH and/or color coordinates were involved in apoptosis or had antioxidative or chaperone activities. The main results include the negative correlations between pH45 min, pH3 h, and pHu and Prdx6, which may be explained by the antioxidative and phospholipase activities of this biomarker. Similarly, inducible Hsp70-1A/B and μ-calpain were correlated with L*a*b* coordinates, due to the protective action of Hsp70-1A/B on the proteolytic activities of μ-calpain on structural proteins. Correlations existed further between MDH1, ENO3, and LDH-B and pH decline and color stability probably due to the involvement of these enzymes in the glycolytic pathway and, thus, the energy status of the cell. The present results show that research using protein indicators may increase the understanding of early post-mortem biological mechanisms involved in pH and beef color development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Gagaoua
- †INRA, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
- ‡Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, B.P. 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- §Equipe Maquav, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - E M Claudia Terlouw
- †INRA, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
- ‡Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, B.P. 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Micol
- †INRA, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
- ‡Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, B.P. 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Abdelghani Boudjellal
- §Equipe Maquav, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Jean-François Hocquette
- †INRA, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
- ‡Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, B.P. 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Brigitte Picard
- †INRA, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
- ‡Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, B.P. 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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