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Toth PP, Harper CR, Jacobson TA. Clinical characterization and molecular mechanisms of statin myopathy. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 6:955-69. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.6.7.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Braun L, Stanguts C, Spitzer O, Hose L, Gunawan M, Kure CE, Kwa L, Esmore D, Bailey M, Rosenfeldt F. A wellness program for cardiac surgery improves clinical outcomes. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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53
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Barakat A, Shegokar R, Dittgen M, Müller RH. Coenzyme Q10 oral bioavailability: effect of formulation type. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-013-0101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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54
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Functional benefits of PLGA particulates carrying VEGF and CoQ10 in an animal of myocardial ischemia. Int J Pharm 2013; 454:784-90. [PMID: 23639291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia (MI) remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Angiogenic therapy with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a promising strategy to overcome hypoxia and its consequences. However, from the clinical data it is clear that fulfillment of the potential of VEGF warrants a better delivery strategy. On the other hand, the compelling evidences of the role of oxidative stress in diseases like MI encourage the use of antioxidant agents. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) due to its role in the electron transport chain in the mitochondria seems to be a good candidate to manage MI but is associated with poor biopharmaceutical properties seeking better delivery approaches. The female Sprague Dawley rats were induced MI and were followed up with VEGF microparticles intramyocardially and CoQ10 nanoparticles orally or their combination with appropriate controls. Cardiac function was assessed by measuring ejection fraction before and after three months of therapy. Results demonstrate significant improvement in the ejection fraction after three months with both treatment forms individually; however the combination therapy failed to offer any synergism. In conclusion, VEGF microparticles and CoQ10 nanoparticles can be considered as promising strategies for managing MI.
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Mugoni V, Postel R, Catanzaro V, De Luca E, Turco E, Digilio G, Silengo L, Murphy M, Medana C, Stainier D, Bakkers J, Santoro M. Ubiad1 is an antioxidant enzyme that regulates eNOS activity by CoQ10 synthesis. Cell 2013; 152:504-18. [PMID: 23374346 PMCID: PMC3574195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protection against oxidative damage caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) by an antioxidant network is essential for the health of tissues, especially in the cardiovascular system. Here, we identified a gene with important antioxidant features by analyzing a null allele of zebrafish ubiad1, called barolo (bar). bar mutants show specific cardiovascular failure due to oxidative stress and ROS-mediated cellular damage. Human UBIAD1 is a nonmitochondrial prenyltransferase that synthesizes CoQ10 in the Golgi membrane compartment. Loss of UBIAD1 reduces the cytosolic pool of the antioxidant CoQ10 and leads to ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation in vascular cells. Surprisingly, inhibition of eNOS prevents Ubiad1-dependent cardiovascular oxidative damage, suggesting a crucial role for this enzyme and nonmitochondrial CoQ10 in NO signaling. These findings identify UBIAD1 as a nonmitochondrial CoQ10-forming enzyme with specific cardiovascular protective function via the modulation of eNOS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Mugoni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ruben Postel
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht and Netherlands Heart Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria Catanzaro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa De Luca
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Digilio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Silengo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Didier Y.R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht and Netherlands Heart Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo M. Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Corresponding author
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Herbal, vitamin, and mineral supplement use in patients enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2013; 32:270-7. [PMID: 22878561 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0b013e31825f78f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of complementary and alternative medicine is common and continues to rise each year, both in the general population and among those with cardiovascular disease. While some supplements may incur risk, particularly when used concomitantly with cardiovascular medications, others have proven benefits. However, supplements such as antioxidants and many herbs can have significant interactions with cardiovascular medications. This study aimed to identify the percentage of patients enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program taking herbal, vitamin, and mineral supplements. METHODS Electronic and paper charts of 235 patients enrolled in a phase 3 cardiac rehabilitation program were reviewed. Their demographics, medical history, and medications were stratified in an Excel chart, using a large matrix from which data were imported into Matlab for analysis. Custom Matlab programs were created and compiled to determine variables of interest, including percentages of patients with a specific medical condition taking certain supplements. RESULTS Sixty-seven percent of patients enrolled in the cardiac rehabilitation program were taking vitamins, with or without minerals (67%, 158 of 235). Multivitamin is the most common form of supplement (51%, 119 of 235), followed by fish oil/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (27%, 64 of 235). CONCLUSION The majority of patients in a phase 3 cardiac rehabilitation program are taking some form of herbal, vitamin, or mineral supplement. Given frequent, complicated patient medication regimens, it is important to educate patients on the potential benefits as well as lack of evidence and possible dangers of supplements.
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Thornthwaite JT, Shah HR, Shah P, Peeples WC, Respess H. The formulation for cancer prevention & therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abc.2013.33040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ivanov A, Gorodetskaya E, Kalenikova E, Medvedev O. Single intravenous injection of CoQ<sub>10</sub> reduces infarct size in a rat model of ischemia and reperfusion injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/wjcd.2013.35a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sohet FM, Delzenne NM. Is there a place for coenzyme Q in the management of metabolic disorders associated with obesity? Nutr Rev 2012; 70:631-41. [PMID: 23110642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a lipophilic cofactor of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, can be synthesized endogenously or provided by food. The aim of this review is to summarize the in vitro cell culture studies, the in vivo animal studies, and the human studies investigating the impact of CoQ supplementation on the occurrence of obesity and related disorders (diabetes, hypertension, lipemia, and atherosclerosis). The antioxidative properties of CoQ have been observed in different experimental models of atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes. The recent discovery of the anti-inflammatory effect of CoQ, mostly described in vitro, has generated increased interest in CoQ supplementation, but it needs to be confirmed in vivo in pathological situations. CoQ intervention studies in humans failed to show reproducible effects on body weight, fat mass, or glycemia, but CoQ supplementation does seem to have an antihypertensive effect. The molecular mechanism to explain this effect has only recently been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence M Sohet
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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61
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Fogagnolo P, Sacchi M, Ceresara G, Paderni R, Lapadula P, Orzalesi N, Rossetti L. The effects of topical coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate after cataract surgery: a clinical and in vivo confocal study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 229:26-31. [PMID: 23011409 DOI: 10.1159/000342196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the postoperative effects of topical coenzyme Q(10) + vitamin E D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (CoQ(10)) after cataract surgery. METHODS 40 consecutive patients were randomized to receive CoQ(10) or saline solution (SS) twice daily for 9 months after uneventful cataract surgery with a temporal port. Before surgery, on day 14 and at months 3, 6 and 9, they underwent non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT) testing, Schirmer test, BUT, aesthesiometry as well as in vivo confocal microscopy of the subbasal nerve plexus of the cornea (SBP). The density of the subbasal nerves was calculated in the central (CFD) and temporal (TFD) cornea (number of fibres per field). RESULTS On day 14, surgery reduced CFD and TFD, respectively, by 25-35 and 50%; indices of ocular surface stability were all impaired. The treatment with CoQ(10) was associated with faster nerve regeneration than SS (at month 3, CFD +1.5 ± 1.9 vs. +0.2 ± 1.8, p = 0.04, and TFD +2.5 ± 1.7 vs. +1.0 ± 1.6, p = 0.007; at month 6, TFD +2.7 ± 1.9 vs. +1.4 ± 1.5, p = 0.02) and better stability of ocular surface (NIBUT and BUT) throughout the study. No relevant side effects were found, apart from occasional burning in 10% of CoQ(10) patients. CONCLUSIONS Changes of the corneal nerves occurring after cataract surgery may influence the integrity of the ocular surface. Treatment with topical CoQ(10) has a positive effect in restoring SBP anatomy and ocular surface stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fogagnolo
- G.B. Bietti Foundation for the Study and Research in Ophthalmology, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Mullin GE. The heart speaks II: embracing integrative medicine for heart health. Nutr Clin Pract 2012; 27:568-71. [PMID: 22820900 DOI: 10.1177/0884533612452612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard E Mullin
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Grant SJ, Bin YS, Kiat H, Chang DHT. The use of complementary and alternative medicine by people with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:299. [PMID: 22536991 PMCID: PMC3444368 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) may offer benefits as well as risks to people with cardiovascular disease. Understanding the prevalence and the nature of CAM use will encourage beneficial CAM therapies, prevent potential herb-drug interactions and foster communication between patients and physicians. METHODS A systematic search of eight bibliographic databases was conducted for studies that investigated CAM use in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Two independent reviewers selected relevant abstracts and evaluated the quality of included studies. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included. Prevalence of CAM use in cardiac patients ranged from 4% - 61%. Biologically-based therapies usage ranged from 22% to 68%. Herbal medicines were used by between 2% and 46%. A large proportion of patients did not inform medical practitioners about their CAM use and up to 90% of treating physicians did not discuss CAM use with their patients. CONCLUSIONS CAM use in patients with cardiovascular disease appears common. The findings suggest that the effects of CAM on medical management of cardiovascular disease may be overlooked and that patient-physician communication need to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J Grant
- Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751, Australia
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64
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Rosenfeldt F, Wilson M, Lee G, Kure C, Ou R, Braun L, de Haan J. Oxidative stress in surgery in an ageing population: pathophysiology and therapy. Exp Gerontol 2012; 48:45-54. [PMID: 22465624 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the regulation of normal cellular function. When ROS are produced in excess they can have detrimental effects, a state known as oxidative stress. Thus ROS play both physiological and pathophysiological roles in the body. In clinical practice oxidative stress and its counterpart, antioxidant capacity can be measured and can guide remedial therapy. Oxidative stress can have a negative impact in all forms of major surgery including cardiac surgery, general surgery, trauma surgery, orthopedic surgery and plastic surgery; this is particularly marked in an ageing population. Many different therapies to reduce oxidative stress in surgery have been tried with variable results. We conclude that in surgical patients the assessment of oxidative stress, improvement of the understanding of its role, both positive and negative, and devising appropriate therapies represent fruitful fields for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Rosenfeldt
- Cardiac Surgical Research Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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65
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Lee BJ, Huang YC, Chen SJ, Lin PT. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation reduces oxidative stress and increases antioxidant enzyme activity in patients with coronary artery disease. Nutrition 2012; 28:250-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gao L, Mao Q, Cao J, Wang Y, Zhou X, Fan L. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on vascular endothelial function in humans: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Atherosclerosis 2011; 221:311-6. [PMID: 22088605 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of coenzyme Q10 on arterial endothelial function in patients with and without established cardiovascular disease. BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS The search included MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EMBASE to identify studies up to 1 July 2011. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials on the effects of coenzyme Q10 compared with placebo on endothelial function. Two reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Five eligible trials enrolled a total of 194 patients. Meta-analysis using random-effects model showed treatment with coenzyme Q10 significantly improvement in endothelial function assessed peripherally by flow-mediated dilatation (SMD 1.70, 95% CI: 1.00-2.4, p<0.0001). However, the endothelial function assessed peripherally by nitrate-mediated arterial dilatation was not significantly improved by using fix-effects model (SMD -0.19, 95% CI: -1.75 to 1.38, p = 0.81). CONCLUSION Coenzyme Q10 supplementation is associated with significant improvement in endothelial function. The current study supports a role for CoQ10 supplementation in patients with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linggen Gao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
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67
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Michalkiewicz S. Anodic oxidation of oxidized forms of coenzymes Q10 and Q0 on carbon electrodes in acetic acid solutions. Bioelectrochemistry 2011; 82:103-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ozdoğan S, Kaman D, Simşek BÇ. Effects of coenzyme Q10 and α-lipoic acid supplementation in fructose fed rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 50:145-51. [PMID: 22448096 PMCID: PMC3303477 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid and coenzyme Q10 on plasma levels of lipids, asymmetric dimethylarginine, oxidative stress in fructose fed rats which provide a model of dietary-induced insulin resistance and to evaluate vascular changes developing in these rats by histologically. Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 did not receive any medication and served as a control. Group 2 received a regular diet and water ad libitum and fructose was administered as % 10 solution in drinking water. Group 3 received α-lipoic acid (100 mg/kg/day) i.p. for 5 weeks and Group 4 received coenzyme Q10 (10 mg/kg/day) i.p. for 5 weeks. For determination of plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine, glutathione and malondialdehyde levels, high-performance liquid chromatography system was used. Homeostatic model assessment as a measure of insulin resistance was calculated. Lipid profile measurements were determined using enzymatic assay on an Auto analyzer. The high fructose diet was significantly associated with an increase in levels of plasma LDL, VLDL and total cholesterol and decrease in level of HDL cholesterol. Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine, malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were also increase in these rats. α-lipoic acid or coenzyme Q10 supplementation was found to have some positive effect on these parameters. These findings were also demonstrated by morphological observation of the aorta. We demonstrated that administration of α-lipoic acid and coenzyme Q10 notably suppresses oxidative and nitrative stress, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance developing in fructose fed rats, a model of metabolic syndrome (MS). These positive effects of α-lipoic acid or coenzyme Q10 can be attributed to its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Ozdoğan
- Department of Biochemistry, Firat University Firat Medical Center, Firat University Medical Hospital, 23100, Elazig, Turkey
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Garjani A, Andalib S, Biabani S, Soraya H, Doustar Y, Garjani A, Maleki-Dizaji N. Combined atorvastatin and coenzyme Q10 improve the left ventricular function in isoproterenol-induced heart failure in rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 666:135-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Blatt T, Littarru GP. Biochemical rationale and experimental data on the antiaging properties of CoQ(10) at skin level. Biofactors 2011; 37:381-5. [PMID: 21990001 DOI: 10.1002/biof.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10) ) is a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and, therefore, is essential for the bioenergetics of oxidative phosphorylation. It is also endowed with antioxidant properties, and recent studies pointed out its capability of affecting the expression of different genes. In this review, we analyze the data on the mechanisms by which CoQ(10) interacts with skin aging processes. The effect of CoQ(10) in preserving mitochondrial function cooperates in maintaining a proper energy level, which serves to prevent the aging skin from switching to anaerobic energy production mechanisms. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of CoQ(10) contributes to a positive effect against UV-mediated oxidative stress. Some of these effects have been assessed also in vivo, by the sensitive technique of ultraweak photoemission. Finally, CoQ(10) has been shown to influence, through a gene induction mechanism, the synthesis of some key proteins of the skin and to decrease the expression of some metalloproteinase such as collagenase. These mechanisms may also contribute to preserve collagen content of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Blatt
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
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71
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Fumagalli S, Fattirolli F, Guarducci L, Cellai T, Baldasseroni S, Tarantini F, Di Bari M, Masotti G, Marchionni N. Coenzyme Q10 terclatrate and creatine in chronic heart failure: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Clin Cardiol 2011; 34:211-7. [PMID: 21462215 DOI: 10.1002/clc.20846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that micronutrient deficiency has some role in the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). HYPOTHESIS Oral supplementation with coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) and creatine may reduce mitochondrial dysfunction that contributes to impaired physical performance in CHF. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of a mixture of water-soluble CoQ(10) (CoQ(10) terclatrate; Q-ter) and creatine on exercise tolerance and health-related quality of life. Exercise tolerance was measured as total work capacity (kg·m) and peak oxygen consumption (VO(2), mL/min/kg), both from a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Health-related quality of life was measured by the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) in CHF secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%). After baseline assessment, 67 patients with stable CHF were randomized to receive Q-ter 320 mg + creatine 340 mg (n = 35) or placebo (n = 32) once daily for 8 weeks. RESULTS At multivariate analysis, 8-week peak VO(2) was significantly higher in the active treatment group than in the placebo group (+1.8 ± 0.9 mL/min/kg, 95% CI: 0.1-3.6, P < 0.05). No untoward effects occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that oral Q-ter and creatine, added to conventional drug therapy, exert some beneficial effect on physical performance in stable systolic CHF. Results may support the design of larger studies aimed at assessing the long-term effects of this treatment on functional status and harder outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fumagalli
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
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Piao H, Ouyang M, Xia D, Quan P, Xiao W, Song Y, Cui F. In vitro-in vivo study of CoQ10-loaded lipid nanoparticles in comparison with nanocrystals. Int J Pharm 2011; 419:255-9. [PMID: 21803142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present work described the effect of CoQ10 dissolution characteristics in nanocrystals and lipid nanoparticles (LNs) on its oral absorption in rats. Nanocrystals and LNs were prepared by melt-high pressure homogenization and sucrose monolaurate was used as a stabilizer in all formulations. Witepsol(®)W35 and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) were selected as lipid additives to form LN(CoQ10+W35) and LN(CoQ10+MCT), respectively. From the results obtained, the particle size of CoQ10 nanocrystals was 285 nm, while it was reduced to 150 nm by mixture with an equal amount of lipid additives due to their lower melting points. In vitro dissolution results indicated that the drug release from two LNs was delayed compared with that from nanocrystals, and LN(CoQ10+W35) exhibited the highest drug release over 4h. Finally, in vivo evaluation demonstrated that the oral absorption of CoQ10 was markedly increased by using nanocrystals and LNs compared with a coarse suspension. A good relationship was found between the in vitro dissolution and in vivo evaluation. The enhanced oral absorption of CoQ10 by nanocrystals and LNs was due to improved dissolution. In conclusion, Witepsol(®)W35 was shown to be a better lipid additive for the preparation of LNs to increase the oral absorption of CoQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Piao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
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Reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction by coenzyme Q10 supplement improves endothelial function in patients with ischaemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction: A randomized controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2011; 216:395-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Liu J, Wu Q, He D, Ma T, Du L, Dui W, Guo X, Jiao R. Drosophila sbo regulates lifespan through its function in the synthesis of coenzyme Q in vivo. J Genet Genomics 2011; 38:225-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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75
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Massaad CA, Klann E. Reactive oxygen species in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and memory. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:2013-54. [PMID: 20649473 PMCID: PMC3078504 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a metabolically active organ exhibiting high oxygen consumption and robust production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The large amounts of ROS are kept in check by an elaborate network of antioxidants, which sometimes fail and lead to neuronal oxidative stress. Thus, ROS are typically categorized as neurotoxic molecules and typically exert their detrimental effects via oxidation of essential macromolecules such as enzymes and cytoskeletal proteins. Most importantly, excessive ROS are associated with decreased performance in cognitive function. However, at physiological concentrations, ROS are involved in functional changes necessary for synaptic plasticity and hence, for normal cognitive function. The fine line of role reversal of ROS from good molecules to bad molecules is far from being fully understood. This review focuses on identifying the multiple sources of ROS in the mammalian nervous system and on presenting evidence for the critical and essential role of ROS in synaptic plasticity and memory. The review also shows that the inability to restrain either age- or pathology-related increases in ROS levels leads to opposite, detrimental effects that are involved in impairments in synaptic plasticity and memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Massaad
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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76
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Yuting Tian, Tianli Yue, Jinjin Pei, Yahong Yuan, Juhai Li, Martin Lo Y. Effects of cell lysis treatments on the yield of coenzyme Q10 following Agrobacterium tumefaciens fermentation. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2011; 16:195-203. [PMID: 21339135 DOI: 10.1177/1082013210366788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The yield of CoQ₁₀, an intracellular product extracted from Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells is dependent on the effectiveness of cell lysis post fermentation. Various cell lysis approaches are investigated, including ultrasound, repetitive freezing/thawing, grinding and acid-heat treatment. The acid-heat combination using hydrochloric acid is found the most effective in releasing CoQ₁₀, followed by lactic, sulfuric, phosphoric and oxalic acids. The most significant processing parameters, namely the ratio of acid solution volume and bacteria weight (A/B ratio), incubation temperature and reaction time, are optimized by using the central composite design with a quadratic regression model built by response surface methodology. The highest CoQ₁₀ yield at 1.518 mg/g dry cell is attained using hydrochloric acid (3 mol/L) under optimal A/B ratio, temperature and time at 10.8 mL/g, 84.2 °C and 35.3 min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling Shaanxi, P. R. China 712100
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77
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Iyer A, Brown L. Fermented wheat germ extract (avemar) in the treatment of cardiac remodeling and metabolic symptoms in rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:508957. [PMID: 19622599 PMCID: PMC3135775 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Avemar, a product of industrial fermentation of wheat germ with a standardized content of benzoquinone and plant flavonoids, has been tested as an anti-cancer and immunomodulatory dietary supplement. Proposed mechanisms include anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. This study has determined whether these actions of Avemar may also be useful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Two experimental rat models of cardiovascular remodeling were used in this project: the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-induced model of chronic hypertension (study I) and a high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet-induced model producing chronic symptoms of the metabolic syndrome and its associated cardiovascular complications (study II). Our results in these rat models of hypertension and diet-induced obesity show that treatment with Avemar improved cardiac function, decreased macrophage infiltration resulting in decreased collagen deposition in the ventricular myocardium, reversed an increased stiffness of the left ventricle in the diseased hearts and attenuated increased plasma malondialdehyde concentrations. In addition to the changes in the heart, Avemar reversed glucose intolerance, normalized systolic blood pressure and decreased visceral fat deposition in rats fed a high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet. In conclusion, the fermented wheat germ extract Avemar has a potential role in attenuating chronic hypertension, diabetes or metabolic syndrome-induced cardiovascular symptoms along with metabolic abnormalities such as glucose tolerance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishek Iyer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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78
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Chong-Han K. Dietary Lipophilic Antioxidants: Implications and Significance in the Aging Process. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2010; 50:931-7. [DOI: 10.1080/10408390903044073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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79
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Villalba JM, Parrado C, Santos-Gonzalez M, Alcain FJ. Therapeutic use of coenzyme Q10 and coenzyme Q10-related compounds and formulations. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19:535-54. [PMID: 20367194 DOI: 10.1517/13543781003727495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is found in blood and in all organs. CoQ(10) deficiencies are due to autosomal recessive mutations, ageing-related oxidative stress and carcinogenesis processes, and also statin treatment. Many neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer and muscular and cardiovascular diseases have been associated with low CoQ(10) levels, as well as different ataxias and encephalomyopathies. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW We review the efficacy of a variety of commercial formulations which have been developed to solubilise CoQ(10) and promote its better absorption in vivo, and its use in the therapy of pathologies associated with low CoQ(10) levels, with emphasis in the results of the clinical trials. Also, we review the use of its analogues idebenone and MitoQ. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review covers the most relevant aspects related with the therapeutic use of CoQ(10), including existing formulations and their effects on its bioavailability. TAKE HOME MESSAGE CoQ(10) does not cause serious adverse effects in humans and new formulations have been developed that increase CoQ(10) absorption. Oral CoQ(10) is a viable antioxidant strategy in many diseases, providing a significant to mild symptomatic benefit. Idebenone and MitoQ are promising substitutive CoQ(10)-related drugs which are well tolerated and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Villalba
- Universidad de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3a planta 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
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80
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Leong JY, van der Merwe J, Pepe S, Bailey M, Perkins A, Lymbury R, Esmore D, Marasco S, Rosenfeldt F. Perioperative metabolic therapy improves redox status and outcomes in cardiac surgery patients: A randomised trial. Heart Lung Circ 2010; 19:584-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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81
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Nowicka B, Kruk J. Occurrence, biosynthesis and function of isoprenoid quinones. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:1587-605. [PMID: 20599680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoid quinones are one of the most important groups of compounds occurring in membranes of living organisms. These compounds are composed of a hydrophilic head group and an apolar isoprenoid side chain, giving the molecules a lipid-soluble character. Isoprenoid quinones function mainly as electron and proton carriers in photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains and these compounds show also additional functions, such as antioxidant function. Most of naturally occurring isoprenoid quinones belong to naphthoquinones or evolutionary younger benzoquinones. Among benzoquinones, the most widespread and important are ubiquinones and plastoquinones. Menaquinones, belonging to naphthoquinones, function in respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chains of bacteria. Phylloquinone K(1), a phytyl naphthoquinone, functions in the photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I. Ubiquinones participate in respiratory chains of eukaryotic mitochondria and some bacteria. Plastoquinones are components of photosynthetic electron transport chains of cyanobacteria and plant chloroplasts. Biosynthetic pathway of isoprenoid quinones has been described, as well as their additional, recently recognized, diverse functions in bacterial, plant and animal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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82
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Frantz MC, Wipf P. Mitochondria as a target in treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2010; 51:462-75. [PMID: 20175113 PMCID: PMC2920596 DOI: 10.1002/em.20554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles that perform essential cellular functions and play pivotal roles in cell death and survival signaling. Hence, they represent an attractive target for drugs to treat metabolic, degenerative, and hyperproliferative diseases. Targeting mitochondria with organelle-specific agents or prodrugs has proven to be an effective therapeutic strategy. More specifically, controlling the cellular ROS balance via selective delivery of an antioxidant "payload" into mitochondria is an elegant emerging therapeutic concept. Herein, we review the recent medicinal chemistry and clinical data of these exploratory strategies, which should point the way for future generations of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Céline Frantz
- Correspondence to: Dr. Peter Wipf, Department of Chemistry, Parkman Ave. CSC 1301, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, ; or Dr. Marie-Céline Frantz, Department of Chemistry, Parkman Ave. CSC 1310, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA,
| | - Peter Wipf
- Correspondence to: Dr. Peter Wipf, Department of Chemistry, Parkman Ave. CSC 1301, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, ; or Dr. Marie-Céline Frantz, Department of Chemistry, Parkman Ave. CSC 1310, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA,
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83
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Gairola CG, Howatt DA, Daugherty A. Dietary coenzyme Q10 does not protect against cigarette smoke-augmented atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:1535-9. [PMID: 20227489 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary coenzyme Q10 reduces spontaneous atherosclerosis in the apoE-deficient mouse model of experimental atherosclerosis. We have shown previously that exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke (SSCS) enhances atherosclerotic lesion formation in apoE-deficient mice. The aim of the present study was to determine if CoQ10 protected against SSCS-mediated atherosclerosis. Female apoE-deficient mice were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet (SFD) alone, or supplemented with 1% wt/wt coenzyme Q10 (SFD-Q10). Mice in each diet group were exposed to SSCS for 4hrs/day, 5days/week in a whole-body exposure chamber maintained at 35+/-4mg smoke particulates/m(3). Mice kept in filtered ambient air served as controls. Mice were euthanized after either 6 or 15weeks of SSCS exposure and following measurements were performed: i) lung 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity; ii) plasma cholesterol and CoQ10 concentrations; iii) aortic intimal area covered by atherosclerotic lesions; and, iv) pathological characterization of lesions. Lung EROD activity increased in SSCS mice of both diet groups, confirming SSCS exposure. Plasma concentrations of CoQ10 in SFD-Q10-fed mice were increased markedly in comparison to SFD-fed mice. Plasma cholesterol concentrations and distributions of cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions were unaffected by SSCS exposure. Dietary supplementation with CoQ10 significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions in control mice. As reported previously, exposure to SSCS increased the size of lesions in apoE-/- mice at both time points. However, dietary supplementation with CoQ10 had no effect on atherosclerotic lesions augmented by SSCS exposure. The results suggest a role of oxidative processes in smoke-augmented atherosclerosis that are different than those mitigated by CoQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gary Gairola
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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84
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Pravst I, Žmitek K, Žmitek J. Coenzyme Q10 Contents in Foods and Fortification Strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2010; 50:269-80. [DOI: 10.1080/10408390902773037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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85
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Support of drug therapy using functional foods and dietary supplements: focus on statin therapy. Br J Nutr 2010; 103:1260-77. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509993230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Functional foods and dietary supplements might have a role in supporting drug therapy. These products may (1) have an additive effect to the effect that a drug has in reducing risk factors associated with certain conditions, (2) contribute to improve risk factors associated with the condition, other than the risk factor that the drug is dealing with, or (3) reduce drug-associated side effects, for example, by restoring depleted compounds or by reducing the necessary dose of the drug. Possible advantages compared with a multidrug therapy are lower drug costs, fewer side effects and increased adherence. In the present review we have focused on the support of statin therapy using functional foods or dietary supplements containing plant sterols and/or stanols, soluble dietary fibre, n-3 PUFA or coenzyme Q10. We conclude that there is substantial evidence that adding plant sterols and/or stanols to statin therapy further reduces total and LDL-cholesterol by roughly 6 and 10 %, respectively. Adding n-3 PUFA to statin therapy leads to a significant reduction in plasma TAG of at least 15 %. Data are insufficient and not conclusive to recommend the use of soluble fibre or coenzyme Q10 in patients on statin therapy and more randomised controlled trials towards these combinations are warranted. Aside from the possible beneficial effects from functional foods or dietary supplements on drug therapy, it is important to examine possible (negative) effects from the combination in the long term, for example, in post-marketing surveillance studies. Moreover, it is important to monitor whether the functional foods and dietary supplements are taken in the recommended amounts to induce significant effects.
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86
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Micronutrient Deficiencies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54:1660-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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87
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Choi JH, Ryu YW, Park YC, Seo JH. Synergistic effects of chromosomal ispB deletion and dxs overexpression on coenzyme Q10 production in recombinant Escherichia coli expressing Agrobacterium tumefaciens dps gene. J Biotechnol 2009; 144:64-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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88
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RAO GUOHUA, SHEN GUANGLIN, XU GUANG. ULTRASONIC ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF COENZYME Q10 FROM LITCHI (LITCHI CHINENSIS SONN.) PERICARP USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2009.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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89
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Kennedy PJ, Vashisht AA, Hoe KL, Kim DU, Park HO, Hayles J, Russell P. A genome-wide screen of genes involved in cadmium tolerance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Toxicol Sci 2008; 106:124-39. [PMID: 18684775 PMCID: PMC2563147 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a worldwide environmental toxicant responsible for a range of human diseases including cancer. Cellular injury from cadmium is minimized by stress-responsive detoxification mechanisms. We explored the genetic requirements for cadmium tolerance by individually screening mutants from the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) haploid deletion collection for inhibited growth on agar growth media containing cadmium. Cadmium-sensitive mutants were further tested for sensitivity to oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide) and osmotic stress (potassium chloride). Of 2649 mutants screened, 237 were sensitive to cadmium, of which 168 were cadmium specific. Most were previously unknown to be involved in cadmium tolerance. The 237 genes represent a number of pathways including sulfate assimilation, phytochelatin synthesis and transport, ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10) biosynthesis, stress signaling, cell wall biosynthesis and cell morphology, gene expression and chromatin remodeling, vacuole function, and intracellular transport of macromolecules. The ubiquinone biosynthesis mutants are acutely sensitive to cadmium but only mildly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, indicating that Coenzyme Q10 plays a larger role in cadmium tolerance than just as an antioxidant. These and several other mutants turn yellow when exposed to cadmium, suggesting cadmium sulfide accumulation. This phenotype can potentially be used as a biomarker for cadmium. There is remarkably little overlap with a comparable screen of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid deletion collection, indicating that the two distantly related yeasts utilize significantly different strategies for coping with cadmium stress. These strategies and their relation to cadmium detoxification in humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ajay A. Vashisht
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Kwang-Lae Hoe
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Kim
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Oh Park
- BiONEER Corporation, Daejeon 306-220, Republic of Korea
| | - Jacqueline Hayles
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London WC2A 3PX, UK
| | - Paul Russell
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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90
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The yeast Coq4 polypeptide organizes a mitochondrial protein complex essential for coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1791:69-75. [PMID: 19022396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q is a redox active lipid essential for aerobic respiration. The Coq4 polypeptide is required for Q biosynthesis and growth on non-fermentable carbon sources, however its exact function in this pathway is not known. Here we probe the functional roles of Coq4p in a yeast Q biosynthetic polypeptide complex. A yeast coq4-1 mutant harboring an E226K substitution is unable to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources. The coq4-1 yeast mutant retains significant Coq3p O-methyltransferase activity, and mitochondria isolated from coq4-1 and coq4-2 (E(121)K) yeast point mutants contain normal steady state levels of Coq polypeptides, unlike the decreased levels of Coq polypeptides generally found in strains harboring coq gene deletions. Digitonin-solubilized mitochondrial extracts prepared from yeast coq4 point mutants show that Coq3p and Coq4 polypeptides no longer co-migrate as high molecular mass complexes by one- and two-dimensional Blue Native-PAGE. Similarly, gel filtration chromatography confirms that O-methyltransferase activity, Coq3p, Coq4p, and Coq7p migration are disorganized in the coq4-1 mutant mitochondria. The data suggest that Coq4p plays an essential role in organizing a Coq enzyme complex required for Q biosynthesis.
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91
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McCully JD, Cowan DB, Pacak CA, Toumpoulis IK, Dayalan H, Levitsky S. Injection of isolated mitochondria during early reperfusion for cardioprotection. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 296:H94-H105. [PMID: 18978192 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00567.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that ischemia induces mitochondrial damage and dysfunction that persist throughout reperfusion and impact negatively on postischemic functional recovery and cellular viability. We hypothesized that viable respiration-competent mitochondria, isolated from tissue unaffected by ischemia and then injected into the ischemic zone just before reperfusion, would enhance postischemic functional recovery and limit infarct size. New Zealand White rabbits (n = 52) were subjected to 30 min of equilibrium and 30 min of regional ischemia (RI) induced by snaring the left anterior descending coronary artery. At 29 min of RI, the RI zone was injected with vehicle (sham control and RI vehicle) or vehicle containing mitochondria (7.7 x 10(6) +/- 1.5 x 10(6)/ml) isolated from donor rabbit left ventricular tissue (RI-Mito). The snare was released at 30 min of RI, and the hearts were reperfused for 120 min. Our results show that left ventricular peak developed pressure and systolic shortening in RI-Mito hearts were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05 vs. RI-vehicle) to 75% and 83% of equilibrium value, respectively, at 120 min of reperfusion compared with 57% and 62%, respectively, in RI-vehicle hearts. Creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin I, and infarct size relative to area at risk were significantly decreased in RI-Mito compared with RI-vehicle hearts (P < 0.05). Confocal microscopy showed that injected mitochondria were present and viable after 120 min of reperfusion and were distributed from the epicardium to the subendocardium. These results demonstrate that viable respiration-competent mitochondria, isolated from tissue unaffected by ischemia and then injected into the ischemic zone just before reperfusion, significantly enhance postischemic functional recovery and cellular viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D McCully
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Rm. 144, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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92
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Saiki R, Lunceford AL, Shi Y, Marbois B, King R, Pachuski J, Kawamukai M, Gasser DL, Clarke CF. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation rescues renal disease in Pdss2kd/kd mice with mutations in prenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F1535-44. [PMID: 18784258 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90445.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygous mice carrying kd (kidney disease) mutations in the gene encoding prenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (Pdss2kd/kd) develop interstitial nephritis and eventually die from end-stage renal disease. The PDSS2 polypeptide in concert with PDSS1 synthesizes the polyisoprenyl tail of coenzyme Q (Q or ubiquinone), a lipid quinone required for mitochondrial respiratory electron transport. We have shown that a deficiency in Q content is evident in Pdss2kd/kd mouse kidney lipid extracts by 40 days of age and thus precedes the onset of proteinuria and kidney disease by several weeks. The presence of the kd (V117M) mutation in PDSS2 does not prevent its association with PDSS1. However, heterologous expression of the kd mutant form of PDSS2 together with PDSS1 in Escherichia coli recapitulates the Q deficiency observed in the Pdss2kd/kd mouse. Dietary supplementation with Q10 provides a dramatic rescue of both proteinuria and interstitial nephritis in the Pdss2kd/kd mutant mice. The results presented suggest that Q may be acting as a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant, rather than by boosting kidney mitochondrial respiration. Such Q10 supplementation may have profound and beneficial effects in treatment of certain forms of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis that mirror the renal disease of the Pdss2kd/kd mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Saiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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93
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Pepe S, Leong JY, Merwe JVD, Marasco SF, Hadj A, Lymbury R, Perkins A, Rosenfeldt FL. Targeting oxidative stress in surgery: Effects of ageing and therapy. Exp Gerontol 2008; 43:653-657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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94
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Elsayed RK, Evans JD. Emerging lipid-lowering drugs: squalene synthase inhibitors. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2008; 13:309-22. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.13.2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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95
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Kunitomo M, Yamaguchi Y, Kagota S, Otsubo K. Beneficial effect of coenzyme Q10 on increased oxidative and nitrative stress and inflammation and individual metabolic components developing in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 107:128-37. [PMID: 18544898 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0072365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of cardiovascular risk factors, including visceral obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Increased oxidative and nitrative stress and inflammation and decreased endothelial function occur in an animal model of metabolic syndrome, SHR/NDmcr-cp (SHR/cp) rats. The present study investigated the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), one of the important antioxidants, on the abnormal oxidative condition and characteristic components of metabolic syndrome in SHR/cp rats by maintaining them on a diet supplemented with 0.07% - 0.7% CoQ10 for 26 weeks. We determined serum levels of oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as oxidative stress markers, 3-nitrotyrosine as a nitrative stress marker, 3-chlorotyrosine as a marker of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-catalyzed oxidation and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as an inflammatory marker. The administration of CoQ10 significantly attenuated the increase of oxidative and nitrative stress markers and inflammatory markers in a dose-dependent manner. CoQ10 prevented the elevated serum insulin levels, although it did not affect the elevated glucose level and dyslipidemia. CoQ10 also reduced elevated blood pressure, but did not affect body weight gain. In addition, CoQ10 improved endothelial dysfunction in the mesenteric arteries. These findings suggest that the antioxidant properties of CoQ10 can be effective for ameliorating cardiovascular risk in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kunitomo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
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96
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Saiki R, Lunceford AL, Bixler T, Dang P, Lee W, Furukawa S, Larsen PL, Clarke CF. Altered bacterial metabolism, not coenzyme Q content, is responsible for the lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans fed an Escherichia coli diet lacking coenzyme Q. Aging Cell 2008; 7:291-304. [PMID: 18267002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2008.00378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q(n) is a fully substituted benzoquinone containing a polyisoprene tail of distinct numbers (n) of isoprene groups. Caenorhabditis elegans fed Escherichia coli devoid of Q(8) have a significant lifespan extension when compared to C. elegans fed a standard 'Q-replete'E. coli diet. Here we examine possible mechanisms for the lifespan extension caused by the Q-less E. coli diet. A bioassay for Q uptake shows that a water-soluble formulation of Q(10) is effectively taken up by both clk-1 mutant and wild-type nematodes, but does not reverse lifespan extension mediated by the Q-less E. coli diet, indicating that lifespan extension is not due to the absence of dietary Q per se. The enhanced longevity mediated by the Q-less E. coli diet cannot be attributed to dietary restriction, different Qn isoforms, reduced pathogenesis or slowed growth of the Q-less E. coli, and in fact requires E. coli viability. Q-less E. coli have defects in respiratory metabolism. C. elegans fed Q-replete E. coli mutants with similarly impaired respiratory metabolism due to defects in complex V also show a pronounced lifespan extension, although not as dramatic as those fed the respiratory deficient Q-less E. coli diet. The data suggest that feeding respiratory incompetent E. coli, whether Q-less or Q-replete, produces a robust life extension in wild-type C. elegans. We believe that the fermentation-based metabolism of the E. coli diet is an important parameter of C. elegans longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Saiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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97
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Athyros VG, Kakafika AI, Tziomalos K, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP. CORONA, Statins, and Heart Failure: Who Lost the Crown? Angiology 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/00033197080590052102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna I. Kakafika
- Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece
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98
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Haas RH. The evidence basis for coenzyme Q therapy in oxidative phosphorylation disease. Mitochondrion 2007; 7 Suppl:S136-45. [PMID: 17485245 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The evidence supporting a treatment benefit for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in primary mitochondrial disease (mitochondrial disease) whilst positive is limited. Mitochondrial disease in this context is defined as genetic disease causing an impairment in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). There are no treatment trials achieving the highest Level I evidence designation. Reasons for this include the relative rarity of mitochondrial disease, the heterogeneity of mitochondrial disease, the natural cofactor status and easy 'over the counter availability' of CoQ10 all of which make funding for the necessary large blinded clinical trials unlikely. At this time the best evidence for efficacy comes from controlled trials in common cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases with mitochondrial and OXPHOS dysfunction the etiology of which is most likely multifactorial with environmental factors playing on a background of genetic predisposition. There remain questions about dosing, bioavailability, tissue penetration and intracellular distribution of orally administered CoQ10, a compound which is endogenously produced within the mitochondria of all cells. In some mitochondrial diseases and other commoner disorders such as cardiac disease and Parkinson's disease low mitochondrial or tissue levels of CoQ10 have been demonstrated providing an obvious rationale for supplementation. This paper discusses the current state of the evidence supporting the use of CoQ10 in mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Haas
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0935, USA.
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