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Brashears CB, Prudner BC, Rathore R, Caldwell KE, Dehner CA, Buchanan JL, Lange SE, Poulin N, Sehn JK, Roszik J, Spitzer D, Jones KB, O'Keefe R, Nielsen TO, Taylor EB, Held JM, Hawkins W, Van Tine BA. Malic Enzyme 1 Absence in Synovial Sarcoma Shifts Antioxidant System Dependence and Increases Sensitivity to Ferroptosis Induction with ACXT-3102. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3573-3589. [PMID: 35421237 PMCID: PMC9378556 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the metabolism of synovial sarcoma (SS) and elucidate the effect of malic enzyme 1 absence on SS redox homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ME1 expression was measured in SS clinical samples, SS cell lines, and tumors from an SS mouse model. The effect of ME1 absence on glucose metabolism was evaluated utilizing Seahorse assays, metabolomics, and C13 tracings. The impact of ME1 absence on SS redox homeostasis was evaluated by metabolomics, cell death assays with inhibitors of antioxidant systems, and measurements of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The susceptibility of ME1-null SS to ferroptosis induction was interrogated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS ME1 absence in SS was confirmed in clinical samples, SS cell lines, and an SS tumor model. Investigation of SS glucose metabolism revealed that ME1-null cells exhibit higher rates of glycolysis and higher flux of glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which is necessary to produce NADPH. Evaluation of cellular redox homeostasis demonstrated that ME1 absence shifts dependence from the glutathione system to the thioredoxin system. Concomitantly, ME1 absence drives the accumulation of ROS and labile iron. ROS and iron accumulation enhances the susceptibility of ME1-null cells to ferroptosis induction with inhibitors of xCT (erastin and ACXT-3102). In vivo xenograft models of ME1-null SS demonstrate significantly increased tumor response to ACXT-3102 compared with ME1-expressing controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the translational potential of targeting redox homeostasis in ME1-null cancers and establish the preclinical rationale for a phase I trial of ACXT-3102 in SS patients. See related commentary by Subbiah and Gan, p. 3408.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn B. Brashears
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bethany C. Prudner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richa Rathore
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katharine E. Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carina A. Dehner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jane L. Buchanan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sara E.S. Lange
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Neal Poulin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer K. Sehn
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason Roszik
- Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dirk Spitzer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin B. Jones
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Regis O'Keefe
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Orthopedics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Torsten O. Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric B. Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jason M. Held
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian A. Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Corresponding Author: Brian A. Van Tine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: 314-747-3096: E-mail:
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Wang Q, Huang J, Liu S, Wang C, Jin Y, Lai H, Tu W. Aberrant hepatic lipid metabolism associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis triggers hepatotoxicity of novel PFOS alternatives in adult zebrafish. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107351. [PMID: 35738203 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been reported to induce hepatotoxicity in wildlife and humans. Novel PFOS alternatives have been widely used following restrictions on PFOS, but little is known about their potential toxicity. Here, the first comprehensive investigation on the chronic hepatotoxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms of PFOS, 6:2Cl-PFESA (F-53B), and sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) was carried out on adult zebrafish through a histopathological examination, biochemical measurement, and multi-omics analysis. PFOS and its alternatives caused changes in liver histopathology and liver function indices in the order of F-53B > PFOS > OBS, which was consistent with their concentration in the liver. In silico modeling and transcriptional profiles suggested that the aberrant hepatic lipid metabolism induced by F-53B and PFOS was initiated by the action on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which triggered changes in downstream genes transcription and led to an imbalance between lipid synthesis and expenditure. Gut microbiome analysis provided another novel mechanistic perspective that changes in the abundance of Legionella, Ralstonia, Brevundimonas, Alphaproteobacteria, Plesiomonas, and Hyphomicrobium might link to alterations in the PPAR pathway based on their significant correlation. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by PFOS and its novel alternatives and highlights the need for concern about their environmental exposure risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Wang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Hong Lai
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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53
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Ren SC, Chen X, Gong H, Wang H, Wu C, Li PH, Chen XF, Qu JH, Tang X. SIRT6 in Vascular Diseases, from Bench to Bedside. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1015-1029. [PMID: 35855341 PMCID: PMC9286919 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a key risk factor for angiogenic dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and stroke. Members of the NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase family, sirtuins, are conserved regulators of aging and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The sirtuin SIRT6 is predominantly located in the nucleus and shows deacetylase activity for acetylated histone 3 lysine 56 and lysine 9 as well as for some non-histone proteins. Over the past decade, experimental analyses in rodents and non-human primates have demonstrated the critical role of SIRT6 in extending lifespan. Recent studies highlighted the pleiotropic protective actions of SIRT6 in angiogenesis and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, and stroke. Mechanistically, SIRT6 participates in vascular diseases via epigenetic regulation of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. Importantly, SIRT6 activators (e.g., MDL-800/MDL-811) have provided therapeutic value for treating age-related vascular disorders. Here, we summarized the roles of sirtuins in cardiovascular diseases; reviewed recent advances in the understanding of SIRT6 in vascular biology, cardiovascular aging, and diseases; highlighted its therapeutic potential; and discussed future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Chong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiangqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hui Gong
- The Lab of Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Pei-Heng Li
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jia-Hua Qu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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54
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Meng Q, Lu YX, Wei C, Wang ZX, Lin JF, Liao K, Luo XJ, Yu K, Han Y, Li JJ, Tan YT, Li H, Zeng ZL, Li B, Xu RH, Ju HQ. Arginine methylation of MTHFD1 by PRMT5 enhances anoikis resistance and cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2022; 41:3912-3924. [PMID: 35798877 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the major cause of cancer-related mortality. How disseminated tumor cells survive under suspension conditions and avoid anoikis is largely unknown. Here, using a metabolic enzyme-centered CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screen, we identified methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 (MTHFD1) as a novel suppressor of anoikis. MTHFD1 depletion obviously restrained the capacity of cellular antioxidant defense and inhibited tumor distant metastasis. Mechanistically, MTHFD1 was found to bind the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and then undergo symmetric dimethylation on R173 by PRMT5. Under suspension conditions, the interaction between MTHFD1 and PRMT5 was strengthened, which increased the symmetric dimethylation of MTHFD1. The elevated methylation of MTHFD1 largely augmented its metabolic activity to generate NADPH, therefore leading to anoikis resistance and distant organ metastasis. Therapeutically, genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 declined tumor distant metastasis. And R173 symmetric dimethylation status was associated with metastasis and prognosis of ESCC patients. In conclusion, our study uncovered a novel regulatory role and therapeutic implications of PRMT5/MTHFD1 axis in facilitating anoikis resistance and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yun-Xin Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zi-Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jin-Fei Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kun Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jing Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yue-Tao Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhao-Lei Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China. .,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Huai-Qiang Ju
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China. .,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 510060, Guangzhou, PR China.
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55
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CircME1 promotes aerobic glycolysis and sunitinib resistance of clear cell renal cell carcinoma through cis-regulation of ME1. Oncogene 2022; 41:3979-3990. [PMID: 35798876 PMCID: PMC9374592 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, their involvement in sunitinib resistance remains largely unknown. Herein, we identified a novel circRNA, named circME1, which contributes to sunitinib resistance development in ccRCC. CircME1 also promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells. Further mechanism analysis showed that circME1 interacted with U1 snRNP at the promoter of its parental gene ME1, thereby upregulating the expression of ME1, enhancing aerobic glycolysis of ccRCC, and promoting its malignant phenotype. Furthermore, ME1 specific inhibitor could effectively repress the oncogenic functions of circME1. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the circME1/ME1 pathway is involved in ccRCC progression and sunitinib resistance development, which may be exploited for anticancer therapy.
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56
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Ren C, Li X, Bai Y, Schroyen M, Zhang D. Phosphorylation and acetylation of glycolytic enzymes cooperatively regulate their activity and lamb meat quality. Food Chem 2022; 397:133739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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57
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Wu C, Feng ML, Jiao TW, Sun MJ. Clinical and prognostic significance of expression of phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 and Parkin in advanced colorectal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:4368-4379. [PMID: 35663086 PMCID: PMC9125282 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i14.4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs targeting mitochondria can induce mitophagy and restrain proliferation in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5) activates serine/threonine PTEN-induced putative kinase 1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy. However, there are few studies on the clinical and prognostic significance of expression of PGAM5 protein and mitophagy-related protein Parkin in patients. AIM To assess the clinical significance of PGAM5 and Parkin proteins, as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, by studying their expression in advanced CRC tissues and their association with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS The expression of PGAM5 and Parkin in CRC tissues from 100 patients was determined by immunohistochemistry. Each case was evaluated by using a combined scoring method based on signal intensity staining (scored 0-3) and the proportion of positively stained cancer cells (scored 0-4). The final staining score was calculated as the intensity score multiplied by the proportion score. Specimens were categorized as either high or low expression according to the Youden index, and the association between the expression of PGAM5 or Parkin and clinicopathological factors was ascertained. Additionally, we employed western blot to measure PGAM5 and Parkin protein expression in six matched pairs of CRC and adjacent non-tumor tissues. RESULTS Immunohistochemical and western blot findings showed that both PGAM5 and Parkin protein expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues: PGAM5 and Parkin were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of colonic epithelial cells. PGAM5 and Parkin protein levels were significantly positively correlated in advanced CRC tissues. Moreover, reduced Parkin protein expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and progression-free survival in CRC patients as evinced by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION The expression of PGAM5 protein and mitophagy-related protein Parkin has diagnostic significance for CRC and may become new biomarkers. Parkin may be a potential marker for the survival of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wu
- Department of Endoscope, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming-Liang Feng
- Department of Endoscope, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tai-Wei Jiao
- Department of Endoscope, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming-Jun Sun
- Department of Endoscope, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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58
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Varga JK, Diffley K, Welker Leng KR, Fierke CA, Schueler-Furman O. Structure-based prediction of HDAC6 substrates validated by enzymatic assay reveals determinants of promiscuity and detects new potential substrates. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1788. [PMID: 35110592 PMCID: PMC8810773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases play important biological roles well beyond the deacetylation of histone tails. In particular, HDAC6 is involved in multiple cellular processes such as apoptosis, cytoskeleton reorganization, and protein folding, affecting substrates such as ɑ-tubulin, Hsp90 and cortactin proteins. We have applied a biochemical enzymatic assay to measure the activity of HDAC6 on a set of candidate unlabeled peptides. These served for the calibration of a structure-based substrate prediction protocol, Rosetta FlexPepBind, previously used for the successful substrate prediction of HDAC8 and other enzymes. A proteome-wide screen of reported acetylation sites using our calibrated protocol together with the enzymatic assay provide new peptide substrates and avenues to novel potential functional regulatory roles of this promiscuous, multi-faceted enzyme. In particular, we propose novel regulatory roles of HDAC6 in tumorigenesis and cancer cell survival via the regulation of EGFR/Akt pathway activation. The calibration process and comparison of the results between HDAC6 and HDAC8 highlight structural differences that explain the established promiscuity of HDAC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Varga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, POB 12272, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kelsey Diffley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katherine R Welker Leng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carol A Fierke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, POB 12272, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Lysine Acetylation, Cancer Hallmarks and Emerging Onco-Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020346. [PMID: 35053509 PMCID: PMC8773583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Several histone deacetylase inhibitors have been approved by FDA for cancer treatment. Intensive efforts have been devoted to enhancing its anti-cancer efficacy by combining it with various other agents. Yet, no guideline is available to assist in the choice of candidate drugs for combination towards optimal solutions for different clinical problems. Thus, it is imperative to characterize the primary cancer hallmarks that lysine acetylation is associated with and gain knowledge on the key cancer features that each combinatorial onco-therapeutic modality targets to aid in the combinatorial onco-therapeutic design. Cold atmospheric plasma represents an emerging anti-cancer modality via manipulating cellular redox level and has been demonstrated to selectively target several cancer hallmarks. This review aims to delineate the intrinsic connections between lysine acetylation and cancer properties, and forecast opportunities histone deacetylase inhibitors may have when combined with cold atmospheric plasma as novel precision onco-therapies. Abstract Acetylation, a reversible epigenetic process, is implicated in many critical cellular regulatory systems including transcriptional regulation, protein structure, activity, stability, and localization. Lysine acetylation is the most prevalent and intensively investigated among the diverse acetylation forms. Owing to the intrinsic connections of acetylation with cell metabolism, acetylation has been associated with metabolic disorders including cancers. Yet, relatively little has been reported on the features of acetylation against the cancer hallmarks, even though this knowledge may help identify appropriate therapeutic strategies or combinatorial modalities for the effective treatment and resolution of malignancies. By examining the available data related to the efficacy of lysine acetylation against tumor cells and elaborating the primary cancer hallmarks and the associated mechanisms to target the specific hallmarks, this review identifies the intrinsic connections between lysine acetylation and cancer hallmarks and proposes novel modalities that can be combined with HDAC inhibitors for cancer treatment with higher efficacy and minimum adverse effects.
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60
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Zhu Y, Gu L, Lin X, Zhou X, Lu B, Liu C, Lei C, Zhou F, Zhao Q, Prochownik EV, Li Y. USP19 exacerbates lipogenesis and colorectal carcinogenesis by stabilizing ME1. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110174. [PMID: 34965422 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipogenesis plays a critical role in colorectal carcinogenesis, but precisely how remains unclear. Here, we show that ERK2 phosphorylates ME1 at T103, thereby inhibiting its polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation and enhancing its interaction with USP19. USP19 antagonizes RNF1-mediated ME1 degradation by deubiquitination, which in turn promotes lipid metabolism and NADPH production and suppresses ROS. Meanwhile, ROS dramatically increases PD-L1 mRNA levels through accelerating expression of the transcription factor NRF2. Increased lipid metabolism is correlated with ERK2 activity and colorectal carcinogenesis in human patients. Therefore, the combination of ERK2 inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 antibody significantly inhibits spontaneous and chemically induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Collectively, the USP19-ME1 axis plays a vital role in colorectal carcinogenesis and may also provide a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Li Gu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bingjun Lu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Caoqi Lei
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center and The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Youjun Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Zhu Y, Gu L, Lin X, Zhang J, Tang Y, Zhou X, Lu B, Lin X, Liu C, Prochownik EV, Li Y. Ceramide-mediated gut dysbiosis enhances cholesterol esterification and promotes colorectal tumorigenesis in mice. JCI Insight 2021; 7:150607. [PMID: 34914638 PMCID: PMC8855812 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) severely threatens human health and life span. An effective therapeutic strategy has not been established because we do not clearly know its pathogenesis. Here, we report that ceramide and sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) have roles in both spontaneous and chemical-induced intestinal cancers. We first found that miRNA-148a deficiency dramatically increased mouse gut dysbiosis through upregulating ceramide synthase 5 (Cers5) expression, which promoted ceramide synthesis afterward. The newly generated ceramide further promoted both azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate–induced (AOM/DSS-induced) and ApcMin/+ spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis via increasing mouse gut dysbiosis. Meanwhile, increased level of ceramide correlated with the significant enhancements of both β-catenin activity and colorectal tumorigenesis in a TLR4-dependent fashion. Next, we found a direct binding of β-catenin to SOAT1 promoter to activate transcriptional expression of SOAT1, which further induced cholesterol esterification and colorectal tumorigenesis. In human patients with CRC, the same CERS5/TLR4/β-catenin/SOAT1 axis was also found to be dysregulated. Finally, the SOAT1 inhibitor (avasimibe) showed significant levels of therapeutic effects on both AOM/DSS-induced and ApcMin/+ spontaneous intestinal cancer. Our study clarified that ceramide promoted CRC development through increasing gut dysbiosis, further resulting in the increase of cholesterol esterification in a SOAT1-dependent way. Treatment with avasimibe to specifically decrease cholesterol esterification could be considered as a clinical strategy for effective CRC therapy in a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmiao Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingjun Lu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingrong Lin
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Youjun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yang C, Huang S, Cao F, Zheng Y. A lipid metabolism-related genes prognosis biomarker associated with the tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1182. [PMID: 34740325 PMCID: PMC8571885 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Lipid metabolic reprogramming is considered to be a new hallmark of malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to explore the expression profiles of lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRG) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The lipid metabolism statuses of 500 CRC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 523 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO GSE39582) database were analyzed. The risk signature was constructed by univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. Results A novel four-LMRG signature (PROCA1, CCKBR, CPT2, and FDFT1) was constructed to predict clinical outcomes in CRC patients. The risk signature was shown to be an independent prognostic factor for CRC and was associated with tumour malignancy. Principal components analysis demonstrated that the risk signature could distinguish between low- and high-risk patients. There were significantly differences in abundances of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and mutational landscape between the two risk groups. Patients in the low-risk group were more likely to have higher tumor mutational burden, stem cell characteristics, and higher PD-L1 expression levels. Furthermore, a genomic-clinicopathologic nomogram was established and shown to be a more effective risk stratification tool than any clinical parameter alone. Conclusions This study demonstrated the prognostic value of LMRG and showed that they may be partially involved in the suppressive immune microenvironment formation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08902-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 ZhangZhiDong Street Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuoyang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 ZhangZhiDong Street Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyu Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 ZhangZhiDong Street Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 ZhangZhiDong Street Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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63
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Zhang S, Cheng ZM, Yu JL, Lu K, Xu SJ, Lu Y, Liu T, Xia BJ, Huang Z, Zhao XY, He W, Li JX, Cao W, Huang Y, Wang L, Zeng Z, Zou X, Liu R, Zhang YS, Wu XP, Jiang TP, Zhou S. Malic enzyme 2 promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via increasing triglyceride production. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6795-6806. [PMID: 34427987 PMCID: PMC8495273 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are gradually increasing during the past years. Recently, some studies have reported that malic enzyme (ME) plays an important role in cancer development, while the involvement of ME2 in HCC remains still undetermined. Here, we demonstrated that ME2 played an oncogenic role in HCC. ME2 was overexpressed in HCC tissues. TCGA database showed that the ME2 transcript level was inversely associated with the survival of HCC patients. Loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function assays showed that ME2 promoted HCC cell growth and migration. Furthermore, the xenografted tumorigenesis of MHCC97H cells was retarded by ME2 knockdown. ME2 silencing also suppressed the cell cycle process and induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, ME2 potentiated triglyceride synthesis, inhibition of which suppressed the proliferation and migration. We propose that ME2 promotes HCC progression by increasing triglyceride production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Cheng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia-Li Yu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bai-Juan Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu-Ya Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xun Zou
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu-Sui Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tian-Peng Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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A network-based approach to identify protein kinases critical for regulating srebf1 in lipid deposition causing obesity. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:557-570. [PMID: 34327622 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a rapidly growing health pandemic, underlying a wide variety of disease conditions leading to increases in global mortality. It is known that the phosphorylation of various proteins regulates sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factors 1 (srebf1), a key lipogenic transcription factor, to cause the development of obesity. To detect the key protein kinases for regulating srebf1 in lipid deposition, we established the srebf1 knockout model in zebrafish (KO, srebf1-/-) by CRISPR/Cas9. The KO zebrafish exhibited a significant reduction of total free fatty acid content (fell 60.5%) and lipid deposition decrease compared with wild-type (WT) zebrafish. Meanwhile, srebf1 deletion in zebrafish eliminated lipid deposition induced by high-fat diet feeding. Compared with WT zebrafish, a total of 697 differentially expressed proteins and 316 differentially expressed phosphoproteins with 439 sites were identified in KO by differential proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses. A significant number of proteins identified were involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Moreover, some protein kinases critical for regulating srebf1 in lipid deposition, including Cdk2, Pkc, Prkceb, mTORC1, Mapk12, and Wnk1, were determined by network analyses. An in vitro study was performed to verify the network analysis results. Our findings provide potential targets (kinases) for human obesity treatments.
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65
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Ying M, You D, Zhu X, Cai L, Zeng S, Hu X. Lactate and glutamine support NADPH generation in cancer cells under glucose deprived conditions. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102065. [PMID: 34293554 PMCID: PMC8321918 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although glucose, through pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), is the main source to generate NADPH, solid tumors are often deprived of glucose, hence alternative metabolic pathways to maintain NADPH homeostasis in cancer cells are required. Here, we report that lactate and glutamine support NADPH production via isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and malic enzyme 1 (ME1), respectively, under glucose-deprived conditions. Isotopic tracing demonstrates that lactate participates in the formation of isocitrate. Malate derived from glutamine in mitochondria shuttles to cytosol to produce NADPH. In cells cultured in the absence of glucose, knockout of IDH1 and ME1 decreases NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSG, increases ROS level and facilitates cell necrosis. In 4T1 murine breast tumors, knockout of ME1 retards tumor growth in vivo, with combined ME1/IDH1 knockout more strongly suppressing tumor growth. Our findings reveal two alternative NADPH-producing pathways that cancer cells use to resist glucose starvation, reflecting the metabolic plasticity and flexibility of cancer cells adapting to nutrition stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfeng Ying
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Duo You
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Limeng Cai
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siying Zeng
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Prochownik EV, Wang H. The Metabolic Fates of Pyruvate in Normal and Neoplastic Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040762. [PMID: 33808495 PMCID: PMC8066905 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate occupies a central metabolic node by virtue of its position at the crossroads of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and its production and fate being governed by numerous cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The former includes the cell’s type, redox state, ATP content, metabolic requirements and the activities of other metabolic pathways. The latter include the extracellular oxygen concentration, pH and nutrient levels, which are in turn governed by the vascular supply. Within this context, we discuss the six pathways that influence pyruvate content and utilization: 1. The lactate dehydrogenase pathway that either converts excess pyruvate to lactate or that regenerates pyruvate from lactate for use as a fuel or biosynthetic substrate; 2. The alanine pathway that generates alanine and other amino acids; 3. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex pathway that provides acetyl-CoA, the TCA cycle’s initial substrate; 4. The pyruvate carboxylase reaction that anaplerotically supplies oxaloacetate; 5. The malic enzyme pathway that also links glycolysis and the TCA cycle and generates NADPH to support lipid bio-synthesis; and 6. The acetate bio-synthetic pathway that converts pyruvate directly to acetate. The review discusses the mechanisms controlling these pathways, how they cross-talk and how they cooperate and are regulated to maximize growth and achieve metabolic and energetic harmony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- The Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(412)-692-6795
| | - Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
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Simmen FA, Alhallak I, Simmen RCM. Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) in the biology of cancer: it is not just intermediary metabolism. J Mol Endocrinol 2020; 65:R77-R90. [PMID: 33064660 PMCID: PMC7577320 DOI: 10.1530/jme-20-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the conversion of malate to pyruvate while concomitantly generating NADPH from NADP. Early studies identified ME1 as a mediator of intermediary metabolism primarily through its participatory roles in lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis. ME1 was one of the first identified insulin-regulated genes in liver and adipose and is a transcriptional target of thyroxine. Multiple studies have since documented that ME1 is pro-oncogenic in numerous epithelial cancers. In tumor cells, the reduction of ME1 gene expression or the inhibition of its activity resulted in decreases in proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and in vitro migration, and conversely, in promotion of oxidative stress, apoptosis and/or cellular senescence. Here, we integrate recent findings to highlight ME1's role in oncogenesis, provide a rationale for its nexus with metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and raise the prospects of targeting the cytosolic NADPH network to improve therapeutic approaches against multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Simmen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Rosalia C M Simmen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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68
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DeBlasi JM, DeNicola GM. Dissecting the Crosstalk between NRF2 Signaling and Metabolic Processes in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3023. [PMID: 33080927 PMCID: PMC7603127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 or NFE2L2) plays a critical role in response to cellular stress. Following an oxidative insult, NRF2 orchestrates an antioxidant program, leading to increased glutathione levels and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mounting evidence now implicates the ability of NRF2 to modulate metabolic processes, particularly those at the interface between antioxidant processes and cellular proliferation. Notably, NRF2 regulates the pentose phosphate pathway, NADPH production, glutaminolysis, lipid and amino acid metabolism, many of which are hijacked by cancer cells to promote proliferation and survival. Moreover, deregulation of metabolic processes in both normal and cancer-based physiology can stabilize NRF2. We will discuss how perturbation of metabolic pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis, and autophagy can lead to NRF2 stabilization, and how NRF2-regulated metabolism helps cells deal with these metabolic stresses. Finally, we will discuss how the negative regulator of NRF2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), may play a role in metabolism through NRF2 transcription-independent mechanisms. Collectively, this review will address the interplay between the NRF2/KEAP1 complex and metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M. DeBlasi
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gina M. DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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NADPH homeostasis in cancer: functions, mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:231. [PMID: 33028807 PMCID: PMC7542157 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is an essential electron donor in all organisms, and provides the reducing power for anabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH homeostasis is regulated by varied signaling pathways and several metabolic enzymes that undergo adaptive alteration in cancer cells. The metabolic reprogramming of NADPH renders cancer cells both highly dependent on this metabolic network for antioxidant capacity and more susceptible to oxidative stress. Modulating the unique NADPH homeostasis of cancer cells might be an effective strategy to eliminate these cells. In this review, we summarize the current existing literatures on NADPH homeostasis, including its biological functions, regulatory mechanisms and the corresponding therapeutic interventions in human cancers, providing insights into therapeutic implications of targeting NADPH metabolism and the associated mechanism for cancer therapy.
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Bian X, Qian Y, Tan B, Li K, Hong X, Wong CC, Fu L, Zhang J, Li N, Wu JL. In-depth mapping carboxylic acid metabolome reveals the potential biomarkers in colorectal cancer through characteristic fragment ions and metabolic flux. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1128:62-71. [PMID: 32825913 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylic acid metabolome plays vital roles in the study of pathological mechanisms about cancer. This study aimed to find potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) using carboxylic acids profiling. However, the identification of much more carboxylic acids was limited due to poor ionization efficiency and lack of characteristic fragment ions. Derivatization-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which contains characteristic MS/MS fragments ions, were performed for carboxylic acid metabolomics analysis in CRC serum samples. 1054 carboxylic acids were quickly and selectively identified after extraction using three characteristic fragment ions and elucidation using the most suitable CE at 30 eV. Among them, 605 carboxylic acids exhibit discriminating levels between healthy and CRC patients in training cohort. Furthermore, the differential metabolites were found to be mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and TCA cycle by MetaboAnalyst and iPath analysis. Finally, serine, glycine, and methionine were determined as the potential biomarkers after further confirmation using validation cohort and in vitro metabolic flux analysis. The above results collectively demonstrated that a new set of carboxylic acids can be quickly and selectively discovered using characteristic fragment ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binbin Tan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology and Carson International Cancer Research Centre, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Kai Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xufen Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology and Carson International Cancer Research Centre, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.
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Hu M, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Tang Q, Feng Z, Ni J, Zhou X. DRP1 promotes lactate utilization in KRAS-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3588-3599. [PMID: 32767829 PMCID: PMC7540982 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alterations are well documented in various cancers. Non‐small‐cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) preferentially use lactate as the primary carbon source, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We developed a lactate‐dependent cell proliferation assay and found that dynamin‐related protein (DRP1), which is highly expressed in KRAS‐mutant NSCLC, is required for tumor cells to proliferate and uses lactate as fuel, demonstrating the critical role of DRP1 in the metabolic reprogramming of NSCLC. Metabolic and transcriptional profiling suggests that DRP1 orchestrates a supportive metabolic network to promote lactate utilization and redox homeostasis in lung cancer cells. DRP1 suppresses the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protects cells against oxidative damage by enhancing lactate utilization. Moreover, targeting DRP1 not only reduces HSP90 expression but also enhances ROS‐induced HSP90 cleavage, thus inhibiting activation of mitogen activated protein kinase and PI3K pathways and leading to suppressed lactate utilization and increased ROS‐induced cell death. Taken together, these results suggest that DRP1 is a crucial regulator of lactate metabolism and redox homeostasis in KRAS‐mutant lung cancer, and that targeting lactate utilization by modulating DRP1 activity might be an effective treatment for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangze Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuejiao Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qianru Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ziqin Feng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
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Liu C, Cao J, Lin S, Zhao Y, Zhu M, Tao Z, Hu X. Malic Enzyme 1 Indicates Worse Prognosis in Breast Cancer and Promotes Metastasis by Manipulating Reactive Oxygen Species. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8735-8747. [PMID: 32922044 PMCID: PMC7457736 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s256970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) catalyzes malate to pyruvate and thus promotes glycolysis. Its function in breast cancer remains to be fully clarified. The aim of this work was to investigate the prognostic value of ME1 and its possible mechanism in breast cancer. Methods We evaluated ME1 expression in 220 early breast cancer patients with tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry and explored the relationships between ME1 expression and clinicopathological features. Survival analyses were further performed to determine its prognostic value. The public database was used to confirm tissue microarray results. Further, cell proliferation, migration, invasion ability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined in breast cancer cells. Results In breast cancer tissues, high ME1 expression was significantly associated with larger tumor size, higher incidence of lymph node metastasis and higher incidence of lymph-vascular invasion. High ME1 expression significantly correlated with worse recurrence-free survival (RFS), and was an independent prognostic factor for RFS, which was confirmed by mRNA results in the public database. In vitro, upregulation of ME1 by transfecting MCF-7 cells with virus vector remarkably enhanced viability, motility and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and decreased ROS levels, whereas knockdown in MDA-MB-468 cells produced totally opposite effects as expected. When pretreated with oxidizing agent, MCF-7 cells overexpressing ME1 lost its motility, whereas MDA-MB-468 cells with knockdown of ME1 restored its motility when pretreated with antioxidant. Conclusion To our knowledge, these clinical and experiment works first suggested that ME1 may be a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for breast cancer metastasis, and its biological effect is mainly controlled by manipulating ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuchen Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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