51
|
Wang MJ, Chen J, Chen F, Liu Q, Sun Y, Yan C, Yang T, Bao Y, Hu YP. Rejuvenating Strategies of Tissue-specific Stem Cells for Healthy Aging. Aging Dis 2019; 10:871-882. [PMID: 31440391 PMCID: PMC6675530 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although aging is a physiological process, it has raised interest in the science of aging and rejuvenation because of the increasing burden on the rapidly aging global population. With advanced age, there is a decline in homeostatic maintenance and regenerative responsiveness to the injury of various tissues, thereby contributing to the incidence of age-related diseases. The primary cause of the functional declines that occur along with aging is considered to be the exhaustion of stem cell functions in their corresponding tissues. Age-related changes in the systemic environment, the niche, and stem cells contribute to this loss. Thus, the reversal of stem cell aging at the cellular level might lead to the rejuvenation of the animal at an organismic level and the prevention of aging, which would be critical for developing new therapies for age-related dysfunction and diseases. Here, we will explore the effects of aging on stem cells in different tissues. The focus of this discussion is on pro-youth interventions that target intrinsic stem cell properties, environmental niche component, systemic factors, and senescent cellular clearance, which are promising for developing strategies related to the reversal of aged stem cell function and optimizing tissue repair processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jun Wang
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fei Chen
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qinggui Liu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Sun
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chen Yan
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tao Yang
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yiwen Bao
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,2Department of Diagnostic radiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Lemaître J, Pavard S, Giraudeau M, Vincze O, Jennings G, Hamede R, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Eco‐evolutionary perspectives of the dynamic relationships linking senescence and cancer. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐François Lemaître
- Université de Lyon, F‐69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Samuel Pavard
- Unité Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS 7206 Université Paris Diderot Paris France
| | | | - Orsolya Vincze
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Ecology Group Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
- Department of Tisza Research MTA Centre for Ecological Research Debrecen Hungary
| | - Geordie Jennings
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
- School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
- School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Constantinou J, Sullivan J, Mirbahai L. Ageing differently: Sex-dependent ageing rates in Daphnia magna. Exp Gerontol 2019; 121:33-45. [PMID: 30922945 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is defined as the gradual decline of normal physiological functions in a time-dependent manner. Significant progress has been made in characterising the regulatory processes involved in the mechanisms of ageing which would have been hindered without the use of model organisms. Use of alternative model organisms greatly diversifies our understanding of different factors underpinning the ageing process and the potential translation for human application. Unique characteristics make Daphnia an attractive model organism for research into mechanisms underlying ageing, such as transparent body, short generation time, well-characterised methylome, regenerative capabilities and available naturally occurring ecotypes. Most interestingly, genetically identical female and male Daphnia have evolved different average lifespans, providing a unique opportunity for understanding the underlying mechanisms of ageing and regulation of lifespan. Investigating sex differences in longevity could provide insight into principal mechanisms of ageing and lifespan regulation. In this study we provide evidence in support of establishing genetically identical female and male Daphnia as unique and valuable resources for research into mechanisms of ageing and begin to delineate the mechanisms involved in sex differences in lifespan. We identify significant differences between genders in physiological markers such as lifespan, growth rate, heart rate and swimming speed in addition to molecular markers such as lipid peroxidation product accumulation, thiol content decline and age-dependent decline in DNA damage repair efficiency. Overall, our data indicates that investigating sex differences in longevity in the clonal organism Daphnia under controlled laboratory conditions can provide insight into principal mechanisms of ageing and lifespan regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Constantinou
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jack Sullivan
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Leda Mirbahai
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Mota MP, Dos Santos ZA, Soares JFP, de Fátima Pereira A, João PV, O'Neil Gaivão I, Oliveira MM. Intervention with a combined physical exercise training to reduce oxidative stress of women over 40 years of age. Exp Gerontol 2019; 123:1-9. [PMID: 31102617 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training has been shown to be one of the most important lifestyle factor for improving functional performance and health status. Nevertheless, and although some evidence exists about the effects of aerobic training on oxidative stress, there is scarce information concerning the effects of combined exercise training (aerobic and strength training) in oxidative stress. Considering this, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of a combined exercise training in oxidative stress parameters of women over 40 years of age. At baseline, 67 women enrolled in the study and were divided into three groups: younger group (YG, n = 28: 40 to 49 years), middle-aged group (MAG, n = 21: 50 to 59 years) and oldest group (OG, n = 18: above 60 years). These women engaged in a combined exercise training program for 16 weeks, 3 sessions of 60 min per week. At the end of the program, only 31 women (YG: 15; MAG: 8 and OG: 8) were remained in the study and were considered for analysis. Physical assessments (weight, height, body mass index and waist circumference), health and functional parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fitness tests: supine, latissimus, squat jump, 8 foot up and go test, 30 second chair stand test, and 6 min walk test) and measures of DNA damage (DNA SBs, DNA netFPG), lipid peroxidation (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase activity (CAT) were performed before and after the 16-week intervention with combined exercise. The results showed an improvement of overall physical and functional performance as well as a significant decrease in waist perimeter and systolic blood pressure after the exercise program intervention. Regarding the biochemical measures, the exercise training induced a significant decrease in oxidative damage, and a significant increase in the TAC (p < 0.05). The results indicate that combined exercise training induces benefits in functional capacity and reduce damage caused by oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Mota
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge Frederico Pinto Soares
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana de Fátima Pereira
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Research Center in Education, CIEF-IPS, Polythecnic Institute of Setubal, Estefanilha, P-2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Vicente João
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel O'Neil Gaivão
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center, CECAV, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel Oliveira
- Chemistry Center of Vila Real, CQVR, UTAD, Quinta Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Boteva E, Mironova R. Maillard reaction and aging: can bacteria shed light on the link? BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1590160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elitsa Boteva
- Department of Gene Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology ‘Roumen Tsanev’, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Roumyana Mironova
- Department of Gene Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology ‘Roumen Tsanev’, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Hillson O, Gonzalez S, Rallis C. Prospects of Pharmacological Interventions to Organismal Aging. Biomol Concepts 2018; 9:200-215. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2018-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntense research in the areas of cellular and organismal aging using diverse laboratory model systems has enriched our knowledge in the processes and the signalling pathways involved in normal and pathological conditions. The field finds itself in a position to take decisive steps towards clinical applications and interventions not only for targeted age-related diseases such as cardiovascular conditions and neurodegeneration but also for the modulation of health span and lifespan of a whole organism. Beyond nutritional interventions such as dietary restriction without malnutrition and various regimes of intermittent fasting, accumulating evidence provides promise for pharmacological interventions. The latter, mimic caloric or dietary restriction, tune cellular and organismal stress responses, affect the metabolism of microbiome with subsequent effects on the host or modulate repair pathways, among others. In this mini review, we summarise some of the evidence on drugs that can alter organismal lifespan and the prospects they might offer for promoting healthspan and delaying age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Hillson
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, E15 4LZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suam Gonzalez
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, E15 4LZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charalampos Rallis
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, E15 4LZ, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
|
58
|
Hamann L, Ruiz-Moreno JS, Szwed M, Mossakowska M, Lundvall L, Schumann RR, Opitz B, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M. STING SNP R293Q Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Aging-Related Diseases. Gerontology 2018; 65:145-154. [PMID: 30368497 DOI: 10.1159/000492972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a multifactorial process driven by several conditions. Among them, inflamm-aging is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation driving aging-related diseases. The aged immune system is characterized by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, resulting in the release of proinflammatory cytokines contributing to inflamm-aging. Another possible mechanism resulting in inflamm-aging could be the increased release of danger- associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by increased cell death in the elderly, leading to a chronic low-grade inflammatory response. Several pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are involved in recognition of DAMPs. The DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway plays a pivotal role in combating viral and bacterial infections and recognizes DNA released by cell death during the process of aging, which in turn may result in increased inflamm-aging. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether a variation within the STING gene with known impaired function may be associated with protection from aging-related diseases by decreasing the process of inflamm-aging. METHODS STING (Tmem173) R293Q was genotyped in a cohort of 3,397 aged subjects (65-103 years). The distribution of the variant allele in healthy subjects and subjects suffering from aging-associated diseases was compared by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We show here that STING 293Q allele carriers were protected from aging-associated diseases (OR = 0.823, p = 0.038). This effect was much stronger in the subgroup of subjects suffering from chronic lung diseases (OR = 0.730, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that decreased sensitivity of the innate immune receptors is associated with healthy aging, most likely due to a decreased process of inflamm-aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Hamann
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Charité - University Medical Center, Berlin,
| | - Juan S Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Szwed
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Mossakowska
- PolSenior Project, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Linn Lundvall
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Charité - University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf R Schumann
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Charité - University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Zhang G, Zheng S, Feng Y, Shen G, Xiong S, Du H. Changes in Nutrient Profile and Antioxidant Activities of Different Fish Soups, Before and After Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081965. [PMID: 30082651 PMCID: PMC6222540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different kinds of freshwater fish soups show a diverse range of health functions, due to their different nutritional substances and corresponding bioactivities. In the current study, in order to learn the theoretical basis of the potential role fish soup plays in diet therapy functions, the changes of nutrient profiles and antioxidant activities in crucian carp soup and snakehead soup (before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion) were investigated, such as chemical composition, free amino acids, mineral and fatty acid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating activity, hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity and the reducing power effect. Results show that the content of mineral elements in snakehead fish soup was significantly higher than that of crucian carp soup, especially for the contents of Ca, Zn, Fe. The content of total amino acid (TAA) of crucian carp soup (82.51 mg/100 mL) was much higher than that of snakehead fish soup (47.54 mg/100 mL) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of crucian carp soup was stronger than that of snakehead soup. The intensive profiles of nutritional composition and antioxidant activities of these two kinds of fish soups were expected to partly provide the theoretical basis of therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shujian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuqi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shanbai Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hongying Du
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg H, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD. Hsp90 inhibitors as senolytic drugs to extend healthy aging. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1048-1055. [PMID: 29886783 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1475828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive decay of biological systems and although it is not considered a disease, it is one of the main risk factors for chronic diseases and many types of cancers. The accumulation of senescent cells in various tissues is thought to be a major factor contributing to aging and age-related diseases. Removal of senescent cells during aging by either genetic or therapeutic methods have led to an improvement of several age related disease in mice. In this preview, we highlight the significance of developing senotherapeutic approaches to specifically kill senescent cells (senolytics) or suppress the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that drives sterile inflammation (senomorphics) associated with aging to extend healthspan and potentially lifespan. Also, we provide an overview of the senotherapeutic drugs identified to date. In particular, we discuss and expand upon the recent identification of inhibitors of the HSP90 co-chaperone as a new class of senolytics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and The Center on Aging , The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter , FL , USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and The Center on Aging , The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter , FL , USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and The Center on Aging , The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter , FL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Tonoyama Y, Shinya M, Toyoda A, Kitano T, Oga A, Nishimaki T, Katsumura T, Oota H, Wan MT, Yip BWP, Helen MOL, Chisada S, Deguchi T, Au DWT, Naruse K, Kamei Y, Taniguchi Y. Abnormal nuclear morphology is independent of longevity in a zmpste24-deficient fish model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 209:54-62. [PMID: 29567411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lamin is an intermediate protein underlying the nuclear envelope and it plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the nucleus. A defect in the processing of its precursor by a metalloprotease, ZMPSTE24, results in the accumulation of farnesylated prelamin in the nucleus and causes various diseases, including Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). However, the role of lamin processing is unclear in fish species. Here, we generated zmpste24-deficient medaka and evaluated their phenotype. Unlike humans and mice, homozygous mutants did not show growth defects or lifespan shortening, despite lamin precursor accumulation. Gonadosomatic indices, blood glucose levels, and regenerative capacity of fins were similar in 1-year-old mutants and their wild-type (WT) siblings. Histological examination showed that the muscles, subcutaneous fat tissues, and gonads were normal in the mutants at the age of 1 year. However, the mutants showed hypersensitivity to X-ray irradiation, although p53target genes, p21 and mdm2, were induced 6 h after irradiation. Immunostaining of primary cultured cells from caudal fins and visualization of nuclei using H2B-GFP fusion proteins revealed an abnormal nuclear shape in the mutants both in vitro and in vivo. The telomere lengths were significantly shorter in the mutants compared to WT. Taken together, these results suggest that zmpste24-deficient medaka phenocopied HGPS only partially and that abnormal nuclear morphology and lifespan shortening are two independent events in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tonoyama
- Branch Laboratory of Gene Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 2 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Minori Shinya
- Department of Biology, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Atsunori Oga
- Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nishimaki
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0674, Japan
| | - Takafumi Katsumura
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0674, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oota
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0674, Japan
| | - Miles T Wan
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bill W P Yip
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mok O L Helen
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shinichi Chisada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tomonori Deguchi
- Advanced Genome Design Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Midorigaoka 1-8-31, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan
| | - Doris W T Au
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Taniguchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Genomic Approach to Understand the Association of DNA Repair with Longevity and Healthy Aging Using Genomic Databases of Oldest-Old Population. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2984730. [PMID: 29854078 PMCID: PMC5960555 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2984730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aged population is increasing worldwide due to the aging process that is inevitable. Accordingly, longevity and healthy aging have been spotlighted to promote social contribution of aged population. Many studies in the past few decades have reported the process of aging and longevity, emphasizing the importance of maintaining genomic stability in exceptionally long-lived population. Underlying reason of longevity remains unclear due to its complexity involving multiple factors. With advances in sequencing technology and human genome-associated approaches, studies based on population-based genomic studies are increasing. In this review, we summarize recent longevity and healthy aging studies of human population focusing on DNA repair as a major factor in maintaining genome integrity. To keep pace with recent growth in genomic research, aging- and longevity-associated genomic databases are also briefly introduced. To suggest novel approaches to investigate longevity-associated genetic variants related to DNA repair using genomic databases, gene set analysis was conducted, focusing on DNA repair- and longevity-associated genes. Their biological networks were additionally analyzed to grasp major factors containing genetic variants of human longevity and healthy aging in DNA repair mechanisms. In summary, this review emphasizes DNA repair activity in human longevity and suggests approach to conduct DNA repair-associated genomic study on human healthy aging.
Collapse
|
63
|
Albuquerque TAF, Drummond do Val L, Doherty A, de Magalhães JP. From humans to hydra: patterns of cancer across the tree of life. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1715-1734. [PMID: 29663630 PMCID: PMC6055669 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of multicellularity; it originates when cells become dysregulated due to mutations and grow out of control, invading other tissues and provoking discomfort, disability, and eventually death. Human life expectancy has greatly increased in the last two centuries, and consequently so has the incidence of cancer. However, how cancer patterns in humans compare to those of other species remains largely unknown. In this review, we search for clues about cancer and its evolutionary underpinnings across the tree of life. We discuss data from a wide range of species, drawing comparisons with humans when adequate, and interpret our findings from an evolutionary perspective. We conclude that certain cancers are uniquely common in humans, such as lung, prostate, and testicular cancer; while others are common across many species. Lymphomas appear in almost every animal analysed, including in young animals, which may be related to pathogens imposing selection on the immune system. Cancers unique to humans may be due to our modern environment or may be evolutionary accidents: random events in the evolution of our species. Finally, we find that cancer‐resistant animals such as whales and mole‐rats have evolved cellular mechanisms that help them avoid neoplasia, and we argue that there are multiple natural routes to cancer resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thales A F Albuquerque
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, SMHN Quadra 03 conjunto A, Bloco 1 Edifício Fepecs CEP 70, 710-907, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luisa Drummond do Val
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Room 281, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, U.K
| | - Aoife Doherty
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Room 281, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, U.K
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Room 281, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of ROS: New Insights on Aging and Aging-Related Diseases from Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Model Organisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1941285. [PMID: 29743972 PMCID: PMC5878877 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1941285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the accumulation of cellular damage over the course of a lifetime. This process is promoted in large part by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated via cellular metabolic and respiratory pathways. Pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and genetic interventions have been used to target cellular and mitochondrial networks in an effort to decipher aging and age-related disorders. While ROS historically have been viewed as a detrimental byproduct of normal metabolism and associated with several pathologies, recent research has revealed a more complex and beneficial role of ROS in regulating metabolism, development, and lifespan. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in ROS research, focusing on both the beneficial and harmful roles of ROS, many of which are conserved across species from bacteria to humans, in various aspects of cellular physiology. These studies provide a new context for our understanding of the parts ROS play in health and disease. Moreover, we highlight the utility of bacterial models to elucidate the molecular pathways by which ROS mediate aging and aging-related diseases.
Collapse
|
65
|
Röderer P, Klatt L, John F, Theis V, Winklhofer KF, Theiss C, Matschke V. Increased ROS Level in Spinal Cord of Wobbler Mice due to Nmnat2 Downregulation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8414-8424. [PMID: 29549647 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating motor neuron disease and to this day not curable. While 5-10% of patients inherit the disease (familiar ALS), up to 95% of patients are diagnosed with the sporadic form (sALS). ALS is characterized by the degeneration of upper motor neurons in the cerebral cortex and of lower motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. The wobbler mouse resembles almost all phenotypical hallmarks of human sALS patients and is therefore an excellent motor neuron disease model. The motor neuron disease of the wobbler mouse develops over a time course of around 40 days and can be divided into three phases: p0, presymptomatic; p20, early clinical; and p40, stable clinical phase. Recent findings suggest an essential implication of the NAD+-producing enzyme Nmnat2 in neurodegeneration as well as maintenance of healthy axons. Here, we were able to show a significant downregulation of both gene and protein expression of Nmnat2 in the spinal cord of the wobbler mice at the stable clinical phase. The product of the enzyme NAD+ is also significantly reduced, and the values of the reactive oxygen species are significantly increased in the spinal cord of the wobbler mouse at p40. Thus, the deregulated expression of Nmnat2 appears to have a great influence on the cellular stress in the spinal cord of wobbler mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Röderer
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lara Klatt
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix John
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verena Theis
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany. .,Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Building MA 5/52, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Cortese F, Klokov D, Osipov A, Stefaniak J, Moskalev A, Schastnaya J, Cantor C, Aliper A, Mamoshina P, Ushakov I, Sapetsky A, Vanhaelen Q, Alchinova I, Karganov M, Kovalchuk O, Wilkins R, Shtemberg A, Moreels M, Baatout S, Izumchenko E, de Magalhães JP, Artemov AV, Costes SV, Beheshti A, Mao XW, Pecaut MJ, Kaminskiy D, Ozerov IV, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Zhavoronkov A. Vive la radiorésistance!: converging research in radiobiology and biogerontology to enhance human radioresistance for deep space exploration and colonization. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14692-14722. [PMID: 29581875 PMCID: PMC5865701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While many efforts have been made to pave the way toward human space colonization, little consideration has been given to the methods of protecting spacefarers against harsh cosmic and local radioactive environments and the high costs associated with protection from the deleterious physiological effects of exposure to high-Linear energy transfer (high-LET) radiation. Herein, we lay the foundations of a roadmap toward enhancing human radioresistance for the purposes of deep space colonization and exploration. We outline future research directions toward the goal of enhancing human radioresistance, including upregulation of endogenous repair and radioprotective mechanisms, possible leeways into gene therapy in order to enhance radioresistance via the translation of exogenous and engineered DNA repair and radioprotective mechanisms, the substitution of organic molecules with fortified isoforms, and methods of slowing metabolic activity while preserving cognitive function. We conclude by presenting the known associations between radioresistance and longevity, and articulating the position that enhancing human radioresistance is likely to extend the healthspan of human spacefarers as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cortese
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreyan Osipov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Jakub Stefaniak
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jane Schastnaya
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Cantor
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Aliper
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, D. Rogachev Federal Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Mamoshina
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Computer Science Department, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Igor Ushakov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alex Sapetsky
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Quentin Vanhaelen
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina Alchinova
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Ecological Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Space Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Karganov
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Ecological Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Canada Cancer and Aging Research Laboratories, Ltd., Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation and Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrey Shtemberg
- Laboratory of Extreme Physiology, Institute of Medical and Biological Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Artem V. Artemov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Afshin Beheshti
- Wyle Laboratories, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Pecaut
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry Kaminskiy
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Deep Knowledge Life Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ivan V. Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Wiesmüller L, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Geiger H. Special section: Replication stress, a threat to the nuclear and mitochondrial genome. Mutat Res 2018; 808:53-55. [PMID: 29426566 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Germany,; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Germany,.
| | - Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Germany,; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Germany,.
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Germany,; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Germany,.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Jasiulionis MG. Abnormal Epigenetic Regulation of Immune System during Aging. Front Immunol 2018; 9:197. [PMID: 29483913 PMCID: PMC5816044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the study of mechanisms controlling the chromatin structure, which has fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression and genome stability. Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are established during embryonic development and epigenetic profiles are stably inherited during mitosis, ensuring cell differentiation and fate. Under the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as metabolic profile, hormones, nutrition, drugs, smoke, and stress, epigenetic marks are actively modulated. In this sense, the lifestyle may affect significantly the epigenome, and as a result, the gene expression profile and cell function. Epigenetic alterations are a hallmark of aging and diseases, such as cancer. Among biological systems compromised with aging is the decline of immune response. Different regulators of immune response have their promoters and enhancers susceptible to the modulation by epigenetic marks, which is fundamental to the differentiation and function of immune cells. Consistent evidence has showed the regulation of innate immune cells, and T and B lymphocytes by epigenetic mechanisms. Therefore, age-dependent alterations in epigenetic marks may result in the decline of immune function and this might contribute to the increased incidence of diseases in old people. In order to maintain health, we need to better understand how to avoid epigenetic alterations related to immune aging. In this review, the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to the loss of immune function during aging will be discussed, and the promise of new means of disease prevention and management will be pointed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam G Jasiulionis
- Laboratory of Ontogeny and Epigenetics, Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Patchsung M, Settayanon S, Pongpanich M, Mutirangura D, Jintarith P, Mutirangura A. Alu siRNA to increase Alu element methylation and prevent DNA damage. Epigenomics 2018; 10:175-185. [PMID: 29336607 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Global DNA hypomethylation promoting genomic instability leads to cancer and deterioration of human health with age. AIM To invent a biotechnology that can reprogram this process. METHODS We used Alu siRNA to direct Alu interspersed repetitive sequences methylation in human cells. We evaluated the correlation between DNA damage and Alu methylation levels. RESULTS We observed an inverse correlation between Alu element methylation and endogenous DNA damage in white blood cells. Cells transfected with Alu siRNA exhibited high Alu methylation levels, increased proliferation, reduced endogenous DNA damage and improved resistance to DNA damaging agents. CONCLUSION Alu methylation stabilizes the genome by preventing accumulation of DNA damage. Alu siRNA could be useful for evaluating reprograming of the global hypomethylation phenotype in cancer and aging cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maturada Patchsung
- Inter-Department Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirapat Settayanon
- Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monnat Pongpanich
- Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer & Human Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dharm Mutirangura
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer & Human Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornrutsami Jintarith
- Omics Sciences & Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer & Human Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Tropical Nutrition & Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
van Doeselaar S, Burgering BMT. FOXOs Maintaining the Equilibrium for Better or for Worse. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 127:49-103. [PMID: 29433740 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A paradigm shift is emerging within the FOXO field and accumulating evidence indicates that we need to reappreciate the role of FOXOs, at least in cancer development. Here, we discuss the possibility that FOXOs are both tumor suppressors as well as promoters of tumor progression. This is mostly dependent on the biological context. Critical to this dichotomous role is the notion that FOXOs are central in preserving cellular homeostasis in redox control, genomic stability, and protein turnover. From this perspective, a paradoxical role in both suppressing and enhancing tumor progression can be reconciled. As many small molecules targeting the PI3K pathway are developed by big pharmaceutical companies and/or are in clinical trial, we will discuss what the consequences may be for the context-dependent role of FOXOs in tumor development in treatment options based on active PI3K signaling in tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina van Doeselaar
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn M T Burgering
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed remarkable progress in our understanding of ageing. From an evolutionary standpoint it is generally accepted that ageing is a non-adaptive process which is underscored by a decrease in the force of natural selection with time. From a mechanistic perspective ageing is characterized by a wide variety of cellular mechanisms, including processes such as cellular senescence, telomere attrition, oxidative damage, molecular chaperone activity, and the regulation of biochemical pathways by sirtuins. These biological findings have been accompanied by an unrelenting rise in both life expectancy and the number of older people globally. However, despite age being recognized demographically as a risk factor for healthspan, the processes associated with ageing are routinely overlooked in disease mechanisms. Thus, a central goal of biogerontology is to understand how diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) are shaped by ageing. This challenge cannot be ignored because CVD is the main cause of morbidity in older people. A worthwhile way to examine how ageing intersects with CVD is to consider the effects ageing has on cholesterol metabolism, because dysregualted cholesterol metabolism is the key factor which underpins the pathology of CVD. The aim of this chapter is to outline a hypothesis which accounts for how ageing intersects with intracellular cholesterol metabolism. Moreover, we discuss the implications of this relationship for the onset of disease in the 'oldest old' (individuals ≥85 years of age). We conclude the chapter by discussing the important role mathematical modelling has to play in improving our understanding of cholesterol metabolism and ageing.
Collapse
|
72
|
Yu Q, Zhong C. Membrane Aging as the Real Culprit of Alzheimer's Disease: Modification of a Hypothesis. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:369-381. [PMID: 29177767 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies proposed that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a metabolic disorder and hypothesized that abnormal brain glucose metabolism inducing multiple pathophysiological cascades contributes to AD pathogenesis. Aging is one of the great significant risk factors for AD. Membrane aging is first prone to affect the function and structure of the brain by impairing glucose metabolism. We presume that risk factors of AD, including genetic factors (e.g., the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and genetic mutations) and non-genetic factors (such as fat, diabetes, and cardiac failure) accelerate biomembrane aging and lead to the onset and development of the disease. In this review, we further modify our previous hypothesis to demonstrate "membrane aging" as an initial pathogenic factor that results in functional and structural alterations of membranes and, consequently, glucose hypometabolism and multiple pathophysiological cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujian Yu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Abstract
Some plants can live for thousands of years, facing the problem of preventing accumulation of deleterious mutations. A recent study shows that massive tree stature requires surprisingly few stem cell divisions, and that the mutational load is not proportional to stature, but to branching order.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin P Groot
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Laux
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Abstract
In most developed countries, ageing of the population started more than a century ago and it seems to be emerged in a wide range of developing countries as well. Moreover, research into ageing has moved forward in extremely rapidly rhythms nowadays, and the scientific area is of great interest, as implications for nearly all sectors of society, including work, social, economic features, in addition to nutrition and health issues which are involved. The fragile elder population is affected and experienced more frequently infections than the younger population. Infections in elderly patients are of major medical importance because of hormonal changes, increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, abnormalities of the telomeres which could cause a dysfunction of the immune system called immunosenescence and malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Stavropoulou
- a CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Service des Urgences , rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne , Vaud , Switzerland
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- b Faculty of Agricultural Development , Department of Food Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Democritus University of Thrace , Orestiada , Greece
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Tian X, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Molecular Mechanisms Determining Lifespan in Short- and Long-Lived Species. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:722-734. [PMID: 28888702 PMCID: PMC5679293 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a global decline of physiological functions, leading to an increased susceptibility to diseases and ultimately death. Maximum lifespans differ up to 200-fold between mammalian species. Although considerable progress has been achieved in identifying conserved pathways that regulate individual lifespan within model organisms, whether the same pathways are responsible for the interspecies differences in longevity remains to be determined. Recent cross-species studies have begun to identify pathways responsible for interspecies differences in lifespan. Here, we review the evidence supporting the role of anticancer mechanisms, DNA repair machinery, insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling, and proteostasis in defining species lifespans. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the dramatic differences in lifespan between species will have a transformative effect on developing interventions to improve human health and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tian
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Bou Saada Y, Zakharova V, Chernyak B, Dib C, Carnac G, Dokudovskaya S, Vassetzky YS. Control of DNA integrity in skeletal muscle under physiological and pathological conditions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3439-3449. [PMID: 28444416 PMCID: PMC11107590 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly oxygen-consuming tissue that ensures body support and movement, as well as nutrient and temperature regulation. DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species is present in muscles and tends to accumulate with age. Here, we present a summary of data obtained on DNA damage and its implication in muscle homeostasis, myogenic differentiation and neuromuscular disorders. Controlled and transient DNA damage appears to be essential for muscular homeostasis and differentiation while uncontrolled and chronic DNA damage negatively affects muscle health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yara Bou Saada
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Vlada Zakharova
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117334, Russia
| | - Boris Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117334, Russia
| | - Carla Dib
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Gilles Carnac
- PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Svetlana Dokudovskaya
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Yegor S Vassetzky
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117334, Russia.
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, 117334, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Dobrzyńska MM, Pachocki KA, Owczarska K. DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood leucocytes of Polish blood donors. Mutagenesis 2017; 33:69-76. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata M Dobrzyńska
- Department of Radiation Hygiene and Radiobiology, National Institute of Public Health—National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof A Pachocki
- Department of Radiation Hygiene, Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Owczarska
- The Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Clinic of Diagnostic Oncology and Cardiooncology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Gangloff S, Arcangioli B. DNA repair and mutations during quiescence in yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2017; 17:fox002. [PMID: 28087675 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Life is maintained through alternating phases of cell division and quiescence. The causes and consequences of spontaneous mutations have been extensively explored in proliferating cells, and the major sources include errors of DNA replication and DNA repair. The foremost consequences are genetic variations within a cell population that can lead to heritable diseases and drive evolution. While most of our knowledge on DNA damage response and repair has been gained through cells actively dividing, it remains essential to also understand how DNA damage is metabolized in cells which are not dividing. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the type of lesions that arise in non-dividing budding and fission yeast cells, as well as the pathways used to repair them. We discuss the contribution of these models to our current understanding of age-related pathologies.
Collapse
|
79
|
Convergent adaptation of cellular machineries in the evolution of large body masses and long life spans. Biogerontology 2017; 18:485-497. [PMID: 28573417 PMCID: PMC5514201 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In evolutionary terms, life on the planet has taken the form of independently living cells for the majority of time. In comparison, the mammalian radiation is a relatively recent event. The common mammalian ancestor was probably small and short-lived. The “recent” acquisition of an extended longevity and large body mass of some species of mammals present on the earth today suggests the possibility that similar cellular mechanisms have been influenced by the forces of natural selection to create a convergent evolution of longevity. Many cellular mechanisms are potentially relevant for extending longevity; in this assay, we review the literature focusing primarily on two cellular features: (1) the capacity for extensive cellular proliferation of differentiated cells, while maintaining genome stability; and (2) the capacity to detect DNA damage. We have observed that longevity and body mass are both positively linked to these cellular mechanisms and then used statistical tools to evaluate their relative importance. Our analysis suggest that the capacity for extensive cellular proliferation while maintaining sufficient genome stability, correlates to species body mass while the capacity to correctly identify the presence of DNA damage seems more an attribute of long-lived species. Finally, our data are in support of the idea that a slower development, allowing for better DNA damage detection and handling, should associate with longer life span.
Collapse
|
80
|
Potukuchi A, Addepally U, Sindhu K, Manchala R. Increased total DNA damage and oxidative stress in brain are associated with decreased longevity in high sucrose diet fed WNIN/Gr-Ob obese rats. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:648-656. [PMID: 28569623 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1332509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) are chronic nutrient-related disorders that occur together and pose a grave burden to society. They are among the most common causes of ageing and death. Obesity and T2D per se accelerate ageing albeit the underlying mechanisms are unclear yet. Also, it is not clear whether or not superimposing T2D on obesity accelerates ageing. Present study validated the hypothesis, 'super-imposing T2D on obesity accelerates ageing' in WNIN/Gr-Ob, the impaired glucose tolerant, obese rat as the model and evaluated probable underlying mechanisms. OBJECTIVES To estimate the survival analysis of WNIN/Gr-Ob rats induced with T2D. To determine the extent of DNA damage and oxidative stress in the brain, the master controller of the body, in WNIN/Gr-Ob rats with/without high sucrose induced T2D/aggravation of insulin resistance (IR) after 3 and 6 months of feeding. METHODS T2D was induced/IR was aggravated by feeding high sucrose diet (HSD) to 9-10 weeks old, male WNIN/Gr-Ob rats. Survival percentage was determined statistically by Kaplan-Meier estimator. Neuronal DNA damage was quantified by the Comet assay while the oxidative stress and antioxidant status were evaluated from the levels of malonaldialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION HSD feeding decreased longevity of WNIN/Gr-Ob rats and was associated with significantly higher total neuronal DNA damage after three months of feeding but not later. In line with this was the increased neuronal oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and decreased antioxidant status (reduced glutathione and SOD activity) in HSD than Starch-based diet (SBD) fed rats. The results suggest that HSD feeding decreased the longevity of WNIN/Gr-Ob obese rats probably by increasing oxidative stress and aggravating IR, a condition that precedes T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Potukuchi
- a Endocrinology and Metabolism Division , National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) , Tarnaka, Hyderabad , 500007 , India
| | - Uma Addepally
- b Centre for Biotechnology, IST, JNTU (H) , Hyderabad , India
| | | | - Raghunath Manchala
- a Endocrinology and Metabolism Division , National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) , Tarnaka, Hyderabad , 500007 , India
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Oba A, Shimada S, Akiyama Y, Nishikawaji T, Mogushi K, Ito H, Matsumura S, Aihara A, Mitsunori Y, Ban D, Ochiai T, Kudo A, Asahara H, Kaida A, Miura M, Tanabe M, Tanaka S. ARID2 modulates DNA damage response in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Hepatol 2017; 66:942-951. [PMID: 28238438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent genomic studies have identified frequent mutations of AT-rich interactive domain 2 (ARID2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it is not still understood how ARID2 exhibits tumor suppressor activities. METHODS We established the ARID2 knockout human HCC cell lines by using CRISPR/Cas9 system, and investigated the gene expression profiles and biological functions. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis indicated that UV-response genes were negatively regulated in the ARID2 knockout cells, and they were sensitized to UV irradiation. ARID2 depletion attenuated nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA damage sites introduced by exposure to UV as well as chemical compounds known as carcinogens for HCC, benzo[a]pyrene and FeCl3, since xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group G (XPG) could not accumulate without ARID2. By using large-scale public data sets, we validated that ARID2 knockout could lead to similar molecular changes between in vitro and in vivo settings. A higher number of somatic mutations in the ARID2-mutated subtypes than that in the ARID2 wild-type across various types of cancers including HCC was observed. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that ARID2 knockout could contribute to disruption of NER process through inhibiting the recruitment of XPG, resulting in susceptibility to carcinogens and potential hypermutation. These findings have implications for therapeutic targets in cancers harboring ARID2 mutations. LAY SUMMARY Recent genomic studies have identified frequent mutations of ARID2, a component of the SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex, in hepatocellular carcinoma, but it is not still understood how ARID2 exhibits tumor suppressor activities. In current study, we provided evidence that ARID2 knockout could contribute to disruption of DNA repair process, resulting in susceptibility to carcinogens and potential hypermutation. These findings have far-reaching implications for therapeutic targets in cancers harboring ARID2 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Oba
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Nishikawaji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Ito
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsumura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arihiro Aihara
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mitsunori
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Ochiai
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kudo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaida
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Hou X, Snarski P, Higashi Y, Yoshida T, Jurkevich A, Delafontaine P, Sukhanov S. Nuclear complex of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and DNA repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease I protect smooth muscle cells against oxidant-induced cell death. FASEB J 2017; 31:3179-3192. [PMID: 28404743 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601082r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque destabilization is the major determinant of most acute coronary events. Smooth muscle cell (SMC) death contributes to plaque destabilization. Here, we describe a novel antiapoptotic mechanism in vascular SMCs that involves interaction of nuclear glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) with apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Ape1), the major oxidized DNA repair enzyme. GAPDH down-regulation potentiated H2O2-induced DNA damage and SMC apoptosis. Conversely, GAPDH overexpression decreased DNA damage and protected SMCs against apoptosis. Ape1 down-regulation reversed the resistance of GAPDH-overexpressing cells to DNA damage and apoptosis, which indicated that Ape1 is indispensable for GAPDH-dependent protective effects. GAPDH bound Ape1 in the SMC nucleus, and blocking (or oxidation) of GAPDH active site cysteines suppressed GAPDH/Ape1 interaction and potentiated apoptosis. GAPDH up-regulated Ape1 via a transcription factor homeobox protein Hox-A5-dependent mechanism. GAPDH levels were reduced in atherosclerotic plaque SMCs, and this effect correlated with oxidative stress and SMC apoptosis. Thus, we demonstrated that nuclear GAPDH/Ape1 interaction preserved Ape1 activity, reduced DNA damage, and prevented SMC apoptosis. Suppression of SMC apoptosis by maintenance of nuclear GAPDH/Ape1 interactions may be a novel therapy to increase atherosclerotic plaque stability.-Hou, X., Snarski, P., Higashi, Y., Yoshida, T., Jurkevich, A., Delafontaine, P., Sukhanov, S. Nuclear complex of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and DNA repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease I protect smooth muscle cells against oxidant-induced cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuwei Hou
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Patricia Snarski
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yusuke Higashi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Physiology and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Physiology and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexander Jurkevich
- Molecular Cytology Core, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Patrick Delafontaine
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Physiology and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sergiy Sukhanov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA; .,Department of Physiology and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Lucas ER, Augustyniak M, Kędziorski A, Keller L. Lifespan differences between queens and workers are not explained by rates of molecular damage. Exp Gerontol 2017; 92:1-6. [PMID: 28285146 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The biological processes that underlie senescence are of universal biological importance, yet they remain poorly understood. A popular theory proposes that senescence is the result of limited investment into mechanisms involved in the prevention and repair of molecular damage, leading to an accumulation of molecular damage with age. In ants, queen and worker lifespans differ by an order of magnitude, and this remarkable difference in lifespan has been shown to be associated with differences in the expression of genes involved in DNA and protein repair. Here we use the comet assay and Western Blotting for poly-ubiquitinated proteins to explore whether these differences in expression lead to differences in the accumulation of DNA damage (comet assay) or protein damage (protein ubiquitination) with age. Surprisingly, there was no difference between queens and workers in the rate of accumulation of DNA damage. We also found that levels of ubiquitinated proteins decreased with age, as previously reported in honeybees. This is in contrast to what has been found in model organisms such as worms and flies. Overall, these results reveal that the link between investment into macromolecular repair, age-related damage accumulation and lifespan is more complex than usually recognised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Lucas
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Biology & Environmental Protection, Department of Animal Physiology & Ecotoxicology, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kędziorski
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Biology & Environmental Protection, Department of Animal Physiology & Ecotoxicology, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Laurent Keller
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Fabris F, Magalhães JPD, Freitas AA. A review of supervised machine learning applied to ageing research. Biogerontology 2017; 18:171-188. [PMID: 28265788 PMCID: PMC5350215 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Broadly speaking, supervised machine learning is the computational task of learning correlations between variables in annotated data (the training set), and using this information to create a predictive model capable of inferring annotations for new data, whose annotations are not known. Ageing is a complex process that affects nearly all animal species. This process can be studied at several levels of abstraction, in different organisms and with different objectives in mind. Not surprisingly, the diversity of the supervised machine learning algorithms applied to answer biological questions reflects the complexities of the underlying ageing processes being studied. Many works using supervised machine learning to study the ageing process have been recently published, so it is timely to review these works, to discuss their main findings and weaknesses. In summary, the main findings of the reviewed papers are: the link between specific types of DNA repair and ageing; ageing-related proteins tend to be highly connected and seem to play a central role in molecular pathways; ageing/longevity is linked with autophagy and apoptosis, nutrient receptor genes, and copper and iron ion transport. Additionally, several biomarkers of ageing were found by machine learning. Despite some interesting machine learning results, we also identified a weakness of current works on this topic: only one of the reviewed papers has corroborated the computational results of machine learning algorithms through wet-lab experiments. In conclusion, supervised machine learning has contributed to advance our knowledge and has provided novel insights on ageing, yet future work should have a greater emphasis in validating the predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fabris
- School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NF UK
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
| | - Alex A. Freitas
- School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NF UK
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Johmura Y, Nakanishi M. Multiple facets of p53 in senescence induction and maintenance. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1550-1555. [PMID: 27560979 PMCID: PMC5132285 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of durable cell cycle arrest with metabolic activities distinct from those of the proliferative state. Since senescence was originally reported to be induced by various genotoxic stressors, such as telomere erosion and oncogenic signaling, it has been proposed to play a pivotal role in aging‐related changes and as an antitumorigenic barrier in vivo. However, the mechanisms underlying its induction and maintenance remain entirely elusive. We have recently found that abrupt activation of p53 at G2 results in a cell skipping mitosis and subsequently undergoing senescence. Surprisingly, we have also found that downregulation of p53 by SCFFbxo22 is crucial for the induction of a senescence‐associated phenotype. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying the timing and magnitude of activation of p53 during senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Johmura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Instuite of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Abstract
Differences in DNA repair capacity have been hypothesized to underlie the great range of maximum lifespans among mammals. However, measurements of individual DNA repair activities in cells and animals have not substantiated such a relationship because utilization of repair pathways among animals—depending on habitats, anatomical characteristics, and life styles—varies greatly between mammalian species. Recent advances in high-throughput genomics, in combination with increased knowledge of the genetic pathways involved in genome maintenance, now enable a comprehensive comparison of DNA repair transcriptomes in animal species with extreme lifespan differences. Here we compare transcriptomes of liver, an organ with high oxidative metabolism and abundant spontaneous DNA damage, from humans, naked mole rats, and mice, with maximum lifespans of ∼120, 30, and 3 years, respectively, with a focus on genes involved in DNA repair. The results show that the longer-lived species, human and naked mole rat, share higher expression of DNA repair genes, including core genes in several DNA repair pathways. A more systematic approach of signaling pathway analysis indicates statistically significant upregulation of several DNA repair signaling pathways in human and naked mole rat compared with mouse. The results of this present work indicate, for the first time, that DNA repair is upregulated in a major metabolic organ in long-lived humans and naked mole rats compared with short-lived mice. These results strongly suggest that DNA repair can be considered a genuine longevity assurance system.
Collapse
|
87
|
Bolton JL, Dunlap T. Formation and Biological Targets of Quinones: Cytotoxic versus Cytoprotective Effects. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:13-37. [PMID: 27617882 PMCID: PMC5241708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quinones represent a class of toxicological intermediates, which can create a variety of hazardous effects in vivo including, acute cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. In contrast, quinones can induce cytoprotection through the induction of detoxification enzymes, anti-inflammatory activities, and modification of redox status. The mechanisms by which quinones cause these effects can be quite complex. The various biological targets of quinones depend on their rate and site of formation and their reactivity. Quinones are formed through a variety of mechanisms from simple oxidation of catechols/hydroquinones catalyzed by a variety of oxidative enzymes and metal ions to more complex mechanisms involving initial P450-catalyzed hydroxylation reactions followed by two-electron oxidation. Quinones are Michael acceptors, and modification of cellular processes could occur through alkylation of crucial cellular proteins and/or DNA. Alternatively, quinones are highly redox active molecules which can redox cycle with their semiquinone radical anions leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and ultimately the hydroxyl radical. Production of ROS can alter redox balance within cells through the formation of oxidized cellular macromolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. This perspective explores the varied biological targets of quinones including GSH, NADPH, protein sulfhydryls [heat shock proteins, P450s, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), glutathione S-transferase (GST), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, (NQO1), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), IκB kinase (IKK), and arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR)], and DNA. The evidence strongly suggests that the numerous mechanisms of quinone modulations (i.e., alkylation versus oxidative stress) can be correlated with the known pathology/cytoprotection of the parent compound(s) that is best described by an inverse U-shaped dose-response curve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Bolton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Tareisha Dunlap
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Khalyavkin AV, Krut'ko VN. Early Thymus Involution--Manifestation of an Aging Program or a Program of Development? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:1622-5. [PMID: 26638688 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915120111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
"I see no physical reason why it should not have been possible for life to construct ageless individuals", said Carl von Weizsacker in 1979 at the Conference on DNA. An obvious biological reason for senescence may be the action of a built-in aging program. Many gerontologists believe that early thymic involution is an argument in favor of the existence of such a program. On the other hand, this involution may be a result of the program of development rather than aging. According to the concepts of noninfectious immunology, the immune system of vertebrates is also designed for immune surveillance over initial tumor development and for tissue-specific regulation of cell proliferation both in ontogenesis and during physiological and reparative regeneration of organs and tissues. Natural anti-tissue autoantibodies are the main effectors of such regulation. Therefore, the number of inherited genes of the variable part of immunoglobulin (V-genes) is not less than the number of all proliferative-competent cell types (~100). For the same reason, the maximal rate of growth, which is usually observed in the prepubertal period, coincides with the maximal thymus index and the maximal number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells as well as the minimal force of mortality during ontogeny. Thus, the circa-pubertal beginning of thymic involution is probably caused by the programmed deceleration of the growth rate in ontogeny, and not by the early manifestation of an aging program. This approach allows us to understand the mechanism of the well-known antitumor effect of the regeneration process of the organ homologous to the tumor, and hence we can try to use it in practical oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Khalyavkin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Lucas ER, Privman E, Keller L. Higher expression of somatic repair genes in long-lived ant queens than workers. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:1940-1951. [PMID: 27617474 PMCID: PMC5076446 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding why organisms senesce is a fundamental question in biology. One common explanation is that senescence results from an increase in macromolecular damage with age. The tremendous variation in lifespan between genetically identical queen and worker ants, ranging over an order of magnitude, provides a unique system to study how investment into processes of somatic maintenance and macromolecular repair influence lifespan. Here we use RNAseq to compare patterns of expression of genes involved in DNA and protein repair of age-matched queens and workers. There was no difference between queens and workers in 1-day-old individuals, but the level of expression of these genes increased with age and this up-regulation was greater in queens than in workers, resulting in significantly queen-biased expression in 2-month-old individuals in both legs and brains. Overall, these differences are consistent with the hypothesis that higher longevity is associated with increased investment into somatic repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Lucas
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Eyal Privman
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 31905 Haifa, Israel
| | - Laurent Keller
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Schultz MB, Sinclair DA. When stem cells grow old: phenotypes and mechanisms of stem cell aging. Development 2016; 143:3-14. [PMID: 26732838 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
All multicellular organisms undergo a decline in tissue and organ function as they age. An attractive theory is that a loss in stem cell number and/or activity over time causes this decline. In accordance with this theory, aging phenotypes have been described for stem cells of multiple tissues, including those of the hematopoietic system, intestine, muscle, brain, skin and germline. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of why adult stem cells age and how this aging impacts diseases and lifespan. With this increased understanding, it is feasible to design and test interventions that delay stem cell aging and improve both health and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Schultz
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Ogino M, Ichimura M, Nakano N, Minami A, Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. Roles of PTEN with DNA Repair in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060954. [PMID: 27314344 PMCID: PMC4926487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to play key roles in aging and pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, which could bring DNA damage by cells. The DNA damage may lead to the cell apoptosis, which could contribute to the degeneration of neuronal tissues. Recent evidence suggests that PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10) may be involved in the pathophysiology of the neurodegenerative disorders. Since PTEN expression appears to be one dominant determinant of the neuronal cell death, PTEN should be a potential molecular target of novel therapeutic strategies against Parkinson’s disease. In addition, defects in DNA damage response and DNA repair are often associated with modulation of hormone signaling pathways. Especially, many observations imply a role for estrogen in a regulation of the DNA repair action. In the present review, we have attempted to summarize the function of DNA repair molecules at a viewpoint of the PTEN signaling pathway and the hormone related functional modulation of cells, providing a broad interpretation on the molecular mechanisms for treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Particular attention will be paid to the mechanisms proposed to explain the health effects of food ingredients against Parkinson’s disease related to reduce oxidative stress for an efficient therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mako Ogino
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Mayuko Ichimura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Noriko Nakano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Akari Minami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
DNA double-strand breaks and micronuclei in human blood lymphocytes after repeated whole body exposures to 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neuroimage 2016; 133:288-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
93
|
Ascer LG, Magalhaes YT, Espinha G, Osaki JH, Souza RC, Forti FL. CDC42 Gtpase Activation Affects Hela Cell DNA Repair and Proliferation Following UV Radiation-Induced Genotoxic Stress. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2086-97. [PMID: 25780896 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell division control protein 42 (CDC42) homolog is a small Rho GTPase enzyme that participates in such processes as cell cycle progression, migration, polarity, adhesion, and transcription. Recent studies suggest that CDC42 is a potent tumor suppressor in different tissues and is related to aging processes. Although DNA damage is crucial in aging, a potential role for CDC42 in genotoxic stress remains to be explored. Migration, survival/proliferation and DNA damage/repair experiments were performed to demonstrate CDC42 involvement in the recovery of HeLa cells exposed to ultraviolet radiation-induced stress. Sub-lines of HeLa cells ectopically expressing the constitutively active CDC42-V12 mutant were generated to examine whether different CDC42-GTP backgrounds might reflect different sensitivities to UV radiation. Our results show that CDC42 constitutive activation does not interfere with HeLa cell migration after UV radiation. However, the minor DNA damage exhibited by the CDC42-V12 mutant exposed to UV radiation most likely results in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint and reduced proliferation and survival. HeLa cells and Mock clones, which express endogenous wild-type CDC42 and show normal activity, are more resistant to UV radiation. None of these effects are altered by pharmacological CDC42 inhibition. Finally, the phosphorylation status of the DNA damage response proteins γ-H2AX and p-Chk1 was found to be delayed and attenuated, respectively, in CDC42-V12 clones. In conclusion, the sensitivity of HeLa cells to ultraviolet radiation increases with CDC42 over-activation due to inadequate DNA repair signaling, culminating in G2/M cell accumulation, which is translated into reduced cellular proliferation and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liv G Ascer
- Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yuli T Magalhaes
- Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Espinha
- Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana H Osaki
- Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan C Souza
- Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio L Forti
- Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
The application of information theory for the research of aging and aging-related diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 157:158-173. [PMID: 27004830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the application of information-theoretical analysis, employing measures of entropy and mutual information, for the study of aging and aging-related diseases. The research of aging and aging-related diseases is particularly suitable for the application of information theory methods, as aging processes and related diseases are multi-parametric, with continuous parameters coexisting alongside discrete parameters, and with the relations between the parameters being as a rule non-linear. Information theory provides unique analytical capabilities for the solution of such problems, with unique advantages over common linear biostatistics. Among the age-related diseases, information theory has been used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases (particularly using EEG time series for diagnosis and prediction), cancer (particularly for establishing individual and combined cancer biomarkers), diabetes (mainly utilizing mutual information to characterize the diseased and aging states), and heart disease (mainly for the analysis of heart rate variability). Few works have employed information theory for the analysis of general aging processes and frailty, as underlying determinants and possible early preclinical diagnostic measures for aging-related diseases. Generally, the use of information-theoretical analysis permits not only establishing the (non-linear) correlations between diagnostic or therapeutic parameters of interest, but may also provide a theoretical insight into the nature of aging and related diseases by establishing the measures of variability, adaptation, regulation or homeostasis, within a system of interest. It may be hoped that the increased use of such measures in research may considerably increase diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities and the fundamental theoretical mathematical understanding of aging and disease.
Collapse
|
95
|
Kochan DZ, Ilnytskyy Y, Golubov A, Deibel SH, McDonald RJ, Kovalchuk O. Circadian-disruption-induced gene expression changes in rodent mammary tissues. Oncoscience 2016; 3:58-70. [PMID: 27014724 PMCID: PMC4789572 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that circadian disruption (CD) is a potential carcinogen in breast cancer development. However, despite the growing concern, to our knowledge, no studies have attempted a genome-wide analysis of CD-induced gene expression changes in mammary tissues. Using a rodent model system, a proven photoperiod-shifting paradigm, varying degrees of CD, and Illumina sequencing, we performed an exploratory genome-wide mRNA analysis in mammary tissues. Even though our analysis did not identify any significant patterns in mRNA levels based on the degree of CD, and the majority of groups did not show changes in gene expression on a large-scale, one group (two-week chronic ZT19) displayed 196 differentially expressed genes, 51 of which have been linked to breast cancer. Through gene-specific pathway analysis, the data illustrate that CD may promote breast cancer development through downregulation of DNA repair and p53 signaling pathways, thus promoting genomic instability and cancer development. Although these results have to be interpreted with caution because only a single group illustrated drastic changes in transcript levels, they indicate that chronic CD may directly induce changes in gene expression on a large-scale with potentially malignant consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Z Kochan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Yaroslav Ilnytskyy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Andrey Golubov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Scott H Deibel
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J McDonald
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Bhar GC. In Search of Rationality in Human Longevity and Immortality. Mens Sana Monogr 2016; 14:187-213. [PMID: 28031631 PMCID: PMC5179616 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1229.193083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is machine-like, but self-moving, self-regulating, and self-adjusting, governed by willpower and intelligence. Aging of the body is basically a maintenance problem and so it could perhaps be postponed by thorough and frequent maintenance. Aging brings on a cascade of ills and health problems leading to deterioration of physical, mental, emotional, and social dimensions of life. This paper deals with solution of the problem philosophically in the light of Indian scriptures without entering into traditional bioethical issues. With a meaningful reason for existence, life can be extended. Examining the scientific perspectives on aging, some common manipulations for its extension are discussed. These are calorie restriction, vitamin and antioxidant treatment, exercise and hormonal interventions, etc. Finally, the question of longevity is explored through pursuance of eternal value-based activity and spirituality in the tradition of Indian heritage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal C. Bhar
- M.Sc., Ph.D. (Southampton), Research Professor of Philosophy of Sciences (Honorary), Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Belur Math, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Which Is the Most Significant Cause of Aging? Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:793-810. [PMID: 26783959 PMCID: PMC4712935 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It becomes clearer and clearer that aging is a result of a significant number of causes and it would seem that counteracting one or several of them should not make a significant difference. Taken at face value, this suggests, for example, that free radicals and reactive oxygen species do not play a significant role in aging and that the lifespan of organisms cannot be significantly extended. In this review, I point to the fact that the causes of aging synergize with each other and discuss the implications involved. One implication is that when two or more synergizing causes increase over time, the result of their action increases dramatically; I discuss a simple model demonstrating this. It is reasonable to conclude that this might explain the acceleration of aging and mortality with age. In this regard, the analysis of results and mortality patterns described in studies involving yeasts and Drosophila provides support for this view. Since the causes of aging are synergizing, it is also concluded that none of them is the major one but many including free radicals, etc. play significant roles. It follows that health/lifespan might be significantly extended if we eliminate or even attenuate the increase of a few or even just one of the causes of aging. While the synergism between the causes of aging is the main topic of this review, several related matters are briefly discussed as well.
Collapse
|
98
|
Kanagavijayan D, Rajasekharan R, Srinivasan M. Yeast MRX deletions have short chronological life span and more triacylglycerols. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 16:fov109. [PMID: 26678749 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent model organism for lipid research. Here, we have used yeast haploid RAdiation Damage (RAD) deletion strains to study life span and lipid storage patterns. RAD genes are mainly involved in DNA repair mechanism and hence, their deletions have resulted in shorter life span. Viable RAD mutants were screened for non-polar lipid content, and some of the mutants showed significantly high amounts of triacylglycerol (TAG) and steryl ester, besides short chronological life span. Among these, RAD50, MRE11 and XRS2 form a complex, MRX that is involved in homologous recombination that showed an increase in the amount of TAG. Microarray data of single MRX deletions revealed that besides DNA damage signature genes, lipid metabolism genes are also differentially expressed. Lipid biosynthetic genes (LPP1, SLC1) were upregulated and lipid hydrolytic gene (TGL3) was downregulated. We observed that rad50Δ, mre11Δ, xrs2Δ and mrxΔ strains have high number of lipid droplets (LDs) with fragmented mitochondria. These mutants have a short chronological life span compared to wild type. Aged wild-type cells also accumulated TAG with LDs of ∼2.0 μm in diameter. These results suggest that TAG accumulation and big size LDs could be possible markers for premature or normal aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanabalan Kanagavijayan
- Lipidomics Center, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bangalore-560065, India Lipidomics Center, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore-570020, India
| | - Ram Rajasekharan
- Lipidomics Center, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore-570020, India
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Lipidomics Center, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bangalore-560065, India The Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore-570020, India
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Dańko MJ, Kozłowski J, Schaible R. Unraveling the non-senescence phenomenon in Hydra. J Theor Biol 2015; 382:137-49. [PMID: 26163368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Unlike other metazoans, Hydra does not experience the distinctive rise in mortality with age known as senescence, which results from an increasing imbalance between cell damage and cell repair. We propose that the Hydra controls damage accumulation mainly through damage-dependent cell selection and cell sloughing. We examine our hypothesis with a model that combines cellular damage with stem cell renewal, differentiation, and elimination. The Hydra individual can be seen as a large single pool of three types of stem cells with some features of differentiated cells. This large stem cell community prevents "cellular damage drift," which is inevitable in complex conglomerate (differentiated) metazoans with numerous and generally isolated pools of stem cells. The process of cellular damage drift is based on changes in the distribution of damage among cells due to random events, and is thus similar to Muller's ratchet in asexual populations. Events in the model that are sources of randomness include budding, cellular death, and cellular damage and repair. Our results suggest that non-senescence is possible only in simple Hydra-like organisms which have a high proportion and number of stem cells, continuous cell divisions, an effective cell selection mechanism, and stem cells with the ability to undertake some roles of differentiated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J Dańko
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Jan Kozłowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostojowa 7, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ralf Schaible
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Hua X, Cowman P, Warren D, Bromham L. Longevity Is Linked to Mitochondrial Mutation Rates in Rockfish: A Test Using Poisson Regression. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:2633-45. [PMID: 26048547 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial theory of ageing proposes that the cumulative effect of biochemical damage in mitochondria causes mitochondrial mutations and plays a key role in ageing. Numerous studies have applied comparative approaches to test one of the predictions of the theory: That the rate of mitochondrial mutations is negatively correlated with longevity. Comparative studies face three challenges in detecting correlates of mutation rate: Covariation of mutation rates between species due to ancestry, covariation between life-history traits, and difficulty obtaining accurate estimates of mutation rate. We address these challenges using a novel Poisson regression method to examine the link between mutation rate and lifespan in rockfish (Sebastes). This method has better performance than traditional sister-species comparisons when sister species are too recently diverged to give reliable estimates of mutation rate. Rockfish are an ideal model system: They have long life spans with indeterminate growth and little evidence of senescence, which minimizes the confounding tradeoffs between lifespan and fecundity. We show that lifespan in rockfish is negatively correlated to rate of mitochondrial mutation, but not the rate of nuclear mutation. The life history of rockfish allows us to conclude that this relationship is unlikely to be driven by the tradeoffs between longevity and fecundity, or by the frequency of DNA replications in the germline. Instead, the relationship is compatible with the hypothesis that mutation rates are reduced by selection in long-lived taxa to reduce the chance of mitochondrial damage over its lifespan, consistent with the mitochondrial theory of ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hua
- Division of Evolution Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Peter Cowman
- Division of Evolution Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University
| | - Dan Warren
- Division of Evolution Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia Department of Biology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindell Bromham
- Division of Evolution Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|